SODIUM BENZOATE (SODYUM BENZOAT)

SODIUM BENZOATE (SODYUM BENZOAT)

SODIUM BENZOATE (SODYUM BENZOAT)

 

CAS NUMBER:532-32-1

EC NUMBER:208-534-8 , 208-534-8

SYNONYMS

sodium benzoate;532-32-1;Benzoic acid, sodium salt;Sobenate;Antimol;Benzoic acid sodium salt;Benzoate sodium;Benzoate of soda;Benzoate, sodium;Natrium benzoicum;Caswell No. 746;Benzoan sodny [Czech];FEMA Number 3025;UNII-OJ245FE5EU;FEMA No. 3025;CCRIS 3921;HSDB 696;Benzoesaeure (na-salz) [German];Sodium benzoate solution;Carboxybenzene sodium salt;EINECS 208-534-8;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009103;OJ245FE5EU;E211;sodium;benzoate;AI3-07835;Benzoic acid, sodium salt (1:1);Sodiumbenzoate;Benzoan sodny;Benzoesaeure (na-salz);C7H5NaO2;Sodium benzoate [USAN:JAN];BzONa;Sodium benzoate [USAN:JAN:NF];Sodium Benzoate USP;NATRII BENZOAS;Sodium Benzoate,(S);AC1LANVB;Sodiumbenzoate (TN);SODIUM BENZONATE;PUROX S;BENZOTRON(R);DSSTox_CID_140;E211, benzoate of soda;SCHEMBL823;ACMC-209l4v;EC 208-534-8;C7H5O2.Na;CHEMBL1356;DSSTox_RID_75393;DSSTox_GSID_20140;KSC271E6B;Sodium benzoate (JP17/NF);AC1Q1V61;DTXSID1020140;CTK1H1260;FEMA 3025;Sodium benzoate, 99% 500g;CHEBI:113455;MolPort-002-317-245;WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M;LABOTEST-BB LTBB002151;RONACARE(R) SODIUM BENZOATE;KS-00000X0T;Tox21_300125;ANW-31661;LABOTEST-BB LT03328366;MFCD00012463;AKOS003053000;AKOS015890021; AS01250;LS-2390;RL03967;RTR-018824;TRA0071045;NCGC00254072-01;AN-23553;CAS-532-32-1;KB-60502;SC-27055;AB1009551;TR-018824;FT-0645126;S0593;S0855;3860-EP2270007A1;3860-EP2270101A1;3860-EP2275105A1;3860-EP2275412A1;3860-EP2280009A1;3860-EP2287154A1;3860-EP2287160A1;3860-EP2289893A1;3860-EP2292611A1;3860-EP2295424A1;3860-EP2295426A1;3860-EP2295427A1;3860-EP2298735A1;3860-EP2298744A2;3860-EP2301924A1;3860-EP2301937A1;3860-EP2305673A1;3860-EP2305680A2;3860-EP2308877A1;3860-EP2311809A1;3860-EP2311821A1;3860-EP2311825A1;3860-EP2311834A1;3860-EP2311842A2;3860-EP2314575A1;3860-EP2314583A1;3860-EP2314584A1;D02277;A829462;I01-5022,J-519752;1011270-78-2;1219807-20-1;1351865-09-2;208-534-8 [EINECS];532-32-1 [RN];Benzoan sodny [Czech];Benzoate de sodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name];Benzoate, sodium;Benzoic acid sodium salt;BENZOIC ACID, SODIUM SALT;Benzoic acid, sodium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name];Natriumbenzoat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name];Natriumbenzolcarboxylat [German];OJ245FE5EU;Sodium Benzoate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [JAN] [JP15] [NF] [USAN] [Wiki];[532-32-1];1173022-20-2 [RN];62790-26-5 [RN];AMMONUL;Antimol;Benzoan sodny [Czech];BENZOATE OF SODA;Benzoesaeure (na-salz) [German];Benzoesaeure (na-salz) [German];BENZOIC ACID, SODIUM SALT-;BENZOTRON;E211;EINECS 208-534-8;MFCD00012463 [MDL number];Natrium benzoicum;SCHEMBL128630;Sobenate;Sodium [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki];sodium and benzoate;Sodium Benzoate (Fragrance Grade);Sodium Benzoate NF FCC;Sodium Benzoate USP;SODIUM BENZOATE-3,4,5-D3;Sodium Benzoate-d5;UCEPHAN;UNII:OJ245FE5EU;UNII-OJ245FE5EU;???? [Chinese];Benzoate of soda;AI3-07835;Antimol;Benzoan sodny;Benzoan sodny [Czech];Benzoate of soda;Benzoate sodium;Benzoesaeure (na-salz);Benzoesaeure (na-salz) [German];CCRIS 3921;Caswell No. 746;EINECS 208-534-8;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009103;FEMA No. 3025;FEMA Number 3025;HSDB 696; Natrium benzoicum;Sobenate;Sodium benzoate;Sodium benzoate,sodium salt of benzenecarboxylic acid; sodium salt of phenylcarboxylic acidSodium benzoate and sodium phenylacetate;Ammunol;C8H7O2.C7H5O2.2Na;Sodium phenylacetate and sodium benzoate;LS-178456;SODIUM BENZOATE; SODIUM PHENYLACETATE;Sodium benzoate mixture with sodium phenylacetate;Sodium phenylacetate mixture with sodium benzoate;725747-03-5;Benzoate, Sodium; Sodium Benzoate; sodium benzoate; 532-32-1; Benzoic acid, sodium salt; Sobenate; Antimol; Benzoic acid sodium salt; Benzoate sodium; Benzoate of soda; Benzoate, sodium; Natrium benzoicum; Caswell No. 746; Benzoan sodny [Czech]; FEMA Number 3025; UNII-OJ245FE5EU; FEMA No. 3025; CCRIS 3921; HSDB 696; Benzoesaeure (na-salz) [German]; Sodium benzoate solution; Carboxybenzene sodium salt; EINECS 208-534-8; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009103; OJ245FE5EU; E211; sodium;benzoate; AI3-07835; Benzoic acid, sodium salt (1:1); Sodiumbenzoate; Benzoan sodny; Benzoesaeure (na-salz); C7H5NaO2; Sodium benzoate [USAN:JAN]; BzONa; Sodium benzoate [USAN:JAN:NF]; Sodium Benzoate USP; NATRII BENZOAS; Sodium Benzoate,(S); AC1LANVB; Sodium benzoate (TN); SODIUM BENZONATE; PUROX S; BENZOTRON(R); DSSTox_CID_140; E211, benzoate of soda; SCHEMBL823; ACMC-209l4v; EC 208-534-8; C7H5O2.Na; CHEMBL1356; DSSTox_RID_75393; DSSTox_GSID_20140; KSC271E6B; Sodium benzoate (JP17/NF); AC1Q1V61; DTXSID1020140; CTK1H1260; FEMA 3025; Sodium benzoate, 99% 500g; CHEBI:113455; MolPort-002-317-245; WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M; LABOTEST-BB LTBB002151; Sodium Benzoate (Fragrance Grade); RONACARE(R) SODIUM BENZOATE; KS-00000X0T; Tox21_300125; ANW-31661; LABOTEST-BB LT03328366; MFCD00012463; AKOS003053000; AKOS015890021; AS01250; LS-2390; RL03967; RTR-018824; TRA0071045; NCGC00254072-01; AN-23553; CAS-532-32-1; KB-60502; SC-27055; AB1009551; TR-018824; FT-0645126; S0593; S0855; 3860-EP2270007A1; 3860-EP2270101A1; 3860-EP2275105A1; 3860-EP2275412A1; 3860-EP2280009A1; 3860-EP2287154A1; 3860-EP2287160A1; 3860-EP2289893A1; 3860-EP2292611A1; 3860-EP2295424A1; 3860-EP2295426A1; 3860-EP2295427A1; 3860; EP2298735A1; 3860-EP2298744A2; 3860-EP2301924A1; 3860-EP2301937A1; 3860-EP2305673A1; 3860-EP2305680A2; 3860-EP2308877A1; 3860-EP2311809A1; 3860-EP2311821A1; 3860-EP2311825A1; 3860-EP2311834A1; 3860-EP2311842A2; 3860-EP2314575A1; 3860-EP2314583A1; 3860-EP2314584A1; D02277; A829462; I01-5022; J-519752; 1011270-78-2; 1219807-20-1; 1351865-09-2; sodiyum benzoat; sodyum benzoate; sodium benzoat; sodyum benzat; sodium benzat

 

PROPERTIES

 

Sodium benzoate is a substance which has the chemical formula NaC7H5O2. It is a widely used food preservative, with an E number of E211. It is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water. It can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid.Sodium benzoate occurs naturally, along with benzoic acid and its esters, in many foods.Fruits and vegetables can be rich sources, particularly berries such as cranberry and bilberry, other sources include seafood such as prawns, and dairy products like milk, cheese and yogurt.

Sodium benzoate is a preservative, with the E number E211. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (i.e. acetic acid in vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (acetic acid), and condiment. It is also used as a preservative in medicines and cosmetics. Under these conditions it is converted into benzoic acid (E210), which is bacteriostatic and fungistatic. Benzoic acid is generally not used directly due to its poor water solubility. Concentration as a food preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight.Sodium benzoate is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, according to AFCO’s official publication.Sodium benzoate has been replaced by potassium sorbate in the majority of soft drinks in the United Kingdom

Sodium benzoate is used as a treatment for urea cycle disorders due to its ability to bind amino acids.This leads to excretion of these amino acids and a decrease in ammonia levels. Recent research shows that sodium benzoate may be beneficial as an add-on therapy (1 gram/day) in schizophrenia.Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores dropped by 21% compared to placebo.Sodium benzoate is used to treat hyperammonemia

Sodium benzoate is a synthetic chemical produced when benzoic acid, which is found naturally in some fruits and spices, is combined with sodium hydroxide. Since sodium benzoate contains a natural ingredient, it is probably safe, right? After all, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Canadian Health Protection Branch have pronounced this chemical preservative to be acceptable when consumed in low amounts.

Sodium benzoate is a sodium salt that is present at extremely low levels in berries, apples, plums, cinnamon, and several other natural foods. There’s nothing scary about the chemical in these items. But lab-synthesized sodium benzoate (and its close relative, benzoic acid) are a different story. When these preservatives are added to foods and to the interior of metal cans that contain beverages or liquid foods, they can have a detrimental effect on your health.

Sodium Benzoate is a salt of Benzoic Acid, found naturally in cranberries, prunes, plums, cinnamon, ripe cloves, and apples and used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care product formulas as a fragrance ingredient, masking ingredient, anti-corrosive agent, and most frequently, as a preservative. As a preservative, it prevents bacteria and fungi from developing in products and formulas and changing their compositions (Wikipedia). When combined with caffeine in Caffeine Sodium Benzoate, it can have a sunscreen effect, and provide UVB protection with antioxidant activity.

Sodium Benzoate is primarily used as FDA GRAS food additive and preservative in food and beverage applications to reduce or inhibit activity of microorganisms. These products, produced at our GFSI (FSSC 22000) certified facility, are also used in a wide range of other applications such as pharmaceuticals, toiletries, adhesives, pastes, polishes, cleaners, and emulsions. Benzoate salts are typically used at 0.1% in food and beverage applications, and up to 1% in cosmetic and household products. Potassium benzoate is designed to replace sodium benzoate in applications where low sodium content is desired. We serve our customers globally, providing several grades and physical forms from our facilities in Kalama, WA (USA) and Rotterdam, The Netherlands

sodium benzoate is a highly effective preservative. It is widely used for preserving foods, beverages (especially diet soft drinks), pharmaceuticals, toiletries, adhesives, pastes, polishes, cleaners, and emulsions. Common food uses include fruit juices and fruit salads, jellies, salad dressings, and sauces. It is also used to preserve low alcohol (< 15%) beverages as well as non-alcoholic beer.Sodium benzoate is an FDA GRAS food additive, approved for use as an antimicrobial agent, and as a flavoring agent and adjuvant (21 CFR § 184.1733). It also has applications in the industrial sector where it is used as a corrosion inhibitor in automotive cooling systems and in paper and wrapping materials.

