PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME (PGMENT ORTA KROM)

CAS No.: 1344-37-2

EC No.: 215-693-7

Synonyms:

CHROMIC ACID, LEAD(2) SALT; LEAD CHROMATE(VI); CHROME YELLOW; KING’S YELLOW; LEIPZIG YELLOW; PARIS YELLOW; PLUMBOUS CHROMATE; NATURAL CROCOITE; COLOGNE YELLOW; LEAD(VI) CHROMATE; CHROMIC ACID (H2CRO4), LEAD(2) SALT (1:1); LEAD CHROMATE (VI) (PBCRO4); LEAD CHROMATE (PBCRO4); LEAD CHROMIUM OXIDE (PBCRO4); CRO4PB; OHS12580; RTECS GB2975000; Chrome Yellow 34; 1344-37-2; 1344-37-2; C.I. Pigment Yellow 34; Chromium orange; Lead sulfochromate Yellow; C.I. 77600; C.I. 77603; C 103; C.P. Chrome Yellow Light 1066; PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME; PGMENT ORTA KROM; pigment orta chrome; Pigment Middle Chrome; Pigment Orta krom; C.P. Chrome Yellow Light 1074; C.P. Chrome Yellow Medium 1074; C.P. Chrome Yellow Medium 1085; C.P. Chrome Yellow Medium 1298; CCRIS 7570; Chromastral Green M; Chromastral Green Y; Chromastral Green HM; Chrome Fast Green C.P.; Chrome Fast Green CP; Chrome Orange; Chrome Yellow; Chrome Yellow A 241; Chrome Yellow G; Chrome Yellow 10G; Chrome Yellow 4G; Chrome Yellow 5G; Chrome Yellow 5GF; Chrome Yellow 62 E; Chrome Yellow 4GL Light; Chrome Yellow 6GL Primrose; Chrome Yellow GL Medium; Chrome Yellow Lemon; Chrome Yellow LF AA; PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME; PGMENT ORTA KROM; pigment orta chrome; Pigment Middle Chrome; Pigment Orta krom; Chrome Yellow Light; Chrome Yellow Light Y 434D; Chrome Yellow Medium; Chrome Yellow Medium Y 469D; Chrome Yellow Middle; Chrome Yellow NEO 5GS; Chrome Yellow Pigment GMN 35; Chrome Yellow Primrose; Chromium Yellow; CI 77600; CI 77603; CP Chrome Yellow Light 1066; CP Chrome Yellow Light 1074; CP Chrome Yellow Medium 1074; CP Chrome Yellow Medium 1085; PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME; PGMENT ORTA KROM; pigment orta chrome; Pigment Middle Chrome; Pigment Orta krom; CP Chrome Yellow Medium 1298; Dainichi Chrome Yellow 10G; Dainichi Chrome Yellow 5G; EINECS 215-693-7; HSDB 5825; Krolor Yellow KY 788D; KZh 2; KZh 3; Lemon Chrome A 3G; Lemon Chrome C 4G; Light chrome yellow; Middle Chrome; Middle Chrome BHG; Primrose Chrome; Primrose yellow; Pure Lemon Chrome L 3G; Pure Lemon Chrome L 3GS; Pure Lemon Chrome 24882; Pure Lemon Chrome 3GN; Pure Lemon Chrome HL 3G; Pure Middle Chrome 24883; Pure Middle Chrome LG; PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME; PGMENT ORTA KROM; pigment orta chrome; Pigment Middle Chrome; Pigment Orta krom; Pure Primrose Chrome L 10G; Pure Primrose Chrome L 6G; Pure Primrose Chrome Y 2G; Pure Primrose Chrome Y 2RS; Pure Primrose Chrome 24880; Pure Primrose Chrome 24881; Renol Chrome Yellow Y 2G; Renol chrome Yellow Y 2RS; Supra Lemon Chrome H 4G; Supra Lemon Chrome 4G; Supra Middle Chrome G; Supra Primrose Chrome 6G; Vynamon Yellow 6GN; Vynamon Yellow CRN; EC 215-693-7; 1344-37-2; C.I. 77603; Lead chromate; Pigment Yellow 34; blue15-4; PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME; PGMENT ORTA KROM; pigment orta chrome; Pigment Middle Chrome; Pigment Orta krom; chrome yellow 34; kroloryellow; lead sulfochromate yellow; leadsulphochromate; predarkenedlemonchromeyellow; predarkenedmediumchromeyellow; primroseyellow; 1344-37-2; CTK4B9176; Pigment Yellow 34; 1344-37-2; C.I. Pigment Yellow 34; DTXSID8051336; C 103; C.I. 77600; C.I. 77603; C.P. Chrome Yellow Light 1066; C.P. Chrome Yellow Light 1074; C.P. Chrome Yellow Medium 1074; C.P. Chrome Yellow Medium 1085; C.P. Chrome Yellow Medium 1298; CCRIS 7570; PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME; PGMENT ORTA KROM; pigment orta chrome; Pigment Middle Chrome; Pigment Orta krom; Chromastral Green HM; Chromastral Green M; Chromastral Green Y; Chrome Fast Green C.P.; Chrome Fast Green CP; Chrome Orange; Chrome Yellow; Chrome Yellow 10G; Chrome Yellow 4G; Chrome Yellow 4GL Light; Chrome Yellow 5G; Chrome Yellow 5GF; Chrome Yellow 62 E; Chrome Yellow 6GL Primrose; Chrome Yellow A 241; Chrome Yellow G; Chrome Yellow GL Medium; Chrome Yellow Lemon; Chrome Yellow LF AA; Chrome Yellow Light; Chrome Yellow Light Y 434D; Chrome Yellow Medium; Chrome Yellow Medium Y 469D; Chrome Yellow Middle; Chrome Yellow NEO 5GS; Chrome Yellow Pigment GMN 35; Chrome Yellow Primrose; Chromium Yellow; CI 77600; CI 77603; CP Chrome Yellow Light 1066; CP Chrome Yellow Light 1074; CP Chrome Yellow Medium 1074; CP Chrome Yellow Medium 1085; CP Chrome Yellow Medium 1298; Dainichi Chrome Yellow 10G; Dainichi Chrome Yellow 5G; EC 215-693-7; EINECS 215-693-7; HSDB 5825; Krolor Yellow KY 788D; PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME; PGMENT ORTA KROM; pigment orta chrome; Pigment Middle Chrome; Pigment Orta krom; KZh 2; KZh 3; Lead sulfochromate Yellow; Lemon Chrome A 3G; Lemon Chrome C 4G; Light chrome yellow; Middle Chrome; Middle Chrome BHG; Primrose Chrome; Primrose yellow; Pure Lemon Chrome 24882; Pure Lemon Chrome 3GN; Pure Lemon Chrome HL 3G; Pure Lemon Chrome L 3G; Pure Lemon Chrome L 3GS; Pure Middle Chrome 24883; Pure Middle Chrome LG; Pure Primrose Chrome 24880; Pure Primrose Chrome 24881; Pure Primrose Chrome L 10G; Pure Primrose; Chrome L 6G; Pure Primrose Chrome Y 2G; Pure Primrose Chrome Y 2RS; Renol Chrome Yellow Y 2G; Renol chrome Yellow Y 2RS; Supra Lemon Chrome 4G; Supra Lemon Chrome H 4G; Supra Middle Chrome G; Supra Primrose Chrome 6G; Vynamon Yellow 6GN; Vynamon Yellow CRN; c 103;Blue15-4; C.I.14085; c.i. 77600; C.I. 77603; KROLORYELLOW; Lead chromate; PRIMROSEYELLOW; CHROME YELLOW 34; CHROMELIGHTYELLOW; Pigment yellow 34 (C.I. 77603; Lead sulfochromate yellow C.I. Pigment Yellow 34 [This substance is identified in the Colour Index by Colour Index Constitution Number, C.I. 77603.]; lead sulfochromate; C. I. Pigment Yellow 34 (77600); Lead sulfochromate yellow; PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME; PGMENT ORTA KROM; pigment orta chrome; Pigment Middle Chrome; Pigment Orta krom; Blue15-4; KROLORYELLOW; LEADSULPHOCHROMATE; C 103; C 103 (pigment); 77600; 77603; C.P. Chrome Yellow Light 1066; Chrome Yellow Light 1074; Chrome Yellow Medium 1074; Chrome Yellow Medium 1085; Chrome Yellow Medium 1298; Chromastral Green Y; Chrome orange; Chrome Yellow 10G; Chrome Yellow 4G; Chrome Yellow 4GL Light; Chrome Yellow 500LSG; Chrome Yellow 5G; Chrome Yellow 5GF; Chrome Yellow 62E; Chrome Yellow 6GL Primrose; Chrome Yellow A 241; Chrome Yellow G; Chrome Yellow GL Medium; Chrome Yellow Lemon; Chrome Yellow LF AA; Chrome yellow light; Chrome Yellow Light Y 434D; Chrome yellow medium; Chrome Yellow Medium Y 469D; Chrome yellow middle; Chrome Yellow NEO 5GS; Chrome Yellow Pigment GMN 35; Chrome Yellow Primrose; Chromium yellow; Dainichi Chrome Yellow 10G; Dainichi Chrome Yellow 5G; Dark chrome yellow; Horna Chrome Yellow dark GL 35; Horna Chrome Yellow GUH 41; Horna Chrome Yellow medium GU 25; Krolor Yellow KY 787D; Krolor Yellow KY 788D; KZh 2; KZh 3; KZh 3 (pigment); Lead sulphochromate; Lemon Chrome A 3G; Lemon Chrome C 4G; Lemon Chrome Yellow 325; Light chrome yellow; Medium chrome yellow; Middle chrome; Middle Chrome BHG; Middle chrome yellow; Perma Yellow 1650S; Perma Yellow 5G; Primrose chrome; Primrose yellow; Pure Lemon Chrome 24882; Pure Lemon Chrome 3GN; PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME; PGMENT ORTA KROM; pigment orta chrome; Pigment Middle Chrome; Pigment Orta krom; Pure Lemon Chrome HL 3G; Pure Lemon Chrome L 3G; Pure Lemon Chrome L 3GS; Pure Middle Chrome 24883; Pure Middle Chrome LG; Pure Primrose Chrome 24880; Pure Primrose Chrome 24881; Pure Primrose Chrome L 10G; Pure Primrose Chrome L 6G; Renol Chrome Yellow Y 2G; Renol Chrome Yellow Y 2RS; Resino Yellow NSR 107; Sicomin Yellow L 1122; PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME; PGMENT ORTA KROM; pigment orta chrome; Pigment Middle Chrome; Pigment Orta krom; Sicomin Yellow L 1630S; Sicomin Yellow L 1635; Supra Lemon Chrome 4Gl; Supra Lemon Chrome H 4G; Supra Middle Chrome G; Supra Primrose Chrome 6G; PIGMENT LEMON CHROME; PGMENT LMON KROM; pigment lemon chrome; Pigment Lemon Chrome; Pigment Limon krom; PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME; PGMENT ORTA KROM; pigment orta chrome; Pigment Middle Chrome; Pigment Orta krom

