DIETHYL SULFATE (DETL SLFAT)
DIETHYL SULFATE (DETL SÜLFAT)
CAS NUMBER: 64-67-5
EC NUMBER: 200-589-6
SYNONYMS
Diethyl sulfate;64-67-5;Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester;Diethyl sulphate;DIETHYLSULFATE;Diaethylsulfat;Sulfuric acid diethyl ester;Diethyl tetraoxosulfate;Diaethylsulfat [German];UNII-K0FO4VFA7I;DES (VAN);Diethylester kyseliny sirove;NSC 56380;CCRIS 242;C4H10O4S;HSDB 1636;Diethylester kyseliny sirove [Czech];EINECS 200-589-6;UN1594;
K0FO4VFA7I;AI3-15355;CHEBI:34699;DENRZWYUOJLTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N;ethyl ethoxysulfonate;Diethyl sulfate, 99%;DSSTox_CID_4045DSSTox_RID_77265;DSSTox_GSID_24045;CAS-64-67-5;diethylsulphate;diethyl-sulphateDiethyl Monosulfate;diethylsulfuric acid;EtOSO3Et;Diethyl sulfate, 98%;AC1L1LXI;EC 200-589-6;AC1Q38BI;SCHEMBL1769;WLN: 2OSWO2;Sulphuric acid diethyl ester;KSC353M9J;BIDD:ER0594;ACMC-1B208;CHEMBL163100;DTXSID1024045;CTK2F3694;KS-00000VIT;MolPort-003-929-978;BCP25766;NSC56380;ZINC1686883;Tox21_202402;Tox21_300169;ANW-34927;MFCD00009099;NSC-56380;SBB060663;STL268863;AKOS009157686;;Diethyl sulfate [UN1594] [Poison];LS-1543;MCULE-1621267036;RL04465;RTR-022122;TRA0038381;UN 1594;Diethyl sulfate [UN1594] [Poison];NCGC00164138-01;NCGC00164138-02;
diethyl-sulphate;Diethyl Monosulfate;diethylsulfuric acid;EtOSO3Et;Diethyl sulfate, 98%AC1L1LXI;EC 200-589-6;AC1Q38BI;SCHEMBL1769;WLN: 2OSWO2;Sulphuric acid diethyl ester;KSC353M9J;BIDD:ER0594;ACMC-1B208;CHEMBL163100;DTXSID1024045;CTK2F3694;KS-00000VIT;MolPort-003-929 978;BCP25766;NSC56380;ZINC1686883;Tox21_202402;Tox21_300169;ANW-34927;MFCD00009099;NSC-56380,SBB060663,STL268863;AKOS009157686;Diethyl sulfate [UN1594] [Poison];LS-1543;MCULE-1621267036;RL04465;RTR-022122;TRA0038381;UN 1594;Diethyl sulfate [UN1594] [Poison];NCGC00164138-01;NCGC00164138-02;200-589-6 [EINECS]
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, compound with diethyl sulfate
64-67-5 [RN];Diaethylsulfat [German];DIETHYL MONOSULFATE;Diethylester kyseliny sirove [Czech];Diethylsulfat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name];K0FO4VFA7I;de diéthyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name];Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester [ACD/Index Name];[64-67-5];2OSWO2 [WLN];DES (VAN);Diaethylsulfat;DIETHYL SULPHATE;DIETHYL TETRAOXOSULFATE;diethylsulfate;ethyl ethoxysulfonate;MFCD00009099 [MDL number];Sulfuric acid diethyl ester;Sulphuric acid diethyl ester;ACIDDIETHYL ESTER;UN 1594;UNII:K0FO4VFA7I;sulfuric acid, diethyl ester, diethyl sulphate, diethylsulfate, diaethylsulfat, sulfuric acid diethyl ester, diethyl tetraoxosulfate,diaethylsulfat german, unii-k0fo4vfa7i, des van, diethylester kyseliny sirove
Physicochemical Information
Density :1.18 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit :1.8 – 12.2 %(V)
Flash point: 104 °C
Ignition temperature: 436 °C
Melting Point: -25 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.25 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 7 g/l Hydrolysis
Diethyl Sulfate is a colorless, corrosive, oily liquid that darkens with age and has a faint peppermint odor. Diethyl sulfate is mainly used as an ethylating agent in organic synthesis and in the dye and textile manufacturing. Exposure to this substance results in severe irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. It is a possible mutagen and is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and may be associated with developing laryngeal cancer. Diethyl sulfate is used as an ethylating agent and as a chemical intermediate. No information is available on the acute (short-term), chronic (long-term), reproductive, or developmental effects of diethyl sulfate in humans. In an epidemiological study, an excess mortality rate from laryngeal cancer was associated with occupational exposure to high concentrations of diethyl sulfate. In one study, rats orally exposed to diethyl sulfate developed tumors in the forestomach. EPA has not classified diethyl sulfate with respect to potential carcinogenicity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified diethyl sulfate as a Group 2A, probable human carcinogen.Diethyl sulfate is a highly toxic and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with formula (C2H5)2SO4. It occurs as a colorless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint odor and is corrosive.Diethyl sulfate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols. It is used to manufacture dyes and textiles
Diethyl sulfate is used as an ethylating agent and as a chemical intermediate. No information is available on the acute (short-term), chronic (long-term), reproductive, or developmental effects of diethyl sulfate in humans. In an epidemiological study, an excess mortality rate from laryngeal cancer was associated with occupational exposure to high concentrations of diethyl sulfate. In one study, rats orally exposed to diethyl sulfate developed tumors in the forestomach. EPA has not classified diethyl sulfate with respect to potential carcinogenicity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified diethyl sulfate as a Group 2A, probable human carcinogen
Diethyl Sulfate is a colorless liquid chemical intermediate with a mild to peppermint-like odor. Diethyl sulfate [CAS: 64-67-5] is often known as Diethyl Sulphate and the abbreviation DES; other names include Sulfuric acid diethyl ester and Diethyl Monosulphate.There are two methods that can be used to produce Diethyl Sulfate. The first method is to bubble ethylene gas through a solution of concentrated Sulfuric acid. The second method of producing Diethyl Sulfate is mixing concentrated sulfuric acid into a solution of ethyl alcohol or ethyl ether. The primary applications of Diethyl Sulfate are coatings, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, detergents, textiles, dyes, & flavor/fragrance applications. Diethyl Sulfate serves as an alkylating agent for ethyl based derivatives of amines, phenols, & thiols. One of Diethyl Sulfate’s main applications is for the production of Diethyl Sulfate based Quaternary ammonium cations [Quats] which are used in many common surfactants. In particular, Quats are positively-charged organic detergents associated with ammonium ions. Other common industrial uses include the downstream production of Ethyl derivatives & general esterification.
