NONYLPHENOL 30 (NONLFENOL 30)
NONYLPHENOL 30 (NONLFENOL 30)
CAS No. : 104-40-5
EC No. : 203-199-4
Synonyms:
4-nonylphenol; 4-n-Nonylphenol; p-Nonylphenol; 104-40-5; Phenol, 4-nonyl-; para-Nonylphenol; p-n-Nonylphenol; 4-nonyl phenol; Phenol, p-nonyl-; Phenol, nonyl derivs.; Nonylphenol (mixed); p-nonyl phenol; para Nonyl phenol; p -n -Nonylphenol; 4-Nonyl-Phenol; 4-n-Nonyl phenol; CCRIS 1251; HSDB 5359; EINECS 203-199-4; BRN 2047450; 68081-86-7; DTXSID5033836; CHEBI:34440; MFCD00002396; P-NONYLPHENOL (ENDOCRINE DISRUPTER); DSSTox_CID_1857; DSSTox_RID_79098; DSSTox_GSID_33836; 4-NP; CAS-104-40-5; C9-Alkylated phenol; (C9)Alkylated phenol; UNII-I03GBV4WEL; 4-Nonylphenol (4-NP); 1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)nonane; nonyl-phenol; p-nonyl-phenol; Para-nonyl phenol; EINECS 268-359-8; 1-Nonyl-4-phenol; 211947-56-7; Nonylphenol (4-NP); Spectrum_001973; SpecPlus_000624; Spectrum2_001832; Spectrum3_000872; Spectrum4_000712; Spectrum5_002066; 4-Nonyl Phenol-13C6; 4-n-Nonylphenol, 85%; 4-n-Nonylphenol, 98%; I03GBV4WEL; BIDD:PXR0002; SCHEMBL15887; BSPBio_002543; KBioGR_001263; KBioSS_002539; SPECTRUM330085; 3-06-00-02067 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); KSC180Q2T; BIDD:ER0006; DivK1c_006720; SPBio_001903; CHEMBL153062; CTK0I0829; KBio1_001664; KBio2_002530; KBio2_005098; KBio2_007666; KBio3_002043; 4-Nonylphenol, analytical standard; ZINC1850497; Tox21_201241; Tox21_303647; BDBM50410532; CCG-39613; LMPK15010001; LS-375; SBB059316; STL453644; AKOS015888197; MCULE-5930378829; NCGC00090918-01; NCGC00090918-02; NCGC00090918-03; NCGC00090918-05; NCGC00090918-06; NCGC00090918-07; NCGC00090918-08; NCGC00257420-01; NCGC00258793-01; FT-0619310; FT-0673035; NS00010283; ST50827096; 4-n-Nonylphenol 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile; 4-n-Nonylphenol 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane; 4-n-Nonylphenol 100 microg/mL in Cyclohexane; C14550; 4-Nonylphenol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard; SR-05000002459; J-001167; Q4545806; SR-05000002459-1; 4-Nonylphenol, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R); NONYLPHENOL 6; NONYLPHENOL 8; NONYLPEHNOL 30
EN
Nonylphenol 30 IUPAC Name 4-nonylphenol
Nonylphenol 30 InChI 1S/C15H24O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-14-10-12-15(16)13-11-14/h10-13,16H,2-9H2,1H3
Nonylphenol 30 InChI Key IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Nonylphenol 30 Canonical SMILES CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)O
Nonylphenol 30 Molecular Formula C15H24O
Nonylphenol 30 CAS 104-40-5
Nonylphenol 30 Deprecated CAS 29832-11-9
Nonylphenol 30 European Community (EC) Number 203-199-4
Nonylphenol 30 DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID0028375
Nonylphenol 30 Physical Description Solid
Nonylphenol 30 Color/Form Viscous, yellow liquid
Nonylphenol 30 Boiling Point 317 °C
Nonylphenol 30 Melting Point 42.0 °C
Nonylphenol 30 Flash Point 113 °C (235 °F) – closed cup
Nonylphenol 30 Solubility 3.18e-05 M
Nonylphenol 30 Density 0.950 g/cu cm at 20 °C
Nonylphenol 30 Vapor Pressure 8.18e-04 mmHg
Nonylphenol 30 LogP 5.76 (LogP)
Nonylphenol 30 Decomposition When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating vapors.
Nonylphenol 30 Refractive Index Index of refraction: 1.513 at 20 °C
Nonylphenol 30 Molecular Weight 220.35 g/mol
Nonylphenol 30 XLogP3 5.9
Nonylphenol 30 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1
Nonylphenol 30 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 1
Nonylphenol 30 Rotatable Bond Count 8
Nonylphenol 30 Exact Mass 220.182715 g/mol
Nonylphenol 30 Monoisotopic Mass 220.182715 g/mol
Nonylphenol 30 Topological Polar Surface Area 20.2 Ų
Nonylphenol 30 Heavy Atom Count 16
Nonylphenol 30 Formal Charge 0
Nonylphenol 30 Complexity 148
Nonylphenol 30 Isotope Atom Count 0
Nonylphenol 30 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Nonylphenol 30 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Nonylphenol 30 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Nonylphenol 30 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Nonylphenol 30 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Nonylphenol 30 Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Nonylphenol 30 is a member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group. It has a role as an environmental contaminant.Nonylphenol 30 (4-NP) is an estrogenic endocrine active chemical that is present in detergents and is known to contaminate food and drinking water. The predominant metabolite in bile was a glucuronide conjugate of Nonylphenol 30. Other metabolites included glucuronide conjugates of ring or side chain hydroxylated Nonylphenol 30.Liver contained a low level (1.7%) of covalently bound residues. Metabolism studies using isolated trout hepatocytes produced a similar range of metabolites and a sulfate conjugate of hydroxylated Nonylphenol 30. Despite rapid metabolism and excretion, a substantial depot of parent compound remained in muscle which will have implications for the maintenance of Nonylphenol 30 residues and associated biological activity.Nonylphenol 30 (4-NP) is a well-known toxic environmental contaminant. The major objective of the present study was to identify reactive metabolites of 4-NP. Following incubations of 4-NP with NADPH- and GSH-supplemented human liver microsomes, 6 GSH conjugates, along with 19 oxidized metabolites, were detected by UPLC/Q-TOF mass spectrometry utilizing the mass defect filter method.Nonylphenol 30 has known human metabolites that include (4-Nonylphenyl) hydrogen sulfate.Nonylphenol 30 is a thick, yellow liquid. It is very slightly to insoluble in water. USE: Nonylphenol 30 is used to make lubricating oil additives, resins, plasticizers, fungicides, rubbers and plastics. These products are used in industry, agriculture and in the home. Household products containing Nonylphenol 30 include food packaging and rubber items intended for repeated use in contact with food . Nonylphenol 30 is a mixture component of nonylphenol which is present in many household maintenance products such as epoxy. Nonylphenols are being phased out of use in consumer products. EXPOSURE: Workers that use Nonylphenol 30 may breathe in vapors or have direct skin contact. The general population may be exposed by ingestion of or dermal contact with contaminated water and dermal contact with products containing this compound. Nonylphenol 30 has been detected in human breast milk, blood and urine. If Nonylphenol 30 is released to the environment, it will be very persistent. It will be broken down in air but is not expected to be broken down by sunlight. It will move slowly into air from moist soil and water surfaces. It is not expected to move through soil. It will be broken down by microorganisms and is expected to build up in fish, animals and humans. RISK: Altered function has been observed in human immune cells exposed to Nonylphenol 30 in a laboratory setting. These studies suggest that exposure to Nonylphenol 30 may increase the risk of autoimmune diseases, where the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells, such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, there are no studies evaluating potential associations between Nonylphenol 30 exposure levels in humans and immune function. No additional data on the potential toxic effects of Nonylphenol 30 in humans were available. Severe eye damage was observed in laboratory animals following direct exposure. Increased immune responses to known allergens were observed in laboratory animals exposed to Nonylphenol 30 via injection, indicating that Nonylphenol 30 may aggravate allergic diseases. Data on the potential for Nonylphenol 30 to cause infertility, abortion, or birth defects were not available. However, risk factors for obesity (increases in body weight, fat mass and serum cholesterol) were observed in both first and second generation offspring of laboratory animals exposed to oral doses of Nonylphenol 30 during pregnancy only. Obesity risk factors were also observed in young laboratory animals directly exposed to Nonylphenol 30 via injection. Data on the potential for Nonylphenol 30 to cause cancer in laboratory animals were not available. The potential for Nonylphenol 30 to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 14th Report on Carcinogens. (SRC)The two commercial purity grades of Nonylphenol 30 are a technical grade which is composed of 10-12% 2-nonylphenol, 85-90% Nonylphenol 30, and up to 5% 2,4-dinonylphenol, and a high purity grade which contains 5% maximum 2-nonylphenol, 95% minimum Nonylphenol 30, and only a trace of 2,4-dinonylphenol.The pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of Nonylphenol 30 (4-NP) with methanol (100 degrees C and 100 atm) from river sediments was compared with methanolic Soxhlet extraction, the standard method for the sediment analysis. The PLE method showed a precision (average RSD ranged from 6 to 33%) and an accuracy (average recovery 85 and 87% for 4-NP and 4-NPE, respectively) comparable to those of Soxhlet. The extraction was performed on river sediments and no organic carbon content influence was found. The comparative study presented in this paper demonstrates that PLE is an alternative suitable extraction method for Nonylphenol 30 and Nonylphenol 30 ethoxylate determination in sediments.Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Nonylphenol 30 is included on this list.The independent and combined effects of 2 chemicals, diazinon (an insecticide) and Nonylphenol 30 (a detergent metabolite), on the swimming behavior of the freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulex were examined. Cumulative distance and change in direction were measured repeatedly via optical tracking over 90 min. Exposure to low concentrations of diazinon (0.125-2 uM) or Nonylphenol 30 (0.25-4 uM) elicited significant concentration- and time-dependent effects on swimming behavior. Exposure to 0.5 uM Nonylphenol 30 alone did not significantly alter mean cumulative distance but did elicit a small, significant increase in mean angle, the measure of change in direction. When 0.5 uM Nonylphenol 30 was used in combination with diazinon (0.125-0.5 uM), it augmented the adverse impact of diazinon on the swimming behavior of Daphnia. Additionally, enhanced sensitivity to diazinon was observed in animals exposed to treated wastewater effluent for 24 hr prior to a diazinon challenge. The present experiments demonstrate that exposure to Nonylphenol 30 and complex chemical mixtures (e.g., treated wastewater) can enhance the toxicity of exposure to the insecticide diazinon.Nonylphenol 30 is a widely diffused and stable environmental contaminant, originating from the degradation of alkyl phenol ethoxylates, common surfactants employed in several industrial applications. Due to its hydrophobic nature, Nonylphenol 30 can easily accumulate in living organisms, including humans, where it displays a wide range of toxic effects. Since the gastrointestinal tract represents the main route by which Nonylphenol 30 enters the body, the intestine may be one of the first organs to be damaged by chronic exposure to this pollutant through the diet. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Nonylphenol 30 on a human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2 cells). We demonstrated that Nonylphenol 30 was cytotoxic to cells, as revealed by a decrease of the cell number and the decrement of mitochondrial functionality after 24 hr of treatment. Nonylphenol 30 also reduced the number of cells entering into S-phase and interfered with epidermal growth factor signaling, with consequent negative effects on cell survival. In addition, Nonylphenol 30 induced apoptosis, involving the activation of caspase-3, and triggered an endoplasmic reticulum-stress response, as revealed by over-expression of GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein) and activation of XBP1 (X-box binding protein-1). Together, these findings support the hypothesis that prolonged exposure to Nonylphenol 30 through the diet may lead to local damage at the level of intestinal mucosa, with potentially negative consequences for intestinal homeostasis and functionality.Exogenous substances altering the function of the endocrine system and exhibiting adverse health effects on the organism are defined as endocrine disruptors. Nonylphenol is one of the most abundant alkylphenol ethoxylate derivatives, being detected in food products. Diverse studies have classified nonylphenol as hazardous to the health, especially to male reproduction. This in vitro study aimed to examine the effects of Nonylphenol 30 on androstenedione and testosterone production as well as on the viability of Leydig cells of NMRI mice. The cells were cultured for 44 h with addition of 0.04; 0.2; 1.0; 2.5 and 5.0 ug/mL of Nonylphenol 30 and compared to the control. Quantification of testosterone and androstenedione directly from aliquots of the medium was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability was measured by the metabolic activity assay for mitochondrial functional activity. Androstenedione production significantly (P < 0.001) increased with 1.0; 2.5 and 5.0 ug/mL Nonylphenol 30. Although cAMP-stimulated testosterone production was not significantly affected by Nonylphenol 30, a tendency to attenuate the level of testosterone in the Leydig cells treated with 2.5 and 5.0 ug/mL Nonylphenol 30 was observed. The viability of mouse Leydig cells was slightly increased at the lowest doses of Nonylphenol 30 (0.04 and 0.2 ug/mL). We also observed an increase at higher concentrations of the substance (1.0; 2.5 and 5.0 ug/mL), but this increase was not significant. Further investigations are required to establish the biological significance and possible reproductive implications.