Pigment Middle Chrome

Pigment Middle Chrome is generally immediately available in most volumes. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

Technical Details of Pigment Middle Chrome (Pigment Middle Chrome) CASNo.1344-37-2

Synonyms Pigment Middle Chrome CAS No 1344-37-2

CI No 77603

Specifications of Pigment Middle Chrome (Pigment Middle Chrome) CASNo.1344-37-2

* Notes : Specific Gravity: 4.5 – 5.5 , Bulk Density: 0.75 – 0.80

Applications of Pigment Middle Chrome (Pigment Middle Chrome) CASNo.1344-37-2

Pigment Middle Chrome is used for Gravure, Flexo, Sheet-fed Offset, Web Offset, Newspaper, UV and Screen

Features / Description of Pigment Middle Chrome (Pigment Middle Chrome) CASNo.1344-37-2

We hold immense expertise in catering to the variegated requirements of the customers by bringing forth a remarkable Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment. Our offered Pigment Middle Chromes are formulated using inorganic Pigment Middle Chrome s that are widely used in in plastic and coating paints. In addition, these Pigment Middle Chromes are tested on various characteristics like purity and composition to ensure flawlessness.

Pigment Middle Chrome is a monoclinic Lead Chromate material. A special property is the high purity of shade and a cleaner Full Tone. This Pigment Middle Chrome is highly stabilized and offers very good fastness to light and weathering and therefore is extensively used in top-quality Synthetic Enamels. Special types for Inks and Plastics are available in Pigment Middle Chrome. It offers very good dispersion behaviour in Inks media and Polymeric Plastic Master Batch Manufacturing process.

Appearance: Pigment Middle Chrome powder, It is Bright color,

strong tinting strength,high hiding . with good

light fastness and dispersibility.

Main Application: solvent based paint:

Alkydresin, Amino-baking, N/C , Epoxy;

Plastic: Masterbatch, cable material, plastic pipe

and plastic film and sheet etc.

Suggested for polyurethane paint,

architectural coatings, water based coatings,

color paste, leather, stationery and rubber.

Inorganic Pigment Middle Chrome s

With the aid of modern tools and sophisticated technologies, we have been able to provide the customers with an astounding Inorganic Pigment Middle Chrome s. To formulate these Pigment Middle Chrome s, we utilize quality-approved ingredients, that are obtained from reliable vendors of the industry. Under this non-toxic range, we offer Scarlet Pigment Middle Chrome, Primrose Pigment Middle Chrome, Chromocynine Green, Light Pigment Middle Chrome and Violet 27 Pigment are few to name. Further, our offered Pigment Middle Chrome s are processed in accordance with the international standards of quality. we are looking enquiries from south Africa ( all countries) Indonesia, Thailand, UAE, turkey, & all gulf countries

Description

Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of food dye, relate to Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method particularly.

Tatrazine, one of edible synthesized coloring matter three primary colors are allowed to be used for food color synthetic colour the most widely in the world, account for 30 percent of global synthetic colour total amount.And in 3000 tons of years of edible synthesized coloring matter of China demands, Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome ly account for 1200 tons, account for 4 percent top ten.

Tatrazine claims FD﹠amp again; C Pigment Middle Chrome No.5, E102, C.I.19140, CAS number is 1934-21-0, chemical molecular formula C 16H 9N 4Na 3O 9S 2, bright orange- Pigment Middle Chrome powder or particle, azo type heterocyclic structure (seeing formula 1),

Formula 1

Lemon Pigment Middle Chrome route of synthesis is two kinds:

One) phenyl hydrazine-p-sulfonic acid and two hydroxyl tartrate condensations;

Two) Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and 1-(4-sulphenyl)-3-carboxyl-5-pyrazolone or the basic ester coupling of its first (second) (or alcohol radical is sloughed in hydrolysis again).

Pigment Middle Chrome Our company adopts tartrate technology the earliest, i.e. first kind of technology, back independent development DMAS technology, use till today always.DMAS (2-DMAS) technology (belonging to pyrazolone technology)— Pigment Middle Chrome be that Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and DMAS (2-DMAS) Pigment Middle Chrome condensation generates the pyrazolone methyl esters, get with the coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt, hydrolysis again.

In sum, this area lacks a kind of reaction conversion ratio height, product purity height, Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method that organic impurity content is low.Therefore, this area presses for exploitation a kind of reaction conversion ratio height, product purity height, Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method that organic impurity content is low.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide reaction conversion ratio height, product purity height, Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method that organic impurity content is low.

In a first aspect of the present invention, a kind of Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method is provided, step comprises:

Pigment Middle Chrome (a) 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters and mol ratio are 1: the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of 0.90-1.10 is the phase-transfer catalyst of 0.05-0.5 and is to carry out condensation in the Pigment Middle Chrome presence of the acid binding agent of 1.5-2.5 in the amount of substance mol ratio of 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters in the amount of substance mol ratio in 2-acetyl-malic acid Pigment Middle Chrome dimethyl esters, obtain condenses, described phase-transfer catalyst comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, class of department, tween, peregal 0 or its combination;

(b) described condenses be coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and the hydrolysis of 0.90-1.10 in the amount of substance mol ratio of condenses, obtain Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method’s of the present invention process flow sheet, and DMAS is the 2-DMAS, and inferior sodium is Sodium Nitrite, is Sulphanilic Acid to acid.

Embodiment

Pigment Middle Chrome The inventor by technological improvement production technique such as integrated use liquid-phase chromatographic analysis, phase-transfer catalysis, membrane sepn, meticulous reaction controls, forms the new production method of high purity Tatrazine through extensive and deep research.This production method comprise DMAS (2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters) under the effect of phase-transfer catalyst and gentle acid binding agent with mole number such as approximately to sour diazonium salt condensation; then with second part approximately wait mole number to sour diazonium salt in the coupling of pH6.5-8.0 scope; again in PH9.0-9.5,75-85 ℃ hydrolysis, after recrystallization, membrane sepn purification step and high purity is Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome.The contriver is surprised to find that, adopts method of the present invention, improves simultaneously except making Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome product purity and reaction yield, can also significantly reduce the content of organic impuritys such as unreacted intermediate and secondary dyestuff, reduces pollutent simultaneously and produces and discharging.Finished the present invention on this basis.

Reaction process

Pigment Middle Chrome (hereinafter referred to as to acid) diazotization reaction obtains the Pigment Middle Chrome diazonium salt.

Pigment Middle Chrome Then, 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters and mol ratio are 1: the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of 0.90-1.10 is the phase-transfer catalyst of 0.05-0.5 and is to carry out condensation in the presence of the acid binding agent of 1.5-2.5 in the amount of substance mol ratio of 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters in the amount of substance mol ratio in 2-acetyl-malic acid Pigment Middle Chrome dimethyl esters, obtain condenses, described phase-transfer catalyst comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, class of department, tween, paregal O or its combination;

Then, described condenses be coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and the hydrolysis of 0.90-1.10 in the amount of substance mol ratio of condenses, obtain Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome.

As shown in Figure 1, realize that Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method of the present invention comprises diazotization reaction, condensation reaction, coupled reaction, hydrolysis reaction and post-processing step, wherein each post-processing step comprises crystallisation step, membrane sepn step and drying step.

Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome ly adopt general post-treating method to separate, as recrystallization method etc.

It is Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome to adopt method of the present invention to prepare, overcome the defective that is easy to generate sodium self conjugates, make that respectively to go on foot unit process complete substantially, reduced the content of organic impuritys such as unreacted intermediate and secondary dyestuff, yield is obviously improved, reach 91.4%, (HPLC 238nm) reaches 99.5% to purity simultaneously.Quality index reaches U.S. FCC standard comprehensively.Thereby the Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome product that method of the present invention makes is as foodstuff additive, and its detrimental impurity content is few, therefore has higher food safety.

Pigment Middle Chrome All quote in this application as a reference at all documents that the present invention mentions, just quoted as a reference separately as each piece document.Should be understood that in addition those skilled Pigment Middle Chrome in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after having read above-mentioned teachings of the present invention, these equivalent form Pigment Middle Chrome of values fall within the application’s appended claims institute restricted portion equally.

Claims (9)

Hide Dependent

1. Pigment Middle Chrome Pigment Middle Chrome preparation method is characterized in that step comprises:

(a) 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters and mol ratio are 1: the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of 0.90-1.10 is the phase-transfer catalyst of 0.05-0.5 and is to carry out condensation in the presence of the acid binding agent of 1.5-2.5 in the amount of substance mol ratio of 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters in the amount of substance mol ratio in 2-acetyl-malic acid dimethyl esters, obtain condenses, described phase-transfer Pigment Middle Chrome catalyst comprises polyoxyethylene glycol, class of department, tween, peregal 0 or its combination;

(b) described condenses be coupling of Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt and the hydrolysis of 0.90-1.10 in the amount of substance mol ratio of condenses, obtain Pigment Middle Chrome yellow.

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that Pigment Middle Chrome, phase-transfer catalyst is a poly(oxyethylene glycol) 400 described in the step (a).

3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that Pigment Middle Chrome, acid binding agent is selected from Sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium bicarbonate described in the step (a).

4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that Pigment Middle Chrome, acid binding agent is a Sodium phosphate dibasic described in the step (a).

5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt described in the step (a) carries out diazotization reaction by Sulphanilic Acid and makes, and described phase-transfer catalyst adds in Pigment Middle Chrome diazotization reaction.

6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the Sulphanilic Acid diazonium salt of step (b) is regulated Pigment Middle Chrome the pH value with the pH regulator agent before reaction be 1.0-2.0.

7. method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that Pigment Middle Chrome, described pH regulator agent is a Sodium phosphate dibasic.

8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises separating step in the step (b), and described separating step Pigment Middle Chrome comprises roughing out and purification step, and wherein said roughing out step adopts recrystallization method, and described purification step adopts membrane separation process.

9. Pigment Middle Chrome method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the employing molecular weight cut-off is 350 tubular type nanofiltration membrane in the described membrane separation process.

Description

A toxic yellow artist’s Pigment Middle Chrome containing Lead chromate sometimes mixed with Lead sulfate. Lead chromate can range in shade from Pigment Middle Chrome yellow to orange depending on its particle size, hydration state, and percent lead chromate. Pigment Middle Chrome yellow, which came on the market in early 1800s, is permanent to visible light, but can darken with exposure to UV radiation or Hydrogen sulfide. Pigment Middle Chrome yellow is used in industrial paints, some artist’s paints and ceramic glazes.

Other yellow chromate Pigment Middle Chrome s are sometimes also called Pigment Middle Chrome yellow. Strontium chromate, zinc chromate, and Barium chromate are pale yellow Pigment Middle Chrome s that are often mixed and called Pigment Middle Chrome yellow. Strontium chromate has more hiding power than the barium chromate. Zinc yellow is synthetically prepared zinc chromate. The pure material is stable and is used in oil and watercolor paints Pigment Middle Chrome.

Pigment Middle Chrome

Synonyms and Related Terms

Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34; CI 77600; Chromgelb (Deut.); jaune de chrôme (Fr.); giallo cromo (It.); amarillo de cromo (Esp.); amarelo de crómio (Port.); Paris yellow; king’s yellow; Vienna yellow; Pigment Middle Chrome yellow; jonquil Pigment Middle Chrome yellow; Cologne yellow; Leipzig yellow

Pigment Middle Chrome yellow 305.TIF

Other Properties

Soluble in strong acids and alkalis. Insoluble in water.

High birefringence. Monoclinic prism crystals.

Composition PbCrO4

CAS 7758-97-6

Melting Point 844

Density 5.96 – 6.3

Molecular Weight mol. wt. = 323.2

Refractive Index 2.31; 2.49

Pursuant to section 74 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999), the Ministers of the Environment and of Health have conducted a screening assessment of C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN) 1344-37-2. The substance C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 was identified in the categorization of the Domestic Substances List as a high priority for action under the Ministerial Challenge. The substance was identified as a high priority because it was considered to pose greatest potential for exposure (GPE) to individuals in Canada and had been classified by other agencies on the basis of carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity. The substance also met the ecological categorization criteria for persistence and inherent toxicity to aquatic organisms. Pigment Middle Chrome Therefore, this assessment of C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 focuses on information relevant to the evaluation of both human health and ecological risks. In response to a notice issued under section 71 of CEPA 1999, in 2006 C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 was reported to be manufactured in and imported into Canada. After exports, the amount remaining for use in this country ranged between 1 000 000 and 10 000 000 kg. It is primarily used for plastic formulation for commercial applications and export; commercial, non-consumer paints and coatings; and commercial printing inks or coatings used for plastics and certain outdoor applications such as commercial identification decals. There were no empirical data identified regarding measured concentrations of C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 in environmental media (i.e., air, water, soil and food) in Canada. Given the physical and chemical properties and sources of this substance, exposure to C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 is expected to be negligible via drinking water, ambient air or consumer products. Exposure to the general population in Canada is expected to be predominantly from soils, although these exposures are expected to be low due to the primarily commercial use of the substance, very limited industrial releases, and the encapsulation and incorporation of the substance into a solid matrix. However, these exposures could not be quantified due to lack of measured concentrations. The substance C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 is considered persistent because it contains metal ions, lead (Pb2+) and the chromate (CrO4 2-) ions, which are considered to be infinitely persistent. Therefore, C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 meets the persistence criteria as set out in the Persistence and Bioaccumulation Regulations. The current state of the science does not allow for the unambiguous interpretation of the bioaccumulation potential of metalcontaining inorganic substances such as C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34. Experimental toxicity studies suggest that the substance is not hazardous to aquatic organisms at a loading rate (100 mg/L) that is considered to represent a reasonable environmental worst-case scenario. Additionally, considering its low solubility, it is unlikely that organisms associated with other compartments would be harmed by exposure to this substance. Based principally on the weight of evidence based classification of C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 by the European Commission, and the assessment of hexavalent chromium and inorganic lead compounds by several national and international agencies, a critical effect for the 2 Screening Assessment CAS RN 1344-37-2 characterization of risk to human health is carcinogenicity. The substance C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34, together with lead chromate and C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Red 104, was carcinogenic in rats after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration and these animal studies are supported by epidemiological studies, which indicate an increased frequency of lung cancer in chromate Pigment Middle Chrome production workers. As well, C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 or its principal components were genotoxic in a limited number of in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. On the basis of the carcinogenicity of C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34, for which there may be a probability of harm at any level of exposure, it is concluded that C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 is a substance that may be entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health. On the basis of ecological hazard and reported releases of C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34, it is concluded that this substance is not entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that have or may have an immediate or long-term harmful effect on the environment or its biological diversity, or that constitute or may constitute a danger to the environment on which life depends. In addition and where relevant, research and monitoring will support verification of assumptions used during the screening assessment and, where appropriate, the performance of potential control measures identified during the risk management phase. Based on the information available, it is concluded that C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 meets one or more of the criteria set out in section 64 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999.

C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 contains principally lead chromate (PbCrO4) and lead sulfate (PbSO4). The proportion of these individual moieties in the Pigment Middle Chrome must be considered when evaluating exposure to each of the constituent metals. The Pigment Middle Chrome Handbook (Lewis 1988) provides a range of composition percentages for the different constituents that are included in the second column of Table 3. Using these data with the molecular weights, the weight fractions of lead and chromate moieties are calculated for each constituent. Table 4 provides the total weight composition for each moiety by summing the contributions from each constituent.