Diethyl sulfate is a highly toxic and likely carcinogenic chemical compound with formula (C2H5)2SO4. It occurs as a colourless, oily liquid with a faint peppermint odour and is corrosive.Diethyl sulphate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols. It is used to manufacture dyes and textiles. It can be prepared by absorbing ethylene into concentrated sulfuric acid or by fuming sulfuric acid into diethyl ether or ethanol. Diethyl sulfate is a strong alkylating agent which ethylates DNA and thus is genotoxic. We are the best Diethyl Sulphate Manufacturers in India.
DMS and DES are monofunctional alkylating agents that have been shown to induce mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and other genetic alterations in a diversity of organisms. They have also been shown to be carcinogenic in animals. As an alkylating agent, DMS is a typical SN2 agent, attacking predominantly nitrogen sites in nucleic acids. DES is capable of SN1 alkylations as well as SN2 and thereby causes some alkylation on oxygen sites including the O6-position of guanine which is thought to be significant in mutagenesis by direct mispairing. The mutagenicity of DMS is better explained in terms of indirect, repair-dependent processes. With respect to both alkylating activity and genetic effects, striking similarities are found between DMS and MMS and between DES and EMS.
In most systems where they have been tested, both DMS and DES are mutagenic. Results of many of the mutagenesis studies involving these compounds and other alkylating sulfuric acid esters are summarized in Tables 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of this review. Most data are consistent with these agents acting primarily as base-pair substitution mutagens. In the case of DES, strong specificity for G · C to A · T transitions has been reported in some systems but has not been clearly supported in some others. Low levels of frameshift mutations of the deletion type are also likely. In addition to the induction of mutations, recombinogenic and clastogenic effects have been described
Diethyl Sulfate is a corrosive, colorless and oily liquid with a feeble peppermint odor. Diethyl sulfate is an important intermediate chemical to make products for coatings, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, detergents and textiles. Diethyl sulfate is mostly used as ethylating agent for organic synthesis & also as an accelerator in the sulfation of ethylene. Diethyl Sulfate is a highly toxic compound, exposure to ethyl sulfate results in irritation to the skin, eyes and respiratory track. Although limited information is available on the acute (short term), chronic (long-term), reproductive or developmental effect of diethyl sulfate in human. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified diethyl sulfate as Group 2A material, possibly carcinogenic to humans based on satisfactory evidence in animals. Diethyl sulfate is estimated to have steady growth over the coming years owing to increasing is demand from its end use industries. Moreover, as an industrial intermediate diethyl sulfate is considered as a high production volume chemical hence, the diethyl sulfate market is deeply dependent on the dynamics of end use industries for its growth.
The diethyl sulfate (DES) mutagenesis was chosen for the mutagenic treatment to Phellinus igniarius, and the relationship of mutagenesis time and death rate was investigated with 0.5% DES. The differences of mycelial growth speed, liquid fermentation mycelia biomass, morphology and pigment classes of secondary metabolites production speed and antioxidant activities of metabolite products were discussed. The study displayed that DES mutagenesis could change mycelial morphology without obvious effect on mycelium growth, and the DES mutagenesis improved antioxidant activities of the active ingredients of P. igniarius and had more antioxidant activity of hypoxia/sugar PC12 nerve cells than that of P. igniarius.
The DNA base sequence changes induced by diethyl sulfate (DES) were analyzed in postmeiotic male germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster. 31 transmissible vermilion mutants were recovered in F1 and F2 generations, with a frequency of 2.6 × 10-4 for the F1, and of 1.8-13 × 10-4 for the F2. The results show that DES induces both base pair substitutions (93%) and deletions (7%). In accord with its relatively high ability to alkylate oxygens in DNA, the most frequent type of sequence alteration among the basepair changes are GC-AT transitions, accounting for 73% of mutations, followed by transversions AT-TA (10%). DES also induced AT-GC transitions and AT-CG transversions. Both induced deletions were intralocus deletions, not occurring between basepair repeats. No influence of neighboring bases on the mutation position was found.
The atmospheric reactivity of diethyl sulfate (DES) has been investigated. Upper limits to the rate constants (in cm3 molecule-1 s-1) for the homogeneous gas-phase reactions of DES with O3, NH3, and H2O have been determined by FTIR spectroscopy and are <3.4 x 10-21, <1.4 x 10-21, and ?2.3 x 10-23, respectively. The reactivity of DES toward OH radicals and Cl atoms has been determined by using relative rate techniques; rate constants for those reactions are (1.8 ± 0.7) x 10-12 and (1.1 ± 0.1) x 10-11, respectively. These rate constants correspond to atmospheric lifetimes ranging from ?1 day with respect to reaction with water to >12 years with respect to ozone. With the possible exception of its reaction with water, these results indicate that the atmospheric fate of DES within an urban air parcel is not determined by its homogeneous gas-phase reactions with any of the atmospheric species studied. No evidence has been found for the formation of DES or related compounds during the ozonolysis of olefins in the presence of SO2 and ethanol.