Sodium benzoate has a chemical formula of C7H5NaO2. Sodium benzoate is an antimicrobial preservative and flavoring agent used in the food industry and a tablet and capsule lubricant used in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.Sodium benzoate is synthesized by combining benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide. Sodium benzoate does not occur naturally, but when it is mixed with water it produces benzoic acid, which can be found naturally in certain fruits such as plums, cranberries and apples. In the food industry, sodium benzoate is used in foods with an acidic pH such as pickles and salad dressings, in carbonated beverages, and in some fruit juice products.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifies a maximum level of 0.1 percent of sodium benzoate in food and at this level sodium benzoate is generally recognized as safe by the FDA. Toxicity of any type would not typically occur until a human ate a diet that contained ninety times the amount specified by the FDA. These low levels are most likely used in the pharmaceutical industry, as well.When sodium benzoate is combined with vitamin C, as in some soft drinks and other beverages, and exposed to elevated temperatures or light the cancer-causing chemical benzene may form. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum benzene level is set at 5 parts per billion (ppb) for drinking water, as a quality standard. In 2005-2007, the FDA sampled various soft drinks and other beverages that contained both single sodium benzoate and combined sodium benzoate and vitamin C and found that the vast majority of these beverages fell below the maximum level. Those products that were above the upper limit have since been reformulated. However, the FDA did not test every beverage on the market. FDA believes that the results of the surveys indicate that the levels of benzene found in soft drinks do not pose a safety concern.

Sodium benzoate has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the corrosion of mild steel in distilled water, a moderately hard mains-water and very dilute (e.g. 0·03%) sodium chloride solutions. The concentration of benzoate required for inhibition is greater (0·5%) for machined than for emeried surfaces (0·1% in favourable conditions) and for mains water or chloride solutions (1·0 or 1·5%) as compared with distilled water (0·5%).Movement of the solution, or saturation with oxygen, assists inhibition, but a pH below 6 causes breakdown. Comparisons with sodium chromate show that sodium benzoate is less efficient; it is, however, a ‘safe’ inhibitor since it does not lead to intense localized corrosion when the concentration is just below the minimum for protection. The following benzoates have also been shown to possess inhibitive properties: potassium, lithium, zinc and magnesium. Zinc is partly, and copper and aluminium completely, protected in 0·05% sodium benzoate solution at room temperature.An unusually high rate of hydrogen gas evolution occurs in dilute sodium chloride solutions containing insufficient sodium benzoate for complete inhibition. A tentative explanation is suggested. The detailed mechanism of the protective action of sodium benzoate is not yet established, but electrode-potential measurements and film-stripping experiments provide evidence for the view that anodio inhibition produces and maintains a continuous film. Electron-diffraction examination of the stripped film has so far yielded definite evidence of ?-ferric oxide (or Fe3O4) only.

Sodium Benzoate is primarily used as a preservative in food and beverage applications as an antimicrobial agent. Sodium Benzoate is typically used at levels up to 0.1% in food and beverage, is FDA Approved and GRAS classified. It is most suitable when used in foods and beverages with a pH of 4.5 or below.Uses for Sodium Benzoate are in carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, fruit and fruit juices, syrups, jams and jellies, olives, pickles, condiments and breads. Velsicol Sodium Benzoate is NF / FCC Grade / BP2015 / USP38, REACH registered and Halal and Kosher certified.

Clozapine is the last-line antipsychotic agent for refractory schizophrenia. To date, there is no convincing evidence for augmentation on clozapine. Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, including inhibition of D-amino acid oxidase that may metabolize D-amino acids, has been reported to be beneficial for patients receiving antipsychotics other than clozapine. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of a D-amino acid oxidase inhibitor, sodium benzoate, for schizophrenia patients who had poor response to clozapine.

Sodium benzoate, also known as benzoic acid sodium, is commonly used as food preservatives in food industry, odorless or with slight smell of benzoin, and tastes sweet astringency. Stable in air, can absorb moisture in open air. It’s naturally found in blueberry, apple, plum, cranberry, prunes, cinnamon and cloves, with weaker antiseptic performance than benzoic acid. Antiseptic performance of 1.180g sodium benzoate is equivalent of about 1g benzoic acid. In acidic environment, sodium benzoate have obvious inhibitory effect on a variety of microorganisms: when pH is at 3.5, 0.05% solution can completely inhibit the growth of yeast; while when pH is above 5.5, it has poor effect on a lot of mold and yeast; hardly has any effect in alkaline solution. After sodium benzoate enters into the body, in the process of biotransformation, it would combine with glycine to be uric acid, or combine with glucuronic acid to be glucosiduronic acid, and all to be eliminated from the body in urine, not to accumulate in the body. As long as it is within the scope of the normal dosage, it would be harmless to the human body, and it is a safe preservatives. It also can be used for carbonated beverages, concentrated juice, margarine, chewing gum base, jam, jelly, soy sauce, etc. Human acceptable daily intake (ADI) < 5 mg/kg body weight (take benzoic acid as calculation basis). 

Sodium benzoate has big lipophilicity, and it is easy to penetrate cell membrane into the cells, interfere in permeability of cell membrane, and inhibit cell membrane’s absorption of amino acids; cause Ionization acidification of alkaline storage in the cell when entering into, inhibit activity of respiratory enzymes, and stop condensation reaction of acetyl coenzyme A, and thereby achieve the purpose of food antiseptic.

The above information is edited by the Chemicalbook He Liaopu.

Sodium benzoate is a white granular or crystalline powdered chemical, which can be commonly be used as a food additive or preservative in food industry. It can find applications as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of some rare diseases like hyperammonemia and non-ketotic hyperglycinemia.

Sodium benzoate is a preservative found in a variety of foods, beverages and condiments. While it is generally recognized as safe in small doses, sodium benzoate may cause harmful health effects under certain conditions. Learning the facts on sodium benzoate allows you to assess its risks and benefits more accurately.

Sodium benzoate (SB) is one of the most widely used additives in food products in the world. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of three different concentrations of SB on the DNA breakage in liver cells and on the micronuclei formation and the mitotic index in lymphocytes of pregnant rats and their fetuses, as well as to evaluate the effects of SB on the fetus development. The results showed that general genomic injuries were present in almost all the liver cell samples obtained from the SB group compared with the control (non-treated) group. This indicates that SB usage may cause DNA damage and increase micronuclei formation. We recommend that pregnant women should avoid consuming foodstuffs containing SB as an additive.

In this study, the genotoxic effects of sodium benzoate (SB) and potassium benzoate (PB) were investigated in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes using chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronuclei (MN). The level of nuclear DNA damage of SB and PB were also evaluated using the comet assay. The lymphocytes were incubated with different concentrations of SB (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml) and PB (62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/ml). A significant increase was observed in CA, SCE, and MN, in almost all treatments compared to negative controls. SB and PB significantly decreased the mitotic index (MI) in all the treatments, compared to the negative controls. However, neither of the additives affected the replication index (RI). Although SB significantly increased DNA damage, PB did not cause a significant increase in DNA damage. The present results indicate that SB and PB are clastogenic, mutagenic and cytotoxic to human lymphocytes in vitro.

Sodium benzoate is the chemical benzoate of soda (C7H5NaO2), produced by the neutralization of benzoic acid with sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or sodium hydroxide. The salt is not found to occur naturally.

Sodium benzoate is food preservative that inhibits microbial growth. The effects of sodium benzoate preservative on micronucleus induction, chromosome break, and Ala40Thr superoxide dismutase gene mutation in lymphocytes were studied. Sodium benzoate concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0?mg/mL were treated in lymphocyte cell line for 24 and 48?hrs, respectively. Micronucleus test, standard chromosome culture technique, PCR, and automated sequencing technique were done to detect micronucleus, chromosome break, and gene mutation. The results showed that, at 24- and 48-hour. incubation time, sodium benzoate concentrations of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0?mg/mL increased micronucleus formation when comparing with the control group (). At 24- and 48-hour. incubation time, sodium benzoate concentrations of 2.0?mg/mL increased chromosome break when comparing with the control group (). Sodium benzoate did not cause Ala40Thr (GCGACG) in superoxide dismutase gene. Sodium benzoate had the mutagenic and cytotoxic toxicity in lymphocytes caused by micronucleus formation and chromosome break.

Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid , it has been used by food manufacturers for over 80 years to inhibit microbial growth.

Sodium Benzoate is primarily used as a preservative in food and beverage applications as an antimicrobial agent. Sodium Benzoate is typically used at levels up to 0.1% in food and beverage, is FDA Approved and GRAS classified. It is most suitable when used in foods and beverages with a pH of 4.5 or below.Uses for Sodium Benzoate are in carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, fruit and fruit juices, syrups, jams and jellies, olives, pickles, condiments and breads.

Sodium Benzoate, additives, acidulants, buffering agents and preservatives for the food and beverage industry. Sodium Benzoate is a clear, colorless, nearly odorless liquid.

Sodium benzoate E-211 a food preservative having the formula NaC7H5O2. It is the sodium salt of Benzoic acid. The common use of sodium benzoate is to enhance the shelf life of products. It has anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties and works well under acidic conditions. The reaction/process starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell. If the inter-cellular pH falls to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phsphofructokinase decreases sharply, which inhibits the growth and survival of microorganisms that cause food spoilage. The production of sodium benzoate is easily achieved by reaction of sodium hydroxide and benzoic acid.In the US, sodium benzoate is considered safe by FDAThe FDA has limited it to 0.1% of a product by weight (FDA, Sodium benzoate). The International Program on Chemical Safety found no adverse effects in humans at doses of 647–825 mg/kg of body weight per day. Whereas according to World Health organization, 0.2%-0.5%/kg is recommended. If sodium benzoate is taken with Vitamin C, it is less harmful. (WHO, 2000)

Most of the acidic foods such as pickles, salad dressing, fruit juices and soft drinks contain sodium benzoate. Manufacturers also add sodium benzoate to health and beauty products such as mouthwash, shampoo, body lotion and deodorant to prevent bacteria from contaminating these items. Over-the-counter and prescription drugs such as pills, cough syrups, and topical medications can also contain sodium benzoate. In combination with ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300), sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate may form benzene, a known carcinogen. When tested by the FDA, most beverages that contained both ascorbic acid and benzoate had benzene levels that were below those considered dangerous for consumption by the World Health Organization (5 ppm). Most of the beverages that tested higher have been reformulated and subsequently tested below the safety limit. Heat, light and shelf life can increase the rate at which benzene is formed.Sodium benzoate may trigger or exacerbate symptoms or episodes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, according to the Mayo clinic. The condition is most common in children, but it can be present in adults as well, and affected individuals may be forgetful, have difficulty concentrating and following directions or display impulsiveness. The Food Standards Agency concluded that the observed increases in hyperactive behavior, if real, were more likely to be linked to the artificial colors than to sodium benzoate. The report’s author, Jim Stevenson from Southampton University, said: “The results suggest that consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colours and sodium benzoate preservative is associated with increases in hyperactive behaviour in children. Many other influences are at work, but this at least is one a child can avoid.” (FSA, 2007)

Sodium benzoate has effective antimicrobial action against yeasts, molds, food poisoning bacteria and spore-forming bacteria. It is not effective against food spoilage bacteria like clostridia or lactic acid bacteria.Benzoic acid penetrates microorganisms’ cell walls and interferes with their enzymatic cell structure, thereby inhibiting cell growth.It is the effective part of sodium benzoate, because the undissociated acid can readily enter the cell walls.In order to undissociate benzoic acid, the pH level needs to be lower than its pKa. The pKa of benzoic acid is 4.2. Sodium benzoate is most effective in acidified foods with pH 2.5–4.2.3 This pH level is lower than that of sorbic acid and propionic acid.High water activity is needed to form benzoic acid. Sodium benzoate is used in the system with high water activity because such activity is needed to form benzoic acid.

Sodium Benzoate as a preservative to prevent food from moulding. In this form it is safe, however, scientists have shown that negative side-effects occur when it is mixed with Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C). Their studies indicate that it then turns into Benzene, a known carcinogen and DNA-damager. FDA tests find that most beverages, that contain both Ascorbic Acid and Sodium Benzoate, have Benzene levels that are below those considered dangerous for consumption by the World Health Organization.

In addition, most of the beverages that tested higher have since been reformulated. So, we know that in this case – the regulations are working in our favour.

It is, however, important to note that the rate at which benzene is formed differs according to light, heat exposure and the period of time that the product spends on the shelf before consumption.

Sodium benzoate is also a potent inhibitor of an enzyme called D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO).Less of this enzyme is a good thing  because DAAO breaks down d-serine, resulting in less d-serine and therefore less activation NMDA receptors (d-serine activates NMDA) (R).Less activation of NMDA receptors has been found to be a contributory factor in multiple chronic, cognitive-based disorders.While researching this article, I was surprised to find 2 double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials of sodium benzoate with positive results for schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s.  In schizophrenia,  D-amino acid oxidase has been connected to the brain D-serine metabolism and to the regulation of the glutamatergic neurotransmission.In a postmortem study, the activity of DAAO was found to be two-fold higher in schizophrenia (R).  By inhibiting this enzyme (DAAO) benzoate is working via a completely different mechanism than its anti-inflammatory and cholesterol lowering role.

Benzoic acid and benzoates are common additives to food, drinks, and other products. They are useful chemicals in manufactured products because they kill or inhibit both bacteria and fungi and can act as preservatives. In general, the chemicals are considered to be safe when they’re used in small quantities. There are some situations in which they may be harmful, however.Benzoic acid was first obtained from the resin of trees belonging to the Styrax genus. The fragrant resin smells like vanilla and is sometimes known as gum benzoin. Today benzoic acid is often made in the laboratory from other chemicals instead of being extracted from gum benzoin.

Benzoates are derived from benzoic acid and are more commonly used as food preservatives than the acid. Some people develop allergy-like symptoms when they are exposed to sodium benzoate. When the chemical reacts with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in drinks under certain conditions, benzene may be produced. Benzene is a carcinogen. A carcinogen is a substance that is capable of causing cancer.

Sodium benzoate is a widely used preservative found in many foods and soft drinks. It is metabolized within mitochondria to produce hippurate, which is then cleared by the kidneys. We previously reported that ingestion of sodium benzoate at the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) dose leads to a robust excursion in the plasma hippurate level . Since previous reports demonstrated adverse effects of benzoate and hippurate on glucose homeostasis in cells and in animal models, we hypothesized that benzoate might represent a widespread and underappreciated diabetogenic dietary exposure in humans. Here, we evaluated whether acute exposure to GRAS levels of sodium benzoate alters insulin and glucose homeostasis through a randomized, controlled, cross-over study of 14 overweight subjects. Serial blood samples were collected following an oral glucose challenge, in the presence or absence of sodium benzoate. Outcome measurements included glucose, insulin, glucagon, as well as temporal mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiles. We did not find a statistically significant effect of an acute oral exposure to sodium benzoate on glucose homeostasis. Of the 146 metabolites targeted, four changed significantly in response to benzoate, including the expected rise in benzoate and hippurate. In addition, anthranilic acid, a tryptophan metabolite, exhibited a robust rise, while acetylglycine dropped. Although our study shows that GRAS doses of benzoate do not have an acute, adverse effect on glucose homeostasis, future studies will be necessary to explore the metabolic impact of chronic benzoate exposure.

Sodium benzoate (NaB), the sodium salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid, is a widely used food preservative and a metabolite of cinnamon. NaB is also of medical importance, as it is a component of Ucephan and Ammonul (both are a combination of sodium benzoate and sodium phenylacetate), Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drugs used in the treatment of hepatic metabolic defects associated with hyperammonemia, such as the urea cycle disorder in children. The usual FDA-approved dose of NaB for patients with hyperammonemia is 4–10 g/d, which could be increased further during the treatment of acute stage hyperammonemia . It has been reported that a minor amount of NaB is also excreted in the urine of humans . It is nontoxic and can be administered as a solution in drinking water. It has been reported that a 2% solution of NaB in drinking water is safe for lifelong treatment in mice without any noticeable side effects. Recently, we have delineated that NaB is capable of maintaining and/or upregulating Tregs and protecting mice from relapsing-remitting experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). The mechanism by which NaB upregulates Tregs, however, remained unknown.

Sodium benzoate is an important and widely used food additive, however, its self-assembly properties in diverse solvents have been rarely studied. Here, we report different self-assembled aggregates, including sodium benzoate vesicles and sodium benzoate gel, in different solvent environments. Sodium benzoate vesicles and gel were identified by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Thermal Gravity Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) were further employed to study the formation mechanism of the sodium benzoate gel. A possible gel formation mechanism was proposed. Furthermore, sodium benzoate gel has multiple stimulus responsiveness, the addition of hydrochloric acid and metal ions can all cause disaggregation of sodium benzoate gel. Finally, sodium benzoate aggregates were found in calf serum.

Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt, NaC7H5O2, of benzoic acid, C7H6O2. It is produced when bezoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, and the sodium ion replaces one of the hydrogen ions in the acid to produce sodium benzoate and water. The chemical is found naturally in fruits such as plums and cranberries, and it is used as a preservative in food and cosmetics because it inhibits the growth of molds and bacteria.In some acidic foods, sodium benzoate may react with ascorbic or citric acid to produce benzene, a potential carcinogenic compound. Although it is sometimes confused with borax or sodium borate, which is a salt of boric acid, the two chemicals are completely different.

Salt of benzoic acid used as a preservative in both cosmetics and food products. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has designated it a “generally recognized as safe” ingredient.

Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt obtained when benzoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide. This is an acid-base reaction that produces a salt, which is sodium benzoate, and water. The chemical formula is:

C7H6O2 + NaOH = NaC7H5O2 + H2O

In water, the compound dissolves and dissocates into a sodium ion and a benzoic acid ion. In its solid form it is a white, granular or crystalline powder that can be added to food or cosmetics.Other sodium compounds with similar names are sodium borate or borax and sodium carbonate or soda. They are sometimes confused with sodium benzoate but are completely different chemicals. Borax is a salt of boric acid and contains boron while soda, distinct from baking soda or sodium bicarbonate, is a salt of carbonic acid. Neither is commonly used as a food additive because they are not as safe as sodium benzoate.

Sodium benzoate keeps molds and bacteria from growing in food and cosmetics. It is found in many fruit drinks, in salad dressings and oils, and in jams. Cosmetic manufacturers use it in skin creams and other cosmetics to keep them fresh. It is found naturally in fruits such as plums and cranberries and in spices such as cinnamon. Use of the chemical is widespread because it is inexpensive and because small concentrations, typically 0.05 – 0.1 percent, are effective.

In solution, the benzoic acid ion is the active ingredient and acts directly on micro-organisms to limit their activity. When used in certain foods such as acid citrus drinks, the sodium benzoate may react with the other acids such as citric or ascorbic acids to form benzene, a potential carcinogenic compound. Because the levels of sodium benzoate in most foods are so low, the corresponding concentration of benzene will also be below dangerous levels. In general, sodium benzoate is a safe, common, inexpensive and effective food additive with possibly some restrictions for a high consumption of certain acid foods.

Sodium benzoate keeps molds and bacteria from growing in food and cosmetics. It is found in many fruit drinks, in salad dressings and oils, and in jams. Cosmetic manufacturers use it in skin creams and other cosmetics to keep them fresh. It is found naturally in fruits such as plums and cranberries and in spices such as cinnamon. Use of the chemical is widespread because it is inexpensive and because small concentrations, typically 0.05 – 0.1 percent, are effective.In solution, the benzoic acid ion is the active ingredient and acts directly on micro-organisms to limit their activity. When used in certain foods such as acid citrus drinks, the sodium benzoate may react with the other acids such as citric or ascorbic acids to form benzene, a potential carcinogenic compound. Because the levels of sodium benzoate in most foods are so low, the corresponding concentration of benzene will also be below dangerous levels. In general, sodium benzoate is a safe, common, inexpensive and effective food additive with possibly some restrictions for a high consumption of certain acid foods.

Sodium benzoate is one of a range of ingredients used as preservatives in Green People products. It is a food grade preservative with specific actions against gram- bacteria, moulds and yeasts.Sodium benzoate is a naturally occurring substance found in many fruits including cranberries, raspberries and cherries. Whilst some people are sensitive to this ingredient when ingested (taken in by mouth), as it is used in cosmetics for external application it is completely safe and very well tolerated.Sodium benzoate is permitted as a preservative by all organic certification bodies worldwide

The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to grow or survive wasdetermined using tryptose broth at pH 5.6 or 5.0, supplementedwith 0, 0.05. 0.1, 0.15. 0.2. 0.25 or 0.3% sodium benzoate, andincubated at 4,13,21 or 35°C. The bacterium grew in benzoatefreecontrols under all conditions except at 4°C and pH 5.0. At pH5.6 and 4°C, after 60 d, L. monocytogenes (initial population ca.103/ml) was inactivated by 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3% sodium benzoate.Other concentrations of benzoate permitted slight growth duringthe first 36 d of incubation followed by a decrease in populationsof the pathogen. At pH 5.0 and 4°C, from 0.15 to 0.3% benzoate

completely inactivated the pathogen in 24 to 30 d, whereas theother concentrations caused a gradual decrease in the populationduring the 66-d incubation period. At 13°C and pH 5.6, L.monocytogenes grew (more at lower than higher concentrations ofbenzoate) in the presence of all concentrations of benzoate except0.25 or 0.3%, which prohibited growth throughout a 264-h incubationperiod. Reducing the pH to 5.0 minimized growth at thetwo low concentrations of benzoate and caused slight decreases inpopulation at the other concentrations of benzoate. At 21 and35°C and pH 5.6, appreciable growth of L. monocytogenes occurredin the presence of 0.2% or less sodium benzoate, whereashigher concentrations were inhibitory, permitting little if anygrowth by the pathogen. Reducing the pH to 5.0 allowed limited

growth of the pathogen at 21 and 35°C when the medium contained0.05 or 0.1% sodium benzoate. Higher concentrationscaused either complete inhibition or inhibition plus partial orcomplete inactivation of the pathogen during incubations of 117h at 21<>C or 78 h at 35°C.

Sodium benzoate is usually given three or four times a day.

-Three times a day: this should be in the morning, early afternoon and at bedtime. Ideally, these times are at least 6 hours apart, for example 8 am, 2 pm and 8 pm.

-Four times a day: this is usually first thing in the morning, at about midday, late in the afternoon and at bedtime. Ideally, these times should be at least 4 hours apart, for example 8 am, midday, 4 pm and 8 pm.

Give the medicine at about the same time(s) each day so that this becomes part of your child’s daily routine, which will help you to remember.

Sodium benzoate is a widespread food preservative that is found in a number of food products. It is basically a type of salt that is, mostly, chemically prepared to preserve a variety of food products from bacteria, yeast and fungi growth. Food products that are acidic often contain sodium benzoate in small amounts. It goes well as a preservative in foods like cold drinks, vinegar, juice and salad dressings. Sodium benzoate is also occurs naturally in fruits like apples, cranberries and plums. Cloves and cinnamons also have a certain amount of sodium benzoate content in them. Although sodium benzoate is found in certain foods and spices naturally, it does not play the role of a preservative for the foods that it is found in.

The most important of the sodium benzoate properties is that it kills bacteria, yeast or fungi growth. It works the best for foods that have pH balance less than 3.6. It is e211 and its chemical formula is NaC6H5CO2. Also, the concentration of sodium benzoate as a food preservative is limited to 0.1% by weight. Sodium benzoate is soluble in water and its melting point is 300 degrees. The taste of sodium benzoate is salty and it the food bitter, if added in larger quantities

To employ high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques to determine edibleadditives in commercial sports drinks.A total of 105 samples including 21 different brands of sports drinks were purchased frommarkets in Tehran, Iran. The process conditions included a C18 column, a mobile phase consisting ofaqueous ammonium acetate buffer (pH = 4.2) and acetonitrile (80:20 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml min–1The injection volume was 20 µL and the UV detector was set at 225 nm.

Results: Mean recovery was between 95 and 106 %. The mean concentrations of sodium benzoateand potassium sorbate in Iranian brands (147.72 and 11.54 ppm, respectively) were significantly higherthan in foreign brands (19.43 and 4.91 ppm, respectively, p < 0.05). The maximum amount of sodiumbenzoate and potassium sorbate was 251.50 ± 18.69 and 96.38 ± 38.56 ppm, respectively, whilecaffeine content was in the range of 293.48 ± 14.33 – 607.32 ± 135.33 ppm.HPLC permits the detection of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate at very lowconcentrations. Furthermore, caffeine was detected in all the sport drinks. Only Brilliant Blue and AlluraRed were detected in the drinks

Sodium Benzoate is primarily used as a food additive and preservative to reduce or inhibit the activity of microorganisms. Sodium benzoate is FDA GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) and is also used widely in other applications such as cosmetics, household items, toiletries, emulsions and other products.

Hawkins is where to buy Sodium Benzoate.   Hawkins carries high purity, food grade Sodium Benzoate.  Sodium Benzoate is available in bulk.Sodium Benzoate is a preservative. As a food additive it is bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments.Hawkins Inc. is a Sodium Benzoate supplier. As a Sodium Benzoate distributor Hawkins distributes Sodium Benzoate to various companies for a variety of applications and uses. Our customers depend on Hawkins for a consistent and cost-effective supply of Sodium Benzoate.   Hawkins has a team dedicated to ensuring quality of the Sodium Benzoate we supply.

Sodium benzoate is a preservative approved worldwide to maintain quality and taste in foodstuffs.  As well as its use as a preservative to maintain the microbiological safety of foodstuffs,  sodium benzoate also occurs naturally in a wide range of foods, such as cranberries, at levels that are usually much higher than those at which it is used as a preservative.Sodium benzoate is approved by the European regulatory authorities.  It is safe and, as normally consumed, has no negative effects on health.Sodium Benzoate has been in use for more than 100 years and is widely used by the food and beverage industry to maintain quality and taste.  It is approved for use in soft drinks by the European Union as well as other international regulatory bodies including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan.All drinks in which sodium benzoate has been added carry clear labelling in the ingredients list on the bottle or can.  The E number for sodium benzoate is E211.

The aim of present work was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite andpotassium sorbate and their synergistic action (sodium nitrite + sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite + potassiumsorbate, sodium benzoate + potassium sorbate) on selected food- spoiling bacteria and fungi, for a potential use infood industry. The following species of microorganisms were tested: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, Staphylococcusaureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum,Candida albicans, Trichoderma harsianum and Penicillium italicum. The strongest antimicrobial effect was

exerted by sodium nitrite (MIC 0.5 mg/ml) in relation to the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Synergisticaction was noticed against 40% of the tested species (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillusmucoides and Candida albicans) in the case of the sodium nitrite + sodium benzoate combination; and against30% of them (Bacillus mucoides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) in that of the sodium nitrite+ potassium sorbate combination. Escherichia coli manifested the greatest sensitivity to the combined action ofpreservatives, Aspergillus flavus the greatest resistance.

THE chlorination of benzoic acid in alkaline solution by means of sodium hypochlorite is often quoted as an example of the effect of ionisation on orientation. Lossen’s experiments1 have been repeated, and it is now found that the product of chlorination contains 48 per cent ortho-, 32 per cent meta- and 20 per cent para-chlorobenzoic acid. This is an unusual type of orientation.

Sodium Benzoate is a powder that is used by many bait makers. Sodium can be used to stop the aging process of meat, preserve urine and fish oils, and is also good for liquid baits and cut up fish.

 

Directions for meat baits:

Age or taint your meat to the desired level. Then thoroughly mix in the sodium benzoate making sure the sodium benzoate is evenly distributed. 

     – 2 Tablespoons of Sodium Benzoate per pint of meat

     – 1 cup of Sodium Benzoate per gallon of meat

The meat will continue to age slightly because it takes 7-10 days for full effect. 

Directions for Urines and Oils:

Take a 5-7 ounces of urine or oil out of your bottle and put it into a bowl or container with lid. Add the appropriate amount of sodium and either whisk or shake the sodium into the 5-7 ounces. Try to dissolve this sodium as much as possible. Then you can return the sodium treated urine or oil back to the container and mix well. 

     – 2 tablespoons per gallon of urine or oil

 

Health and Safety

In the United States, sodium benzoate is designated as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration. The International Programme on Chemical Safety found no adverse effects in humans at doses of 647–825 mg/kg of body weight per day.Cats have a significantly lower tolerance against benzoic acid and its salts than rats and mice.The human body rapidly clears sodium benzoate by combining it with glycine to form hippuric acid which is then excreted.The metabolic pathway for this begins with the conversion of benzoate by butyrate-CoA ligase into an intermediate product, benzoyl-CoA,which is then metabolized by glycine N-acyltransferase into hippuric acid.

The amount of sodium benzoate in foods is so low it is unlikely to cause significant side effects in most people. After ingestion, it is absorbed rapidly and metabolized by the liver before being excreted by the kidneys. Sodium benzoate can trigger allergic reactions in some people, though. According to the December 2007 issue of “Environmental Health Perspectives” it has also been implicated as a potential trigger for hyperactivity in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sodium benzoate does in itself not cause the disorder, and more research is needed to determine what role, if any, it plays in worsening hyperactivity.

 

 

Hyperactivity

Research published in 2007 for the UK’s Food Standards Agency (FSA) suggests that certain artificial colors, when paired with sodium benzoate, may be linked to hyperactive behavior. The results were inconsistent regarding sodium benzoate, so the FSA recommended further study. The Food Standards Agency concluded that the observed increases in hyperactive behavior, if real, were more likely to be linked to the artificial colors than to sodium benzoate.The report’s author, Jim Stevenson from Southampton University, said: “The results suggest that consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colours and sodium benzoate preservative are associated with increases in hyperactive behaviour in children. Many other influences are at work but this at least is one a child can avoid.”

 

 

Benzene Formation

Benzene is a chemical that has been linked to increased risk of leukemia and other blood cancers. While sodium benzonate doesn’t contain benzene, it can form benzene when combined with ascorbic acid. The Organic Consumers Association says benzene levels between two and 20 parts per billion have been found in some soft drinks containing sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C. The safe level of benzene for drinking water is only five parts per billion, making the amounts of benzene in some soft drinks a health concern.

 

Uses

The most common source of sodium benzoate is food; manufacturers use it as a preservative to prevent spoilage. Acidic products like sauerkraut, jellies and jams, hot sauce and soda are the most common sources of sodium benzoate. Less commonly, sodium benzoate is used as a medication to treat hyperammonemia, a rare disorder that causes excess ammonia to accumulate in the blood. Traces of sodium benzoate are present naturally in some foods and seasonings, including cranberries, cinnamon, prunes and apples.Sodium benzoate is used in acidic foods and products to control bacteria, mold, yeasts, and other microbes. It interferes with their ability to make energy.Because it only converts to benzoic acid in acidic environments, it is not used for its anti-microbial action unless the pH is below about 3.6. In the food industry, it is used in items such as jams, salad dressing, juices, pickles, and carbonated drinks.It is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in automotive anti-freeze products.

 

 

APPLICATION 

-Its usage level in most kinds of food is 0.05–-0.1%.3 It is used in acidified foods, such as carbonated beverages, fruit juices, cider, pickles, and sauerkraut.

-It is low in cost.

-Sodium chloride has a considerable synergistic effect with it.3

-When used in oil-in-water emulsions, like mayonnaise, sodium benzoate is used in combination with potassium sorbate.2 This mixture has a stronger effect against acid-producing bacteria than either of the two preservatives individually.

-Benzoic acid is ineffective against oxidation and enzymatic spoilage.2 When used in fruit products, sodium benzoate is usually combined with small quantities of sulfur dioxide or other antioxidants.

 

 

ÖZELLKLER

Sodyum benzoat, NaC7H5O2 kimyasal formülüne sahip bir maddedir. E211 E says ile yaygn olarak kullanlan bir gda koruyucudur. Bu, benzoik asidin sodyum tuzudur ve suda çözündüünde bu formda bulunur. Sodyum hidroksitin benzoik asitle reaksiyona sokulmasyla üretilebilir. Benzin benzoat doal olarak benzoik asit ve esterleri ile birlikte birçok gdada bulunur. Meyve ve sebzeler, özellikle kzlck ve yabanmersini gibi meyveler olmak üzere zengin kaynaklar olabilir. Karidesler, süt, peynir ve yourt gibi süt ürünleri.

Sodyum benzoat, E says E211 olan bir koruyucu maddedir. En yaygn olarak salata soslar (örnein sirke asetik asit), karbonatl içecekler (karbonik asit), reçeller ve meyve sular (sitrik asit), turu (asetik asit) ve çeni gibi asidik gdalarda kullanlr. laç ve kozmetikte koruyucu olarak da kullanlmaktad. Bu koullar altnda bakteriyostatik ve fungistatik olan benzoik aside (E210) dönütürülür. Benzoik asit genellikle zayf su çözünürlüü nedeniyle dorudan kullanlmaz. Bir gda koruyucu olarak younlatrma, ABD’de FDA tarafndan arlkça% 0.1’e kadar snrlandrlmtr. AFCO’nun resmi yaynna göre sodyum benzoat,% 0.1’e varan bir hayvansal gda katk maddesi olarak da kullanlabilir. Sodyum benzoat, Birleik Krallk’taki merubatlarn çounda potasyum sorbat ile yer deitirmitir.

Sodyum benzoat, amino asitleri balayabilme özelliinden dolay üre döngüsü bozukluklar için bir tedavi olarak kullanlmaktadr. Bu, bu amino asitlerin atlmna ve amonyak seviyelerinde bir azalmaya yol açar. Son zamanlardaki aratrmalar, sodyum benzoatn izofrenide ek tedavi (1 gram / gün) olarak yararl olabileceini göstermektedir. Toplam Pozitif ve Negatif Sendrom Ölçei puanlar plaseboya göre% 21 azalmtr. Hiperamonyemi tedavisinde sodyum benzoat kullanlmtr.

