AMMONIUM ACETATE (AMONYUM ASETAT)
AMMONIUM ACETATE (AMONYUM ASETAT)
CAS No.: 631-61-8
EC No.: 211-162-9
Synonyms:
AMMONIUM ACETATE; 631-61-8; Acetic acid, ammonium salt; acetic acid ammonium salt; ammoniumacetate; ammonium ethanoate; UNII-RRE756S6Q2; AcONH4; CH3COONH4; CH3CO2NH4; RRE756S6Q2; Acetic acid, ammonium salt (1:1); ammonia acetate; HSDB 556; acetic acid amine; Azanium Acetate; EINECS 211-162-9; MFCD00013066; AI3-26540; Acetic acid, ammonium salt, 98%, pure; Acetic acid, ammonium salt, 98+%, for HPLC; Acetic acid, ammonium salt, 97+%, ACS reagent; Acetic acid, ammonium salt, 98+%, for analysis; Acetic acid, ammonium salt, 98%, for biochemistry; amoniumacetate; ammonium-acetate; ammonium acetate-; ammonia acetate salt; acetic acid ammoniate; Ammonium Acetate ACS; NH4OAc; EC 211-162-9; ACMC-1B9K6; KSC358S2H; INS No. 264; DTXSID5023873; CHEBI:62947; CTK2F8923; KS-00000VHA; Ammonium acetate, biochemical grade; AKOS015904610; E264; SC-46872; E 264; E-264; FT-0622306; 1821-EP0930075A1; 1821-EP2269989A1; 1821-EP2269990A1; 1821-EP2270010A1; 1821-EP2270014A1; 1821-EP2270016A1; 1821-EP2272845A2; 1821-EP2272848A1; 1821-EP2272972A1; 1821-EP2272973A1; 1821-EP2275105A1; 1821-EP2275404A1; 1821-EP2275409A1; 1821-EP2277507A1; 1821-EP2277848A1; 1821-EP2277872A1; 1821-EP2277898A2; 1821-EP2280000A1; 1821-EP2280009A1; 1821-EP2281818A1; 1821-EP2284159A1; 1821-EP2286795A1; 1821-EP2287940A1;ammonium acetate; acetic acid; ammonium salt; azanium acetate; ammoniumacetate; acetic acid ammonium salt; ammonium ethanoate; unii-rre756s6q2; aconh4; ch3coonh4; ch3co2nh4; 1821-EP2289890A1; 1821-EP2292615A1; 1821-EP2292619A1; 1821-EP2295408A1; 1821-EP2295415A1; 1821-EP2295423A1; 1821-EP2298313A1; 1821-EP2298744A2; 1821-EP2298763A1; 1821-EP2299509A1; 1821-EP2301933A1; 1821-EP2305254A1; 1821-EP2305643A1; 1821-EP2305673A1; 1821-EP2308839A1; 1821-EP2308841A2; Acetic Acid; Ammonium Salt; 1821-EP2308851A1; 1821-EP2309584A1; 1821-EP2311818A1; OmniPur Ammonium Acetate; CAS 631-61-8; Calbiochem 1821-EP2311824A1; 1821-EP2311826A2; 1821-EP2311827A1; 1821-EP2311830A1; 1821-EP2311834A1; 1821-EP2311836A1; 1821-EP2311842A2; 1821-EP2314576A1; 1821-EP2371797A1; 1821-EP2371798A1; 1821-EP2371800A1; 1821-EP2371804A1; 1821-EP2374538A1; acetic acid amine; acetic acid ammoniate; AcONH4; ammonia acetate; Ammonium acetate, 5M aqueous solution; Ammonium acetate, biochemical grade; ammoniumacetate; azanium acetate; azanium and acetate; azanium ethanoate; CH3COONH4; Ammonium acetate; Ammonium aletate; Ammoniumacetat; [NH4](+)[OAc](-); AcO(-)NH4(+); AMMONIUM ACETATE TS; ammonia acetate; nitrilo acetic acid; AmmoniumAcetateA.R.; AmmoniumAcetateGr; Acetic acid, ammonium salt; AmmoniumAcetateAcs9; Mindererus’s spirit; ACETIC ACID, AMMONIUM SALT; ACETIC-AMMONIUM ACETATE; AMMONIUM ACETATE; AMMONIUM ACETATE TS; NH4OAC; WATER WITH; AMMONIUM ACETATE; acetated’ammonium; Mindererus’s spirit; AMMONIUM ACETATE SOLUTION, F. MOL. BIOL. , 5 M IN WATER; AMMONIUM ACETATE PURISS. P. A., FOR HPLC, > 99.0% (NT); AMMONIUM ACETATE MOLECULAR BIOLOGYREAGEN T; AMMONIUM ACETATE ACS REAGENT; AMMONIUM ACETATE R. G., REAG. ACS, REAG.; AMMONIUM ACETATE, 99.999%; AMMONIUM ACETATE SIGMAULTRA; AMMONIUM ACETATE, ACS; AMMONIUM ACETATE, FOR LUMINESCENCE; AMMONIUM ACETATE 7.5 M SOLUTIONMOLECULAR BIOLOGY R; AMMONIUM ACETATE, REAGENTPLUS, 99.99+%; AMMONIUM ACETATE 97+% A.C.S. REAGENT; AMONYUM ASETAT; amonyum asetat; amoniyum asetat; AMONYUM ASETAT; AMMONIUM ACETATE; 631-61-8; Acetic acid, ammonium salt; acetic acid ammonium salt; ammoniumacetate; ammonium ethanoate; UNII-RRE756S6Q2; AcONH4; CH3COONH4; CH3CO2NH4; RRE756S6Q2; Acetic acid, ammonium salt (1:1); ammonia acetate; HSDB 556; acetic acid amine; Azanium Acetate; EINECS 211-162-9; MFCD00013066; AI3-26540; Acetic acid, ammonium salt, 98%, pure; Acetic acid, ammonium salt, 98+%, for HPLC; Acetic acid, ammonium salt, 97+%, ACS reagent; Acetic acid, ammonium salt, 98+%, for analysis; Acetic acid, ammonium salt, 98%, for biochemistry; amoniumacetate; ammonium-acetate; ammonium acetate-; ammonia acetate salt; acetic acid ammoniate; Ammonium Acetate ACS; NH4OAc; EC 211-162-9; ACMC-1B9K6; KSC358S2H; INS No. 264; DTXSID5023873; CHEBI:62947; CTK2F8923; KS-00000VHA; Ammonium acetate, biochemical grade; AKOS015904610; E264; SC-46872; E 264; E-264; FT-0622306; 1821-EP0930075A1; 1821-EP2269989A1; 1821-EP2269990A1; 1821-EP2270010A1; 1821-EP2270014A1; 1821-EP2270016A1; 1821-EP2272845A2; 1821-EP2272848A1; 1821-EP2272972A1; 1821-EP2272973A1; 1821-EP2275105A1; 1821-EP2275404A1; 1821-EP2275409A1; 1821-EP2277507A1; 1821-EP2277848A1; 1821-EP2277872A1; 1821-EP2277898A2; 1821-EP2280000A1; 1821-EP2280009A1; 1821-EP2281818A1; 1821-EP2284159A1; 1821-EP2286795A1; 1821-EP2287940A1;ammonium acetate; acetic acid; ammonium salt; azanium acetate; ammoniumacetate; acetic acid ammonium salt; ammonium ethanoate; unii-rre756s6q2; aconh4; ch3coonh4; ch3co2nh4; 1821-EP2289890A1; 1821-EP2292615A1; 1821-EP2292619A1; 1821-EP2295408A1; 1821-EP2295415A1; 1821-EP2295423A1; 1821-EP2298313A1; 1821-EP2298744A2; 1821-EP2298763A1; 1821-EP2299509A1; 1821-EP2301933A1; 1821-EP2305254A1; 1821-EP2305643A1; 1821-EP2305673A1; 1821-EP2308839A1; 1821-EP2308841A2; Acetic Acid; Ammonium Salt; 1821-EP2308851A1; 1821-EP2309584A1; 1821-EP2311818A1; OmniPur Ammonium Acetate; CAS 