SODIUM PERSULPHATE

Alternate Names:Sodium peroxodisulfate

Sodium persulfate is a strongly oxidizing chemical used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent. Persulfate oxidation mechanisms are effective in degrading many volatile oxidizing

chemicals (VOCs) including chlorinated ethenes (CEs), BTEXs and trichloroethanes. The compound is used as a promoter for polymerization reactions. Sodium persulfate has also been

used as a chemical oxidant to treat laboratory slurry reactors for the accumulation of surfactants.

Application:Sodium persulfate is a strongly oxidizing chemical used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent

Sodium peroxydisulfate (commonly called sodium persulfate) is a commercial chemical particularly useful for etching printed circuits, for cleaning copper before plating or soldering,

and for initiating polymerization reactions. Other commercially available persulfate salts are ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate; however, ammonium persulfate introduces

objectionable ammonium ions into solution, while the solubility of potassium persulfate is much less than ammonium or sodium persulfate. Consequently, sodium persulfate is the preferred

compound for some applications.

CAS Number: 7775-27-1

Sodium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O8. It is the sodium salt of peroxydisulfuric acid, H2S2O8, an oxidizing agent. It is a white solid that dissolves

in water. It is almost non-hygroscopic and has good shelf-life.

The salt is prepared by the electrolytic oxidation of sodium hydrogen sulfate:

2 NaHSO4 → Na2S2O8 + H2

Oxidation is conducted at a platinum anode.In this way about 165,000 tons were produced in 2005.

The standard redox potential of sodium persulfate into hydrogen sulfate is 2.1 V, which is higher than that of hydrogen peroxide (1.8 V) but lower than ozone (2.2 V).

The sulfate radical formed in situ has a standard electrode potential of 2.7 V.

However, there are a few drawbacks in utilizing platinum anodes to produce the salts; the manufacturing process is inefficient due to oxygen evolution and the product could contain

contaminants coming from platinum corrosion (mainly due to extremely oxidizing nature of the sulfate radical). Thus, boron-doped diamond electrodes have been proposed as alternatives

to the conventional platinum electrodes.

Applications

It is mainly used as a radical initiator for emulsion polymerization reactions for styrene based polymers such as Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.

Also applicable for accelerated curing of low formaldehyde adhesives.

Other uses

It is a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component. It is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed

circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals.

It is also used as a soil conditioner and for soil and groundwater remediation and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator, desizing agent for oxidative

desizing, etc.

Organic chemistry

Sodium persulfate is a specialized oxidizing agent in chemistry, classically in the Elbs persulfate oxidation and the Boyland–Sims oxidation reactions. It is also used in radical

reactions; for example in a synthesis of diapocynin from apocynin where iron(II) sulfate is the radical initiator

Synonyms:

Sodium peroxodisulfate

Sodium peroxodisulphate

Sodium peroxydisulfate

Sodium peroxydisulphate

Sodium persulfate

Cas 7775-27-1

Sodium peroxydisulfate

Sodium peroxodisulfate

Disodium peroxodisulphate

Peroxydisulfuric acid, disodium salt

sodium persulphate

UNII-J49FYF16JE

Persulfate de sodium [French]

EINECS 231-892-1

Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), disodium salt

Persulfate de sodium

Sodium peroxydisulphate

Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), sodium salt (1:2)

Peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), sodium salt (1:2)

Sodium persulfate, MFCD00003501, sodium peroxidisulfate, Sodium peroxy disulfate, Na2S2O8, Sodium persulfate [UN1505] [Oxidizer], Sodium persulfate [UN1505] [Oxidizer],

disodium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide, Sodium persulfate , [(Sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxydanide de disodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 231-892-1 [EINECS], 7775-27-1 [RN],

Dinatrium-[(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] Disodium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide [ACD/IUPAC Name], Disodium peroxodisulphate, Persulfate de sodium

[French], Sodium peroxodisulfate, SODIUM PEROXYDISULFATE, DISODIUM PEROXODISULFATE, disodium sulfato sulfate,disodium sulfonatooxy sulfate,disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate, EINECS 231-892-1,

Peroxydisulfuric acid, disodium salt, Persulfate de sodium [French], persulfato de sódio [Portuguese],sodium peroxydisulphate, Sodium persulfate [UN1505] [Oxidizer], Sodium persulphate,

sodiumpersulfate,sodyum per sülfat, sodyumpersülfat,sodyum persülfat, sodyumpersülfate,sodyum,per,sülfat,sülfate,sodium, persulfate, sodium persülfat, sodium persülfate

Disodium peroxodisulphate

SODIUM PERSULPHATE

Translated names

Dinaatriumperoksodisulfaat/naatriumpersulfaat (et)

Dinatrijev peroksodisulfat/natrijev persulfat (hr)

Dinatrio peroksodisulfatas/natrio persulfatas (lt)

Dinatriumperoksodisulfaatti/natriumpersulfaatti (fi)

Dinatriumperoxodisulfaat/natriumpersulfaat (nl)

dinatriumperoxodisulfat/natriumpersulfat (da)

Dinátrium-peroxo-diszulfát/nátrium-perszulfát (hu)

Dinātrija peroksodisulfāts/nātrija persulfāts (lv)

Disodium peroxodisulphate/Sodium persulphate (no)

Natriumpersulfat/Natriumperoxidisulfat (sv)

Peroksodisiarczan disodu/Nadsiarczan sodu (pl)