The substance C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 is not known to be naturally produced in the environment. The principal metallic components of this substance, lead and chromium, are naturally occurring and as such are considered infinitely persistent. Lead concentrations in the rock of the upper continental crust have been determined to range between 17 and 20 ppm; chromium concentrations have been determined to be approximately 35 ppm (Reimann and de Caritat 1998). As indicated in Table 2, these compounds are not highly soluble. However, while lead sulfate is present in the Pigment Middle Chrome at two-fold lower quantities, it is orders of magnitude more soluble. Therefore, lead sulfate may be a more significant source of dissolved lead from C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34, despite being present in smaller quantities. However, there are various grades of Pigment Middle Chrome s including those in which the Pigment Middle Chrome is encapsulated in a dense amorphous silica coating, which significantly reduces its solubility and bioavailability (Lewis 1988). Based on a survey conducted under section 71 of CEPA 1999, in 2006 C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 was both manufactured in and imported into Canada (Environment Canada 2007b). Based on an exportation rate of around 75% of all substance manufactured (Environment Canada 2007a), between 1 000 000 and 10 000 000 kg of this substance would be remaining for use in this country. Uses According to the Color Pigment Middle Chrome s Manufacturers Association, the significant applications for these Pigment Middle Chrome s in Canada are plastic formulation for commercial applications and export; commercial, non-consumer paints and coatings; and a very limited number of commercial printing inks or coatings used for plastics and certain outdoor applications such as commercial identification decals. For example, these Pigment Middle Chrome s are used for applications that require safety attributes such as high visibility and so are used in traffic paint striping for highways and airports, and safety identification paints on buses, ambulances and fire trucks. Industrial paints using lead chromate Pigment Middle Chrome s include automotive finishes, industrial and agricultural equipment, industrial baking enamels and air-dried finishes (Environment Canada 2007a). 10 Screening Assessment CAS RN 1344-37-2 The substance C.I. Pigment Middle Chrome Yellow 34 is not used in consumer paints because the Canadian Hazardous Products Act prohibits furniture and other articles for children that are painted with a surface coating material that contains lead compounds of which the total lead content is more than 600 mg/kg (Canada 2005a). A concentration greater than 600 mg/kg would be required technically to manufacture a paint coloured with this substance (Environment Canada 2007a). The Hazardous Products Act also prohibits toys, equipment and other products for use by a child in learning or play and pencils and artists’ brushes that have had a surface coating material applied to them that contains more than 600 mg/kg of total lead (Canada 2005a).

PGMENT ORTA KROM

Halen, dünyadaki cam pazarnda cam malzemeleri boyama için çeitli Pigment Orta Krom kullanlr. Önceleri gözlük camlarndaki renkler

Pigment Orta Kromlerden elde edilememilerdir.O zamanlar, çok deiik türdeki yabanc maddeler cam malzemelerin renklendirilmesinde sorumlu görülmütür.Örnein, 17 yüzylda demir kirlilikleri bulunduundan ‘siyah bombe gözlük’ rengi koyu kahverengi ya da yeil olarak görünmekteydi. Bu yabanc maddeler, gözlük camlarna iki kaynaktan gelmekteydi. lki bu gözlükleri yapmak için demir kullanlmaktayd ikincisi ise bu gözlükleri eritmek için kullanlan kömürden çkan dumanlardaki sülfürdü. Ancak bugün, cam çeitli Pigment Orta Kromler (saf metal tuzlar) kullanlarak renklendirilmektedir.

Baz antik renkli cam örnekleri unlardr: Yakut cam (Pigment Orta Krom olarak 1679 da bulunmu olan altn klorür kullanlrd), uranyum cam (Pigment Orta Krom olarak 1830 ylnda bulunmu olan uranyum oksit kullanlrd). Renkli camlarn her zaman yararl olduu söylenemez. Bazen, herhangi bir rengi olmayan böyle cama gerek duyulabilir. O zaman istenmeyen rengi camdan kaldrmak gerekir. Renk kaldrma ilemi Renksizletirme (Decolorizing) süreci olarak adlandrlr. Sk kullanlan baz renksizletirme katklar bulunmaktadr. Bunlar: Mangan Dioksit ve Seryum Oksittir.

Pigment Orta Krom Kullanarak Gözlükte Özel Efekt

Baz Pigment Orta Krom tek bana ya da öteki tip Pigment Orta Kromlerle kombine eklinde kullanlarak, gözlükte özel renk efekti oluturulabilir.

Örnein, yanardöner (iridescent) camn (iris cam) özel bir renklendirme etkisi vardr. ris camdaki bu renklendirme efekti, baz metalik bileikler (Pigment Orta Krom) ekleyerek oluturulabilir. Bazen, iris camdaki renklendirme efekti, cam yüzeyine kalay klorür ya da kurun klorür püskürtülerek ve ardndan indirgen bir ajan varlnda starak oluturulabilir. Baka bir renkli cam da

Dichroic Camdr. Farkl açlardan bakldnda cam rengi deimi gibi görülebiliyor. Bu durum, kolloidal metallerin (altn ya da gümü) çok ince bir tabakas cam yüzeyine uygulandndan dolay olumutur.

Cam Sektöründe Baz Kullanl Pigment Orta Kromler

Kobalt norganik Pigment Orta Kromler: Kobalt inorganik Pigment Orta Kromler, çeitli uygulamalarda kullanlrlar. Bu uygulamalar, bitmi cam ürünlerini üretmek için renk verilmesinden istenen renk iddetine kadar deiiklik gösterir.

Nikel norganik Pigment Orta Kromler: Nikel inorganik Pigment Orta Kromler renk eklemek için kullanlrlar. Son cam ürünlerinin renk gücünü artrmak ve cam ürünlerinin öteki baz özellikleri gelitirmek için kullanlr.

Antimon Trioksit (Sb2O3): Bu Pigment Orta Krom beyaz Pigment Orta Krom olarak da bilinir. Bu Pigment Orta Kromler, cam endüstrisinde renk açc (decolorizing) ajanlar olarak kullanlr. Gözlükte istenmeyen rengi kaldrmak için bu Pigment Orta Kromler kullanlabilir. Bu Pigment Orta Kromlerin saflatrma kapasitesi çok yüksektir ve her türlü yabanc maddelerden arnmtr.

Sodyum Antimonat: Sodyum Pigment Orta Kromler de cam sektöründe decolorizing ajanlar olarak kullanlrlar. Bu Pigment Orta Krom bir arndrma katks olarak kullanlr.

3. Kauçuk Endüstrisinde Renklendiriciler

Kauçuk endüstrisinde, dayankllk, sya ve a kar direnç, güçlendirme kapasite vb. gibi farkl özellikler vermek için farkl

Pigment Orta Kromler kullanlr. Kauçuk sektöründe uygulanan/kullanlan Pigment Orta Kromlerden bazlar unlardr:

Karbon Siyah: Karbon siyah, petrol rafinerisi ileminden elde edilen bir Pigment Orta Krom türüdür. Araba lastikleri üretim sürecinde, yüksek dayanm, anma ve uzun ömür ve zemin kavrama salamak için kullanlr. Bu nitelikler, baarl olmas için herhangi bir lastik için geçerlidir. Karbon siyah, kauçuk ürünlerin farkl türlerindeki çeitli uygulamalarda kullanlr. Kauçuktaki bu ürün yelpazesi havaclktan sradan ev ürünlerine kadar uzanr.

Toz Organik Pigment Orta Kromler: Toz organik Pigment Orta Kromler renklendirme ilemlerinde ve yaplan kauçuk ürünlerindeki öteki belirli özellikleri gelitirmek için kullanlr.

Titanyum Dioksit: Kauçuk uygulamalarda, titanyum dioksit Pigment Orta Kromler de kullanlr. Çünkü bu Pigment Orta Kromlerin baz iyi niteliklerinden dolay kauçuk uygulama sürecinde bu Pigment Orta Kromler kullanlr. Bu iyi nitelikler olarak yüksek krlma indisi, parçack boyutunun younluu, dispersiyonu ve yüksek ultra viyole n direnci verilebilir.