Sodyum benzoat, baz meyve ve baharatlarda doal olarak bulunan benzoik asit sodyum hidroksit ile birletirildiinde üretilen sentetik bir kimyasaldr. Sodyum benzoat doal bir bileen içerdiinden, muhtemelen güvenlidir, deil mi? Sonuçta, ABD Gda ve laç Dairesi (FDA) ve Kanada Salk Koruma ubesi, bu kimyasal koruyucunun düük miktarlarda tüketildiinde kabul edilebilir olduunu belirtti.

Sodyum benzoat, meyveler, elma, erik, tarçn ve dier baz doal gdalarda ar derecede düük seviyelerde bulunan bir sodyum tuzudur. Bu öelerdeki kimyasallar hakknda hiçbir ey korkutucu deil. Ancak laboratuar sentezlenmi sodyum benzoat (ve yakn akrabas, benzoik asit) farkl bir hikaye. Bu koruyucu maddeler yiyeceklere ve içecek veya sv gda içeren metal kutularn içine eklendiinde, salnza zararl bir etkisi olabilir.

Sodyum Benzoat, doal olarak kzlck, kuru erik, erik, tarçn, olgun karanfil ve elmalarda bulunan ve kozmetik ve kiisel bakm ürünü formüllerinde bir parfüm maddesi, maskeleme maddesi, anti-korozif ajan olarak koruyucu olarak kullanlan Benzoik Asit tuzudur. ve en sk olarak koruyucu olarak. Bir koruyucu olarak, bakteri ve mantarlarn ürün ve formüller gelitirmesini ve bileimlerini deitirmesini önler (Wikipedia). Kafein Sodyum Benzoat’ta kafein ile kombine edildiinde, güne koruyucu etkisi olabilir ve antioksidan aktivite ile UVB korumas salayabilir.

Sodyum Benzoat esas olarak mikroorganizmalarn aktivitesini azaltmak veya inhibe etmek için gda ve içecek uygulamalarnda FDA GRAS gda katk maddesi ve koruyucu olarak kullanlr. GFSI (FSSC 22000) sertifikal tesisimizde üretilen bu ürünler, ilaç, banyo malzemeleri, yaptrclar, macunlar, cilalar, temizleyiciler ve emülsiyonlar gibi çok çeitli uygulamalarda da kullanlmaktadr. Benzoat tuzlar tipik olarak yiyecek ve içecek uygulamalarnda% 0.1 ve kozmetik ve ev ürünlerinde% 1’e kadar kullanlr. Potasyum benzoat, düük sodyum içeriinin arzu edildii uygulamalarda sodyum benzoatn yerini alacak ekilde tasarlanmtr. Dünya çapnda müterilerimize hizmet vermekte, Kalama, WA (ABD) ve Rotterdam, Hollanda’daki tesislerimizde çeitli kaliteler ve fiziksel formlar sunmaktadr.

sodyum benzoat oldukça etkili bir koruyucu maddedir. Gdalarn, içeceklerin (özellikle diyet içecekleri), eczacln, tuvalet malzemelerinin, yaptrclarn, macunlarn, cilalarn, temizleyicilerin ve emülsiyonlarn korunmas için yaygn olarak kullanlr. Yaygn yiyecek kullanmlar arasnda meyve sular ve meyve salatalar, jöleler, salata soslar ve soslar bulunur. Ayn zamanda düük alkollü (<% 15) içeceklerin yan sra alkolsüz birann da muhafaza edilmesi için kullanlr. Sodyum benzoat, bir antimikrobiyal madde olarak kullanm için onaylanm bir FDA GRAS gda katk maddesidir ve bir tatlandrc ajan ve yardmc madde olarak (21 CFR §) 184,1733). Ayrca otomotiv soutma sistemlerinde ve kat ve ambalaj malzemelerinde korozyon önleyici olarak kullanld endüstriyel sektörde uygulamalar bulunmaktadr.

Sodyum benzoat C7H5NaO2 kimyasal formülüne sahiptir. Sodyum benzoat, gda endüstrisinde kullanlan bir antimikrobiyal koruyucu ve aroma maddesi ve farmasötik imalat sanayinde kullanlan bir tablet ve kapsül yalaycsdr. Benzo benzoat, benzoik asidin sodyum hidroksit ile birletirilmesiyle sentezlenir. Sodyum benzoat doal olarak olumaz, fakat su ile kartrldnda erik, kzlck ve elma gibi baz meyvelerde doal olarak bulunan benzoik asit üretir. Gda endüstrisinde, sodyum benzoat, turu ve salata soslar, gazl içeceklerde ve baz meyve suyu ürünlerinde asidik pH’l gdalarda kullanlr. ABD Gda ve laç Dairesi (FDA), maksimum% 0.1 seviyesinde Gdada sodyum benzoat ve bu seviyede sodyum benzoat genellikle FDA tarafndan güvenli olarak kabul edilir. Bir insann toksisitesi tipik olarak, bir insan FDA tarafndan belirtilen miktarn doksan katn içeren bir diyet yiyene kadar gerçeklemez. Bu düük seviyeler büyük ihtimalle ilaç endüstrisinde de kullanlmaktadr. Sodyum benzoat baz yumuak içecekler ve dier içeceklerde olduu gibi C vitamini ile birletirildiinde ve yüksek scaklklara veya a maruz kaldnda kansere neden olan kimyasal benzen oluabilir. Çevre Koruma Ajans (EPA) maksimum benzen seviyesi, kalite standard olarak içme suyu için milyarda 5 parça (ppb) olarak belirlenmitir. 2005-2007 yllarnda FDA, hem tek sodyum benzoat hem de kombine sodyum benzoat ve C vitamini içeren çeitli merubat ve dier içecekleri örneklemi ve bu içeceklerin büyük çounluunun maksimum seviyenin altna dütüünü bulmutur. Üst snrn üstünde olan ürünler yeniden düzenlenmitir. Bununla birlikte, FDA piyasadaki her içecei test etmedi. FDA, anketlerin sonuçlarnn, alkolsüz içeceklerde bulunan benzen seviyelerinin bir güvenlik kaygs oluturmadn gösterdiini düünmektedir.

Sodyum benzoatn, damtlm suda, orta derecede sert bir – suda ve çok seyreltikte (ör.,% 0 03) sodyum klorür çözeltilerinde, yumuak çeliin korozyonunun etkili bir inhibitörü olduu görülmütür. nhibe edilmek için gerekli olan benzoat konsantrasyonu, ilenmi yüzeylere göre (% 0 -% 5) daha iyi (% 0 – 1 uygun koullarda) ve ebeke suyu veya klorür çözeltileri (1 – 0 veya 1 – 5%) ile karlatrldnda daha yüksektir. damtlm su (% 0,5) Çözeltinin hareketi veya oksijen ile doyma, inhibisyona yardmc olur, ancak 6’nn altndaki bir pH, bozulmaya neden olur. Sodyum kromat ile yaplan karlatrmalar, sodyum benzoatn daha az verimli olduunu göstermektedir; Bununla birlikte, bir “güvenli” inhibitördür, çünkü konsantrasyon koruma için minimum seviyenin altnda olduunda youn lokal korozyona yol açmaz. Aadaki benzoatlarn ayrca, inhibe edici özelliklere sahip olduu gösterilmitir: potasyum, lityum, çinko ve magnezyum. Çinko ksmen, ve bakr ve alüminyum tamamen, oda scaklnda% 0-05 sodyum benzoat çözeltisi içinde korunmutur. Tam olarak engellenmesi için yetersiz sodyum benzoat içeren seyreltik sodyum klorür çözeltilerinde allmadk ekilde yüksek bir hidrojen gaz çk meydana gelir. Geçici bir açklama önerilmektedir. Sodyum benzoatn koruyucu etkisinin ayrntl mekanizmas henüz belirlenmemitir, ancak elektrot measurements potansiyel ölçümleri ve film – soyma deneyleri, anodio inhibisyonunun sürekli bir film oluturduu ve sürdürdüü görüü için kant salamaktadr. Soyulmu filmin elektron – difraksiyon incelemesi, imdiye kadar sadece ? – ferrik oksit (veya Fe3O4) kesin kant vermitir.

Sodyum benzoat, gda endüstrisinde yaygn olarak bir gda katk maddesi veya koruyucu olarak kullanlabilen beyaz renkli veya kristalin toz halindeki bir kimyasaldr. Hiperamonyemi ve non-ketotik hiperglisinemi gibi baz nadir hastalklarn tedavisinde terapötik bir ajan olarak uygulamalar bulabilir.

Sodyum benzoat, çeitli yiyecek, içecek ve çenilerde bulunan bir koruyucu maddedir. Genellikle küçük dozlarda güvenli olarak kabul edilirken, sodyum benzoat belirli koullar altnda zararl salk etkilerine neden olabilir. Sodyum benzoat ile ilgili gerçekleri örenmek, risklerini ve faydalarn daha doru bir ekilde deerlendirmenizi salar.

Sodyum benzoat (SB), dünyadaki gda ürünlerinde en çok kullanlan katk maddelerinden biridir. Bu çalmann amac, SB’nin üç farkl konsantrasyonunun karacier hücrelerindeki DNA krlmas ve mikronükleus oluumu ve mitotik indeksinin gebe sçanlarn ve fetuslarn lenfositlerindeki etkisini deerlendirmek ve ayrca SB’nin etkilerini deerlendirmektir. fetüs geliiminde. Sonuçlar, SB grubundan elde edilen karacier hücresi örneklerinin tamamnda, kontrol (tedavi edilmemi) gruba kyasla, genel genomik yaralanmalarn mevcut olduunu gösterdi. Bu, SB kullanmnn DNA hasarna ve mikronükleus oluumuna neden olabileceini gösterir. Hamile kadnlarn, bir katk maddesi olarak SB içeren gda maddelerini tüketmemelerini öneriyoruz.

Bu çalmada, sodyum benzoat (SB) ve potasyum benzoatn (PB) genotoksik etkileri, kromozom anomalileri (CA), karde kromatid deiimi (SCE) ve mikronükleus (MN) kullanlarak kültürlenmi insan periferik lenfositlerinde aratrlmtr. SB ve PB’nin nükleer DNA hasar seviyesi de kuyruklu yldz analizi kullanlarak deerlendirildi. Lenfositler, farkl konsantrasyonlarda SB (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 ve 100 µg / ml) ve PB (62.5, 125, 250, 500 ve 1000 µg / ml) ile inkübe edildi. CA, SCE ve MN’de negatif kontrollere kyasla hemen hemen tüm tedavilerde önemli bir art gözlenmitir. SB ve PB, tüm tedavilerde, negatif kontrollere kyasla mitotik indeksi (MI) önemli ölçüde azaltmtr. Ancak, katk maddelerinin hiçbiri çoaltma dizinini (RI) etkilemedi. SB, DNA hasarn önemli ölçüde artrmasna ramen, PB, DNA hasarnda önemli bir arta neden olmamtr. Bu sonuçlar, SB ve PB’nin in vitro olarak insan lenfositleri için klastojenik, mutajenik ve sitotoksik olduunu göstermektedir.

Sodyum benzoat, sodyum bikarbonat, sodyum karbonat veya sodyum hidroksit ile benzoik asitin nötrletirilmesiyle üretilen soda (C7H5NaO2) kimyasal benzoattr. Tuz doal olarak meydana gelmez.