Perossodisolfato di disodio/Persolfato di sodio (it)

Perossodisulfat tad-disodju/Persulfat tas-sodju (mt)

Peroxodissulfato de dissódio/Persulfato de sódio (pt)

Peroxodisulfat disodic/Persulfat de sodiu (ro)

Peroxodisulfate de disodium/persulfate de sodium (fr)

Peroxodisulfato de disodio/persulfato de sodio (es)

peroxodisíran disodný/persulfát sodný (sk)

peroxodisíran sodný (cs)

Υπερθειικό νάτριο (el)

Динатриев пероксодисулфат/натриев персулфат (bg)

CAS names

Peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), sodium salt (1:2)

IUPAC names

disodium [(sulfonato peroxy)sulfonyl] oxidanide

Disodium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidamide

Disodium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide

Disodium persulfate

disodium sulfanotooxy sulfate

disodium sulfonatooxy sulfate

disodium {[(oxidooxy)sulfonyl]oxy}sulfonate

disodium;sulfonatooxy sulfate

Peroxydisulfuric Acid Disodium Salt

peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt

Sodium peroxodisulfate, Disodium persulfate, Sodium persulfate, Peroxydisulfuric acid disodium salt

Sodium peroxydisulfate

Sodium Persulfate

Sodiumpersulphate

Trade names

Sodium peroxodisulfate

SPS

Sodium peroxodisulfate; disodium peroxodisulphate; disodium oxidooxysulfonyl sulfate; Disodium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide; disodium sulfonatooxy sulfate, Peroxydisulfuric acid,

disodium salt

Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Persulfate are inorganic salts used as oxidizing agents in hair bleaches and hair-coloring preparations. Persulfates are contained in hair lighteners

at concentrations up to 60%, in bleaches and lighteners at up to 22% and 16%, respectively, and in off-the-scalp products used to highlight hair strands at up to 25%. They are used in

professional product bleaches and lighteners at similar concentrations. Much of the available safety test data are for Ammonium Persulfate, but these data are considered applicable to

the other salts as well. Acute dermal, oral, and inhalation toxicity studies are available, but only the latter are remarkable, with gross lesions observed in the lungs, liver, stomach,

and spleen. In short-term and subchronic feeding studies the results were mixed; some studies found no evidence of toxicity and others found local damage to the mucous membrane in the

gastrointestinal tract, but no other systemic effects. Short-term inhalation toxicity was observed when rats were exposed to aerosolized Ammonium Persulfate at concentrations of 4 mg/m3

and greater. Ammonium Persulfate (as a moistened powder) was not an irritant to intact rabbit skin, but was sensitizing (in a saline solution) to the guinea pig. It was slightly

irritating to rabbit eyes. Ammonium Persulfate was negative in the Ames test and the chromosomal aberration test. No significant evidence of tumor promotion or carcinogenicity was

observed in studies of rats receiving topical applications of Ammonium Persulfate. The persulfates were reported to cause both delayed-type and immediate skin reactions, including

irritant dermatitis, allergic eczematous dermatitis, localized contact urticaria, generalized urticaria, rhinitis, asthma, and syncope. The most common causes of allergic dermatitis

in hairdressers are the active ingredients in hair dyes, and Ammonium Persulfate has been identified as a frequent allergen. A sensitization study that also examined the incidence of

urticarial reactions was performed with 17.5% Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Persulfate under occlusive patches. At this concentration and exposure conditions, a mixture of these

Persulfates was not sensitizing, and application of Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Persulfate did not result in an urticarial reaction. In normal use (i.e., not occluded and rinsed off),

it was expected that a concentration greater than 17.5% would also be safe. Given the clinical reports of urticarial reactions, however, manufacturers and formulators should be aware

of the potential for urticarial reactions at concentrations of Persulfates greater than 17.5%. Based on the available data, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel concluded

that Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium Persulfate are safe as used as oxidizing agents in hair colorants and lighteners designed for brief discontinuous use followed by thorough rinsing

from the hair and skin.

Sodium peroxodisulfate,SODIUMPEROXODISULFATE, SODIUM PEROXODISULFATE, SODIUMPEROXODI SULFATE, SODIUM PEROXO DISULFATE, SODYUMPEROKSDSÜLFAT,sodyumperoksidisülfat,sodyumperoxdisülfat,Sodium peroxodisulphate, SODUM PEROXODSULPHATE,sodiumperoxodi sülphate,sodiumperoksidi sulphate,Sodium peroxydisulfate, SODUM PEROXYDSULFATE, SODUMPEROXY D SULFATE, sodiumperoxy di sulfate,Sodium peroxydisulphate, Sodium Peroxydisulphate, SodiumPeroxy disulphate,Sodium Peroxy di sulphate, SodiumPeroxydi sulphate, Na2S2O8, Na2S2O8,na2s2o8, 7775-27-1,7775 27 1

Sodium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O8. It is the sodium salt of persulfate (also called peroxydisulfate), an oxidizer. It is a white solid that dissolves in water. It is almost non-hygroscopic and has good shelf-life.It is a bleach, both standalone (particularly in hair cosmetics) and as a detergent component. It is a replacement for ammonium persulfate in etching mixtures for zinc and printed circuit boards, and is used for pickling of copper and some other metals.It is also used as a soil conditioner and soil remediation and in manufacture of dyestuffs, modification of starch, bleach activator,desizing agent for oxidative desizing, etc.