TR
Nonilfenol 30 IUPAC Ad 4-nonilfenol
Nonilfenol 30 InChI 1S / C15H24O / c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-14-10-12-15 (16) 13-11-14 / h10-13,16H , 2-9H2,1H3
Nonilfenol 30 InChI Anahtar IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Nonilfenol 30 Kanonik SMILES CCCCCCCCCC1 = CC = C (C = C1) O
Nonilfenol 30 Moleküler Formül C15H24O
Nonilfenol 30 CAS 104-40-5
Nonilfenol 30 Kullanmdan Kaldrlm CAS 29832-11-9
Nonilfenol 30 Avrupa Topluluu (EC) Say 203-199-4
Nonilfenol 30 DSSTox Madde Kimlii DTXSID0028375
Nonilfenol 30 Fiziksel Tanm Kat
Nonilfenol 30 Renk / Form Viskoz, sar sv
Nonilfenol 30 Kaynama Noktas 317 ° C
Nonilfenol 30 Erime Noktas 42.0 ° C
Nonilfenol 30 Parlama Noktas 113 ° C (235 ° F) – kapal kap
Nonilfenol 30 Çözünürlük 3.18e-05 M
Nonilfenol 30 Younluk 20 ° C’de 0.950 g / cu cm
Nonilfenol 30 Buhar Basnc 8.18e-04 mmHg
Nonilfenol 30 LogP 5.76 (LogP)
Nonilfenol 30 Ayrma Ayrmaya kadar stldnda keskin bir duman ve tahri edici buharlar yayar.
Nonilfenol 30 Krlma ndeksi Krlma ndeksi: 20 ° C’de 1.513
Nonilfenol 30 Moleküler Arlk 220.35 g / mol
Nonilfenol 30 XLogP3 5,9
Nonilfenol 30 Hidrojen Ba Donör Says 1
Nonilfenol 30 Hidrojen Ba Alc Says 1
Nonilfenol 30 Döndürülebilir Ba Says 8
Nonilfenol 30 Tam Kütle 220.182715 g / mol
Nonilfenol 30 Monoizotopik Kütle 220.182715 g / mol
Nonilfenol 30 Topolojik Polar Yüzey Alan 20,2 Ų
Nonilfenol 30 Ar Atom Says 16
Nonilfenol 30 Resmi arj 0
Nonilfenol 30 Karmakl 148
Nonilfenol 30 zotop Atom Says 0
Nonilfenol 30 Tanml Atom Stereocenter Says 0
Nonilfenol 30 Tanmsz Atom Stereocenter Says 0
Nonilfenol 30 Tanmlanm Bond Stereocenter Says 0
Nonilfenol 30 Tanmsz Ba Stereocenter Says 0
Nonilfenol 30 Kovalent Bal Birim Says 1
Nonilfenol 30 Bileii Kanonikletirilmitir Evet
Nonilfenol 30, bir nonil grubu ile para-ikame edilmi fenol olan fenol snfnn bir üyesidir. Çevresel kirletici olarak rol oynar. Nonilfenol 30 (4-NP), deterjanlarda bulunan ve yiyecekleri ve içme suyunu kirlettii bilinen östrojenik bir endokrin aktif kimyasaldr. Safradaki baskn metabolit, Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) bir glukuronid konjugatdr. Dier metabolitler, halka veya yan zincir hidroksile Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) glukuronid konjugatlarn içerir. Karacier, düük seviyede (% 1.7) kovalent olarak balanm kalntlar içeriyordu. zole edilmi alabalk hepatositlerinin kullanld metabolizma çalmalar, benzer bir metabolit aral ve hidroksile Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) bir sülfat konjugat üretti. Hzl metabolizma ve boaltma ramen, kasta önemli miktarda ana bileik deposu kalmtr, bu da Nonilfenol 30 kalntlarnn ve ilikili biyolojik aktivitenin sürdürülmesi için etkileri olacaktr. Nonilfenol 30 (4-NP), bilinen toksik çevresel kirletici. Bu çalmann ana amac 4-NP’nin reaktif metabolitlerini belirlemekti. 