Sodyum benzoat, mikrobiyal büyümeyi engelleyen gda koruyucu maddedir. Sodyum benzoat koruyucunun lenfositlerdeki mikronükleus indüksiyonu, kromozom krlmas ve Ala40Thr süperoksit dismutaz gen mutasyonu üzerindeki etkileri aratrld. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 ve 2.0 mg / mL’lik sodyum benzoat konsantrasyonlar, srasyla 24 ve 48 saat boyunca lenfosit hücre hattnda tedavi edildi. Mikronukleus testi, standart kromozom kültür teknii, PCR ve otomatik sralama teknii, mikronükleus, kromozom krlmas ve gen mutasyonunu saptamak için yapld. Sonuçlar, 24 ve 48 saatte gösterdi. nkübasyon süresi, kontrol grubu () ile karlatrldnda, 1.0, 1.5 ve 2.0 mg / mL sodyum benzoat konsantrasyonlar mikronükleus oluumunu arttrd. 24 ve 48 saatte. inkübasyon süresi, kontrol grubu () ile karlatrldnda, 2.0 mg / mL’lik sodyum benzoat konsantrasyonlar, kromozom krlmasn arttrd. Sodyum benzoat süperoksit dismutaz geninde Ala40Thr’ye (GCGACG) neden olmamtr. Sodyum benzoat, mikronükleus oluumu ve kromozom kopmasndan kaynaklanan lenfositlerde mutajenik ve sitotoksik toksisiteye sahipti.

ABD’de, sodyum benzoat FDAThe tarafndan güvenli kabul edilir FDA arlkça bir ürünün% 0.1’ine (FDA, Sodyum benzoat) snrlamtr. Uluslararas Kimyasal Güvenlik Program, insanlarda günde 647–825 mg / kg vücut arl dozunda hiçbir yan etki göstermedi. Oysa Dünya Salk Örgütü’ne göre% 0,2-% 0,5 / kg önerilir. C vitamini ile sodyum benzoat alnrsa, daha az zararldr. (WHO, 2000)

Mayo kliniine göre, sodyum benzoat, semptomlar veya dikkat eksiklii hiperaktivite bozukluu veya DEHB epizodlarn tetikleyebilir veya iddetlendirebilir. Bu durum, çocuklarda en yaygn olandr, ancak yetikinlerde de olabilir ve etkilenen bireyler unutkan olabilir, younlamak ve yönlerini takip etmek veya dürtüsellik sergilemekte güçlük çekebilirler. Gda Standartlar Ajans, hiperaktif davranta gözlemlenen artn, eer gerçekse, yapay renklere sodyum benzoattan daha fazla bal olduu sonucuna varmtr. Raporun yazar, Southampton Üniversitesi’nden Jim Stevenson unlar söyledi: “Sonuçlar, suni gda renklerinin ve sodyum benzoat koruyucunun belirli karmlarnn tüketiminin, çocuklarda hiperaktif davrantaki artlarla ilikili olduunu ileri sürüyor. bir çocuktan kaçnlabilir. ” (ÖSO, 2007)

Sodyum benzoat, benzoik asidin sodyum tuzu olup, 80 yl akn süredir gda üreticileri tarafndan mikrobiyal büyümeyi engellemek için kullanlmtr.

Sodyum Benzoat öncelikle gda ve içecek uygulamalarnda antimikrobiyal ajan olarak koruyucu olarak kullanlr. Sodyum benzoat tipik olarak yiyecek ve içeceklerde% 0.1’e kadar olan seviyelerde kullanlr, FDA onayl ve GRAS snflandrlr. Sodyum Benzoat için sodyum veya sodyum karbonatl içecekler, meyve ve meyve sular, uruplar, reçeller ve jöleler, zeytinler, turular, çeniler ve ekmekler.

Sodyum benzoat E-211, NaC7H5O2 formülüne sahip bir gda koruyucu maddesidir. Benzoik asitin sodyum tuzu. Sodyum benzoatn yaygn kullanm, ürünlerin raf ömrünü arttrmaktr. Anti-fungal ve anti-bakteriyel özelliklere sahiptir ve asidik koullarda iyi çalr. Reaksiyon / ilem, benzoik asidin hücre içine emilmesi ile balar. Hücreler aras pH deeri 5 veya daha düük olursa, glikozun fsphofructokinase yoluyla anaerobik fermentasyonu keskin bir ekilde azalr, bu da gda bozulmasna neden olan mikroorganizmalarn büyümesini ve hayatta kalmasn engeller. Sodyum benzoat üretimi, sodyum hidroksit ve benzoik asit reaksiyonu ile kolayca elde edilir.

Sodyum benzoat, mayalar, küfler, gda zehirlenmesi bakterileri ve spor oluturucu bakterilere kar etkili antimikrobiyal etkiye sahiptir. Clostridia veya laktik asit bakterileri gibi gda bozulma bakterilerine kar etkili deildir.Benzoik asit mikroorganizmalarn hücre duvarlarna nüfuz eder ve enzimatik hücre yapsna müdahale ederek hücre büyümesini engeller, böylece sodyum benzoatn etkili ksmdr, çünkü çözünmemi asit kolayca Hücre duvarlarna girer. Benzoik asiti ayrmak için pH seviyesinin pKa deerinden daha düük olmas gerekir. Benzoik asitin pKa deeri 4.2’dir. Sodyum benzoat, pH 2.5–4.2.3 ile asitletirilmi gdalarda en etkilidir. Bu pH seviyesi, sorbik asit ve propionik asitinkinden daha düüktür. Yüksek su aktivitesine benzoik asit oluturmak için ihtiyaç vardr. Yüksek su aktivitesine sahip sistemde sodyum benzoat kullanlr, çünkü benzoik asit oluturmak için bu aktiviteye ihtiyaç vardr.

Sodyum benzoat, D-amino asit oksidaz (DAAO) olarak adlandrlan bir enzimin de güçlü bir inhibitörüdür. Bu enzimin azl iyi bir eydir çünkü DAAO, daha az d-serin ve dolaysyla daha az aktivasyon NMDA reseptörleri (d) ile sonuçlanr. -serin NMDA’y aktive eder. (R) .NDDA reseptörlerinin aktivasyonunun, çok sayda kronik, bilisel temelli bozuklukta katkda bulunan bir faktör olduu bulunmutur. Bu makaleyi incelerken, 2 adet çift-kör plasebo kontrollü klinik çalmay buldum. izofreni ve Alzheimer için pozitif sonuç veren sodyum benzoat. izofrenide, D-amino asit oksidaz beyin D-serin metabolizmasna ve glutamaterjik nörotransmisyonun düzenlenmesine balanmtr. Postmortem bir çalmada, DAAO’nun aktivitesi izofrenide iki kat daha yüksek bulunmutur (R). Bu enzimi (DAAO) inhibe ederek benzoat, anti-inflamatuar ve kolesterol düürücü rolünden tamamen farkl bir mekanizma ile çalmaktadr.

Benzoik asit ve benzoatlar yiyecek, içecek ve dier ürünlere yaygn katk maddeleridir. Üretilen ürünlerdeki yararl kimyasallardr, çünkü hem bakterileri hem de mantarlar öldürürler veya önlerler ve koruyucu olarak davranabilirler. Genel olarak, kimyasallar küçük miktarlarda kullanldnda güvenli kabul edilir. Bununla birlikte, bunlarn zararl olabilecei baz durumlar vardr. Biyoik asit ilk olarak Styrax cinsine ait aaçlarn reçinesinden elde edildi. Kokulu reçine vanilya gibi kokar ve bazen sakz benzoin olarak bilinir. Bugün benzoik asit genellikle laboratuvarda sakz benzoinden ekstrakte edilmek yerine dier kimyasallardan yaplmaktadr.

Benzoatlar benzoik asitten türetilir ve asitlerden daha yaygn olarak gda koruyucular olarak kullanlr. Baz insanlar sodyum benzoate maruz kaldklarnda alerjiye benzer belirtiler gelitirirler. Kimyasal, belirli koullar altnda içeceklerde C vitamini (askorbik asit) ile reaksiyona girdiinde, benzen üretilebilir. Benzen bir kanserojendir. Kanserojen kansere neden olabilen bir maddedir.

Sodyum benzoat, birçok gda ve merubatta yaygn olarak kullanlan bir koruyucudur. Daha sonra böbrekler tarafndan temizlenir, hippurat üretmek için mitokondri içinde metabolize edilir. Daha önce güvenli (GRAS) doz olarak kabul edilen sodyum benzoat almnn, plazma hippurat seviyesinde güçlü bir sapmaya yol açtn daha önce bildirdik. Önceki raporlar, hücrelerde ve hayvan modellerinde benzoat ve hippuratn glukoz homeostazisi üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini gösterdiinden, biz benzoatn insanlarda yaygn ve karlanmam diyabetik diyete maruz kalmay gösterebileceini varsaydk. Burada, sodyum benzoatn GRAS seviyelerine akut maruziyetin, 14 kilolu denek üzerinde randomize, kontrollü, çapraz bir çalma yoluyla insülin ve glikoz homeostazisini deitirip deitirmediini deerlendirdik. Seri kan örnekleri, sodyum benzoat varlnda veya yokluunda, oral bir glikoz zorlamas sonrasnda toplanmtr. Sonuç ölçümleri arasnda glikoz, insülin, glukagon ve ayn zamanda temporal kütle spektrometresi tabanl metabolik profiller vard. Glukoz homeostaznda sodyum benzoat’a akut oral maruziyetin istatistiksel olarak anlaml bir etkisi bulunmamtr. Hedeflenen 146 metabolitten dörtü, benzoat ve hippuratta beklenen art dahil olmak üzere benzoate cevabnda önemli ölçüde deimitir. Ek olarak, asetilglisin düerken, bir antraniilik asit, bir triptofan metaboliti, güçlü bir art sergiledi. Çalmamzda, benzoatn GRAS dozlarnn glukoz homeostazisi üzerinde akut ve ters bir etkiye sahip olmadn göstermesine ramen, kronik benzoat maruziyetinin metabolik etkisini aratrmak için gelecekteki çalmalara ihtiyaç duyulacaktr.

Bir aromatik karboksilik asidin sodyum tuzu olan sodyum benzoat (NaB), yaygn olarak kullanlan bir gda koruyucusu ve bir tarçn metabolitidir. NaB ayn zamanda Ucephan ve Ammonul’un (her ikisi de sodyum benzoat ve sodyum fenilasetatn bir birleimidir), hiperamonyemi ile ilikili hepatik metabolik bozukluklarn tedavisinde kullanlan Gda ve laç daresi (FDA) ile onaylanm ilaçlarn bir bileeni olduundan tbbi açdan da önemlidir. Çocuklarda üre döngüsü bozukluu gibi. Hiperamonyemi olan hastalar için olaan FDA onayl NaB dozu 4-10 g / d’dir, bu da akut evre hiperammonemi tedavisi srasnda daha da artrlabilir. nsanlarn idrarnda az miktarda NaB’nin de atld bildirilmitir. Toksik deildir ve içme suyunda bir çözelti olarak uygulanabilir. çme suyundaki% 2’lik bir NaB çözeltisinin, farelerde, herhangi bir yan etki olmakszn ömür boyu tedavi için güvenli olduu bildirilmitir. Son zamanlarda, NaB’nin Treg’leri sürdürme ve / veya yukar regüle etme ve fareleri tekrarlayan-remisyon deneysel alerjik ensefalomiyelit (EAE) ‘den korumaya yönelik olduunu belirledik. Bununla birlikte, NaB’nin Treg’leri yukar regüle ettii mekanizma bilinmemektedir.