Floresan Pigment Orta Kromler: Toz renk olarak adlandrlan toz formda bir tür parlak bir Pigment Orta Krom olan floresan lastik endüstrisinde kullanlr.

Bu tür Pigment Orta Kromler organik ya da inorganik yapda olabilirler. Uygun renk seçimi, öncelikle baz üreticilerin gereksinimlerine bal olarak deiir. Bu gereksinimler, k kararll, s dayanm, kanama direnci, migrasyon direnci ve gerekli renk tonu saylabilir.

Bifonksiyonel Organik Silikon Bileikler: Kauçuk sektöründe kullanlan Pigment Orta Kromler genellikle bifonksiyonel organik silikon

bileiklerdir.Bu bileiklerin iki reaktif gruplar vardr. Yüksek kaliteli kauçuk bileikler için bu Pigment Orta Kromler kullanlr. Kauçuk sektöründe bu tür bir Pigment Orta Kromler kullanldnda sinolan grubu tayan Pigment Orta Kromler ile kombine edilirler. Bu ekilde etkinliini daha etkili olacaktr.

Molibden Pigment Orta Kromler: Kauçuk sektöründe kullanlan bir baka Pigment Orta Krom de molibden Pigment Orta Kromtir. Bu Pigment Orta Kromler k ve s dayanml ve parlak krmz-turuncudan krmz sar aralnda olan parlak renklerdedir. Kauçuk ürünleri dnda bu Pigment Orta Kromler seramik, plastik, boya ve mürekkeplerde de kullanlr. Ultramarine Pigment Orta Kromler olarak bilinen bir baka tür Pigment Orta Kromler de kauçuk ürünlerinde kullanlrlar. Bu Pigment Orta Kromler, s, k ve d ortam direnci yüksektir.

Kadmiyum Pigment Orta Kromler: Kauçuk sektöründe önemli bir uygulama alan olmasa da kadmiyum Pigment Orta Kromler baz küçük amaçlar için kauçuk endüstrisinde kullanlrlar.

Pigment Orta Krom Olarak Çinko Oksit (Çinko Beyaz): Kuruluundan bu yana, kauçuk sanayi çinko oksidi kullanmaktadr. Çinko oksidin kauçuk endüstrisindeki büyük önemi, fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleriyle pek çok optik özelliklerinden gelmektedir. Ar pnömatik yük ve dayankllk için araba lastikleri, yüksek çalma hzlarnda ssal yapnn kritik olmasndan dolay desteklemesinin yan sra yüksek s iletkenlii için yüksek çinko oksit yüklenmesini gerektirir. Kürleme ileminde birçok tür sentetik kauçuk kumu doal kauçuk, çinko oksidin kimyasal reaktivitesi, organik hzlandrclar etkinletirmek için gereklidir.

Çinko oksit kauçuk endüstrisinde popüler klan baz özel özellikleri unlardr:

Is Kararll: Çinko oksidin çok yüksek s kararll (direnç) vardr. Bu yüzden araba lastii üretimi için kullanld zaman, lastikler, yüksek scaklklarda bile daha salam ve dayankl olurlar.

Lateks Jelasyonu: Lateks köpük kauçuk ürün üretildii zaman köpük jelasyonunda yeterli kararll verir.

Ik Kararll: Tüm beyaz Pigment Orta Kromlerin dnda çinko oksit UV nlar en yüksek düzeyde absorbe etme yeteneindedir.

Bu nedenle kauçuk lastiklerde kullanld zaman, ykc gün na kar lastiklere fazladan dayankllk salar. Bu tip kauçuklarn fazladan dayankllk gerektirmeleri nedeniyle çinko oksit beyaz ve renkli lastiklerde özel olarak kullanlr.

Pigment Orta Kromasyon: Çinko oksidin yüksek parlaklkta, yüksek krlma indisinde ve uygun partikül boyutunda olmas bu

Pigment Orta Kromin kauçuk ürünleri ile kartrldnda ürünler daha beyazms olacaktr. Bu Pigment Orta Krom özellikle kauçuktan yaplan tbbi cerrahi donatmlarda, lastik kaplamalarda ve araba lastiklerinin yanaklarnda kullanlr.

Destekleme: Doal Kauçuk, destek dayanmn bu Pigment Orta Kromten alr.

Kauçuk-Metal Balanmas: Çinko oksit, bakr oksit ile kauçuu pirince balamak için reaksiyona girer.

4. Kozmetikte Renklendiriciler

Renklendiriciler, kozmetik sektöründe geni bir kullanm alan bulmulardr. Saç boyalar, rujlar, ampuanlar ya da ojeler gibi birçok yerde önemli kullanm bulunmaktadr. Saç boyalarn ele alrsak piyasada bulunan ticari saç boyas formüllerinin çou, artk karmak malzemeler kullanan ve formüllerinin de üreticileri ile önemli ölçüde farkllk gösteren bir durumdadr. Burada bizi ilgilendiren konu, saç boyas yapmnda ne tür renklendiricilerin kullanlddr. Genellikle kullanlan renklendirici kimyasallar, 4-amino-2-hydroxytoluene ve m-Aminophenol gibi amino bileiklerden oluur.

Titanyum dioksit ve demir oksit gibi metal oksitler Pigment Orta Kromler de kullanlr.

Kozmetik Kullanlan Hammadde Türleri: Dekoratif kozmetik kategorisinde kullanlan renklerin çounluunu

Pigment Orta Kromler oluturur. Bunlar, kozmetikte popüler olan ancak ar metal düzeylerinin yüksek olmamasn gerektiren inorganik Pigment Orta Kromlerdir. Kozmetikte kullanlan inorganik Pigment Orta Kromler genellikle çeitli kimyasallardan olumu tiplerdir. Birkaç popüler olanlar tabloda verilmitir.

Kozmetik uygulamalarda kullanlan bu tür organik Pigment Orta Kromlere ek olarak, suda çözünen ve yada çözünen renklendiricileri çözünür Pigment Orta Kromler (dyestuff) saylabilir.

Su çözünür renklendirici Pigment Orta Kromlerden (dyestuff) baz örnekler aada verilmitir.

5. Tarm Sektörü için Renklendiriciler

Temel olarak tarm sanayinde kullanlan üç ana tür renklendirici vardr.

1. Ürün koruma sanayi,

2. Gübre sanayi,

3. Tohum koruma sanayi.

Burada renklendirici kullanmnn amac, tarmsal kimyasallarn tanmlama sürecinde ya da tarm kimyasallarn renklendirilmesindedir.

Temel seçim ölçütleri aadaki özelliklere baldr:

• Renklendiricinin renklendirme gücü,

• Renklendiricinin rengi,

• Renk kararll,

• Kullanlan katklarla renklendiricinin uyumluluu.

Uygulamalardaki ayrntlarn deerlendirilmesi aadaki gibi yaplabilir:

Ürün Koruma Sanayi:Ürün korumada renklendiriciler,insektisid ve füngisid tip katklarn ilenmi ve ilenmemi olanlarnn açkça ayrt edilerek belirlenmesinde kullanlr. Ayrca, renklendirici boya maddeleri kullanm ilemlerinde güvenlik açsndan da yardmc olur.Pestisit ya da herbisitlerin renklendirilmesi genellikle formülasyondaki kuru toz katklarla kromatik Pigment Orta Kromlerin kartrlmasyla yaplr. Burada viticultural mantar ilaçlar ile iyi giden milori mavi Pigment Orta Krom en popüler bir Pigment Orta Kromtir. Burada kullanlabilecek öteki Pigment Orta Kromler ise lithol rubin krmz, ftalosiyanin mavi gibi Pigment Orta Kromlerdir. Ürün koruma sanayinde kullanlan öteki renklendiriciler olarak

Solvent Renklendiriciler (Solvent Dyes), Asit Renklendiriciler (Asit Dyes), ya da Bazik Renklendiriciler (Basic Dyes), iyi birer alternatif saylabilir.

Gübre Sanayi: Gübreler, niteliklerini ayrt etmek ve uygulamalarda her türlü hatalar önlemek için çounlukla renklendirilirler. Bunun yannda gübreler tümüyle pazarlama amacyla da renklendirilirler. Genellikle seyreltilmi olarak su bazl Pigment Orta Krom pastalar kullanlr ve gübre üzerine püskürtülürler ya da bazen de eritilerek kartrlrlar.

Tohum Kaplama Sanayi: Tohum kaplamada renklendirmenin ana amac, iaretleme ve uyar bilgilendirimiyapmak için kullanmaktr.

Herhangi bir tür karkln önlemek ve hayvan yemi olarak kullanlp bitirilmediinden emin olmak için kullanlr. Burada kullanlan en önemli renklendirici krmzdr ve tipik kullanm konsantrasyonu 600 ppm’dir.

Ojenizi ve Pigment Orta Kromi bir metal çubuk yardm ile kartarak trnaklarnza sürün. Eer Pigment Orta Kromi sadece trnak uçlarnza uygulamak istiyorsanz, ilk olarak ojenizi sürün ve kurumadan Pigment Orta Kromi trnak uçlarnza uygulayn.

Pigment Orta Kromli ltl dudaklar siz de gece katldnz partilere giderken uygulayabilirsiniz. Bunun için effaf dudak parlatcnz Pigment Orta Krom ile kartrn ve dudak frças ile dudaklarnza sürün ya da ilk olarak dudaklarnza parlatcy sürdükten sonra parmaklarnz ile Pigment Orta Kromi dudaklarnza uygulayn.

Far baz kullanlarak uygulanmas hem sabitleme hem de renk verme açsndan çok daha iyi sonuç almanz salar.

Elenceli kirpikler için renkli ve ltl Pigment Orta Kromleri maskara olarak kullanabilirsiniz. Bunun için kullanmak istediiniz Pigment Orta Kromi temiz maskara ile kartrn.

Allk frçanza Pigment Orta Krom sürün ve yanaklarnza allk olarak uygulayn. Eer sürdüünüz miktar kontrol etmek istiyorsanz az miktarda Pigment Orta Krom ve nemlendiricinizi kartrarak krem allk oluturabilirsiniz.

Temiz eyeliner frçanz slatn ve kullanmak istediiniz renkteki Pigment Orta Krome sürün. Pigment Orta Kromli eyeliner frçasn mümkün olduu kadar kirpik tiplerinize yakn bir ekilde sürerek göz kapanza eyeliner olarak uygulayn. Gözlerinize dramatik bir etki vermek için koyu renkte Pigment Orta Kromi alt kirpik çizginize uygulayabilirsiniz.

Az miktarda ltl Pigment Orta Kromi frçaya sürün ve elmack kemikleri, burun kemii, dudak üstünüz ve boyun bölgenize aydnlatc olarak uygulayn. Bu sayede cildinize taze aydnlk bir görünüm verin.

Pigment Orta Krom, tüm nesnelerin renklerini oluturan moleküllerdir. Pigment Orta Krom moleküllerinin harekete geçmesi için belirli bir enerji gereklidir. Renklerin olumasndaki dier tüm aamalarda olduu gibi, Pigment Orta Kromlerle k arasnda da iliki vardr; dünyaya ulaan güne , canllarda renk molekülü olarak bilinen söz konusu Pigment Orta Krom molekülleri için önemli rol oynar.

Gözün retinasnda bulunan koni hücrelerinin üç ana rengi (krmz (%60), yeil (%30) ve mavi (%10) ) alglamasnn nedeni de içlerinde bulunan özel Pigment Orta Krom molekülleridir. Pigment Orta Kromlerin renkler için gerçekletirdikleri en hayati ilem, kendilerine gelen n renk enerjisini elektrik sinyaline çevirmeleridir; insan gözünde renk diye tanmlanan olgular aslnda gözde bulunan Pigment Orta Kromlerin kendilerine gelen n dalga boyunu elektrik sinyali olarak beyne iletmeleridir. Görünür n sahip olduu enerji düzeyi, canllarn derilerinde, derilerini kaplayan pullarnda, tüylerinde veya kürklerinde bulunan Pigment Orta Krom moleküllerini harekete geçirmek için gereken enerji düzeyine eittir. Görünür n aral içinde olan ve belirli renklere karlk gelen dalga boylar bu Pigment Orta Kromleri harekete geçirerek canllarn renklerini oluturur. Çiçeklerin yapraklarndaki renk çeitliliinin nedeni ise, yaplarnda bulunan Pigment Orta Krom moleküllerinin a kar verdikleri tepkidir.

Canllarda bulunan Pigment Orta Kromlerin (biyolojik Pigment Orta Kromler) bazlar doaldr. Birkaç zehirlidir, bir bölümü hücrelerde dejenerasyon ve sonunda fibrozis yapar. Pigment Orta Kromlerin bir bölümü çevre kirliliinin sonucudur, birkaç da ölen hücrelerin kalntlardr.

Pigment Orta Krom (boya) gruplar

Pigment Orta Kromler

Pigment Orta Krom, tüm nesnelerin renklerini oluturan moleküllerdir. Pigment Orta Krom moleküllerinin harekete geçmesi için belirli bir enerji gereklidir. Renklerin olumasndaki dier tüm aamalarda olduu gibi, Pigment Orta Kromlerle k arasnda da iliki vardr. Zira dünyaya ulaan güne , canllarda renk molekülü olarak bilinen söz konusu Pigment Orta Krom molekülleri için önemli rol oynar.

Gözün retinasnda bulunan koni hücrelerinin üç ana rengi (krmz, sar ve mavi) alglamasnn nedeni de içlerinde bulunan özel Pigment Orta Krom molekülleridir.

Pigment Orta Kromlerin renkler için gerçekletirdikleri en hayati ilem, kendilerine gelen n renk enerjisini elektrik sinyaline çevirmeleridir. Yani insan gözünde renk diye tanmlanan her ey aslnda gözde bulunan Pigment Orta Kromlerin kendilerine gelen n dalga boyunu elektrik sinyali olarak beyne iletmeleridir.

Görünür n sahip olduu enerji düzeyi, canllarn derilerinde, derilerini kaplayan pullarnda, tüylerinde veya kürklerinde bulunan Pigment Orta Krom moleküllerini harekete geçirmek için gereken enerji düzeyine eittir. Görünür n aral içinde olan ve belirli renklere karlk gelen dalga boylar bu Pigment Orta Kromleri harekete geçirerek canllarn renklerini oluturur.

Çiçeklerin yapraklarndaki renk çeitliliinin nedeni ise, yaplarnda bulunan Pigment Orta Krom moleküllerinin a kar verdikleri tepkidir.

Ksacas, canllarn hem görme merkezlerinde hem de vücutlarnda bulunan Pigment Orta Kromler, ileyen dier vücut sistemleriyle birlikte tam bir uyum halindedir. Bir canlnn görme merkezinde özel bir Pigment Orta Krom molekülünün bulunmamas veya gerektiinden az bulunmas, onun çevresindeki renkleri ayrt edememesine (Renk körlüü) neden olur.

Pigment Orta Krom Nedir?

Sv çözeltide boyalarn aksine ince partiküllü suda çözünmeyen bir madde (saf Pigment Orta Krom) veya bileiktir(Pigment Orta Krom karm).

Mineral Pigment Orta Kromler, organik Pigment Orta Kromler ve metalik Pigment Orta Kromler olarak bulunurlar.

Mineral Pigment Orta Kromler (Oksitler, Hidroksitler, Metal Tuzlar)

“Doal” Pigment Orta Kromler, okralar gibi doal toprak Pigment Orta Kromleridir ve yalnzca kalsinasyon ve/veya karm prosesleri geçirirler.

“Sentetik” Pigment Orta Kromler, birkaç malzeme arasnda termal ve/veya kimyasal reaksiyon sonucu ile elde edilirler. “Yeil Kimya” olarak adlandrlan süreçlerdir. Doal Pigment Orta Kromlerden daha az mat tonlarndadrlar.

Mineral Pigment Orta Kromlerin genel özellikleri:

Ik ve hava koullarnda kar mükemmel dayankllk

Suya, asitlere, alkalilere kar yüksek direnç

yi boyama gücü

Yüksek örtme gücü

Tebeirlenmeye kar daha iyi direnç

Organik Pigment Orta Kromler (azo Pigment Orta Kromleri, ftalosiyanin, kinakridonlar)

Günümüzde organik Pigment Orta Kromler azo Pigment Orta Kromleri (sar, yeil, mor), ftalosiyaninler (mavi, yeil) ve kinakridonlar (krmz, mor) ‘dr. Mineral Pigment Orta Kromlere kyasla daha fazla renklenme gücü vardr, ancak daha effaftrlar. Ia kar dirençleri daha azdr.

Metal Pigment Orta Kromler (bronz, bakr, gümü, altn …)

Metalik Pigment Orta Kromler, püskürtme yoluyla veya kimyasal çöktürme yoluyla elde edilen toz formundaki metaller veya alamlardr.

Nasl Kullanlr?

Pigment Orta Kromler mimaride kireç, çimento, kireç suyu, kazein, mum, ya gibi balayclarla kullanlarak boya üretiminde kullanlr.

Sanat boyalar üretiminde keten tohumu ya, Arap zamk, akrilik balayc, yumurta gibi balayclar ile birlikte kullanlr.

Mineral, doal ve sentetik Pigment Orta Kromler açk havaya (d cephe, teras, beton zeminler…) dayankldrlar. Elbette kapal mekanlarda (iç cephe, ahap duvar, mobilya) da kullanlrlar.

Organik Pigment Orta Kromler özellikle iç dekorasyon ve yaratc hobilerde kullanlmaktadr.

Sonsuz renk tonu elde etmek için tüm Pigment Orta Kromler birbirleri ile kartrlabilir. Pigment Orta Kromlerin kullanm miktarlar balayc cinsine göre deimektedir.

Kaliteli bir Pigment Orta Krom seçin!

Ik Kararll

Uzun süre a maruz brakldktan sonra renklenmenin younluunu muhafaza etme özelliidir. Doal mineral Pigment Orta Kromler en iyi UV stabilitesine sahiptir.

Renk Gücü

Bir Pigment Orta Kromin kendi rengini balaycda veya Pigment Orta Krom karm içinde iletebilme yeteneidir. Baz organik Pigment Orta Kromler mineral Pigment Orta Kromlerden iki kat renklendirir.

Örtme Gücü

Belirli bir konsantrasyon için bir balaycdaki bir Pigment Orta Kromin örtücülüü (veya kontrast gücü-opaklatrc güç) gücü, iki zt alanda siyah-beyaz bir destein yüzeyini örtme kabiliyeti ile ölçülür. “Opak Pigment Orta Kromler” veya “effaf Pigment Orta Kromler” olarak tanmlanr, fakat tanelerin incelii ayn zamanda kaplama gücü ve Pigment Orta Krom / balayc dozaj üzerinde büyük bir etkiye sahiptir. Organik Pigment Orta Kromler oldukça effaf iken mineral Pigment Orta Kromler daha opak olma eilimindedir.

Kurutma Gücü

Bir Pigment Orta Kromin kullanlan bir balayc yan kurutulmasn hzlandrma kabiliyetidir. Bu, özellikle yalarn ve öütme ortamlarnn seçiminde önemlidir. Bir Pigment Orta Krom, kurutma özelliine sahip olan mineral bileikleri içerebilir. Öte yandan, baz Pigment Orta Kromler kurutmay geciktirebilir.

Keten tohumu ya kullanmnda Pigment Orta Kromlerin kurutma özellikleri;

Kurutma gücü yüksek Pigment Orta Kromler: mangan Pigment Orta Kromleri

Kurutma gücü orta Pigment Orta Kromler: krmz, sar veya siyah demir oksitler

Kurutma gücü az Pigment Orta Kromler: Ultramarin Pigment Orta Kromler, yeil toprak

Kurutmay geciktiren Pigment Orta Kromler: Kalsinasyon siyah

Younluk

Bütün Pigment Orta Kromler farkl younluktadr.

Toksisite

Firmamz insan ve çevre için güvenli, toksik içermeyen geni bir Pigment Orta Krom yelpazesi sunmaktadr. Ancak toz halindeki maddeler, kolayca solunabilecek inceliinden ötürü soluma tehlikesi oluturmaktadr. Pigment Orta Kromleri kullanrken maske takmanz öneririz ve çocuklarn eriiminden uzak tutunuz.

PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME (PGMENT ORTA KROM)

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PIGMENT MIDDLE CHROME (PGMENT ORTA KROM)

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