631-61-8; Calbiochem 1821-EP2311824A1; 1821-EP2311826A2; 1821-EP2311827A1; 1821-EP2311830A1; 1821-EP2311834A1; 1821-EP2311836A1; 1821-EP2311842A2; 1821-EP2314576A1; 1821-EP2371797A1; 1821-EP2371798A1; 1821-EP2371800A1; 1821-EP2371804A1; 1821-EP2374538A1; acetic acid amine; acetic acid ammoniate; AcONH4; ammonia acetate; Ammonium acetate, 5M aqueous solution; Ammonium acetate, biochemical grade; ammoniumacetate; azanium acetate; azanium and acetate; azanium ethanoate; CH3COONH4; Ammonium acetate; Ammonium aletate; Ammoniumacetat; [NH4](+)[OAc](-); AcO(-)NH4(+); AMMONIUM ACETATE TS; ammonia acetate; nitrilo acetic acid; AmmoniumAcetateA.R.; AmmoniumAcetateGr; Acetic acid, ammonium salt; AmmoniumAcetateAcs9; Mindererus’s spirit; ACETIC ACID, AMMONIUM SALT; ACETIC-AMMONIUM ACETATE; AMMONIUM ACETATE; AMMONIUM ACETATE TS; NH4OAC; WATER WITH; AMMONIUM ACETATE; acetated’ammonium; Mindererus’s spirit; AMMONIUM ACETATE SOLUTION, F. MOL. BIOL. , 5 M IN WATER; AMMONIUM ACETATE PURISS. P. A., FOR HPLC, > 99.0% (NT); AMMONIUM ACETATE MOLECULAR BIOLOGYREAGEN T; AMMONIUM ACETATE ACS REAGENT; AMMONIUM ACETATE R. G., REAG. ACS, REAG.; AMMONIUM ACETATE, 99.999%; AMMONIUM ACETATE SIGMAULTRA; AMMONIUM ACETATE, ACS; AMMONIUM ACETATE, FOR LUMINESCENCE; AMMONIUM ACETATE 7.5 M SOLUTIONMOLECULAR BIOLOGY R; AMMONIUM ACETATE, REAGENTPLUS, 99.99+%; AMMONIUM ACETATE 97+% A.C.S. REAGENT; AMONYUM ASETAT; amonyum asetat; amoniyum asetat; AMONYUM ASETAT
AMMONIUM ACETATE
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), also known as spirit of Mindererus in aqueous solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NH4CH3CO2. It is a white, hygroscopic solid and can be derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid. It is available commercially.[5]
Contents
1 Uses
1.1 Buffer
1.2 Other
1.3 Food additive
2 Production
3 References
4 External links
Uses
It is the main precursor to acetamide:[6]
NH4CH3CO2 → CH3C(O)NH2 + H2O
It is also used as a diuretic.[5]
Buffer
As the salt of a weak acid and a weak base, Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is often used with acetic acid to create a buffer solution. Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is volatile at low pressures. Because of this, it has been used to replace cell buffers with non-volatile salts in preparing samples for mass spectrometry.[7] It is also popular as a buffer for mobile phases for HPLC with ELSD detection for this reason. Other volatile salts that have been used for this include Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) formate.
Other
a biodegradable de-icing agent.
a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation and as a source of ammonia in the Borch reaction in organic synthesis.
a protein precipitating reagent in dialysis to remove contaminants via diffusion.
a reagent in agricultural chemistry for determination of soil CEC (cation exchange capacity ) and determination of available potassium in soil wherein the Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) ion acts as a replacement cation for potassium.
Food additive
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is also used as a food additive as an acidity regulator; INS number 264. It is approved for usage in Australia and New Zealand.[8]
Production
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is produced by the neutralization of acetic acid with Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) carbonate or by saturating glacial acetic acid with ammonia.[9] Obtaining crystalline Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is difficult on account of its hygroscopic nature.
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat)
PORPHYRINS: LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Choice of Mobile Phase
The porphyrins derived from the haem biosynthetic pathway are amphoteric compounds ionizable and soluble in both acids and bases. They are therefore ideal for separation by RP-HPLC in the presence of an ion-pairing agent (e.g. tetrabutyl Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) phosphate) or by ionization control with an acid (e.g. trifluoroacetic acid), a base (e.g. triethylamine) or a buffer solution (e.g. Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) buffer).
The choice of a correct mobile phase is obviously important for achieving an optimal separation. With the increasing use of online HPLC–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), the chosen mobile phase ideally should also be fully compatible with mass spectrometry. The introduction of hybrid electrospray quadrupole/time-of-flight MS allows sensitive and specific analysis of porphyrin free acids by LC–MS. To exploit this capability a mobile phase that is sufficiently volatile and is able to separate the whole range of porphyrins, including the complex type-isomers, is highly desirable. This rules out reversed-phase ion pair chromatography and the use of phosphate buffer. Simple acidic eluent such as 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid–acetonitrile mixtures can be used for the separation of porphyrins. However, resolution of the type-isomers of uro- and hepta-carboxyl porphyrins was not achieved although type-isomers of porphyrins with 6, 5, and 4 carboxyl groups were well separated.
To date, mobile phases containing Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) buffer provide excellent resolution and column efficiency as well as being fully compatible with LC–MS operation. This buffer has been studied for the separation of porphyrins in detail and the following conclusions have been drawn:
The molar concentration of Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) buffer in the mobile phase significantly affected the retention and resolution. The optimum buffer concentration is 1 M. Below 0.5 M, excessive retention and peak broadening results, particularly in isocratic elution. At above 1.5 M, rapid elution with the consequent loss of resolution was observed.
The retention and resolution of the porphyrins are greatly influenced by the pH of the Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) buffer. Increasing the pH decreased the retention with loss of resolution. The optimum pH range is between 5.1 and 5.2, although this is column dependent. This pH range is, however, suitable for most reversed-phase columns.
In earlier studies it was shown that the isocratic elution of uroporphyrin I and III from reversed-phase columns was organic modifier specific and, with methanol as the organic modifier and 1 M Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) (pH 5.16) as the aqueous buffer, excessive retention and peak broadening was observed. The methanol adsorbed on the hydrocarbonaceous stationary phase surface is able to form extensive hydrogen bonds with the eight carboxyl groups of uroporphyrin, thus resulting in long retention and peak broadening. This effect is less significant in the separation of porphyrins with fewer carboxyl groups. Nevertheless it is best to avoid using methanol as the sole organic modifier in porphyrin separations, especially when uroporphyrin is one of the components to be separated.
Replacing methanol with acetonitrile results in excellent resolution of uroporphyrin isomers within convenient retention times. Acetonitrile, however, is immiscible with 1 M Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) when its proportion is above 35% in the mobile phase. While acetonitrile–1 M Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) buffer mobile phase systems are excellent for the separation of porphyrins that can be eluted at up to 30% acetonitrile content (8-, 7-, 6-, 5- and 4-carboxyl porphyrins), they are not suitable for the separation of porphyrins that required a higher proportion of acetonitrile for elution, such as the dicarboxyl mesoporphyrin and protoporphyrin. In order to achieve simultaneous separation of all the porphyrins, therefore, a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol as the organic modifier is required. 1 M Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) buffer is completely miscible with methanol. A mixture consisting of 9–10% (v/v) acetonitrile in methanol as the organic modifier thus overcomes the hydrogen bonding effect caused by methanol and the solubility problem of 1 M Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) in acetonitrile. In practice, gradient elution is carried out by inclusion of 10% (v/v) acetonitrile in each of the gradient solvents, i.e. 1 M Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) (pH 5.16) and methanol.
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) solution, 5M is an important reagent for studying molecular biology, biological buffers, reagents and DNA and RNA purification. It is a popular buffer for mobile phases for HPLC with ESLD detection, for ESI mass spectrometry of proteins and other molecules, and has been used to replace cell buffers with non-volitile salts. Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is also used in protein studies and protein preparation. It can be used in the protein purification steps of dialysis to remove contaminants through diffusion and, when combined with distilled water, as a protein precipitating agent. In organic chemistry, Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) solution is useful as a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation and as a source of ammonia in the Borch reaction. Additionally, it is occasionally used commercially as a biodegradable de-icing agent and as an additive in food as an acidity regulator.
How long does 10M Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) take to dissolve in water?
I need to make 10M Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) for DNA extraction. I calculated the amount required for 70 ml solution and started dissolving it using a magnetic stirrer. It has been four hours, but the solute hasn’t dissolved yet. Is this normal? How long does it usually take to make 10M Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) solution?
The Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) I used to make solution was not powder per se, it was more like crystals. I cannot add more water to the solution. Is heating an option?
I am trying to make acetonitrile solution containing 10mM Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), but I’ve noticed that Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) would immediately crash out once 10ml of 1M stock was added into 1L acetonitril. This solution will be used as a mobile phase in LC-MS-MS for gradient elution, so ideally acetonitrile concentration should be kept at no less than 98%. Does anyone have experience making up this solution?
I want to prepare 7.5 M Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) solution. The recipe stated that I need to dissolved 57.81 g Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) in water to final volume of 100 ml, then sterilize by filtration (0.2 micro meter filter). The final pH will be 5.5. I don’t understand and don’t know how to sterilize by filtration? I hope someone can explain and show how to prepare this solution. Thank you
Our 5M Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) solution is prepared in molecular biology grade/ultrapure water, filter sterilized with 0.22 µm filter and DNase/RNase/Protease Free. Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) solution is an important reagent used in molecular biology research- DNA and RNA purification, biological buffers, chemical analysis, in pharmaceuticals, and in preserving foods. It is commonly used for routine precipitation of nucleic acids, and is useful for reducing the co-precipitation of unwanted dNTPs and contaminating oligosaccharides in the sample. Note: 1) Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) should not be used when phosphorylating the nucleic acid using T4 polynucleotide kinase, because this enzyme is inhibited by Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) ions. 2) Do not autoclave Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Acetate Buffer. If precipitates form, warm solution to 37°C to re-suspend. Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is also used in protein studies and protein preparation. It can be used in the protein purification steps of dialysis to remove contaminants through diffusion and, when combined with distilled water, as a protein precipitating agent. It is a popular buffer for mobile phases for HPLC with ESLD detection, for ESI mass spectrometry of proteins and other molecules, and has been used to replace cell buffers with non-volatile salts. Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) solution is used commercially as a biodegradable de-icing agent and as an additive in food. Additionally, it is useful in organic chemistry as a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation and as a source of ammonia in the Borch reaction. The chemical details of Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) are below: CAS Number: 631-61-8; Synonyms: Azanium Acetate; Acetic acid Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) salt; Acetic acid, Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) salt; Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) ethanoate Molecular Formula: C2H7NO2 Molecular Weight: 77.083 g/mol InChI Key: USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Description
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat)
Application Notes
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Ultra pure is for applications which require tight control of elemental content. Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is a widely used reagent in molecular biology and chromatography. Its applications include the purification and precipitation of DNA and protein crystallization. Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is commonly used in HPLC and MS analysis of various compounds, such as oligosaccharides, proteins, and peptides. Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is also used for the nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (NACE-MS) of lipophilic peptides and therapeutic drugs.
Usage Statement
Unless specified otherwise, MP Biomedical’s products are for research or further manufacturing use only, not for direct human use. For more information, please contact our customer service department.
Applications
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is widely utilized as a catalyst in the Knoevenagel condensation. It is the primary source of ammonia in the Borch reaction in organic synthesis. It is used with distilled water to make a protein precipitating reagent. It acts as a buffer for electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry of proteins and other molecules and as mobile phases for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sometimes, it is used as a biodegradable de-icing agent and an acidity regulator in food additives.
Notes
Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat)
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is an inorganic chemical compound. Its IUPAC name is Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) ethanoate. When in aqueous solution, the substance is often called spirit of Mindererus. Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) CAS number is 631-61-8, its chemical formula can be written in two ways: C2H7NO2 and NH4CH3CO2.
The compound itself is a white solid with orthorhombic crystal structure and highly hygroscopic. It dissolves easily in cold water and decomposes in hot. Besides, Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is soluble in alcohol, acetone, sulfur dioxide, and liquid ammonia. Here are some more characteristics of the substance:
density: 1.17 g/cm3;
molar mass: 77.08 g·mol−1;
melting point: 113 °C;
flash point: 136 °C.
The chemical is considered hazardous, as it irritates human tissues.
Production and Uses
There are two methods of Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) production. According to the first one, acetic acid is neutralized with Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) carbonate. The second includes saturation of glacial acetic acid with ammonia.
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) uses are not very diverse. It usually serves as basic catalyst for Henry reactions. The substance is also used to create a buffer solution, since it is the salt of a weak acid. It is an important reagent in different chemical reactions. In food industry, the compound is applied to control the acidity and alkalinity of foods.
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Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Formula
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat)
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Formula- It is a salt that has interesting chemical properties and due to this reason, the pharmaceutical industry uses it as an intermediary and raw material in various processes. NH4OAc (Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat)) is a salt that forms from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid. Also, it is useful for applications that require buffer solutions. The Henry reactions are the most common reactions that use Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat). In an aqueous solution, it is a chemical compound that we know by the name spirit of Mindererus or Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), which is a white, hygroscopic solid we can derive from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid.
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Formula and Structure
Its chemical formula is NH4CH2CO2 or CH2COONH4. The molecular formula of Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is C2H7NO2and its molar mass is 77.08 g/mol-1. Also, it is a slat of acetate ion COO-1(from acetic acid dissociation in water) and Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) ion NH4+(from ammonia dissociation in water).
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is volatile at low pressure because it has been used to replace cell buffers with non-volatile salts that help in the preparation of chemical samples. Its common representation of organic molecule’s chemical structure can be written as below:
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) formula
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Occurrence
In nature, Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is not present in a free compound state. But, Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) and acetate ions are present in many biochemical processes.
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Preparation
Just like other acetates, we can also synthesize Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) in a similar way to other acetates that is through neutralization of acetic acid. Furthermore, this synthesis uses acetic acid that we neutralize by adding Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) carbonate. Besides, in the chemical industries, this method uses glacial acetic acid that is saturated with ammonia:
2CH3COOH + (NH4)2CO3→ 2CH3COONH4+ H2CO3
H2CO3→ CO2+ H2O
CH3COOH + NH3→ CH3COONH4
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Physical Properties
It is a hygroscopic white solid with a slightly acidic odor. Furthermore, its melting point is 113oC. Also, it is highly soluble in water and its density in this liquid is 1.17 g/mL-1.
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Chemical Properties
It is a slat of a weak acid (acetic acid) and a weak base (ammonia). We use this salt with acetic acid to prepare a buffer solution to regulate its pH. Nevertheless, its use as a buffering agent is not very extensive because Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) can be volatile in low pressures.
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Uses
We use it as a raw material in the synthesis of pesticides, herbicides, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Moreover, it is the precursor in the acetamide synthesis (a chemical compound that we use to produce plasticizers):
CH3COONH4→ CH3C(O)NH2+ H2O
In industries, they use it to acidify textiles and hair and some countries use it as a food acidity regulator. With acetic acid, it is a buffering agent. In organic chemistry, Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) found its use as a catalyst, in reactions such as Knoevenagel condensations. We can use it as a fertilizer and in the synthesis of explosives.
It is volatile at low pressure and because of this, industries and scientists have used it to replace cell buffers with non-volatile salts in preparing samples for mass spectrometry. Besides, it is popular as a buffer for mobile phases for HPLC and ELSD detection for this reason. Moreover, other salts that they have used for this include Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) formate.
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Health and Safety Hazards
Majorly, Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) causes irritation in the mouth, eyes, skin, and nose. Furthermore, it is highly dangerous by ingestion and can cause tissue necrosis. It can also destroy the cell membranes, penetrate in organisms, and saponify the skin. When heated it produces toxic fumes that can damage the lungs. In a few seconds, it can decompose sodium hypochlorite.
Solved Examples on Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Formula
Question: Show how Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is a precursor of acetamide?
Solution: The reaction is as below:
NH4CH3CO2 → CH3C(O)NH2 + H2O
11.4.3 Reagents and Materials
Acetonitrile, methanol: HPLC grade; n-Hexane; Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) hydroxide; Formic acid; Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat); Anhydrous sodium sulfate: Calcine at 650°C for 4 h and store in a desiccator; Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) hydroxide-methanol mixed solvent: 25 + 75,v/v; Formic acid solution: 0.1%; Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) buffer solution: 10 mmol/L; Strong cation exchange (SCX) SPE cartridge: 500 mg/3 mL; the extraction cartridge is conditioned using 3 mL methanol, 3 mL water, 3 mL 10 mmol/L ammonia acetate before use. Prevent the columns from running dry.
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat)
Acetonitrile: HPLC grade.
Chlorhydric acid
Tris hydroxymethylaminomethane (tris): C4H11NO3
Calcium chloride: CaCl2·2H2O.
Methanol water solution (2 + 3): Mix 400 mL methanol and 600 mL water.
0.01 mol/L Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) solution: Dissolve 0.77 g Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) into a 1000-mL volumetric flask, bring to volume with water and mix.
Constant volume solution: Mix 0.01 mol/L Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) solution and Acetonitrile in volume proportion of 17:3.
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat): Analytically Pure
Methanol: HPLC Grade
Toluene: HPLC Grade
Acetone: HPLC Grade
Sodium Acetate: Anhydrous, Analytically Pure
Membrane Filters (Nylon): 13 mm × 0.2 μm, 13 mm × 0.45 μm
Sodium Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfate: Anhydrous, Analytically Pure. Ignited at 650°C for 4 h and Kept in a Desiccator
0.1% Formic Acid (V/V)
5 mmol/L Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Solution
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), sulphate or phosphate which liberates respective acid beyond 80°C to develop required pH. Dye anions possess higher affinity for fibre even at neutral pH requiring a minimum of acid. These are commonly known as ‘super milling dyes’ due to their high fastness to milling. Dyeing is started at 60°C with Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat)
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is a widely used reagent in molecular biology and chromatography. Suitable applications include the purification and precipitation of DNA and protein crystallization. Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is commonly used in HPLC and MS analysis of various compounds, such as oligosaccharides, proteins, and peptides.
Based on the experimental results obtained with the analogue Fumaric Acid (4h-LD 50 for New Zealand rabbits > 20000 mg/kg bw) and the molecular weights, the read-across approach is applied and the LD 50 for substance Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is calculated to be greater than 26556.42 mg/kg bw under test conditions.
The analogue Fumaric Acid, which shares the same functional group with Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), also has comparable values for the relevant molecular properties. These properties are:
– a low log Pow value which is 0.25 for Fumaric Acid and – 2.79 for Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat),
– water solubility which is 0.0063 g/mL at 25 ºC for Fumaric Acid and 1480 g/L at 4 ºC for Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), and
– molecular weights which are 116.07 for Fumaric Acid and 77.08 for Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat).
Any other information on results incl. tables
The analogue Fumaric Acid which shares the same functional group with Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), also has comparable values for the relevant molecular properties. These properties are:
– a low log Pow value which is 0.25 for Fumaric Acid and -2.79 for Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat),
– similar molecular weights which are 116.07 for Fumaric Acid and 77.08 for Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat).
Both chemicals are grouped together by US EPA category group Carboxylic Food Acids and Salts Category.
As indicated in the European Chemical Agency Practical Guide 6 “How to report read –across and categories”, the structural grouping was realized using “OECD QSAR APPLICATION TOOL BOX” version 1.1.0.Presented results show that both substances have common (eco)toxicological behavior (attachment).
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat)
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY
Aerobic Biodegradation
Experimental results:
Readily biodegradable
Experimental results on Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), read-across from experimental data on Sodium Acetate and read-across from estimated data on Ammonia and Acetic Acid, based on functional group:
Experimental data and read-across from Potassium Acetate, based on molecular weights:
Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates
Experimental data:
Read-across from experimental data on analogues Sodium Acetate, Potassium Acetate and Ammonia, based on molecular weights:
Read-across from experimental data on analogues Acetic Acid, Potassium Acetate and Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Sulphate, based on molecular weights:
Acute Toxicity: Oral
Experimental data:
Weight of evidence:
Read-across from experimental data on Potassium Acetate and Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Sulphate, based on molecular weights:
Weight of evidence:
Read-across from experimental data on Fumaric Acid and Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Sulphate, based on molecular weights:
Weight of evidence:
Read-across approach from experimental data on analogues Potassium Acetate and Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Lactate, and Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Stearate based on functional group:
The substance Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is considered as not irritating for skin.
Eye Irritation/Corrosion
Experimental data:
Fumaric Acid has been tested by application of a drop of 10% solution to the eyes of rabbits after mechanical removal of corneal epithelium to facilitate penetration, but it appeared to do no damage, & healing was similar to that in control eyes without test chemical.
Weight of evidence:
Read-across approach from experimental data on analogues Potassium Acetate, Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Sulphate, and Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Stearate, based on functional group:
The substance Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is considered as not irritating for eyes.
Weight of evidence:
Read-across approach from experimental results on Citric Acid, Glycolic Acid, Sodium Glycolate, Lactic Acid, Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Lactate, and Triacetin, based on functional group:
All this substances were not sensitising for human and guinea pigs. Based on these results, Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is considered to be not sensitizing.
Repeated Dose Toxicity
Repeated dose toxicity: oral:
Experimental data:
Repeated dose toxicity: oral: 2-year study in male and female rats which were treated by diet. The LOAEL = 750 mg/kg bw/day (based on slight increases in mortality and increased incidence of testes degeneration at the highest dose tested). The NOAEL = 600 mg/kg bw/day.
Repeated dose toxicity: oral:
Weight of evidence:
Experimental results:
Repeated dose toxicity: oral: 90 days withfemale Wistar rats. The NOAEL was 3150.4 mg/kg bw/day .
Repeated dose toxicity: oral: 15 days study with female Wistar rats. The NOAEL 3102.2 mg/kg bw/day .
Read-across from the analogue Sodium Acetate, based on molecular weights:
In a bacterial reverse mutation assay usingS. typhimurium(TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA97 and TA1537) in the absence of metabolic activation and concentrations up to 1000μg/plate, fumaric acid was not mutagenic.
Weight of evidence:
Read-across from Sodium Acetate (category analogue) based on functional group:
Reverse mutation assay using S. typhimurium strains TA92, TA1535, TA100, TA1537, TA94 and TA98 with metabolic activation. Resultslead to the conclusion that Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) did not cause point mutations in the microbial systems.
Read-across from Acetic Acid, based on functional group:
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is considered to be not mutagenic on S.typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 97, and/or TA 1537, with and without metabolic activation.
Read-across from experimental data on Ammonia, anhydrous, based on functional group:
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is considered to be not mutagenic on Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 1538, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, with and without metabolic activation.
Read-across from experimental data on Ammonia, aqueous solution, based on functional group:
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is considered not mutagenic on E. coli Sd-4-73, without metabolic activation.
Weight of evidence:
Read-across from the analogue Acetic anhydride, based on functional group:
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is considered to be not mutagenic on mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells, with and without metabolic activation.
Read-across from the analogue Phenoxy acetic acid, based on functional group:
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is considered to be not mutagenic on Chinese hamster ovary cells, with and without metabolic activation.
Estimated data from Danish (Q)SAR Database:
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) was not mutagenic in mammalian cell gene mutation assays on mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells nor on Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Chromosomal aberration
Fumaric acid was assayed in anin vitroassay using Chinese hamster fibroblast cells in the absence of metabolic activation at doses up to 1 mg/mL; however, insufficient information was provided in the robust summary to adequately evaluate this study.
Weight of evidence:
Read-across from Sodium Acetate (category analogue) based on functional group:
In an in vitro chromosomal aberration assay with a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line, CHL, without metabolic activation systems, it is concluded that Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) did not induce chromosomal aberrations(including gaps).
Read-across from Acetic Acid, based on functional group:
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is considered as not clastogenic on Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, without metabolic activation.
Read-across from Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Sulfate, based on functional group:
Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is not considered mutagenic on Chinese Hamster Ovary cells, in the absence of a metabolic activation system.