Sodyum benzoat, önemli ve yaygn olarak kullanlan bir gda katk maddesidir, ancak, çeitli çözücülerdeki kendi kendine montaj özellikleri nadiren incelenmitir. Burada, farkl çözücü ortamlarnda sodyum benzoat kesecikleri ve sodyum benzoat jeli de dahil olmak üzere kendinden montajl farkl agregalar rapor ediyoruz. Sodyum benzoat veziküller, Transmisyon Elektron Mikroskobu (TEM), Taramal Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ve Dinamik Ik Saçlm (DLS) ile tanmland. Ultraviyole görünür (UV-vis) spektroskopisi, Fourier Transform Kzlötesi (FT-IR) spektroskopisi, Termal Yerçekimi Analizi (TGA), Diferansiyel Tarama Kalorimetrisi (DSC) ve Küçük Açl X-n Saçlm (SAXS) ayrca çalld. sodyum benzoat jelinin oluum mekanizmas. Olas bir jel oluumu mekanizmas önerilmitir. Ayrca, sodyum benzoat jeli birden fazla uyaran duyarllna sahiptir, hidroklorik asit ve metal iyonlarnn eklenmesi, sodyum benzoat jelin ayrmasna neden olabilir. Son olarak, buza serumu içinde sodyum benzoat agregatlar bulunmutur.

Sodyum benzoat, sodyum tuzu, NaC7H5O2, benzoik asit, C7H6O2’dir. Bezoik asit, sodyum hidroksit, NaOH ile reaksiyona girdiinde ve sodyum iyonu, sodyum benzoat ve su üretmek için asit içindeki hidrojen iyonlarndan birinin yerini aldnda üretilir. Kimyasal, erik ve kzlck gibi meyvelerde doal olarak bulunur ve gda ve kozmetikte koruyucu olarak kullanlr çünkü küf ve bakterilerin büyümesini engeller. Baz asidik gdalarda, sodyum benzoat, askorbik veya sitrik asitle reaksiyona girebilir. benzen, potansiyel bir kanserojen bileik. Bazen borik asit tuzu olan boraks veya sodyum borat ile kartrlsa da, iki kimyasal tamamen farkldr.

Sodyum benzoat, benzoik asit sodyum hidroksit ile reaksiyona girdiinde elde edilen sodyum tuzudur. Bu, sodyum benzoat ve su olan bir tuz üreten asit baz reaksiyonudur. Kimyasal formül:

 

C7H6O2 + NaOH = NaC7H5O2 + H2O

Suda, bileik çözülür ve bir sodyum iyonu ve bir benzoik asit iyonu içine ayrlr. Kat biçiminde, gda veya kozmetik ürünlere ilave edilebilen beyaz, granüler veya kristal bir tozdur. Benzer adlara sahip dier sodyum bileikleri, sodyum borat veya boraks ve sodyum karbonat veya sodadr. Bazen sodyum benzoat ile kartrlrlar ama tamamen farkl kimyasallardr. Boraks borik asit tuzudur ve bor içerir, soda, soda veya sodyum bikarbonattan farkl olarak karbonik asit tuzudur. Her ikisi de bir gda katk maddesi olarak yaygn olarak kullanlmadndan, sodyum benzoat kadar güvenli deildirler.

Sodyum benzoat, yiyecek ve kozmetikte küf ve bakterilerin büyümesini engeller. Birçok meyve içecei, salata soslar ve yalarnda ve reçellerde bulunur. Kozmetik üreticileri bunlar taze tutmak için cilt kremlerinde ve dier kozmetik ürünlerinde kullanrlar. Erik ve kzlck gibi meyvelerde ve tarçn gibi baharatlarda doal olarak bulunur. Kimyasal kullanm yaygndr çünkü ucuzdur ve tipik olarak% 0.05 – 0.1 arasnda küçük konsantrasyonlar etkilidir. Çözeltide, benzoik asit iyonu aktif bileendir ve aktivitelerini snrlamak için dorudan mikro organizmalara etki eder. Asitli turunçgil içecekler gibi baz gdalarda kullanldnda, sodyum benzoat sitrik veya askorbik asitler gibi dier asitlerle tepkimeye girerek, potansiyel bir kanserojen bileik olan benzen oluturabilir. Çou gdada sodyum benzoat seviyeleri çok düük olduundan, karlk gelen benzen konsantrasyonu da tehlikeli seviyelerin altnda olacaktr. Genel olarak, sodyum benzoat, belirli asitli gdalarn yüksek bir tüketimi için baz kstlamalara sahip güvenli, yaygn, ucuz ve etkili bir gda katk maddesidir.

Sodyum benzoat, Green People ürünlerinde koruyucu olarak kullanlan bir dizi bileenden biridir. Gram-bakteri, küf ve mayalara kar özel etkilere sahip gda snf bir koruyucudur. Sodyum benzoat, kzlck, ahududu ve kiraz gibi birçok meyvede bulunan doal olarak bulunan bir maddedir. Baz kimseler bu bileene yutulduunda (azda alnr), d uygulama için kozmetikte kullanld gibi tamamen güvenli ve çok iyi tolere edilirken. Tüm dünyadaki tüm organik sertifikasyon kurulular tarafndan bir koruyucu olarak sodyum benzoat kullanlmasna izin verilir.

Listeria monocytogenes ‘in büyümesi veya hayatta kalma yetenei, pH 5.6 veya 5.0’da triptoz broth kullanlarak 0, 0.05 ile takviye edilmitir. 0.1, 0.15. 0.2. % 0.25 veya% 0.3 sodyum benzoat ve 4,13,21 veya 35 ° C’de inkübe edildi. Bakteri, 4 ° C ve pH 5.0 hariç tüm koullar altnda benzoatsz kontrollerde büyümütür. PH5.6 ve 4 ° C’de, 60 d sonra, L. monocytogenes (balangç ??popülasyonu yaklak 103 / ml), 0.2, 0.25 ve 0.3% sodyum benzoat ile inaktive edildi. Dier benzoat konsantrasyonlar, ilk 36 d inkübasyon srasnda hafif bir büyümeye izin verdi. patojen popülasyonunda bir azalma izledi. PH 5,0 ve 4 ° C’de,% 0.15 ila% 0.3 benzoat

patojen 24 ila 30 gün içinde tamamen etkisiz hale getirilirken, teoter konsantrasyonlar 66-d inkübasyon periyodunda populasyonu kademeli olarak azaltt. 13 ° C ve pH 5.6’da L.monocytogenes, 264 saatlik bir inkübasyon süresi boyunca büyümeyi yasaklayan% 0.2 veya% 0.3 hariç tüm benzoat konsantrasyonlarnn varlnda (daha yüksek konsantrasyonlarda benzoat) büyümütür. Düük konsantrasyonlarda benzoatta pH’ minimuma düürmek için minimuma indirilmi ve dier benzoat konsantrasyonlarnda az miktarda inpopülasyona neden olmutur. 21 ve 35 ° C’de ve pH 5.6’da, L. monocytogenes’in kayda deer geliimi,% 0.2 veya daha az sodyum benzoatn varlnda meydana geldi, oysa daha yüksek konsantrasyonlar, patojen tarafndan herhangi bir çoalma meydana gelmesine izin vermeksizin, engelleyici idi. PH deerinin 5.0’a düürülmesi snrl Ortamn% 0.5 veya% 0.1 sodyum benzoat içerdii 21 ve 35 ° C’de patojenin büyümesi. Daha yüksek konsantrasyonlar ya tam inhibisyon ya da inhibisyon ya da 117 ° C’de inkübasyonlar srasnda 22 ° C’de ya da 78 saat 35 ° C’de patojenlerin ksmi ya da tam olarak inaktivasyonunu azaltmtr.

Hem kozmetik hem de gda ürünlerinde koruyucu olarak kullanlan benzoik asit tuzu. ABD Gda ve laç daresi (FDA), bunu “genel olarak güvenli” olarak tanmlamtr.

Sodyum benzoat genellikle günde üç veya dört kez verilir.

Günde üç kez: Bu sabah, öleden sonra ve yatmadan önce olmal. deal olarak, bu zamanlar en az 6 saat aralkldr, örnein 8:00, 14:00 ve 20:00.

Günde dört kez: Bu genellikle sabahlar ölen saatlerinde, öleden sonra ve yatmadan önce ilk eydir. deal olarak, bu zamanlar en az 4 saat arayla, örnein sabah 8’de, ölen saatlerinde, öleden sonra saat 16’da ve saat 20’de olmaldr.

lac her gün ayn saatlerde verin, böylece bu, çocuunuzun günlük rutininin bir parças olur ve bu da hatrlamanza yardmc olur.

Sodyum benzoat, bir dizi gda ürününde bulunan yaygn bir gda koruyucudur. Temel olarak, bakteriler, maya ve mantarlarn büyümesinden çeitli gda ürünlerini korumak için kimyasal olarak hazrlanm bir tuz türüdür. Asidik olan gda ürünleri genellikle az miktarda sodyum benzoat içerir. Souk içecekler, sirke, meyve suyu ve salata soslar gibi yiyeceklerde koruyucu olarak iyi gider. Sodyum benzoat da, elma, kzlck ve erik gibi meyvelerde doal olarak bulunur. Karanfil ve sinamonlarn da içinde belirli miktarda sodyum benzoat içerii bulunur. Sodyum benzoat, belirli gda ve baharatlarda doal olarak bulunmasna ramen, içinde bulunduu yiyecekler için koruyucu rol oynamaz.

Sodyum benzoat özelliklerinin en önemlisi, bakteri, maya veya mantar geliimini öldürmesidir. PH den az 3.6 olan gdalar için en iyi çalr. Bu e211 ve kimyasal formülü NaC6H5CO2’dir. Ayrca, bir gda koruyucu olarak sodyum benzoat konsantrasyonu, arlkça% 0.1 ile snrldr. Sodyum benzoat suda çözünür ve erime noktas 300 derecedir. Sodyum benzoatn tad tuzlu ve daha büyük miktarlarda eklendiinde yiyecek acdr.

Ticari spor içeceklerinde edibleadditifleri belirlemek için yüksek performansl sv kromatografisi (HPLC) teknikleri kullanmak. ran’n Tahran kentinde 21 farkl marka spor içecei olmak üzere toplam 105 örnek alnd. lem koullar arasnda, bir C18 kolonu, 0.8 ml dk-1 ak hznda, alifik amonyum asetat tamponu (pH = 4.2) ve asetonitril (80:20 v / v) içeren bir mobil faz yer alr. Enjeksiyon hacmi, 20 uL ve UV detektörüdür. 225 nm’de ayarland.

Bulgular: Ortalama iyileme% 95 ile 106 arasndayd. ran markalarnda ortalama sodyum benzoat ve potasyum sorbat konsantrasyonlar (srasyla 147.72 ve 11.54 ppm) yabanc markalarda oldukça yüksekti (srasyla 19.43 ve 4.91 ppm, p <0.05). Sodumbenzoat ve potasyum sorbatn maksimum miktar srasyla 251.50 ± 18.69 ve 96.38 ± 38.56 ppm iken, 293.48 ± 14.33 – 607.32 ± 135.33 ppm aralnda iken, kafein içerii çok düük konsantrasyonlarda sodyum benzoat ve potasyum sorbatn tespitine izin vermektedir. Ayrca, tüm spor içeceklerinde kafein tespit edildi. çeceklerde sadece Brilliant Blue ve AlluraRed tespit edildi

Sodyum Benzoat esas olarak mikroorganizmalarn aktivitesini azaltmak veya inhibe etmek için bir gda katk maddesi ve koruyucu olarak kullanlr. Sodyum benzoat FDA GRAS (Güvenli Olarak Genel Olarak Tannr) olup kozmetik, ev eyalar, tuvalet malzemeleri, emülsiyonlar ve dier ürünler gibi dier uygulamalarda da yaygn olarak kullanlmaktadr.

Hawkins, Sodyum Benzoat’ satn alr. Hawkins yüksek saflkta, gda dereceli Sodyum Benzoat tar. Sodyum benzoat dökme olarak kullanlabilir. Sodyum benzoat koruyucu bir maddedir. Gda katk maddesi olarak asidik koullar altnda bakteriyostatik ve fungistatiktir. En yaygn olarak salata soslar (sirke), karbonatl içecekler (karbonik asit), reçeller ve meyve sular (sitrik asit), turu (sirke) ve çeniler gibi asidik gdalarda kullanlr. Hugkins Inc. bir Sodyum Benzoat tedarikçisidir. Sodyum Benzoat distribütörü Hawkins, çeitli uygulamalara ve kullanma yönelik olarak çeitli firmalara Sodyum Benzoat datr. Müterilerimiz, tutarl ve uygun maliyetli bir Sodyum Benzoat kayna için Hawkins’e güvenmektedir. Hawkins’in tedarik ettiimiz Sodyum Benzoatn kalitesini salamaya adanm bir takm var.

Sodyum benzoat, gda maddelerinde kaliteyi ve tad korumak için dünya çapnda onaylanm bir koruyucudur. Gda maddelerinin mikrobiyolojik güvenliini korumak için bir koruyucu olarak kullanlmasnn yan sra, sodyum benzoat da doal olarak, kzlck gibi çok çeitli gdalarda, koruyucu olarak kullanlanlardan çok daha yüksek seviyelerde doal olarak ortaya çkar. Sodyum benzoat, Avrupa düzenleyici makamlar tarafndan onaylanmtr. Güvenlidir ve normalde tüketildii gibi salk üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi yoktur. Sodyum Benzoat 100 yldan uzun bir süredir kullanlmaktadr ve gda ve içecek endüstrisi tarafndan kalite ve lezzetin korunmas için yaygn olarak kullanlmaktadr. Avrupa Birlii ve Amerika Birleik Devletleri, Avustralya, Kanada ve Japonya da dahil olmak üzere dier uluslararas düzenleyici kurumlar tarafndan merubatlarda kullanlmak üzere onaylanmtr. Sodyum benzoatn eklendii tüm içecekler ie üzerindeki içerik listesinde açk etiketler tar. can. Sodyum benzoat için E says E211’dir.

Bu çalmann amac, sodyum benzoat, sodyum nitrit ve potasyum sorbatn antimikrobiyal etkilerini ve bunlarn sinerjik etkisini (sodyum nitrit + sodyum benzoat, sodyum nitrit + potassiumsorat, sodyum benzoat + potasyum sorbat), gda maddelerini bozan bakteriler ve mantarlar üzerinde aratrmakt. Potansiyel kullanm havas endüstrisi için. Aadaki mikroorganizma türleri test edilmitir: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mycoides, Staphylococcusaureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans, Trichoderma harsianum ve Penicillium italicum. En güçlü antimikrobiyal etki

Pseudomonas aeruginosa türüne göre sodyum nitrit (MK 0.5 mg / ml) ile uygulanmtr. Sodyum nitrit + sodyum benzoat kombinasyonunda, test edilen türlerin (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillusmucoides ve Candida albicans)% 40’na kar sinerjiklik gözlenmitir; ve bunlarn% 30’u (Bacillus mukoidler, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Escherichia coli), sodyum nitrit + potasyum sorbat kombinasyonununki ile karlatrlmtr. Escherichia coli, asaletlerin, Aspergillus flavus’un en büyük direncinin kombine hareketine en büyük hassasiyeti göstermitir.

Alkali çözelti içindeki benzoik asidin sodyum hipoklorit araclyla klorlanmas genellikle iyonlamann yönlenmeye etkisinin bir örnei olarak alntlanr. Lossen’in deneyleri1 tekrar edilmitir ve u anda klorinasyon ürününün yüzde 48 orannda orto-, yüzde 32 meta- ve yüzde 20 orannda para-klorobenzoik asit içerdii bulunmutur. Bu allmadk bir yönlendirme türüdür.

Sodyum Benzoat, birçok yem üreticisi tarafndan kullanlan bir tozdur. Sodyum, etin yalanma sürecini durdurmak, idrar ve balk yalarn korumak için kullanlabilir ve ayn zamanda sv yemler ve balk kesmek için de iyidir.

Et yemleri için talimatlar:

Etinizi istediiniz seviyeye kadar yalayn veya tadn. Daha sonra sodyum benzoatn eit ekilde datldndan emin olarak sodyum benzoatta iyice kartrn.

     – Et biras bana 2 yemek ka Sodyum Benzoat

     – Galon bana 1 bardak Sodyum Benzoat

Et biraz etkilenecektir çünkü tam etki için 7-10 gün sürer.

 

drar ve Yalar için talimatlar:

ieden 5-7 gram idrar veya ya aln ve kapakl bir kaseye veya kaba koyun. Uygun miktarda sodyum ekleyin ve ya çrpn veya sodyumun 5-7 ons’a sallayn. Bu sodyumu mümkün olduunca çözmeyi deneyin. Daha sonra sodyumla muamele edilmi idrar veya ya tekrar kaba geri döndürebilir ve iyice kartrabilirsiniz.

     – Her galon veya ya bana 2 yemek ka

 

Salk ve güvenlik

Amerika Birleik Devletleri, sodyum benzoat Gda ve laç daresi tarafndan genel olarak güvenli (GRAS) olarak kabul edilir. Uluslararas Kimyasal Güvenlik Program, insanlarda günde 647–825 mg / kg vücut arl dozunda hiçbir yan etki göstermedi.Kediler, farelere ve farelere kyasla benzoik asit ve tuzlarna kar önemli ölçüde daha düük toleransa sahiptir.nsan vücudu hzla daha sonra atlan hippurik asit oluturmak üzere glisin ile birletirerek sodyum benzoat temizler. Bunun için metabolik yol, bütirat-CoA ligaz ile benzoatn bir ara ürün olan benzoil-CoA’ya dönütürülmesiyle balar ve daha sonra metabolize olur glisin N-asiltransferaz ile hippurik aside dönütürülür.

Gdalardaki sodyum benzoat miktar o kadar düük ki çou insanda önemli yan etkilere neden olma olasl düüktür. Yutulduktan sonra, hzl bir ekilde emilir ve böbrekler tarafndan atlmadan önce karacier tarafndan metabolize edilir. Sodyum benzoat, baz insanlarda alerjik reaksiyonlar tetikleyebilir. “Çevre Sal Perspektifleri” nin Aralk 2007 tarihli saysnda, dikkat eksiklii hiperaktivite bozukluu olan çocuklarda hiperaktivite için potansiyel bir tetikleyici olarak da yer almtr. Sodyum benzoat kendi bana bozuklua neden olmaz ve eer varsa, hangi hiperaktivitede kötüleen bir rol oynadn belirlemek için daha fazla aratrmaya ihtiyaç vardr.

Sodyum Benzoat öncelikle gda ve içecek uygulamalarnda antimikrobiyal ajan olarak koruyucu olarak kullanlr. Sodyum benzoat tipik olarak yiyecek ve içeceklerde% 0.1’e kadar olan seviyelerde kullanlr, FDA onayl ve GRAS snflandrlr. Sodyum Benzoat için sodyum veya sodyum karbonatl içecekler, meyve ve meyve sular, uruplar, reçeller ve jöleler, zeytinler, turular, çeniler ve ekmekler. Velsicol Sodyum Benzoat NF / FCC Grade / BP2015 / USP38, REACH tescilli ve Helal ve Kosher sertifikaldr.

 

hiperaktivite

ngiltere Gda Standartlar Ajans (FSA) için 2007 ylnda yaynlanan aratrmalar, sodyum benzoat ile eletirildiinde belirli yapay renklerin hiperaktif davranla balantl olabileceini düündürmektedir. Sonuçlar sodyum benzoat ile ilgili tutarszd, bu nedenle FSA daha fazla çalmay önerdi. Gda Standartlar Ajans, hiperaktif davranta gözlemlenen artn, eer gerçekse, sodyum benzoattan daha yapay olan yapay renklerle balantl olma olaslnn yüksek olduu sonucuna varmtr. Raporun yazar Southampton Üniversitesi’nden Jim Stevenson öyle demitir: “Sonuçlar; Yapay gda renklerinin ve sodyum benzoat koruyucularn belirli karmlar, çocuklarda hiperaktif davrantaki artlarla ilikilidir. Dier birçok etki vardr, ancak bu en azndan bir çocuun önleyebilecei bir eydir. ”

Benzen oluumu

Benzen, lösemi ve dier kan kanserleri riskinin artmasna bal bir kimyasaldr. Sodyum benzonat benzen içermezken, askorbik asitle birletirildiinde benzen oluturabilir. Organik Tüketiciler Birlii, sodyum benzoat ve askorbik asit içeren ve C vitamini olarak da bilinen baz merubatlarda milyarda 2 ila 20 parça arasndaki benzen düzeylerinin bulunduunu söylüyor. çme suyu için benzinin güvenli seviyesi milyarda sadece be parçadr. Baz alkolsüz içeceklerde benzen miktarlar bir salk kaygsdr.

 

Kullanmlar

En yaygn sodyum benzoat kayna gdadr; üreticiler bozulmay önlemek için onu koruyucu olarak kullanrlar. Lahana turusu, jöleler ve reçeller, ac sos ve soda gibi asidik ürünler sodyum benzoatn en yaygn kaynaklardr. Daha az yaygn olarak, sodyum benzoat, kanda fazla amonyak birikmesine neden olan nadir bir bozukluk olan hiperammonemi tedavisi için bir ilaç olarak kullanlr. Sodyum benzoatn izleri, kzlck, tarçn, kuru erik ve elma gibi baz yiyeceklerde ve baharatlarda doal olarak bulunur.Sodyum benzoat, asidik gdalarda ve bakterileri, küfleri, mayalar ve dier mikroplar kontrol etmek için kullanlr. Enerji üretme kabiliyetlerini engeller. Asitli ortamlarda sadece benzoik aside dönütüü için pH deeri 3.6’nn altnda olmad sürece anti-mikrobiyal etki için kullanlmaz. Gda endüstrisinde reçel, salata sosu, meyve sular, turu ve gazl içecekler gibi ürünlerde kullanlr. Ayn zamanda otomotiv antifriz ürünlerinde korozyon önleyici olarak kullanlr.

 

UYGULAMALARI 

-Çok çeit gdada kullanm miktar% 0,05-0-0,1’dir .3 Karbonatl içecekler, meyve sular, elma arab, turu ve lahana turusu gibi asitlendirilmi gdalarda kullanlr.

– Maliyeti düük.

-Sodyum klorür ile önemli bir sinerjik etkisi vardr.

– Mayonez gibi su içinde ya emülsiyonlarnda kullanldnda, potasyum sorbat ile birlikte sodyum benzoat kullanlr.2 Bu karm, asit üreten bakterilere kar, iki koruyucudan herhangi birine göre daha güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir.

-Benzoik asit oksidasyona ve enzimatik bozulmaya kar etkisizdir.2 Meyve ürünlerinde kullanldnda, sodyum benzoat genellikle küçük miktarlarda sülfür dioksit veya dier antioksidanlarla birletirilir.