4-NP’nin NADPH ve GSH takviyeli insan karacier mikrozomlar ile inkübasyonunu takiben, 6 GSH konjugat ve 19 oksitlenmi metabolit, kütle kusur filtresi yöntemi kullanlarak UPLC / Q-TOF kütle spektrometresi ile tespit edildi. Nonilfenol 30 (4-Nonilfenil) hidrojen sülfat içeren bilinen insan metabolitlerine sahiptir. Nonilfenol 30 kaln, sar bir svdr. Suda çok az çözünür. KULLANIM: Nonilfenol 30 yalama ya katk maddeleri, reçineler, plastikletiriciler, fungisitler, kauçuklar ve plastikler yapmak için kullanlr. Bu ürünler sanayide, tarmda ve evde kullanlmaktadr. Nonilfenol 30 içeren ev ürünleri, gda ambalaj ve gda ile temas halinde tekrar tekrar kullanlmas amaçlanan kauçuk öeleri içerir. Nonilfenol 30 epoksi gibi birçok ev bakm ürününde bulunan nonilfenolün bir karm bileenidir. Nonilfenoller, tüketici ürünlerinde kullanmdan kaldrlyor. MARUZ KALMA: Nonilfenol 30 kullanan içiler buharlar soluyabilir veya dorudan ciltle temas edebilir. Genel popülasyon, kontamine su yutulmas veya dermal temas yoluyla ve bu bileii içeren ürünlerle deri temas yoluyla maruz kalabilir. Nonilfenol 30 anne sütü, kan ve idrarnda tespit edilmitir. Nonilfenol 30 çevreye salnrsa çok kalc olacaktr. Havada parçalanacaktr, ancak güne nda parçalanmas beklenmemektedir. O whasta nemli toprak ve su yüzeylerinden yavaça havaya geçer. Toprakta hareket etmesi beklenmez. Mikroorganizmalar tarafndan parçalanacak ve balklarda, hayvanlarda ve insanlarda birikmesi bekleniyor. RSK: Laboratuvar ortamnda Nonilfenol 6’ya (Nonilfenol 6) maruz kalan insan baklk hücrelerinde deien fonksiyon gözlenmitir. Bu çalmalar, Nonilfenol 6’ya (Nonilfenol 6) maruz kalmann, vücudun baklk sisteminin iltihapl barsak hastal gibi salkl hücrelere saldrd otoimmün hastalk riskini artrabileceini düündürmektedir. Bununla birlikte, insanlarda Nonilfenol 30 maruziyet seviyeleri ile baklk fonksiyonu arasndaki potansiyel ilikileri deerlendiren hiçbir çalma yoktur. Nonylphenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) insanlarda potansiyel toksik etkilerine ilikin ek veri mevcut deildir. Dorudan maruziyetin ardndan laboratuar hayvanlarnda ciddi göz hasar gözlemlendi. Enjeksiyon yoluyla Nonilfenol 6’ya (Nonilfenol 6) maruz braklan laboratuvar hayvanlarnda bilinen alerjenlere kar artan baklk tepkileri gözlendi, bu da Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) alerjik hastalklar iddetlendirebileceini gösteriyor. Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) ksrla, düük veya doum kusurlarna neden olma potansiyeline ilikin veriler mevcut deildi. Bununla birlikte, yalnzca gebelik srasnda oral dozlarda Nonilfenol 30 alan laboratuar hayvanlarnn hem birinci hem de ikinci nesil yavrularnda obezite için risk faktörleri (vücut arl, ya kütlesi ve serum kolesterolünde art) gözlenmitir. Enjeksiyon yoluyla dorudan Nonilfenol 6’ya (Nonilfenol 6) maruz kalan genç laboratuvar hayvanlarnda da obezite risk faktörleri gözlendi. Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) laboratuar hayvanlarnda kansere neden olma potansiyeline ilikin veriler mevcut deildi. Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) insanlarda kansere neden olma potansiyeli ABD EPA IRIS program, Uluslararas Kanser Aratrma Ajans veya ABD Ulusal Toksikoloji Program 14. Karsinojenler Raporu tarafndan deerlendirilmemitir. (SRC) Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) iki ticari saflk derecesi,% 10-12 2-nonilfenol,% 85-90 Nonilfenol 30 ve% 5’e kadar 2,4’ten oluan bir teknik snftr. -dinonilfenol ve% 5 maksimum 2-nonilfenol,% 95 minimum Nonilfenol 30 ve sadece 2,4-dinonilfenol içeren yüksek saflk derecesi. Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol) basnçl sv ekstraksiyonu (PLE) 6) (4-NP) nehir çökeltilerinden metanol (100 derece C ve 100 atm) ile sediman analizi için standart yöntem olan metanolik Soxhlet ekstraksiyonu ile karlatrld. PLE yöntemi, Soxhlet’inkilerle karlatrlabilir bir hassasiyet (ortalama RSD% 6 ila 33 arasnda) ve bir doruluk (4-NP ve 4-NPE için srasyla% 85 ve% 87) gösterdi. Ekstraksiyon nehir çökeltileri üzerinde gerçekletirildi ve organik karbon içerii etkisi bulunmad. Bu yazda sunulan karlatrmal çalma, PLE’nin çökeltilerde Nonilfenol 30 ve Nonilfenol 30 etoksilat tayini için alternatif uygun bir ekstraksiyon yöntemi olduunu göstermektedir. TSCA bölüm 8 (d) uyarnca, EPA bir model Salk yaynlamtr. ve Güvenlik Verileri Raporlama Kural. Bölüm 8 (d) model kural, listelenen kimyasal maddeler ve karmlarn üreticilerinin, ithalatçlarnn ve ileyicilerinin EPA kopyalarn ve yaynlanmam salk ve güvenlik çalmalar listelerini sunmasn gerektirir. Nonilfenol 30 bu listeye dahil edilmitir. 2 kimyasaln, diazinon (bir böcek ilac) ve Nonilfenol 30 (bir deterjan metaboliti), tatl su kabuklu Daphnia pulex’in yüzme davran üzerindeki bamsz ve birleik etkileri incelendi. Kümülatif mesafe ve yöndeki deiiklik, 90 dakika boyunca optik izleme yoluyla tekrar tekrar ölçüldü. Düük konsantrasyonlarda diazinon (0.125-2 uM) veya Nonilfenol 30 (0.25-4 uM) maruziyet yüzme davran üzerinde önemli konsantrasyon ve zamana bal etkiler ortaya çkarmtr. Tek bana 0.5 uM Nonilfenol 6’ya (Nonilfenol 6) maruz kalma, ortalama kümülatif mesafeyi önemli ölçüde deitirmedi, ancak yöndeki deiikliin ölçüsü olan ortalama açda küçük, önemli bir arta yol açt. 0.5 uM Nonilfenol 30, diazinon (0.125-0.5 uM) ile kombinasyon halinde kullanldnda, diazinonun Daphnia’nn yüzme davran üzerindeki olumsuz etkisini artrd. Ek olarak, bir diazinon tehdidinden 24 saat önce artlm atk su çkna maruz kalan hayvanlarda diazinona kar artan hassasiyet gözlendi. Mevcut deneyler, Nonilfenol 6’ya (Nonilfenol 6) ve karmak kimyasal karmlara (örnein, artlm atk su) maruz kalmann, insektisit diazinona maruz kalmann toksisitesini artrabileceini göstermektedir. Nonilfenol 30, yaygn olarak dalm ve stabil bir çevresel kirletici olup, alkil fenol etoksilatlarn bozunmasndan, çeitli endüstriyel uygulamalarda kullanlan yaygn yüzey aktif maddeler. Nonilfenol 30 hidrofobik yaps nedeniyle, çok çeitli toksik etki gösterdii insanlar da dahil olmak üzere canl organizmalarda kolaylkla birikebilir.ts. Gastrointestinal sistem, Nonylphenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) vücuda girdii ana yolu temsil ettiinden, barsak, diyet yoluyla bu kirleticiye kronik maruziyetten zarar görecek ilk organlardan biri olabilir. Bu çalmada, Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) insan barsak epitel hücre hatt (Caco-2 hücreleri) üzerindeki etkilerini aratrdk. Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6), 24 saatlik tedaviden sonra hücre saysndaki azalma ve mitokondriyal ilevselliin azalmasyla ortaya çkt üzere hücreler için sitotoksik olduunu gösterdik. Nonilfenol 30 ayrca S-fazna giren hücrelerin saysn azaltt ve epidermal büyüme faktörü sinyallemesine müdahale etti ve bunun sonucunda hücre sakalm üzerinde olumsuz etkileri oldu. Ek olarak, Nonilfenol 30, kaspaz-3’ün aktivasyonunu içeren apoptozu indükledi ve GRP78’in ar ekspresyonu (78 kDa glikozla düzenlenmi protein) ve XBP1’in aktivasyonu ( X-box balayc protein-1). Birlikte, bu bulgular, diyet yoluyla Nonilfenol 6’ya (Nonilfenol 6) uzun süre maruz kalmann barsak mukozas düzeyinde yerel hasara yol açabilecei ve barsak homeostaz ve ilevsellii için potansiyel olarak olumsuz sonuçlara yol açabilecei hipotezini desteklemektedir. Endokrin fonksiyonunu deitiren dsal maddeler sistemi ve organizma üzerinde olumsuz salk etkileri sergileyen endokrin bozucular olarak tanmlanmaktadr. Nonilfenol, gda ürünlerinde tespit edilen en bol alkilfenol etoksilat türevlerinden biridir. Çeitli çalmalar nonilfenolü sala, özellikle erkek üremesine zararl olarak snflandrmtr. Bu in vitro çalma, Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) androstenedion ve testosteron üretimi üzerindeki etkilerinin yan sra NMRI farelerinin Leydig hücrelerinin canll üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlad. Hücreler, 0.04 ilavesiyle 44 saat kültürlendi; 0.2; 1.0; 2.5 ve 5.0 ug / mL Nonilfenol 30 ve kontrol ile karlatrld. Testosteron ve androstenedionun dorudan ortamn alikotlarndan kantifikasyonu, enzime bal immünosorbent analizi ile gerçekletirildi. Hücre canll, mitokondriyal fonksiyonel aktivite için metabolik aktivite analizi ile ölçüldü. Androstenedion üretimi önemli ölçüde (P <0.001) 1.0 ile artt; 2.5 ve 5.0 ug / mL Nonilfenol 30. CAMP ile uyarlan testosteron üretimi, Nonilfenol 6’dan (Nonilfenol 6) önemli ölçüde etkilenmemi olsa da, 2.5 ve 5.0 ug / mL Nonilfenol 30 ile tedavi edilen Leydig hücrelerinde testosteron düzeyini zayflatma eilimi gözlenmitir. Fare Leydig hücrelerinin yaayabilirlii, Nonilfenol 6’nn (Nonilfenol 6) (0.04 ve 0.2 ug / mL) en düük dozlarnda hafifçe artmtr. Ayrca maddenin daha yüksek konsantrasyonlarnda (1.0; 2.5 ve 5.0 ug / mL) bir art gözlemledik, ancak bu art önemli deildi. Biyolojik önemi ve olas üremeyle ilgili sonuçlar belirlemek için daha fazla aratrma yaplmas gerekmektedir.