The silkworms of NB4D2 variety were treated with chemical mutagen Diethyl sulphate (DES). Thelarvae were subjected to two methods of treatments i.e., oral administration of the chemical mutagen and by injectionof 8mM and 10mM concentrations of chemical mutagen through body wall. The lethal effect of the mutagen wasstudied in the subsequent generation. The effect was drastic on structure & morphology of the meiotic chromosomes.Many structural, physiological and numerical aberrations were observed and documented. Certain numerical changessuch as induction of polyploids were attributed to the improvements observed in the expression of commercialcharacters in the silkworm
The invention provides a method used for preparing diethyl sulfate. According to the method, a mixed solution containing ethyl hydrogen sulfate and/or diethyl sulfate is delivered through reaction distillation surface at a certain temperature, and at the same time, reduced pressure distillation is carried out, so that diethyl sulfate in the mixed solution and generated on the reaction distillation surface is separated rapidly, waste sulfuric acid in the mixed solution and generated on the reaction distillation surface is collected in a waste liquid collector, and ethanol is collected in a tail gas collector. Recycling of waste sulfuric acid and collected ethanol can be realized; the method is low in cost; and no waste acid is discharged.
Seeds of a local cultivar of Vicia faba were treated with single and combined applications of 0.75 diethyl sulfate (DES) and 10 kR of gamma rays. Reduced germination, seedling growth, plant height, number of branches, pods, seeds/pod, test weight, survival percentage and seed yield were recorded in the mutagenic treatments in addition to increased pollen sterility and delayed maturity. Application of gamma rays both singly and in combination with DES induced more severe effects than the application of DES alone. In fact, the 0.75 concentration of DES had a slight promoting effect on some growth parameters
An analytical method for the determination of dimethyl sulfate (DMS) and diethyl sulfate (DES) in air has been developed. The DMS and DES are adsorbed on silica gel, desorbed with acetone and determined by gas chromatography using a flame photometric detector. A solvent venting; valve is utilized to allow the injection of a large sample volume without overloading the detector. By using this method, the minimum detectable concentrations in the atmosphere for DMS and DES, based on a 20?L air sample, are 0.04?ppm and 0.1?ppm, respectively.
Diethyl sulfate (DES) is a substance classified to the group of carcinogens. The value of maximum admissible concentration for this substance in workplace air is not specified in Poland. Due to the use of DES in domestic companies there is a need to develop a sensitive method for the determination of diethyl sulfate in the work environment.Studies were performed using gas chromatography (GC) technique. An Agilent Technologies chromatograph, series 7890A, with a mass selective detector (5975C, Agilent Technologies, USA) was used in the experiment. Separation was performed on a capillary column with Rtx-5MS (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm) (Restek, USA). The possibility of using sorbent tubes filled with activated carbon (100 mg/50 mg), silica gel (100 mg/50 mg) and Porapak Q (150 mg/75 mg) for absorption of diethyl sulphate was investigated.The method of sampling air containing diethyl sulfate was developed. Among the sorbents to absorb DES Porapak Q was chosen. Determination of the adsorbed vapor includes desorption of DES, using dichloromethane/methanol mixture (95:5, v/v) and chromatographic analysis of so obtained solution. Method is linear (r = 0.999) within the investigated working range of 0.27- -5.42 µg/ml, which is an equivalent to air concentrations 0.0075-0.15 mg/m<sup>3</sup> for a 36 l air sample.The analytical method described in this paper allows for selective determination of diethyl sulfate in the workplace air in the presence of dimethyl sulfate, ethanol, dichloromethane, triethylamine, 2-(diethylamino)ethanol, and triethylenetetramine.
Diethyl sulfate specification
he Diethyl sulfate, with the CAS registry number 64-67-5 and EINECS registry number 200-589-6, is also known as sulfuric acid, diethyl ester. And the molecular formula of this chemical is C4H10O4S. It is a kind of colorless liquid with a peppermint odor, and also sensitive to moisture. What’s more, It should be stored in the refrigerator.
The physical properties of Diethyl sulfate are as following: (1)ACD/LogP: 1.14; (2)# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0; (3)ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 1.14; (4)ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 1.14; (5)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 4.33; (6)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 4.33; (7)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 99.35; (8)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 99.35; (9)#H bond acceptors: 4; (10)#H bond donors: 0; (11)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 4; (12)Polar Surface Area: 60.98 Å2; (13)Index of Refraction: 1.425; (14)Molar Refractivity: 32.85 cm3; (15)Molar Volume: 128.3 cm3; (16)Polarizability: 13.02×10-24cm3; (17)Surface Tension: 35.7 dyne/cm; (18)Density: 1.201 g/cm3; (19)Flash Point: 78.3 °C; (20)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 42.61 kJ/mol; (21)Boiling Point: 208 °C at 760 mmHg; (22)Vapour Pressure: 0.315 mmHg at 25°C.
Preparation and uses of Diethyl sulfate: It can be prepared by various of method: (1)Alcohol reacts with sulfuric acid; (2)Ether reacts with chlorosulfonic acid; (3)Heat ethyl Sulfate; (4)Ethylene reactswith sulfuric acid. In addition, Diethyl sulfate is used as an alkylating agent to prepare ethyl derivatives of phenols, amines, and thiols.
You should be cautious while dealing with this chemical. It is a highly toxic and likely carcinogenic chemical compoundis, and also harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. It is may also cause burns and heritable genetic damage. Therefore, you had better take the following instructions: Avoid exposure – obtain special instruction before use; In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible).
Application of DIETHYL SULPHATE
Diethyl Sulphate as an Ethylating agent:
It is used as an Ethylating agent in the manufacture of aromatic and aliphatic ethers, amines, amides, esters and imides carbozole for dyestuff, pharmaceutical and flavour synthesis.
Diethyl Sulphate as a Hardener:
It is used as a Hardener for cresol formaldehyde resin manufacture.
Diethyl Sulphate as a Stabilizer:
It is used as a Stabilizer for organophosphrous insecticide.
Diethyl Sulphate in API:
It is also used as API Intermediate.
Diethyl Sulphate Other Uses:
Diethyl Sulphate is used in Pigments, Dyes, Textiles and various other Industries
STORAGE
Separated from food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
PACKAGING
Do not transport with food and feedstuffs.
Toxicity
Diethyl sulfate is a strong alkylating agent which ethylates DNA and thus is genotoxic. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), as of 1999 there is not sufficient evidence for the carcinogenic properties of diethyl sulfate in humans, but there is in animals. It is classified as a Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) carcinogen by the IARC.
Exposure data
Diethyl sulfate is manufactured from ethylene and sulfuric acid. It is used principally as an intermediate (ethylating agent) in the manufacture of dyes, pigments and textile chemicals, and as a finishing agent in textile production. It is an obligatory intermediate in the indirect hydration (strong acid) process for the preparation of synthetic ethanol from ethylene.
Human carcinogenicity data
One cohort study at a US isopropanol and ethanol manufacturing plant revealed an increased risk for laryngeal cancer. A subsequent case-control study nested in an expanded cohort at this plant indicated that the increased risk was related to exposure to sulfuric acid; the risk persisted even after exclusion of workers in the ethanol and isopropanol units. A cohort study from two US plants producing ethanol and isopropanol suggested an increased risk for cancers of the larynx, buccal cavity and pharynx, but not of the lung, in strong-acid workers. An association between estimated exposure to diethyl sulfate and risk for brain tumour was suggested in a study of workers at a US petrochemical plant.No measurement of exposure diethyl sulfate was available for the industrial processes investigated in the epidemiological studies. It is therefore difficult to assess the contribution of diethyl sulfate to the increased cancer risks. Furthermore, exposure to mists and vapours from strong inorganic acids, primarily sulfuric acid, may play a role in increasing these risks.
Animal carcinogenicity data
Diethyl sulfate was tested for carcinogenicity by oral and subcutaneous administration in one strain of rats. After subcutaneous administration, a high incidence of malignant tumours occurred at the injection site. Following oral gavage of diethyl sulfate, forestomach tumours were observed. A low incidence of malignant tumours of the nervous system was observed in the same strain of rats after prenatal exposure.
Other relevant data
Diethyl sulfate induced specific locus mutations in mouse germ-line cells. It was clastogenic in mice and newts, induced DNA damage in mice and rats and ethylated DNA in mice. Diethyl sulfate induced chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus formation in cultured human lymphocytes. It induced alkali-labile sites in cultured human leukocytes in one study. In cultured mammalian cells, diethyl sulfate induced chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation, sister chromatid exchange, forward mutation and DNA single-strand breaks; it also induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. In single studies, diethyl sulfate did not induce aneuploidy or reciprocal translocation in Drosophila melanogaster but did induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations and genetic crossing-over. In plant cells, diethyl sulfate induced chromosomal aberrations, mutation and unscheduled DNA synthesis. It induced reverse mutation and mitotic recombination in yeast. Diethyl sulfate induced mutation and DNA damage in bacteria.
Fizikokimyasal Bilgi
Younluk: 1,18 g / cm3 (20 ° C)
Patlama snr: 1.8 -% 12.2 (V)
Parlama noktas: 104 ° C
Ateleme scakl: 436 ° C
Erime Noktas: -25 ° C
Buhar basnc: 0.25 hPa (20 ° C)
Çözünürlük: 7 g / l Hidroliz
Dietil Sülfat, yala birlikte koyulaan ve hafif nane kokusuna sahip renksiz, andrc, yal bir svdr. Dietil sülfat esas olarak organik sentezde ve boya ve tekstil üretiminde etilen bir ajan olarak kullanlr. Bu maddeye maruz kalmak göz, cilt ve solunum sistemine ciddi tahrilere neden olur. Muhtemelen bir mutajendir ve deney hayvanlarnda karsinojenisiteye dayanan bir insan kanserojen olmas ve muhtemelen laringeal kanser gelimesi ile ilikili olabilecei düünülmektedir. Dietil sülfat, bir etilen maddesi olarak ve bir kimyasal ara madde olarak kullanlr. nsanlarda akut (ksa süreli), kronik (uzun süreli), üreme veya geliimsel etkileri hakknda herhangi bir bilgi bulunmamaktadr. Epidemiyolojik bir çalmada, laringeal kanserin ar mortalite oran, yüksek konsantrasyonlarda dietil sülfata maruz kalma ile ilikiliydi. Bir çalmada, oral olarak dietil sülfata maruz kalan sçanlar, ön-bantta tümörler gelitirmitir. EPA, potansiyel karsinojenisiteye göre dietil sülfat snflandrmamtr. Uluslararas Kanser Aratrmalar Ajans (IARC), dietil sülfat’ bir Grup 2A, olas insan kanserojen olarak snflandrmtr. Dietil sülfat, (C2H5) 2S04 formülüne sahip oldukça toksik ve muhtemel karsinojenik bir kimyasal bileiktir. Nane kokusu, renksiz, yal bir sv olarak ortaya çkar ve andrcdr. Fenilsülfatlar, aminler ve tiyollerin etil türevlerini hazrlamak için bir alkilleyici madde olarak dietil sülfat kullanlr. Boya ve tekstil üretiminde kullanlr
Dietil sülfat, bir etilen maddesi olarak ve bir kimyasal ara madde olarak kullanlr. nsanlarda akut (ksa süreli), kronik (uzun süreli), üreme veya geliimsel etkileri hakknda herhangi bir bilgi bulunmamaktadr. Epidemiyolojik bir çalmada, laringeal kanserin ar mortalite oran, yüksek konsantrasyonlarda dietil sülfata maruz kalma ile ilikiliydi. Bir çalmada, oral olarak dietil sülfata maruz kalan sçanlar, ön-bantta tümörler gelitirmitir. EPA, potansiyel karsinojenisiteye göre dietil sülfat snflandrmamtr. Uluslararas Kanser Aratrmalar Ajans (IARC), bir grup 2A, olas insan kanserojen olarak dietil sülfat snflandrd
Dietil Sülfat, hafif ila nane benzeri bir kokuya sahip renksiz bir sv kimyasal ara maddedir. Dietil sülfat [CAS: 64-67-5] genellikle Dietil Sülfat ve DES ksaltmas olarak bilinir; dier isimler Sülfürik asit dietil ester ve Dietil Monosülfat içerir. Dietil Sülfat üretmek için kullanlabilecek iki yöntem vardr. lk yöntem, konsantre bir sülfürik asit çözeltisi yoluyla etilen gaz kabarck haline getirmektir. Dietil Sülfatn üretilmesinin ikinci yöntemi, konsantre sülfürik asidin bir etil alkol veya etil eter çözeltisine kartrlmasdr. Dietil Sülfatn balca uygulamalar; kaplamalar, farmasötikler, kiisel bakm ürünleri, deterjanlar, tekstil, boyalar ve lezzet / koku uygulamalardr. Dietil Sülfat, etil bazl aminler, fenoller ve tiyol türevleri için bir alkilleyici madde olarak hizmet eder. Dietil Sülfatn ana uygulamalarndan biri, birçok ortak yüzey aktif maddede kullanlan Dietil Sülfat esasl Kuaterner amonyum katyonlarnn [Quat] üretimi içindir. Özellikle, Quats, amonyum iyonlar ile ilikili pozitif yüklü organik deterjanlardr. Dier yaygn endüstriyel kullanmlar arasnda Etil türevleri ve genel esterifikasyonun aa üretimi yer alr.
Dietil sülfat, formül (C2H5) 2S04 ile yüksek derecede toksik ve muhtemel karsinojenik bir kimyasal bileiktir. Nane kokusu, renksiz, yal bir sv olarak ortaya çkar ve andrcdr. Fenil, aminler ve tiyollerin etil türevlerini hazrlamak için bir alkilleyici madde olarak etil sülfat kullanlr. Boya ve tekstil üretiminde kullanlr. Etileni konsantre sülfürik aside emerek veya sülfürik asidi dietil eter veya etanol içine füme ederek hazrlanabilir. Dietil sülfat, DNA’y ethyte eden ve dolaysyla genotoksik olan güçlü bir alkilleyici ajandr. Hindistan’daki en iyi Dietil Sülfat Üreticileriyiz.
DMS ve DES, mutasyonlar, kromozom anormalliklerini ve çeitli organizmalarda dier genetik deiiklikleri tetikledii görülen tek fonksiyonlu alkilleyici ajanlardr. Hayvanlarda da kanserojen olduu gösterilmitir. Bir alkilleyici ajan olarak, DMS, nükleik asitlerde baskn olarak nitrojen bölgelerine saldran tipik bir SN2 ajandr. DES, SN2’nin yan sra SN1 alkilasyonu yeteneine sahiptir ve dolays ile de dorudan yanl eletirme ile mutagenezde önemli olduu düünülen guaninin O6-pozisyonu da dahil olmak üzere oksijen bölgelerinde bir miktar alkilasyona neden olur. DMS’nin mutajenitesi, dolayl, tamir baml süreçler açsndan daha iyi açklanmaktadr. Hem alkilleyici aktivite hem de genetik etkiler açsndan, DMS ve MMS arasnda ve DES ve EMS arasnda çarpc benzerlikler bulunmutur.
Test edilen çou sistemde, hem DMS hem de DES mutajeniktir. Bu bileikleri ve dier alkilleyici sülfürik asit esterlerini içeren mutajenez çalmalarnn çounun sonuçlar, bu gözden geçirmenin Tablo 6, 7, 8, 9 ve 10’unda özetlenmitir. Çou veri, esas olarak baz çift ikame mutajenleri olarak hareket eden bu maddeler ile tutarldr. DES durumunda, baz sistemlerde G · C ila A · T geçileri için güçlü özgüllük bildirilmitir, ancak bazlarnda açkça desteklenmemitir. Silme tipinin frameshift mutasyonlarnn düük seviyeleri de muhtemeldir. Mutasyonlarn indüksiyonuna ek olarak, rekombinojenik ve sitotojenik etkiler tarif edilmitir.
Dietil Sülfat, kokulu, renksiz ve yal bir sv olup, zayf nane kokusu içerir. Dietil sülfat, kaplamalar, farmasötik ürünler, kiisel bakm ürünleri, deterjanlar ve tekstiller için ürünler yapmak için önemli bir ara kimyasaldr. Dietil sülfat çounlukla organik sentez için etilen maddesi olarak ve ayrca etilenin sülfasyonunda bir hzlandrc olarak kullanlr. Dietil Sülfat oldukça zehirli bir bileiktir, etil sülfata maruz kalmak deride, gözlerde ve solunum yollarnda tahrie neden olur. Akut (ksa süreli), kronik (uzun süreli), insanda dietil sülfatn üreme veya geliimsel etkisi hakknda snrl bilgi bulunmasna ramen. Uluslararas Kanser Aratrmalar Ajans (IARC), hayvanlarda tatmin edici kantlara dayal olarak insanlarda kansere neden olabilen, Grup 2A malzemesi olarak dietil sülfat snflandrmtr. Son kullanm endüstrilerinden gelen talebin artmas nedeniyle, dietil sülfatn önümüzdeki yllarda istikrarl bir ekilde büyümesi beklenmektedir. Dahas, bir endüstriyel ara dietil sülfat, yüksek bir üretim hacmi olarak kabul edilir, dolaysyla dietil sülfat pazar, büyümesi için son kullanm endüstrilerinin dinamiine derinden baldr.
Phellinus igniarius’a mutajenik tedavi için dietil sülfat (DES) mutagenezi seçilmi ve% 0,5 DES ile mutajenez zaman ve ölüm oran arasndaki iliki aratrlmtr. Miyoel büyüme hzlar, sv fermantasyon misel biyokütle, morfoloji ve pigment snflarnn ikincil metabolit üretim hz ve metabolit ürünlerinin antioksidan aktiviteleri arasndaki farklar tartld. Çalma, DES mutagenezinin miselyum büyümesi üzerinde belirgin bir etki yaratmadan miyelo morfolojisini deitirebileceini ve DES mutagenezinin P. igniarius’un aktif bileenlerinin antioksidan aktivitelerini gelitirdiini ve hipoksi / eker PC12 sinir hücrelerinin P. igniarius’dan daha fazla antioksidan aktivitesine sahip olduunu gösterdi.
Dietil sülfat (DES) tarafndan indüklenen DNA baz dizisi deiimleri, Drosophila melanogaster’in postmeiotik erkek germ hücrelerinde analiz edildi. F1 ve F2 nesillerinde, F1 için 2.6 x 10-4 ve F2 için 1.8-13 × 10-4 frekansta 31 aktarlabilir vermilyon mutant bulunmutur. Sonuçlar, DES’nin baz çifti ikamelerini (% 93) ve delesyonlar (% 7) indüklediini göstermektedir. DNA’daki oksijeni alkilleme kabiliyeti nispeten yüksek olmasna bal olarak, bazepair deiimleri arasnda en sk sekans deiimi, mutasyonlarn% 73’ünü oluturan GC-AT geçileri ve bunu takiben AT-TA transversyonlardr (% 10). DES ayrca AT-GC geçilerini ve AT-CG transversyonlarn indükledi. Her iki indüklenmi delesyon, bazal tekrarlar arasnda meydana gelmeyen intralorokal delesyonlard. Komu bazlarn mutasyon pozisyonuna etkisi yoktur.
Dietil sülfatn atmosferik reaktivitesi (DES) aratrlmtr. O3, NH3 ve H2O ile DES’nin homojen gaz faz reaksiyonlar için hz sabitlerinin (cm3 molekülü-1 s-1’de) üst snrlar FTIR spektroskopisi ile belirlenmitir ve <3.4 x 10-21, <1.4 x Srasyla 10-21 ve ?2.3 x 10-23. DES’nin OH radikallerine ve Cl atomlarna kar reaktivitesi, nispi oran teknikleri kullanlarak belirlenmitir; Bu reaksiyonlar için hz sabitleri srasyla (1.8 ± 0.7) x 10-12 ve (1.1 ± 0.1) x 10-11’dir. Bu hz sabitleri, ozon açsndan suyla reaksiyona bal olarak 121 günden >1 güne kadar deien atmosferik yaamlara karlk gelir. Su ile reaksiyonun muhtemel istisnas ile, bu sonuçlar, bir kentsel hava parselindeki DES atmosferik kaderinin, incelenen atmosferik türlerin herhangi biriyle homojen gaz faz reaksiyonlar ile belirlenmediine iaret etmektedir. SO2 ve etanol varlnda olefinlerin ozonolizi srasnda DES veya ilgili bileiklerin oluumu için kant bulunamamtr.
NB4D2 çeidinin ipek kurtlar kimyasal mutajen Dietil sülfat (DES) ile muamele edildi. Thelarvae iki tedavi yöntemine, yani kimyasal mutagenin oral yoldan uygulanmasna ve vücut duvarndan 8mM ve 10mM kimyasal mutagen konsantrasyonlarna enjekte edildi. Mutajenin öldürücü etkisi, sonraki jenerasyonda incelenmitir. Bu etki, mayotik kromozomlarn yap ve morfolojisi üzerinde etkili olmutur. Birçok yapsal, fizyolojik ve saysal sapma gözlemlenmi ve belgelenmitir. Poliploitlerin indüksiyonu olarak belirli saysal deiimler, ipekböceinde ticari karakterlerin ifadesinde gözlenen gelimelere balanmtr.
Bulu, dietil sülfatn hazrlanmasnda kullanlan bir yöntem salar. Yönteme göre, etil hidrojen sülfat ve / veya dietil sülfat içeren bir kark çözelti, reaksiyon damtma yüzeyi yoluyla belirli bir scaklkta iletilir ve ayn zamanda, düük basnç damtma ilemi gerçekletirilir, böylece kark çözelti içindeki dietil sülfat ve Reaksiyon damtma yüzeyinde üretilen hzl bir ekilde ayrlr, kark çözelti içinde atk sülfürik asit ve reaksiyon damtma yüzeyi üzerinde oluturulan atk sv toplaycda toplanr ve etanol bir kuyruk gaz toplaycsnda toplanr. Atk sülfürik asit ve toplanan etanolün geri dönüümü gerçekletirilebilir; yöntem maliyette düüktür; ve hiçbir atk asit dearj edilmez.
Yerel bir Vicia faba çeidi tohumlar, tek ve kombine 0.75 dietil sülfat (DES) ve 10 kR gama nlar ile ilenmitir. Artan genleme ve gecikmi olgunlua ek olarak mutajenik tedavilerde de azalm çimlenme, fide büyümesi, bitki boyu, dal says, bakla, tohum / bakla, test arl, yaama yüzdesi ve tohum verimi kaydedilmitir. Tek bana ve DES ile kombinasyon halinde gamma nlarnn uygulanmas, tek bana DES uygulamasndan daha ciddi etkilere neden olmutur. Aslnda, DES’nin 0.75 konsantrasyonu, baz büyüme parametreleri üzerinde hafif bir tevik edici etkiye sahiptir.
Havadaki dimetil sülfat (DMS) ve dietil sülfatn (DES) belirlenmesi için analitik bir yöntem gelitirilmitir. DMS ve DES, silis jel üzerine emdirilir, aseton ile desorbe edilir ve bir alev fotometrik detektör kullanlarak gaz kromatografisi ile belirlenir. Bir çözücü havalandrma; Valf, dedektörü ar yüklemeden büyük bir örnek hacminin enjekte edilmesine izin vermek için kullanlr. Bu yöntem kullanlarak, 20 L hava örneine dayal olarak DMS ve DES için atmosferdeki minimum tespit edilebilir konsantrasyonlar srasyla 0.04 ppm ve 0.1 ppm’dir.
Dietil sülfat (DES) karsinojenler grubuna snflandrlan bir maddedir. Bu madde için iyerinde havaya izin verilen maksimum konsantrasyonun deeri Polonya’da belirtilmemitir. Yerleik firmalarda DES kullanm nedeniyle, i ortamnda dietil sülfatn belirlenmesi için hassas bir yöntem gelitirmeye ihtiyaç vardr. Çalmalar gaz kromatografisi (GC) teknii kullanlarak gerçekletirilmitir. Deneyde bir kütle seçici detektör (5975C, Agilent Technologies, ABD) ile bir 785A Agilent Technologies kromatografisi kullanlmtr. Ayrma, Rtx-5MS (30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 um) (Restek, ABD) ile bir klcal kolon üzerinde gerçekletirilmitir. Dietil sülfatn emilimi için aktif karbon (100 mg / 50 mg), silika jel (100 mg / 50 mg) ve Porapak Q (150 mg / 75 mg) ile doldurulmu sorbent tüplerin kullanlmas olasl aratrld. Örnekleme havas yöntemi dietil sülfat içeren gelitirilmitir. DES Porapak Q’yi emen sorbentler arasndan seçildi. Adsorbe edilen buharn belirlenmesi, DES’nin desorpsiyonunu, diklorometan / metanol karm (95: 5, v / v) ve bu ekilde elde edilen çözeltinin kromatografik analizini içerir. Metod, 0.26-5.42 µg / ml çalma aralndaki dorusaldr (r = 0.999); bu, 36 l hava numunesi için 0.0075-0.15 mg / m3 sup / 3 hava konsantrasyonlarna denktir. Bu makalede açklanan analitik yöntem, dimetil sülfat, etanol, diklorometan, trietilamin, 2- (dietilamino) etanol ve trietilentetraminin mevcudiyetinde iyeri havasnda dietil sülfatn seçici olarak belirlenmesini salar.
Dietil sülfat artname
o 64-67-5 CAS kayt numaras ve 200-589-6 CAS kayt numaras ile dietil sülfat da sülfürik asit, dietil ester olarak bilinir. Ve bu kimyasaln moleküler formülü C4H10O4S’dir. Nane kokusu olan ve neme kar hassas olan renksiz bir svdr. Dahas, buzdolabnda saklanmaldr.
Dietil sülfatn fiziksel özellikleri aadaki gibidir: (1) ACD / LogP: 1.14; (2) 5 hlal Kural: 0; (3) ACD / LogD (pH 5.5): 1.14; (4) ACD / LogD (pH 7.4): 1.14; (5) ACD / BCF (pH 5.5): 4.33; (6) ACD / BCF (pH 7.4): 4.33; (7) ACD / KOC (pH 5.5): 99.35; (8) ACD / KOC (pH 7.4): 99.35; (9) # H ba alclar: 4; (10) # H ba vericileri: 0; (11) # Normal Dönen Tahvil: 4; (12) Polar Yüzey Alan: 60.98 Å2; (13) Krlma ndeksi: 1.425; (14) Molar Refraksiyon: 32.85 cm3; (15) Molar Hacim: 128.3 cm3; (16) Polarizasyon: 13.02 × 10-24cm3; (17) Yüzey Gerilimi: 35.7 dyne / cm; (18) Younluk: 1.201 g / cm3; (19) Parlama Noktas: 78.3 ° C; (20) Buharlama Entalpisi: 42.61 kJ / mol; (21) Kaynama Noktas: 760 mmHg’de 208 ° C; (22) Buhar Basnc: 25 ° C’de 0.315 mmHg.
Dietil sülfatn hazrlanmas ve kullanlmas: Çeitli yöntemlerle hazrlanabilir: (1) Alkol sülfürik asit ile reaksiyona girer; (2) Eter klorosülfonik asit ile reaksiyona girer; (3) Is etil sülfat; (4) Etilen sülfürik asit ile reaksiyona girer. Ek olarak, dietil sülfat, fenollerin, aminlerin ve tiyollerin etil türevlerini hazrlamak için bir alkilleyici madde olarak kullanlr.
Bu kimyasalla urarken dikkatli olmalsnz. Çok zehirli ve muhtemelen kanserojen bir kimyasal bileiktir ve ayrca solunduunda, cilt ile temasnda ve yutulduunda sala zararldr. Yanklara ve kaltsal genetik hasara neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, aadaki talimatlar uygulamanz daha iyi olur: Maruz kalmaktan kaçnn – kullanmadan önce özel talimat aln; Kaza durumunda veya kendinizi iyi hissetmiyorsanz hemen bir doktora bavurun (mümkünse etiketi gösterin).
DETL SÜLFAT UYGULAMASI
Etilletirici bir madde olarak dietil sülfat:
Aromatik ve alifatik eterler, aminler, amidler, esterler ve boyalar, farmasötik ve lezzet sentezi için imar karbozol üretiminde bir Etilen maddesi olarak kullanlr.
Sertletirici Olarak Dietil Sülfat:
Kresol formaldehit reçine üretimi için Sertletirici olarak kullanlr.
Stabilizatör olarak Dietil Sülfat:
Organofosphrous insektisit için Stabilizatör olarak kullanlr.
API’de Dietil Sülfat:
Ayrca API Intermediate olarak kullanlr.
Dietil Sülfat Dier Kullanm Alanlar:
Dietil Sülfat Pigmentler, Boyalar, Tekstil ve dier çeitli Endüstrilerde kullanlr.
DEPOLAMA
Gda ve gda maddelerinden ayr depolaynz. Kuru. yi kapal. yi havalandrlm bir odada saklaynz. Boaltma veya kanalizasyon eriimi olmayan bir alanda saklayn.
PAKETLEME
Gda ve gda maddeleri ile tanmamaldr.
Toksisite
Dietil sülfat, DNA’y ethyte eden ve dolaysyla genotoksik olan güçlü bir alkilleyici ajandr. Uluslararas Kanser Aratrmalar Ajans’na (IARC) göre, 1999 itibariyle insanlarda dietil sülfatn karsinojenik özellikleri için yeterli kant yoktur, ancak hayvanlarda vardr. IARC tarafndan bir grup 2A (muhtemelen insanlara karsinojeniktir) karsinojen olarak snflandrlmtr.
Pozlama verileri
Dietil sülfat, etilen ve sülfürik asitten imal edilir. Esas olarak boyalarn, pigmentlerin ve tekstil kimyasallarnn imalatnda ve tekstil üretiminde bir terbiye maddesi olarak bir ara madde (etilen maddesi) olarak kullanlr. Etilenden sentetik etanolün hazrlanmas için dolayl hidrasyon (güçlü asit) ileminde zorunlu bir ara maddedir.
nsan kanserojenlik verileri
Bir ABD izopropanol ve etanol imalat fabrikasnda yaplan bir kohort çalmas, laringeal kanser için yüksek bir risk ortaya koymutur. Bu bitkide geniletilmi bir kohortta iç içe geçmi bir vaka kontrol çalmas, artan riskin sülfürik aside maruz kalma ile ilgili olduunu gösterdi; çilerin etanol ve izopropanol birimlerinde dlanmasndan sonra bile risk devam etti. Etanol ve izopropanol üreten iki ABD tesisinden yaplan bir kohort çalmas, güçlü asitli içilerde, akcierin deil, akcierin, bukal kavitenin ve farenksin kanserlerinin riskini artrd. ABD petrokimya tesisindeki içilerin bir çalmasnda, dietil sülfata maruz kalma ile beyin tümörü riski arasnda bir iliki önerilmitir.Epidemiyolojik çalmalarda aratrlan endüstriyel süreçler için hiçbir maruziyet dietil sülfat ölçümü mevcut deildi. Bu nedenle, dietil sülfatn artan kanser risklerine katksn deerlendirmek zordur. Ayrca, öncelikle sülfürik asit olan güçlü inorganik asitlerden buu ve buharlara maruz kalmak, bu risklerin artmasnda rol oynayabilir.
Hayvan kanserojenlik verileri
Dietil sülfat, bir sçan sçannda azdan ve deri altndan uygulama yoluyla kanserojenlik açsndan test edildi. Deri altna uygulamadan sonra, enjeksiyon bölgesinde yüksek bir malign tümör insidans meydana geldi. Oral dietil sülfat gavajndan sonra, forestomach tümörleri gözlendi. Prenatal maruziyetin ardndan ayn suta sinir sistemi malign tümörlerinin düük bir insidans gözlenmitir.
Dier ilgili veriler
Dietil sülfat, fare germ hatt hücrelerinde spesifik lokus mutasyonlar uyard. Farelerde ve yenilerde klastojenik, farelerde fareler ve sçanlarda DNA hasar ve farelerde etilen DNA idi. Dietil sülfat, kültürlenmi insan lenfositlerinde kromozomal anormallikleri ve mikronükleus oluumunu balatmtr. Bir çalmada kültürlenmi insan lökositlerinde alkali-kararsz bölgelere neden oldu. Kültürlenmi memeli hücrelerinde, dietil sülfat, kromozom anormallikleri, mikronükleus oluumu, karde kromatid deiimi, ileri mutasyon ve DNA tek iplikli krlmalara neden olmutur; Ayn zamanda sçan hepatositlerinin birincil kültürlerinde planlanmam DNA sentezini indüklemitir. Tek çalmalarda, dietil sülfat, Drosophila melanogaster’de anöploidi veya karlkl translokasyonu indüklemedi, ancak cinsiyete bal resesif ölümcül mutasyonlar ve genetik geçii indükledi. Bitki hücrelerinde, dietil sülfat, kromozom anormallikleri, mutasyon ve planlanmam DNA sentezini indüklemitir. Mayada ters mutasyon ve mitotik rekombinasyonu indüklemitir. Dietil sülfat, bakterilerde mutasyona ve DNA hasarna neden oldu.