Key studies:
Read-across from Sodium Acetate (category analogue) based on functional group:
The Testicular DNA-synthesis inhibition test (DSI test) on male mice provides evidence that Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is not genotoxic in animals (basis of the method: measuring 3H-thymidine incorporation). Test substance did not inhibit DNA replication in this assay.
TOXICITY TO REPRODUCTION:
Weight of evidence:
Read-across from the analogue Citric Acid, based on molecular weights:
A study on rats and mice daily treated by feed before, during, and after mating. For Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), the NOAEL is calculated to be equal or greater than 3009.37 mg/kg bw/day (basis for effect: number of pregnancies, number of young born, or survival of young).
A fertility test on female rats daily treated by feed for several months. For Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), the NOAEL is calculated to be 722.25 mg/kg bw/day, and LOAEL greater than 722.25 mg/kg bw/day for reproductive effects.
Read-across from the analogue Citric Acid, sodium salt, based on molecular weights:
A fertility study on female rats daily treated by feed for several months. For Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), the NOAEL is calculated to be 54.0 mg/kg bw/day, and LOAEL greater than 54.0 mg/kg bw/day for reproductive effects.
Read-across from the analogue Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) sulfate, based on molecular weights:
A study on male and female rats exposed for 13 weeks to diets with Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) Sulfate. For Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), the NOAEL is calculated to be 1033.64 mg/kg bw/day for males, and 2304.12 mg/kg bw/day for females.
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY / TERATOGENICITY:
Weight of evidence:
Experimental results:
A study on female rats fed an Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) -containing diet starting on day 1 of pregnancy until weaning (at posnatal day on 21). After weaning, pups were either fed a normal diet, with no Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) added, or continued on Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) until sacrifice. The NOAEL for developmental toxicity was 4293 mg/kg bw/day .
Read-across from the analogue Sodium Acetate, based on molecular weights:
Pregnant CD-1 mice were treated by oral gavage with Sodium Acetate on days 8-12 of gestation. For Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), theNOAEL is calculated to be939.66 mg/kg bw/day (based on maternal toxicity: mortality, pregnancy and resorption; and on neonatal effects: mortality and body weight).
Read-across from the analogue Citric Acid, based on molecular weights:
A study on rats and mice daily treated by feed before, during, and after mating. For Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), the NOAEL is calculated to be equal or greater than 3009.37 mg/kg bw/day (basis for effect: number of pregnancies, number of young born, or survival of young).
Read-across from the analogue substance Calcium Formate, based on molecular weights:
A three-generation drinking water study was performed. For Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat), the NOAEL is calculated to be equal or higher than 236.96 mg/kg bw/day.
Read-across from Acetic Acid, based on molecular weights:
A one-generation study was performed on female mice, rats and rabbits with Acetic Acid. The read-across approach was applied and the NOAEL with the substance Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) acetate is calculated to be equal or greater than 2055.47 mg/kg bw/day for maternal and developmental toxicity in mice, rats, and rabbits.
Applicant’s summary and conclusion
Interpretation of results:
not classified
Remarks:
Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Conclusions:
The (4h) LD 50 for substance Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is calculated to be greater than 26556.42 mg/kg bw for rabbits.
Executive summary:
Based on the experimental results (reported under the endpoint record 07.02.03_02 Fumaric Acid) obtained with the analogue Fumaric Acid (4h-LD 50 for New Zealand rabbits > 20000 mg/kg bw) and the molecular weights, the read-across approach is applied and the LD 50 for substance Ammonium acetate(Amonyum asetat) is calculated to be higher than 26556.42 mg/kg bw under test conditions.
AMONYUM ASETAT
Amonyum asetat olarak da bilinen, Mindererus ruhu içinde sulu çözelti, Formül NH olan bir kimyasal bileiktir 4 CH 3 CO 2 . Bu, beyaz bir, bir higroskopik kat madde ve reaksiyonundan elde edilebilir amonyak ve asetik asit . Bu ticari olarak temin edilebilir.
içindekiler
1 Kullanmlar
1.1 Tampon
1.2 Dier
1.3 Gda katk maddesi
2 Üretim
3 Referanslar
4 D balantlar
Kullanmlar
Ana öncüsüdür asetamid :
NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 → CH 3 , C (O) NH olduu 2 + H 2 O
Ayrca idrar söktürücü olarak kullanlr.
Tampon
Zayf bir asit tuzu ve bir zayf baz olarak, amonyum asetat , genellikle kullanlr , asetik asit , bir oluturmak için tampon çözeltisi . Amonyum asetat , uçucu , düük basnçlarda tanmas önerilmitir. Bu nedenle, kütle spektrometresi için örneklerin hazrlanmasna uçucu olmayan tuzlar ile hücre tamponlar yerine kullanlmtr. Ayn zamanda, mobil faz için bir tampon olarak popüler HPLC ile ELSD Bu nedenle alglama. Bunun için kullanlm olan dier uçucu tuzlar, amonyum format .
Dier
biyolojik olarak parçalanabilir bir buz çözme maddesi.
bir katalizör Knoevenagel kondansasyonu ve içinde bir amonyak kayna olarak Borch reaksiyonu olarak organik sentez .
içinde çöktürücülerin bir protein diyaliz difüzyon yoluyla kontamine edici maddeleri uzaklatrmak için.
tarm kimyasnda bir ayraç toprak CEC (belirlenmesi için bir ayraç kullanlr Katyon Deiim Kapasitesi ) ve toprakta bulunan potasyum belirlenmesi, amonyum iyonu, potasyum yerini katyonu olarak hareket eder.
Gda katk maddesi
Amonyum asetat, bir ekilde kullanlan gda katk maddesi , bir asit düzenleyici olarak; INS says 264’e O Avustralya ve Yeni Zelanda’da kullanm için onaylanmtr.
Amonyum asetat ile asetik asidin nötrletirilmesi ile üretilen amonyum karbonat ya da buzlu doyurarak asetik asit ile amonyan . Kristalin amonyum asetat elde higroskopik yaps nedeniyle güçtür.Amonyum asetat
Amonyum asetat ne demek? US🔊 GB🔊
Amonyum asetat
Amonyum asetat Amonyakl tuzlarda maden rolü oynayan bir birleim kökü (NH4).
(en) Amonyum asetat, univalent chemical ion (Chemistry).
