AZODICARBONAMIDE AC-5 (AZODKARBONAMT AC-5)
azodcarbonamde ac-5 (azodikarbonamit ac-5)
Cas Number:123-77-3
EC Number:204-650-8
SYNONMYS:Carbamoyliminourea; Azodicarboxamide; Azobisformamide; C,C`-Azodi(formamide); Diazenedicarboxamide; 1,1-azobisformamide; azodicarbonamide; Azodicarbonamide Azodicarboxamide; Diazenedicarboxamide; Azobisformamide; Azodiformamide; Azodicarbamide; Azodicarboamide; Azobiscarbonamide; Azobiscarboxamide; