POLOXAMER(POLOKSAMER/PLURONIC)

POLOXAMER (POLOKSAMER/PLURONIC)

CAS NO : 9003-11-6

SYNONYMS:

Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer; Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymer; Oxirane; methyl-; polymer with oxirane; Oxirane; methyl-; polymer with; oxirane; block; Pluronic F 38; Pluronic F108; Pluronic F127; Pluronic F68; Pluronic F77; Pluronic L44; Pluronic L62; Pluronic L64; Pluronic P103; Pluronic P104; Pluronic P105; Poloksamer-101; poloksamer- 105; Poloksamer- 108; Poloxamer- 122; Poloksamer- 123; Poloksamer- 124; Poloksamer-181; Poloksamer-182; Poloksamer-183; Poloxamer- 184; Poloksamer-185; Poloksamer- 188; Poloxamer- 212; Poloksamer-215; Poloksamer-; Poloksamer-217 Poloksamer- 234; Poloksamer- 235; Poloksamer- 237; Poloksamer-238; Poloksamer-282; Poloksamer-284; PPoloksamer-r 288; Poloxamer- 331; Poloxamer- 333; Poloxamer- 334; Poloksamer-335; Poloxamer- 338; Poloksamer-401; Poloksamer-402; Poloksamer- 402; Poloxamer-s Poloxamer- 101; Poloxamer- 105; Poloxamer- 108; Poloxamer- 122; Poloxamer- 123; Poloxamer- 124; Poloxamer- 181; Poloxamer- 182; Poloxamer- 183; Poloxamer- 184; Poloxamer- 185; Poloxamer- 188; Poloxamer- 212; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer; Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymer Poloxamer- 215; Poloxamer- 217; Poloxamer- 231; Ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer dipropylene glycol ; oxide block copolymer ether with ethylene glycol; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymer; Poloxamer- 234; Poloxamer- 235; Poloxamer- 237; Poloxamer- 238; Poloxamer- 282; Poloxamer- 284; Poloxamer- 288; Poloxamer- 331; Poloxamer- 333; Poloxamer- 334; Poloxamer- 335; Poloxamer- 338; Ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer dipropylene glycol ; oxide block copolymer ether with ethylene glycol; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymer; Poloxamer- 401; Poloxamer- 402; Poloxamer- 403; Poloxamer- 407; Poloxamer- 105; Pluronic P123; Pluronic P65; Pluronic P84; Pluronic P85; Poloxamer-188; Tergitol XH; Ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer dipropylene glycol ; oxide block copolymer ether with ethylene glycol; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymer; F 108; F 127; F 77; F 87; F 88; Lutrol F; Methyloxirane polymer with oxirane block; P 103; P 104; P 105; P 123; P 65; P 84; P 85; Pluracare; Pluronic; Pluronic L 61; Poloxamer; Poloxamer 188; Polyoxamer 108; Polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer; Propylene oxide ethylene oxide block polymer; Slovanik M-640; Tergitol nonionic XH; (Poloksamer(Pluronic)101; poloksamer(Pluronic) 105; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124; Poloksamer(Pluronic)181; Poloksamer(Pluronic)182; Poloksamer(Pluronic)183; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184; Poloksamer(Pluronic)185; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212; Poloksamer(Pluronic)215; Poloksamer(Pluronic); Poloksamer(Pluronic)217 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237; Poloksamer(Pluronic)238; Poloksamer(Pluronic)282; Poloksamer(Pluronic)284; PPoloksamer(Pluronic)r 288; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334; Poloksamer(Pluronic)335; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338; Poloksamer(Pluronic)401; Poloksamer(Pluronic)402; Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402; Poloxamer(Pluronic)s Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer; Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymer; Oxirane; methyl-; polymer with oxirane; Oxirane; methyl-; polymer with; oxirane; block; Pluronic F 38; Pluronic F108; Pluronic F127; Pluronic F68; Pluronic F77; Pluronic L44; Pluronic L62; Pluronic L64; Pluronic P103; Pluronic P104; Pluronic P105; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108; Ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer dipropylene glycol ; oxide block copolymer ether with ethylene glycol; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer; Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymerEthylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymer; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183; Ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer dipropylene glycol ; oxide block copolymer ether with ethylene glycol; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymer; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer; Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronc; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer; Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymerPoloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymer Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer; Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymerPoloxamer(Pluronic) 282; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331; Ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block ; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer dipropylene glycol ; oxide block copolymer ether with ethylene glycol; Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymer; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403; and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407; Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105; Poloxamer; Poloksamer; 9003-11-6;Poloxamer;Poloksamer; Poloksamer; Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol); Pluronic; Pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronc; Poloksamer-pluronic; Poloxamer;pluronic; poloxamer;pluronc; poloxamer-pluronic; poloxamer-pluronc; alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene)a-poly(oxopropylene)b-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymer;

POLOXAMER (POLOKSAMER/PLURONC)

Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word Poloxamer(Pluronic) was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, Pluronic, and Kolliphor.

Poloxamer(Pluronic) comes in many different forms and grades, including Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 Surfactant, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 NF, 124 Grade, 338 NF, and more. Spectrum Chemical has exactly the form and grade of Poloxamer(Pluronic) for your lab needs. Poloxamer(Pluronic) is a nonionic triblock copolymer. It is made up of a main hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene bordered on each side by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene.

Because the lengths of the polymer blocks can be customized, many different Poloxamer(Pluronic)s exist that have slightly different properties. For the generic term Poloxamer(Pluronic), these copolymers are commonly named with the letter P (for Poloxamer(Pluronic)) followed by three digits: the first two digits multiplied by 100 give the approximate molecular mass of the polyoxypropylene core, and the last digit multiplied by 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g. P407 = Poloxamer(Pluronic) with a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 4000 g/mo} Poloxamer(Pluronic) and a 70% polyoxyethylene content). For the Pluronic and Synperonic tradenames, coding of these copolymers starts with a letter to define Poloxamer(Pluronic)’s physical form at room temperature (L = liquid, P = paste, F = flake (solid)) followed by two or three digits, The first digit (two digits in a three-digit number) in the numerical designation, multiplied by 300, indicates the approximate molecular weight of the hydrophobe; and the last digit x 10 gives the percentage polyoxyethylene content (e.g., L61 indicates a polyoxypropylene molecular mass of 1800 g/mol and a 10% polyoxyethylene content). In the example given, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181 (P181) = Pluronic L61 and Synperonic PE/L 61. Work led by Kabanov has recently shown that some of these polymers, originally thought to be inert carrier molecules, have a very real effect on biological systems independently of the drug they are transporting. The Poloxamer(Pluronic)s have been shown to incorporate into cellular membranes affecting the microviscosity of the membranes. The polymers seem to have the greatest effect when absorbed by the cell as an unimer rather than as a micelle. ). Poloxamer(Pluronic) comes in many different forms and grades, including Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 Surfactant, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 NF, 124 Grade, 338 NF, and more. Spectrum Chemical has exactly the form and grade of Poloxamer(Pluronic) for your lab needs. Poloxamer(Pluronic) is a nonionic triblock copolymer. It is made up of a main hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene bordered on each side by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene.

Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic compounds that contains a large group of copolymers surfactants formed by chains of ethylene oxide block (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) (OEx–POy–OEx). Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word Poloxamer(Pluronic) was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, Pluronic, and Kolliphor.

Poloxamer(Pluronic)s have been shown to preferentially target cancer cells, due to differences in the membrane of these cells when compared to noncancer cells. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s have also been shown to inhibit MDR proteins and other drug efflux transporters on the surface of cancer cells; the MDR proteins are responsible for the efflux of drugs from the cells and hence increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word Poloxamer(Pluronic) was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, Pluronic, and Kolliphor.

The Poloxamer(Pluronic)s have also been shown to enhance proto-apoptotic signaling, decrease anti-apoptoic defense in MDR cells, inhibit the glutathione/glutathione S-transferase detoxification system, induce the release of cytochrome C, increase reactive oxygen species in the cytoplasm, and abolish drug sequestering within cytoplasmic vesicles.

An important characteristic of Poloxamer(Pluronic) solutions is their temperature dependent self-assembling and thermo-gelling behavior. Concentrated aqueous solutions of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are Poloxamer(Pluronic)s and poloxamines are also known as macromolecules, respectively. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are a family of more than 50 different amphiphilic nonionic block polymers of hydrophobic propylene oxide (PO) and hydrophilic ethylene oxide (EO), covering a range of liquids, pastes and solids. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s consist of a central polyoxypropylene (POP) molecule, which is flanked on both sides by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (POE). A slightly different structure is exhibited by the poloxamines, which are tetrafunctional block copolymers with four POE–POP blocks joined together by a central ethylene diamine bridgeliquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in Poloxamer(Pluronic)s depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio). In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. Assessment of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate as Used in Cosmetics. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are Poloxamer(Pluronic) Poloxamer(Pluronic) 68, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 88, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 98, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407. Poloxamer(Pluronic) comes in many different forms and grades, including Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 Surfactant, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 NF, 124 Grade, 338 NF, and more. Spectrum Chemical has exactly the form and grade of Poloxamer(Pluronic) for your lab needs. Poloxamer(Pluronic) is a nonionic triblock copolymer. It is made up of a main hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene bordered on each side by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene.

The phase transitions can also be largely influenced by the use of additives such as salts and alcohols. The interactions with salts are related to their ability to act as water structure makers (salting-out) or water structure breakers (salting-in). Salting-out salts increase the self-hydration of water through hydrogen bonding and reduce the hydration of the copolymers, thus reducing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. Salting-in electrolytes reduce the water self-hydration and increase the polymer hydration, therefore increasing the critical micelle temperature and critical micelle concentration. The different salts have been categorized by the Hofmeister series according to their ‘salting-out’ power. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). The word Poloxamer(Pluronic) was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for these materials in 1973.Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also known by the trade names Synperonics, Pluronic, and Kolliphor. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s and poloxamines are also known as macromolecules, respectively. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are a family of more than 50 different amphiphilic nonionic block polymers of hydrophobic propylene oxide (PO) and hydrophilic ethylene oxide (EO), covering a range of liquids, pastes and solids. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s consist of a central polyoxypropylene (POP) molecule, which is flanked on both sides by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (POE). A slightly different structure is exhibited by the poloxamines, which are tetrafunctional block copolymers with four POE–POP blocks joined together by a central ethylene diamine bridgeliquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in Poloxamer(Pluronic)s depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio). In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. Different phase diagrams characterizing all these transitions have been constructed for most Poloxamer(Pluronic)s using a great variety of experimental techniques (e.g. SAXS, Poloxamer(Pluronic)s (Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene. The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer . For example, the smallest polymer, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids. In cosmetics and personal care products, Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve. They also clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away. Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 kills microorganisms, or prevents or inhibits their growth and reproduction. Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate acts as a lubricant on the skin’s surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance.Differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity measurements, light scattering). Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) available in different molecular weights and PPO/PEO ratios. The presence of PEO and PPO blocks in a single polymer chain gives rise to essentially amphiphilic molecules whose self-assembling properties display a wide range of phase behavior. This ability to form micelles and liquid-crystalline phases is strongly temperature dependent since increasing the temperature allows self-association which decreases the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The word ‘Poloxamer(Pluronic)’ was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for Poloxamer(Pluronic)s in 1973. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also known by their trade name Pluronics. Concentrated Poloxamer(Pluronic) solutions in water undergo thermoreversible sol–gel transition by the micellar mechanism.115 Thermosensitive sol–gels of the commercial Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 have been suggested for use in short-term treatments such as pain management, infection treatment, fertility control, and in topical drug delivery. Solutions of Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 (∼25%) are viscous liquids below 25 °C; at body temperature Poloxamer(Pluronic)s form a semisolid gel. Weak mechanic strength, relatively high solubility in body fluids, and nonbiodegradability are the main hurdles for the use of Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 in cell delivery systems. Introduction of the carbonate linkage between Poloxamer(Pluronic) ‘blocks’ and linking of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s into structures of a higher molecular mass118 Poloxamer(Pluronic) were attempted to overcome these disadvantages. Poloxamer(Pluronic) is an amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyelene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO). Poloxamer(Pluronic)s and poloxamine nonionic surfactants have diverse applications in various biomedical fields ranging from drug delivery and medical imaging to management of vascular diseases and disorders.

Another important property of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s is their thermogelling behaviour: in fact, water dispersions of some of these polymers are generally in the liquid phase at low temperatures but become a strong gel at increased temperatures.

Certain Poloxamer(Pluronic)s such as P85 have been shown not only to be able to transport target genes to target cells, but also to increase gene expression. Certain Poloxamer(Pluronic)s, such as P85 and L61, have also been shown to stimulate transcription of NF kappaB genes, although the mechanism by which this is achieved is currently unknown, bar that P85 has been shown to induce phosphorylation of the inhibitory kappa.

An important characteristic of Poloxamer(Pluronic) solutions is their temperature dependent self-assembling and thermo-gelling behavior. Concentrated aqueous solutions of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are liquid at low temperature and form a gel at higher temperature in a reversible process. The transitions that occur in these systems depend on the polymer composition (molecular weight and hydrophilic/hydrophobic molar ratio).

Poloxamer(Pluronic) xa ya za Pluronic no.b

Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101 2 16 2 L-31 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 11 16 11 L-35 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108 46 16 46 F-38

Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122 5 21 5 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123 7 21 7 L-43 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124 11 21 11 L-44

Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181 3 30 3 L-61 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 8 30 8 L-62 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183 10 30 10 —

Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184 13 30 13 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185 19 30 19 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 75 30 75 F-68

Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212 8 35 8 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215 24 35 24 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217 52 35 52 F-77

Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231 6 39 6 L-81 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234 22 39 22 P-84 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235 27 39 27 P-85

Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237 62 39 62 F-77 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238 97 39 97 F-87 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282 10 47 10 L-92 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284 21 47 21 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288 122 47 122 F-98 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331 7 54 7 L-101

Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333 20 54 20 P-103 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334 31 54 31 P-104 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335 38 54 38 P-105

Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338 128 54 128 F-108 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401 6 67 6 L-121 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402 13 67 13 —

Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403 21 67 21 P-12 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 98 67 98 F-127

Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene. The word ‘Poloxamer(Pluronic)’ was coined by the inventor, Irving Schmolka, who received the patent for Poloxamer(Pluronic)s in 1973. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also known by their trade name Pluronics. Concentrated Poloxamer(Pluronic) solutions in water undergo thermoreversible sol–gel transition by the micellar mechanism.115 Thermosensitive sol–gels of the commercial Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 have been suggested for use in short-term treatments such as pain management, infection treatment, fertility control, and in topical drug delivery. Solutions of Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 (∼25%) are viscous liquids below 25 °C; at body temperature Poloxamer(Pluronic)s form a semisolid gel. Weak mechanic strength, relatively high solubility in body fluids, and nonbiodegradability are the main hurdles for the use of Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 in cell delivery systems. Introduction of the carbonate linkage between Poloxamer(Pluronic) ‘blocks’ and linking of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s into structures of a higher molecular mass118 Poloxamer(Pluronic) were attempted to overcome these disadvantages. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s (Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene. The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer . For example, the smallest polymer, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids. In cosmetics and personal care products, Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products.Poloxamer(Pluronic) is an amphiphilic block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethyelene oxide) triblock copolymer (PEO-PPO-PEO). Formulation and characterization of Poloxamer(Pluronic) thermoreversible gel containing polymeric microparticles and hyaluronic acid. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) available in different molecular weights and PPO/PEO ratios. Poloxamer(Pluronic) is composed of triblock copolymers of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-polypropylene oxide (PPO)-polyethylene oxide (PEO). In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are Poloxamer(Pluronic) Poloxamer(Pluronic) 68, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 88, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 98, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407. Poloxamer(Pluronic) as a nonionic surfactant, the synthetic polymer has been previously used in drug delivery and medical imaging applications Poloxamer(Pluronic) sol-gel reversible hydrogels have attracted the attention for practical biomedical and pharmaceutical applications because of constituents solubility, biocompatibility with biological systems and easy administration of pharmaceutical formulations. The pharmaceutical and biomedical fields covered by the use of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s including solubilization of hydrophobic drugs, controlled release, biomacromolecule delivery (e.g., proteins and genes) and tissue engineering. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified and help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s also clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that Poloxamer(Pluronic)s can be rinsed away. Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 kills microorganisms, or prevents or inhibits their growth and reproduction. Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate acts as a lubricant on the skin’s surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. Poloxamer(Pluronic) with its synonym as polyethylene-propylene glycol copolymer and trade names as Supronic, Pluronic or Tetronic have been introduced in 1950 as a non-ionic triblock copolymer. Assessment of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate as Used in Cosmetics. They were since then very famously used in diverse pharmaceutical applications. Chemically Poloxamer(Pluronic) is α-Hydro-ω-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)a poly (oxypropylene)b poly (oxyethylene)a block copolymer and they consisted of two hydrophilic chains of ethylene oxide chains (PEO) that sandwiched one hydrophobic propylene oxide chain (PPO) giving a chemical formula HO(C2H4O)a(C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH where a and b have the values as shown in the Table 1. The varying length of polymer blocks giving rise to different polymers identified as Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338 and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 showing a slight difference in their properties.

Most applications involve the use of Poloxamer(Pluronic) P407 and include delivery of protein/peptide drugs [25], such as insulin [26], interleukin-2 [27], epidermal growth factor [28], bone morphogenic protein [29], fibroblastic growth factor, and endothelial cell growth factor [30]. Surfactants play an important role in stabilizing proteins in liquid formulations against aggregate/particle formation during processing, handling, storage, and transportation. Only 3 surfactants are currently used in marketed therapeutic protein formulations: polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188. While polysorbates are the most widely used surfactants, their intrinsic oxidative and hydrolytic degradation issues highlights the importance of alternative surfactants such as Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188. Here, we compare polysorbates and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 with regards to their stabilizing properties under various stress and storage conditions for several monoclonal antibody formulations. Our data shows that Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 can provide suitable protection of monoclonal antibodies against interfacial stress in liquid formulations in vials. However, visible protein-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS; silicone oil) particles were observed in vials after long-term storage at 2-8°C for some protein formulations using Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, which were not observed in polysorbate formulations. The occurrence of these protein-PDMS particles in Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 formulations is a protein-specific phenomenon that may correlate with protein physico-chemical properties. In this study, the primary source of the PDMS in particles found in vials was considered to be from the primary packaging stoppers used. Our findings highlight benefits, but also risks associated with using Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 in liquid biotherapeutic formulations. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s (Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate) are polymers made of a block of polyoxyethylene, followed by a block of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block of polyoxyethylene. The average number of units of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene varies based on the number associated with the polymer . For example, the smallest polymer, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, consists of a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene, a block with an average of 16 units of polyoxypropylene, followed by a block with an average of 2 units of polyoxyethylene. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s range from colorless liquids and pastes to white solids. In cosmetics and personal care products, Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in the formulation of skin cleansers, bath products, shampoos, hair conditioners, mouthwashes, eye makeup remover and other skin and hair products.

In recent years these hydrogels have been used as carriers for most routes of administration, the most interesting are discussed below. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are polymers used for drug delivery as formulation excipients. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are used in pharmaceutical formulations as surfactants, emulsifying agents, solubilizing agent, dispersing agents, and as in vivo absorbance enhancers. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s are also used in topical dosage forms and rectal suppositories. The common available grades are Poloxamer(Pluronic) Poloxamer(Pluronic) 68, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 88, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 98, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407. Poloxamer(Pluronic)s and poloxamine nonionic surfactants have diverse applications in various biomedical fields ranging from drug delivery and medical imaging to management of vascular diseases and disorders. Safety Assessment of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s Poloxamer(Pluronic) 101, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 215, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 231, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 403, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate, and Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate as Used in Cosmetics.

Product category Number of formulations Maximum (Total number of formulations) containing ingredient concentration of use (%) (FDA 2002) (FDA 2002) (CTFA 2004a) Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 Hair conditioners (651) 5 — Shaving cream (134) 2 3 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 105 7 3 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181 Moisturizers (905) — 0.005 Other skin care preparations (725) — 6 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 181 — 0.005– 6 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Other bath preparations (196) 1 Eyeliners (548) 1 Lipsticks (962) 1 Shaving cream (134) 1 Paste masks/mud packs (271) — 3 Other skin care preparations (725) — 0.2 Suntan gels, creams, and liquids (131) — 6 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 4 0.2–6 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184 Other bath preparations (196) 11 0.4 Eye makeup remover (100) 9 0.03–0.04 Hair conditioners (651) 6 — Noncoloring shampoos (884) 5 10 Makeup fixatives (20) — 3 Other makeup preparations (201) 1 0.9 Skin cleansing creams, lotions, etc. (775) 27 3–6 Body and hand creams, lotions, etc. (840) 1 0.4 Moisturizers (905) — 0.3 Other skin care preparations (725) 1 3 Suntan gels, creams, liquids (131) — 2 Indoor tanning preparations (71) 1 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184 62 0.03–10 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185 Eye Lotion (25) — 0.5–9 Eye makeup remover (100) — 2 Other Eye Makeup Preparations (125) 1 — Paste Masks (mud packs) (271) 8 — Other skin care preparations (725) — 0.5 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 185 9 0.5–9 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 Eye lotion (25) 1 — Permanent waves (207) 6 — Skin cleansing creams, lotions, etc. (775) 3 1–2 Night creams, lotions, etc. (200) 1 — Other skin care preparations (725) 1 2 Indoor tanning preparations (71) — 0.8 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 188 12 0.8–2 (Table continued on next page) 98 COMESTIC INGREDIENT REVIEW TABLE 4 Frequency and concentration of use of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s (Contiued). Product category Number of formulations Maximum (Total number of formulations) containing ingredient concentration of use (%) (FDA 2002) (FDA 2002) (CTFA 2004a) Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212 Other skin care preparations (725) — 2 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212 — 2 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217 Other personal hygiene products (308) 2 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 217 2 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234 Noncoloring shampoos (884) — 0.1 Hair tonics, dressings, etc. (598) — 0.3–2 Skin cleansing creams, lotions, etc. (775) — 0.5–10 Face and neck creams, lotions, etc. (310) — 0.5–1 Body and hand creams, lotions, etc. (840) — 0.01 Moisturizers (905) — 0.5 Other skin care preparations (725) — 0.5 Other suntan preparations (38) — 0.01 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 234 — 0.01–10 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237 Eye makeup remover (100) 1 — Dentifrices (40) 1 — Mouthwashes and breath fresheners (46) 2 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 237 4 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238 Other bath preparations (196) 1 — Body and hand creams, lotions, etc. (840) 2 — Foot powders and sprays (35) 1 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 238 4 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333 Body and hand creams, lotions, etc. (840) — 1 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333 — 1 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334 Hair tonics, dressings, etc. (598) — 0.3 Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334 — 0.3 Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335 Mouthwashes and breath fresheners (46) 2 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 335 2 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338 Mouthwashes and breath fresheners (46) 2 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338 2 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401 Body and hand creams, lotions, etc. (840) 2 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401 2 — Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 Eye makeup remover (100) — 2 Permanent waves (207) 2 — Other manicuring preparations (55) — 5 Dentifrices (40) — 12–20 Mouthwashes and breath fresheners (46) 18 0.3–1 (Table continued on next page) POLOXAMER(PLURONC)S 99 TABLE 4 Frequency and concentration of use of Poloxamer(Pluronic)s (Continued). Product category Number of formulations Maximum (Total number of formulations) containing ingredient concentration of use (%) (FDA 2002) (FDA 2002) (CTFA 2004a) Other oral hygiene products (6) 1 — Underarm deodorants (247) 6 — Other personal hygiene products (308) 1 — Skin cleansing creams, lotions, etc. (775) — 9 Moisturizers (905) — 1 Skin fresheners (184) — 3 Other skin care preparations (725) 3 — Total uses/ranges for Poloxamer(Pluronic) 407 31 0.3–20

POLOKSAMER (POLOXAMER,PLURONIC)

Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, iki hidrofilik polioksietilen (poli (etilen oksit)) zinciriyle çevrili merkezi bir hidrofobik polioksipropilen (poli (propilen oksit)) zincirinden oluan kopolimerlerdir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler noniyonik triblok kopolimerlerdir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) kelimesi, 1973 ylnda bu malzemeler için patent alan mucit Irving Schmolka tarafndan icat edildi. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler ayrca Synperonics, Pluronic, ve Kolliphor ticari isimleriyle de bilinir. Polimer bloklarn uzunluklar özelletirilebildiinden, biraz farkl özelliklere sahip birçok farkl Poloksamer(Pluronic) mevcuttur. . Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler (Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloksamer(Pluronic)185, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic), Poloksamer(Pluronic)217 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic)282, Poloksamer(Pluronic)284, PPoloksamer(Pluronic)r 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloksamer(Pluronic)401, Poloksamer(Pluronic)402, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402 Benzoat, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoat), bir polioksietilen bloundan, ardndan bir polioksipropilen bloundan, ardndan bir polioksietilen bloundan yaplm polimerlerdir. Genel terim Poloksamer(Pluronic) için, bu kopolimerler genellikle P harfiyle (Poloksamer(Pluronic) için) ve ardndan üç rakamla adlandrlr: 100 ile çarplan ilk iki rakam, polioksipropilen çekirdein yaklak moleküler kütlesini verir ve 10 ile çarplan son rakam, yüzde polioksietilen içerii (örnein, P407 = 4000 g / mo’luk bir polioksipropilen moleküler kütlesi ve% 70 polioksietilen içerii olan Poloksamer(Pluronic)). Poloksamer(Pluronic) Pluronic ve Synperonic ticari adlar için, bu kopolimerlerin kodlanmas, oda scaklnda fiziksel formunu tanmlayan bir harfle balar (L = sv, P = macun, F = pul (kat)) ve ardndan iki veya üç rakam, lk rakam ( üç basamakl bir saydaki iki basamak), 300 ile çarplan saysal atamada hidrofobun yaklak moleküler arln gösterir; ve son rakam x 10, polioksietilen içerii yüzdesini verir (örnein, L61, 1800 g / mol’lük bir polioksipropilen moleküler kütlesini ve% 10’luk bir polioksietilen içeriini belirtir). Verilen örnekte, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 181 (P181) = Pluronic L61 ve Synperonic PE / L 61. Poloksamer(Pluronic) Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloksamer(Pluronic)122, Poloksamer(Pluronic)123, Poloksamer(Pluronic)124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloksamer(Pluronic)184, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloksamer(Pluronic)188, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic)217’nin deerlendirilmesi , Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic)237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloksamer(Pluronic)288, Poloksamer(Pluronic)331, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402 Kozmetiklerde Kullanlan Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate ve Poloksamer(Pluronic) Dibenzoate. Poloksamer(Pluronic) solüsyonlarnn önemli bir özellii, scakla bal kendiliinden birleme ve syla jelleme davranlardr. Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin konsantre sulu çözeltileri, düük scaklkta svdr ve tersine çevrilebilir bir ilemde daha yüksek scaklkta bir jel oluturur. Bu sistemlerde meydana gelen geçiler, polimer bileimine (moleküler arlk ve hidrofilik / hidrofobik molar oran) baldr.

Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, emülsiyon haline getirilecek maddelerin yüzey gerilimini azaltarak emülsiyonlar oluturmaya yardmc olur ve dier bileenlerin normalde çözünmeyecekleri bir çözücü içinde çözünmesine yardmc olur. Suyun ya ve kir ile karmasna yardmc olarak cildi ve saç da temizler, böylece durulanabilir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188, mikroorganizmalar öldürür veya büyümelerini ve çoalmalarn önler veya inhibe eder. Poloxamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoat, cilt yüzeyinde kayganlatrc görevi görerek cilde yumuak ve pürüzsüz bir görünüm kazandrr.

. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler (Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloksamer(Pluronic)185, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic), Poloksamer(Pluronic)217 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic)282, Poloksamer(Pluronic)284, PPoloksamer(Pluronic)r 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloksamer(Pluronic)401, Poloksamer(Pluronic)402, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402 Benzoat, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoat), bir polioksietilen bloundan, ardndan bir polioksipropilen bloundan, ardndan bir polioksietilen bloundan yaplm polimerlerdir. Düük scaklklarda ve konsantrasyonlarda (kritik misel scaklnn ve kritik misel konsantrasyonunun altnda), çözelti içinde ayr blok Poloksamer(Pluronic) kopolimerler (unimerler) mevcuttur. Bu deerlerin üzerinde, miselletirme ad verilen bir süreçte tek tek unimerlerin toplanmas meydana gelir. Bu agregasyon, polimer konsantrasyonu veya scaklk arttkça giderek daha az çözünür hale gelen hidrofobik polioksipropilen blounun dehidrasyonu tarafndan yönlendirilir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) PPO bloklarnn çözücü ile etkileimlerini en aza indirmek için birkaç unimerin toplanmas gerçekleir. Bu nedenle, agregalarn çekirdei çözünmez bloklardan (polioksipropilen) yaplrken, çözünür ksm (polioksietilen) misellerin kabuunu oluturur. Tükürük proteinlerinden Lizozim ve Laktoferrin içeren bir preparatn küçük çocuklarda di çürüklerinin önlenmesi için bir çözüm getirebilecei düünülmü, Poloksamer(Pluronic) tayc sistemler kullanlarak gelitirilen yeni bir formulasyonun topikal uygulamalarnn az hastalklarnn tedavisinde etkili olduu görülmütür. Bu nedenle, Lizozim, Laktoferrin ve tayc sistem olarak Pluronic F-127 isimli Poloksamer(Pluronic) kullanlan, di çürüüne neden olduu bilinen Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mutans ve Lactobacillus acidophilus bakteri sular üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkileri kantlanm farkl formulasyonlar gelitirilmitir. Bu çalmann amac, yeni gelitirilmi bu formulasyonlarn biyouyumluluklarnn klorheksidin jel ile karlatrmal olarak in vitro koullarda deerlendirilmesidir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloksamer(Pluronic)122, Poloksamer(Pluronic)123, Poloksamer(Pluronic)124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloksamer(Pluronic)184, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloksamer(Pluronic)188, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic)217’nin deerlendirilmesi , Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic)237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloksamer(Pluronic)288, Poloksamer(Pluronic)331, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402 Kozmetiklerde Kullanlan Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate ve Poloksamer(Pluronic) Dibenzoate. Çalmamzda kullanlan formulasyonlar: (1) pH:5.0 Sorensen’s Tampon Çözeltisi, (2) %20 a/h Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 jel, (3) %10 a/h Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 jel, (4) Lizozim ve Laktoferrinin %20 konsantrasyondaki Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 ile birletirilmesiyle, (5) 4. grubun MK deeri olacak ekilde Lizozim ve Laktoferrinin %10 konsantrasyondaki Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 ile birletirilmesiyle, (6) Sorensen’s Çözeltisi (pH:7.0) negatif kontrol olarak, (7) Lizozim ve Laktoferrin tamponda (Sorensen’s Çözeltisi pH:5.0) çözdürülerek yedi grup olarak hazrlanmtr. Genel CAS No. 9003-11-6 tüm Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler için geçerlidir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate ve Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoate CAS numaras yok. Bu polimerler sentetik bloktur etilen oksit ve propilen oksit kopolimerleri. Tp ve aratrma uygulamalarnda, genellikle bir Poloxamer(Pluronic) ticari ad olan blok polimerler olarak anlrlar.

Poloksamer(Pluronic) xa ya za Pluronic no.b

Poloksamer(Pluronic) 101 2 16 2 L-31 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 11 16 11 L-35 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108 46 16 46 F-38

Poloksamer(Pluronic) 122 5 21 5 — Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123 7 21 7 L-43 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124 11 21 11 L-44 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 181 3 30 3 L-61 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 8 30 8 L-62 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 183 10 30 10 —

Poloksamer(Pluronic) 184 13 30 13 — Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185 19 30 19 — Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188 75 30 75 F-68

Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212 8 35 8 — Poloksamer(Pluronic) 215 24 35 24 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 217 52 35 52 F-77

Poloksamer(Pluronic) 231 6 39 6 L-81 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234 22 39 22 P-84 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235 27 39 27 P-85

Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237 62 39 62 F-77 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 238 97 39 97 F-87

Poloksamer(Pluronic) 282 10 47 10 L-92 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 284 21 47 21 — Poloksamer(Pluronic) 288 122 47 122 F-98

Poloksamer(Pluronic) 331 7 54 7 L-101 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333 20 54 20 P-103 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334 31 54 31 P-104 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 335 38 54 38 P-105 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 338 128 54 128 F-108 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 401 6 67 6 L-121

Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402 13 67 13 — Poloksamer(Pluronic) 403 21 67 21 P-123

Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 98 67 98 F-127

Daha çok polaksamer olarak adlandrlr. Orta blok hidrofobik olduundan ve iki uç blok hidrofilik olduundan, Poloksamer(Pluronic), polimer yüzey aktif madde olarak davranr. Polaksamer noniyonik polimer yüzey aktif madde olarak kullanlr. Polaksamerler köpük önleyici maddeler, slatc maddeler, datclar, koyulatrclar ve emülgatörler olarak ilev görebilirler. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, iki hidrofilik polioksietilen (poli (etilen oksit)) zinciriyle çevrili merkezi bir hidrofobik polioksipropilen (poli (propilen oksit)) zincirinden oluan kopolimerlerdir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler noniyonik triblok kopolimerlerdir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) kelimesi, 1973 ylnda bu malzemeler için patent alan mucit Irving Schmolka tarafndan icat edildi. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler ayrca Synperonics, Pluronic, ve Kolliphor ticari isimleriyle de bilinir. Polimer bloklarn uzunluklar özelletirilebildiinden, biraz farkl özelliklere sahip birçok farkl Poloksamer(Pluronic) mevcuttur. Genel terim Poloksamer(Pluronic) için, bu kopolimerler genellikle P harfiyle (Poloksamer(Pluronic) için) ve ardndan üç rakamla adlandrlr: 100 ile çarplan ilk iki rakam, polioksipropilen çekirdein yaklak moleküler kütlesini verir ve 10 ile çarplan son rakam, yüzde polioksietilen içerii (örnein, P407 = 4000 g / mo’luk bir polioksipropilen moleküler kütlesi ve% 70 polioksietilen içerii olan Poloksamer(Pluronic)). Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler (, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic), Poloksamer(Pluronic)217 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic)282, Poloksamer(Pluronic)284, PPoloksamer(Pluronic)r 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloksamer(Pluronic)401, Poloksamer(Pluronic)402, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402 Benzoat, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoat)Poloksamer(Pluronic)101Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloksamer(Pluronic)185, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188, bir polioksietilen bloundan, ardndan bir polioksipropilen bloundan, ardndan bir polioksietilen bloundan yaplm iki hidrofilik polioksietilen (poli (etilen oksit)) zinciriyle çevrili merkezi bir hidrofobik polioksipropilen (poli (propilen oksit)) zincirinden oluan kopolimerlerdir.Polaksamer noniyonik polimer yüzey aktif madde olarak kullanlr. Polaksamerler köpük önleyici maddeler, slatc maddeler, datclar, koyulatrclar ve emülgatörler olarak ilev görebilirler.

Faz geçileri, tuzlar ve alkoller gibi katk maddelerinin kullanmndan da büyük ölçüde etkilenebilir. Tuzlarla etkileimler, su yaps yapclar (tuzlama) veya su yaps krclar (tuzlama) olarak hareket etme yetenekleriyle ilgilidir. Tuzsuz tuzlar, hidrojen ba yoluyla suyun kendi kendine hidrasyonunu arttrr ve kopolimerlerin hidrasyonunu azaltr, böylece kritik misel scakln ve kritik misel konsantrasyonunu azaltr. Tuzlama elektrolitleri suyun kendi kendine hidrasyonunu azaltr ve polimer hidrasyonunu artrr, bu nedenle kritik misel scakln ve kritik misel konsantrasyonunu artrr. Farkl tuzlar, Hofmeister serisi tarafndan ‘tuzlama’ güçlerine göre snflandrlmtr. Tüm bu geçileri karakterize eden farkl faz diyagramlar, çok çeitli deneysel teknikler (örnein SAXS, Diferansiyel tarama kalorimetrisi, viskozite ölçümleri, k saçlm) kullanlarak çou Poloksamer(Pluronic) için oluturulmutur.

Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin, membranlarn mikro viskozitesini etkileyen hücresel membranlara dahil olduklar gösterilmitir. Polimerler, hücre tarafndan bir miselden ziyade bir unimer olarak emildiinde en büyük etkiye sahip gibi görünmektedir. “Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, iki hidrofilik polioksietilen zinciri ile çevrili merkezi bir hidrofobik polioksipropilen zincirinden oluan noniyonik triblok kopolimerlerdir. “Poloksamer(Pluronic)” kelimesi, 1973 ylnda Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler için patent alan mucit Irving Schmolka tarafndan icat edildi. Poloksamer(Pluronic) Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloksamer(Pluronic)122, Poloksamer(Pluronic)123, Poloksamer(Pluronic)124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloksamer(Pluronic)184, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloksamer(Pluronic)188, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic)217’nin deerlendirilmesi , Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic)237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloksamer(Pluronic)288, Poloksamer(Pluronic)331, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402 Kozmetiklerde Kullanlan Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate ve Poloksamer(Pluronic) Dibenzoate.Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler ayrca Pluronics ticari adlaryla da bilinirler. Sudaki konsantre Poloksamer(Pluronic) çözeltileri, misel mekanizma tarafndan syla tersine çevrilebilir sol-jel geçiine urar.115 Ticari Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407’nin sya duyarl sol-jelleri, ar yönetimi, enfeksiyon tedavisi, dourganlk gibi ksa süreli tedavilerde kullanm için önerilmitir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 çözeltileri (-% 25), 25 ° C’nin altndaki viskoz svlardr; vücut scaklnda yar kat bir jel olutururlar. Poloksamer(Pluronic) Zayf mekanik mukavemet, vücut svlarnda nispeten yüksek çözünürlük ve biyolojik olarak parçalanmama, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407’nin hücre iletim sistemlerinde kullanmnn önündeki ana engellerdir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) “bloklar” arasndaki karbonat balantsnn eklenmesi ve Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin daha yüksek moleküler kütleli yaplara balanmas118, bu dezavantajlarn üstesinden gelmek için denendi. Poloksamer(Pluronic), poli (etilen oksit) -poli (propilen oksit) -poli (etiyelen oksit) triblok kopolimerden (PEO-PPO-PEO) oluan amfifilik bir blok kopolimerdir.

Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin, kanser d hücrelere kyasla bu hücrelerin zarlarndaki farkllklar nedeniyle, tercihli olarak kanser hücrelerini hedefledii gösterilmitir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin ayrca MDR proteinlerini ve kanser hücrelerinin yüzeyindeki dier ilaç da ak tayclarn inhibe ettii gösterilmitir; MDR proteinleri, ilaçlarn hücrelerden dar akndan sorumludur ve bu nedenle polaksemerler kanser hücrelerinin doksorubisin gibi kemoterapötik maddelere duyarlln arttrr.

Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin ayrca proto-apoptotik sinyali gelitirdii, MDR hücrelerinde anti-apoptoik savunmay azaltt, glutatyon / glutatyon S-transferaz detoksifikasyon sistemini inhibe ettii, sitokrom C’nin salnmn indükledii, sitoplazmada reaktif oksijen türlerini artrd ve ortadan kaldrd gösterilmitir. sitoplazmik veziküller içinde ilaç sekestrasyonu.

P85 gibi belirli Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin sadece hedef genleri hedef hücrelere tayabildikleri deil, ayn zamanda gen ekspresyonunu da arttrdklar gösterilmitir. P85 ve L61 gibi baz Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin de NF kappaB genlerinin transkripsiyonunu uyard gösterilmitir, ancak bunun gerçekletirildii mekanizma u anda bilinmemekle birlikte, P85’in inhibe edici kappann fosforilasyonunu indükledii gösterilmitir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, etilen oksit blou (EO) ve propilen oksit (PO) (OEx – POy – OEx) zincirlerinin oluturduu büyük bir kopolimer yüzey aktif madde grubunu içeren noniyonik bileiklerdir.Poloksamer(Pluronic) Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloksamer(Pluronic)122, Poloksamer(Pluronic)123, Poloksamer(Pluronic)124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloksamer(Pluronic)184, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185, Poloksamer(Pluronic)188, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic)217’nin deerlendirilmesi , Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic)237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 282, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 284, Poloksamer(Pluronic)288, Poloksamer(Pluronic)331, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 401, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 402 Kozmetiklerde Kullanlan Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 Benzoate ve Poloksamer(Pluronic) Dibenzoate.

“Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, iki hidrofilik polioksietilen zinciri ile çevrili merkezi bir hidrofobik polioksipropilen zincirinden oluan noniyonik triblok kopolimerlerdir. “Poloksamer(Pluronic)” kelimesi, 1973 ylnda Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler için patent alan mucit Irving Schmolka tarafndan icat edildi. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler ayrca Pluronics ticari adlaryla da bilinirler. Sudaki konsantre Poloksamer(Pluronic) çözeltileri, misel mekanizma tarafndan syla tersine çevrilebilir sol-jel geçiine urar.115 Ticari Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407’nin sya duyarl sol-jelleri, ar yönetimi, enfeksiyon tedavisi, dourganlk gibi ksa süreli tedavilerde kullanm için önerilmitir.Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 çözeltileri (-% 25), 25 ° C’nin altndaki viskoz svlardr; vücut scaklnda yar kat bir jel olutururlar. Poloksamer(Pluronic) Zayf mekanik mukavemet, vücut svlarnda nispeten yüksek çözünürlük ve biyolojik olarak parçalanmama, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407’nin hücre iletim sistemlerinde kullanmnn önündeki ana engellerdir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) “bloklar” arasndaki karbonat balantsnn eklenmesi ve Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin daha yüksek moleküler kütleli yaplara balanmas118, bu dezavantajlarn üstesinden gelmek için denendi. Poloksamer(Pluronic), poli (etilen oksit) -poli (propilen oksit) -poli (etiyelen oksit) triblok kopolimerden (PEO-PPO-PEO) oluan amfifilik bir blok kopolimerdir.

Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, ABA tipi triblok yapya sahip baka bir sya duyarl hidrojel türüdür. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, toksik olmad bildirildiinden ve 25 ° C’de arlkça% 20’lik bir konsantrasyonda jeller oluturabildiinden ilaç datm için yaygn olarak kullanlmaktadr . Bununla birlikte, Poloksamer(Pluronic) uygulamalar, tamamen fiziksel çapraz balanmadan kaynaklanan zayf mekanik özellikleri nedeniyle büyük ölçüde snrldr. Bu jeller, düük viskozite ve çok yüksek geçirgenlikler ile karakterize edilir Dahas Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler vücutta scaklk LCST’nin üzerine çktnda annda jelleirken, sulu çözeltilerle kartrldklarnda yapsal bütünlüklerini kaybederler ve bu da onlar ilaç verme amaçlar için uygun hale getirmez Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler (Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloksamer(Pluronic)185, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic), Poloksamer(Pluronic)217 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic)282, Poloksamer(Pluronic)284, PPoloksamer(Pluronic)r 288, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 333, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloksamer(Pluronic)401, Poloksamer(Pluronic)402, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402 Benzoat, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 PNIPAAm polimerleri gibi, kimyasal olarak çapraz balanabilen Poloksamer(Pluronic)leri sentezleyerek bunlar gelimi mekanik özelliklerle donatmak için çok çaba sarf edilmitir. Bununla birlikte, Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler kimyasal yaplar nedeniyle, reaktif gruplar yalnzca zincir uçlarnda bulunur, bu nedenle, kimyasal olarak çapraz balanabilen gruplar yalnzca üç blok zincirinin uçlarn kapatmak için kullanlabilir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerde iki ana tip çapraz balanabilir uç kapatma grubu vardr: metakrilat / akrilat ve etoksilsilan. Metakrilatlar / akrilatlar, metakriloil klorür / akriloil klorürün her iki uçtaki hidroksil gruplaryla reaksiyona sokulmasyla polimere balanabilir. Benzer ekilde, Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler (3-izosiyanato-propil) trietoksisilan, 2-etil-heksanoat katalizi altnda hidroksil gruplar ile reaksiyona girerek etoksisilan uç balk gruplarn dahil etmek için kullanlabilir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin bir dier önemli özellii, termojelleme davranlardr: aslnda, bu polimerlerin bazlarnn su dispersiyonlar genellikle düük scaklklarda sv fazdadr, Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler ancak artan scaklklarda güçlü bir jel haline gelir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) syla tersinir jelin formülasyonu ve karakterizasyonu, polimerik mikropartiküller ve hyaluronik asit içerirFiziksel olarak çapraz balanm jeller 142.5 ± 29.7 KPa’lk bir sktrma modülü sergilerken, termal balatc olarak metakrilatlanm Poloksamer(Pluronic) ve amonyum persülfat (APS) kullanan radikal çapraz bal jeller üç kat daha serttir ve 415 ± 45.7 KPa’lk bir sktrma modülü sergiler . Lizozim, daha yüksek mekanik özelliklere sahip diakrilatl Poloksamer(Pluronic) hidrojellerin protein salm profilini test etmek için bir model protein olarak kullanlmtr. Bu Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, scaklk LCST’nin üzerine çkarldnda annda yar katlam bir fiziksel jel oluturdu. Daha sonra bu Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, UV’ye maruz kalma ile önceden kartrlm (4-Benzoilbenzil) trimetilamonyum klorür ile balatlan foto çapraz balanmaya tabi tutuldu. Foto çapraz balama ile jeller yapsal bütünlüklerini bir aya kadar korumutur.

Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, farkl moleküler arlklarda ve PPO / PEO oranlarnda bulunan poli (etilen oksit) (PEO) ve poli (propilen oksit) (PPO) ‘nun triblok kopolimerleridir. Tek bir polimer zincirinde PEO ve PPO bloklarnn varl, kendiliinden birleme özellikleri geni bir faz davran aral sergileyen esasen amfifilik moleküllere Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler yol açar. Bu miseller ve sv kristal fazlar oluturma yetenei, büyük ölçüde scakla baldr çünkü scakln artmas, kritik misel konsantrasyonunu (CMC) azaltan kendi kendine birlemeye izin verir. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler (Poloksamer(Pluronic)101, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 108, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 122, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 123, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloksamer(Pluronic)181, Poloksamer(Pluronic)182, Poloksamer(Pluronic)183, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 184, Poloksamer(Pluronic)185, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188, Poloxamer(Pluronic) 212, Poloksamer(Pluronic)215, Poloksamer(Pluronic), Poloksamer(Pluronic)217 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 235, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloksamer(Pluronic)238, Poloksamer(Pluronic)282, Poloksamer(Pluronic)284, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 288, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 331, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334, Poloksamer(Pluronic)335, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 338, Poloksamer(Pluronic)401, Poloksamer(Pluronic)402, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 402 Benzoat, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 182 Dibenzoat), bir polioksietilen bloundan, ardndan bir polioksipropilen bloundan, ardndan bir polioksietilen bloundan yaplm polimerlerdir. Ortalama polioksietilen ve polioksipropilen birim says, polimer ile ilikili sayya göre deiir. Örnein, en küçük polimer olan Poloksamer(Pluronic) 101, ortalama 2 birim polioksietilen içeren bir blok, ortalama 16 birim polioksipropilen içeren bir blok ve ardndan ortalama 2 birim polioksietilen içeren bir bloktan oluur. Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, renksiz svlar ve macunlardan beyaz katlara kadar çeitlilik gösterir. Kozmetik ve kiisel bakm ürünlerinde Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler, cilt temizleyicileri, banyo ürünleri, ampuanlar, saç kremleri, gargaralar, göz makyaj temizleyicileri ve dier cilt ve saç ürünlerinin formülasyonunda kullanlr. Ürün kategorisi Formülasyon says Maksimum (Toplam formülasyon says) çerdii bileen konsantrasyonu (%) (FDA 2002) (FDA 2002) (CTFA 2004a) Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 Saç kremleri (651) 5 – Tra kremi (134) 2 3 Toplam kullanm / Poloksamer(Pluronic) 105 7 için aralklar 7 3 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 181 Nemlendiriciler (905) – 0,005 Dier cilt bakm müstahzarlar (725) – 6 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 181 – 0,005–6 için toplam kullanmlar / aralklar Dier banyo preparatlar (196) 1 Eyelinerler (548) 1 Rujlar (962) 1 Tra kremi (134) 1 Macun maskeleri / çamur paketleri (271) – 3 Dier cilt bakm müstahzarlar (725) – 0.2 Güne jeli, kremler ve svlar (131) – 6 Poloksamer(Pluronic) için toplam kullanm / aralk 182 4 0.2 –6 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 184 Dier banyo müstahzarlar (196) 11 0,4 Göz makyaj temizleyici (100) 9 0,03–0,04 Saç kremleri (651) 6 – Renksiz ampuanlar (884) 5 10 Makyaj sabitleyicileri (20) – 3 Dier makyaj müstahzarlar (201) 1 0,9 Cilt temizleme kremleri, losyonlar vb. (775) 27 3–6 Vücut ve el kremleri, losyonlar vb. (840) 1 0,4 Nemlendiriciler (905) – 0,3 Dier s akraba bakm müstahzarlar (725) 1 3 Güne jeli, kremler, svlar (131) – 2 Kapal bronzlama müstahzarlar (71) 1 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) için toplam kullanm / aralklar 184 62 0.03–10 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185 Göz Losyonu (25) – 0.5–9 Göz makyaj temizleyici (100) – 2 Dier Göz Makyaj Hazrlklar (125) 1 – Macun Maskeleri (çamur paketleri) (271) 8 – Dier cilt bakm müstahzarlar (725) – 0.5 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 185 9 0.5–9 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188 Eye için toplam kullanm / aralklar losyon (25) 1 – Kalc dalgalar (207) 6 – Cilt temizleme kremleri, losyonlar vb. (775) 3 1–2 Gece kremleri, losyonlar vb. (200) 1 – Dier cilt bakm müstahzarlar (725) 1 2 ç mekan tabaklama preparatlar (71) – 0.8 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188 için toplam kullanmlar / aralklar 12 0.8–2 (Tablo sonraki sayfada devam ediyor) 98 COMESTIC BLEEN NCELEME TABLOSU 4 Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin kullanm skl ve konsantrasyonu (Devam). Ürün kategorisi Formülasyon says Maksimum (Toplam formülasyon says) içerik içeren kullanm konsantrasyonu (%) (FDA 2002) (FDA 2002) (CTFA 2004a) Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212 Dier cilt bakm preparatlar (725) – 2 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 212 için toplam kullanmlar / aralklar – 2 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 217 Dier kiisel hijyen ürünleri (308) 2 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) 217 için toplam kullanm / aralklar 2 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234 Renksiz ampuanlar (884) – 0,1 Saç tonii, pansumanlar vb. (598) – 0,3–2 Cilt temizleme kremleri, losyonlar , vb. (775) – 0,5–10 Yüz ve boyun kremleri, losyonlar, vb. (310) – 0,5–1 Vücut ve el kremleri, losyonlar vb. (840) – 0,01 Nemlendiriciler (905) – 0,5 Dier cilt bakm müstahzarlar (725) – 0.5 Dier güne müstahzarlar (38) – 0.01 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 234 – 0.01–10 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237 için toplam kullanm / aralklar Göz makyaj temizleyici (100) 1 – Di macunlar (40) 1 – Az gargaralar ve nefes tazeleyiciler (46) 2 – Toplam Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237 için kullanmlar / aralklar 4 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) 238 Dier banyo müstahzarlar (196) 1 – Vücut ve el kremleri, losyonlar, vb. (840) 2 – Ayak pudralar ve s dualar (35) 1 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) 238 için toplam kullanmlar / aralklar 4 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333 Vücut ve el kremleri, losyonlar, vb. (840) – 1 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 333 – 1 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334 Saç tonii, pansumanlar vb. için toplam kullanm / aralklar ( 598) – 0.3 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 334 için toplam kullanmlar / aralklar – 0.3 Poloksamer(Pluronic) 335 Az gargaralar ve nefes tazeleyiciler (46) 2 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) 335 2 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) 338 Az ykama ve nefes tazeleyiciler için toplam kullanmlar / aralklar (46) 2 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) için toplam kullanmlar / aralklar 338 2 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) 401 Vücut ve el kremleri, losyonlar, vb. (840) 2 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) 401 için toplam kullanm / aralklar 2 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 Göz makyaj temizleyici (100) – 2 Kalc dalgalar (207) 2 – Dier manikür preparatlar (55 ) – 5 Di macunlar (40) – 12–20 Az gargaralar ve nefes tazeleyiciler (46) 18 0,3–1 (Tablo sonraki sayfada devam ediyor) POLOKSAMER(PLURONC)S 99 TABLO 4 Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin kullanm skl ve konsantrasyonu (Devam). Ürün kategorisi Formülasyon says Maksimum (Toplam formülasyon says) içerik içeren kullanm konsantrasyonu (%) (FDA 2002) (FDA 2002) (CTFA 2004a) Dier az hijyeni ürünleri (6) 1 – Koltuk alt deodorantlar (247) 6 – Dier kiisel hijyen ürünleri (308) 1 – Cilt temizleme kremleri, losyonlar vb. (775) – 9 Nemlendiriciler (905) – 1 Cilt tazeleyiciler (184) – 3 Dier cilt bakm müstahzarlar (725) 3 – Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407 31 için toplam kullanm / aralklar 0.3–20

Poloksamer(Pluronic)lerin bir dier önemli özellii, termojelleme davranlardr: aslnda, bu polimerlerin bazlarnn su dispersiyonlar genellikle düük scaklklarda sv fazdadr, Poloksamer(Pluronic)ler ancak artan scaklklarda güçlü bir jel haline gelir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) syla tersinir jelin formülasyonu ve karakterizasyonu, polimerik mikropartiküller ve hyaluronik asit içerir. Polietilen-propilen glikol kopolimeri ile eanlaml olan Poloksamer(Pluronic) ve Supronic, Pluronic veya Tetronic ticari isimleri, iyonik olmayan bir triblok kopolimer olarak 1950 ylnda piyasaya sürülmütür. [1] O zamandan beri çeitli farmasötik uygulamalarda çok ünlü bir ekilde kullanldlar. Kimyasal olarak Poloksamer(Pluronic), a-Hidro-ω-hidroksipoli (oksietilen) bir poli (oksipropilen) b poli (oksietilen) bir blok kopolimerdir ve bir hidrofobik propilen oksit zincirini (PPO) sktran iki hidrofilik etilen oksit zincir zincirinden (PEO) oluur bir kimyasal formül HO (C2H4O) a (C3H6O) b (C2H4O) aH verir, burada a ve b Tablo 1’de gösterilen deerlere sahiptir. Poloksamer(Pluronic) 124, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 188 olarak tanmlanan farkl polimerlere yol açan polimer bloklarn deien uzunluklar Poloksamer(Pluronic) 237, Poloksamer(Pluronic) 338 ve Poloksamer(Pluronic) 407, özelliklerinde küçük bir fark gösterir.

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