Amonyum asetat bicarbonate
Amonyum bikarbonat
Amonyum asetat carbonate
Amonyum karbonat
acetate
Asetik asit tuzu
Bir nevi sentetik kuma, rayon
Bkz. asetat
ETKETLER: Amonyum asetat nedir, amonyum asetat nerede kullanlr, amonyum asetat kullanm, amonyum asetat msds, teknik özellikleri, amonyum asetat emülgatörü, emülgatör, amonyum asetat kimyasal formülü,molekül arl, amonyum asetat kaynama noktas,donma noktas,erime noktas, amonyum asetat fiziksel özellikleri,kimyasal özellikleri,herbisit nedir,herbisitlerin zararlar,herbisid ile mücadele,herbisit ilaçlar,herbisid ilaçlar nelerdir, insektisit, insektisitler, insektisid etken maddeleri,fungusit nedir,fungusitler,fungusit ile mücadele,insektisitlerle mücadele yöntemleri,akarisitler,akarisit nedir,herbisit çeitleri,herbisit hammaddeleri,kimyasallar,herbisit hammadde, amonyum asetat nasl çözünür, amonyum asetat içeren hammaddeler, amonyum asetat ne kadar kullanlr,nerelerde kullanlr, amonyum asetat spesifikasyonu,fosforlu gübre yapm,azotlu gübreler, damlama gübreleri,sv yaprak gübreler,NPK gübre,np gübre,iz elementli gübre üretimi,gübre hesaplama,gübre hesaplamalar,gübre bileimi,kimyasal gübreler, organik gübre yapm,sv organik gübreler,potasyumlu gübre,sv potasyum gübresi yapm,potasyumlu gübre içerii,içerik,insektisit ile mücadele yöntemi,herbisit çeitleri,sv kombi gübre yapm,kalsiyum gübresi,sv magnezyum gübre imalat,gübre formülleri,bitki besleme,bitki koruma gübreler,bitki geliim düzenleyici gübreler.
AMONYUM ASETAT, CH3COONH4 ve molekül arl 77,08 GR / MOL olan Amonyum Asetat; asetik asitin amonyum tuzudur yani asetik asitle amonyaktan elde edilir. Amonyum asetat hafif asetit asit kokar ve nem çekici renksiz kristaller halindedir. Amonyak kaybetme eilimindedir. Suda çözünürlüü yüksektir, alkolde ise düük oranda çözünür.
Besinlerin korunmasnda, kuma boyaclnda ve analitik kimyada kullanlr
AMONYUM ASETAT, çok azda olsa tarmda kullanm vardr. Bünyesinde bulunan amonyum azotundan faydalanarak sv veya toz azot gübre türevleri yaplabilir. Ama maliyet açsndan uygun deildir.
TEKNK AMONYUM ASETAT
Amonyum Asetat Özellikleri
Formülü CH3COONH4 ve molekül arl 77,08 gram olan Amonyum Asetat; asetik asitin amonyum tuzudur yani asetik asitle amonyaktan elde edilir.
Amonyum asetat hafif asetit asit kokar ve nem çekici renksiz kristaller halindedir. Amonyak kaybetme eilimindedir. Suda çözünürlüü yüksektir, alkolde ise düük oranda çözünür.
Besinlerin korunmasnda, kuma boyaclnda ve analitik kimyada kullanlr
Asetat Nedir? Özellikleri Nelerdir?
ANA SAYFA Asetat Nedir? Özellikleri Nelerdir?
HAKKIMIZDA
Asetat Nedir? Özellikleri Nelerdir?
Oksijen, karbon ve hidrojen ihtiva eden baz kimyasal bileiklere Asetat denir. Asetat terimi selüloz asetattan elde edilen tekstil iplikleri anlamnda da kullanlr. Genel olarak, metal asetatlarn erime noktalar yüksektir. Ve bunlarn sulu çözeltileri de elektrii iletir. Ester asetatlarn sudaki çözeltileri ise elektrii iletmez. Bunun sebebi bu bileikler iyonik bileikler deildir. Orta büyüklükteki baz asetatlar hayvan dokularnda ya asitlerine dönüebilmektedir. Hatta hayvan dokularnda kolesterole de dönüebilmektedir. Asetatlarn üretiminde asetik Asit (CH3COOH) temel madde olarak kullanlr. Asidin sodyum oksitle reaksiyonundan Sodyum asetat oluur. Kalsiyum oksitle reaksiyonundan ise kalsiyum asetat oluur. Magnezyum karbonat reaksiyonundan ise magnezyum asetat oluur. Kurun oksitle reaksiyonundan da kurun asetat elde edilir. Çinko ve mangann sülfürlerinin asetik asitle reaksiyonundan da bu metallerin asetatlar elde edilebilir. Asetik asit çözeltisinin çinko, demir gibi baz metallerle direkt yaplan muamelesinden de bu metal asetatlar elde edilebilir. Ester olarak adlandrlan baz asetat türleri asetik asidin bir alkolle reaksiyonundan elde edilir. Mesela etilarefat esteri asetik asidin etil alkolle muamelesinden elde edilir. Esterlerin kendilerine has ho kokular vardr.Halbuki dier asetatlarn böyle bir ho kokusu yoktur. Asetatlarn geni bir kullanma alanlar vardr. Örnein bakr asetat Paris yeili imalatnda kullanlr. Dier metal asetatlar da baz bask ilemlerinde, alüminyum ve demir asetatlar ise boyamada mordant olarak kullanlrlar. Yanmaz özellikli selüloz asetat, tekstil ve fotoraf filmi üretiminde kullanlr ( Selüloz ). Triasetattan, tekstil ipliklerinde ekillerini koruyan ve büzülmeye kar mukavim olan ürünler elde edilir. Polivinil asetat, yaptrclarda kullanlan plastik bir malzemedir. Etil asetat ve amil asetat gibi uçucu esterler boya ve laklar için çözücü olarak kullanlrlar. Nitroselüloz ve film tekil edici dier bileikler için iyi bir çözücü olan butil asetat lak ve vernik endüstrilerinde kullanlr. Amil asetat tat verici olarak da kullanlr
)Çözelti Pb2+, Bi3+, Cu2+ ve Cd2+ iyonlarn ve HNO3’ün arsn içerir. Çözelti bir
porselen kapsüle alnr. çine 2 mL deriik H2SO4 eklenip çeker ocakta beyaz
SO3 dumanlar çkncaya kadar buharlatrlr. Bu, nitrik asitin tamam
buharlatrldktan sonra olacandan zaman alabilir. Nitrik asitin tamam
buharlatrlmazsa PbSO4 bu asitte çözünebilir ve bizmutun tannmasn
güçletirebilir. Çözelti soutulur ve santrifüj tüpündeki 2 mL su içine boaltlr.
Kapsül az su ile ykanr ve ykama çözeltisi de santrifüj tüpündeki numuneye
eklenir. Santrifüjlenir. Süzüntü bir damlalkla alnr. Süzüntü (5)’de Bi3+, Cu2+,
Cd2+, çökelek (4)’de ise kurun aranr.
(4)Çökelek PbSO4 olmaldr. Ancak bazik bizmut sülfat, (BiO)2SO4 da çökmü
olabilir ve yanlgya neden olur. Çökelek az miktarda su ile ykanr. Üzerine 1
mL 2M amonyum asetat (CH3COONH4) çözeltisi eklenir. Su banyosunda 4-5
dakika çalkalanarak stlr. Çözeltiye 1 mL 2M CH3COOH çözeltisinden
eklenir ve birkaç damla 0.5M K2CrO4 çözeltisinden damlatlr. Sar renkli
çökelek kurunu tanmlar. stenirse kurunla ilgili baka denemeler de
yaplabilir.
(5)Çözelti Cu2+, Bi3+, Cd2+ iyonlarnn ve sülfürük asidin arsn içerir. Çözelti
deriik NH3 ile nötrletirilir. Daha sonra birkaç damla fazlas eklenerek bakr
ve kadmiyumun hidroksitlerinin çözünmesi salanr, bizmut hidroksit beyaz
renkte kalr. Karm santrifüjlenir. Süzüntü (7) damlalkla alnr. Burada bakr
ve kadmiyum, çökelekte (6) ise bizmut aranr.
(6)Beyaz çökelek Bi(OH)3’tir. Taze hazrlanm stannit çözeltisinden birkaç
damla eklenir. Siyah renk bizmutun varln belirtir.
Stannit çözeltisini hazrlamak için kalay(II) klorür çözeltisine NaOH çözeltisi
eklenir. Önce çökelek oluur. Bu çökelek çözününceye kadar NaOH
eklemeye devam edilir.
(7)Çözelti bakr ve kadmiyumun tetrammin komplekslerini içerir. Eer ortamda
bakr varsa çözelti mavi renktedir. Ancak az miktarda bakr varsa K4Fe(CN)6
ile yaplacak test daha iyi sonuç verir. Bu deneyi yapabilmek için
çözeltiden az miktarda alnr, 2M H2SO4 ile zayf asidik yaplr. çine 1-2
damla 1M K4Fe(CN)6 çözeltisinden eklenir. Krmz kahve renk bakrn
oluturduu Cu2Fe(CN)6’dr. Ferrosiyanürün arsn eklemekten kaçnmak
gerekir. Aksi halde beyaz renkte Cd2Fe(CN)2 de çökebilir.
Amonyum Asetat Tampon Çözeltisi : 250 gr NH4C2H3O2 150 ml damtk suda çözülür. 700 ml deriik buzlu asetik asit yava yava ilave edilerek 1 litreye tamamlanr. yi kaliteli amonyum asetat çözeltisi önemli miktarda Fe içerirse, her tampon çözelti hazrlanmasnda yeni referans standart Fe çözelti serisi hazrlanmaldr. Amonyum asetat yerine sodyum asetat çözeltiside kullanlabilir.
ALÜMNYUM ASETAT ÇÖZELTSNDEN OLUAN KULAK DAMLALARI- BURROW ÇÖZELTS (BP 1973)
Ecz. Ahmet Nezihi PEKCAN 05.09.2017
Amonyum asetat çözeltisinden oluan kulak damlalar- Burrow Çözeltisi (BP 1973)
Deerli Meslektalarm; bu hafta KBB uzmanlarnca reçete edilen Burow çözeltisi içeren kulak damlasn beraberce inceleyeceiz.
Amonyum asetat- ammonium acetate- Aluminio, acetato de- Aluminiumtriacetat [IUPAC]:
Amonyum asetat çözeltileri astrenjandr. Amonyum asetat içeren kulak damlalar patojenik bakterilere zararl olan asidik bir ortam yaratarak kulaktaki ödem ve enflamasyonu azaltr. Bu tür damlalar higroskopik özellik de gösterirler. Amonyum asetat çözeltileri dermatolojide ciltteki tahrii azaltmak üzere hazrlanan astrenjan losyonlarn bileimine de katlrlar. Amonyum asetat içeren preparatlar Burow kremleri, emülsiyonlar, losyonlar veya solüsyonlar olarak bilinirler. Amonyum asetatsubasetat (bazik Amonyum asetat) da topikal olarak kullanlan bir astrenjandr. Amonyum asetattuzlar iddetli renal yetmezlik durumunda Amonyum asetattoksisitesi riski nedeniyle kullanlmamaldr. Amonyum asetatoral yoldan absorbe olur ve vücutta birikebilir. Amonyum asetattuzu içeren preparatlar, renal hastalk veya yetmezlii olan hastalarda toksisite iaret ve belirtileri ve serum düzeyleri yakndan izlenmedikçe kullanlmamaldr. Ayrca, birçok efervesan preparatn bileiminde yer alan sitratlarn Amonyum asetattuzlarndan Amonyum asetatabsorbsiyonunu arttraca göz önünde bulundurulmaldr.
Amonyum asetat losyonu:
Formül önceden kaynatlm soutulmu distile su ile taze hazrlanmaldr. Seyreltilmemi losyonun cilde uygulanmamas önerilir. Çökelti varsa losyon kullanlmamaldr. Haricen antiseptik ve astrenjan olarak kullanlr. 7 gün saklanabilir.
Formülde yer alan Aluminyum acetat çözeltisini hatrlayacak olur isek;
ammonium Acetate Solution= Burow’s Solution= Aluminium Acetate Ear- drops:
Aluminium sulphate 225 g
Acetik acid 250 ml
Tartaric acid 45 g
Calcium carbonate 100 g
Water for preparations 750 ml
Hazrlan:
Amonyum asetatsülfat yaklak suyun 600 ml’sinde stlmakszn oda ssnda (200 C) eritilir. Üzerine asetik asit ilave edilir ve daha sonra suyun kalan ksm ile kartrlm olan kalsiyum karbonat çözeltisi yava yava eklenerek 24 saatten daha az bir süre serin bir yerde bekletilerek kartrlr. Karm filtre edilir ve tartarik asid ilave edilir.Tartarik asit stabiliteyi artrrken ayn zamanda nötrletirir.Tampon etkisi yapar. pH = 4.0 dan az olmamaldr. Bu formül deiik yöntemlerle de yaplr. Bu yaynlam olduumuz yöntem, ngiliz ilaç kodekslerinde tarif edilmitir (1973).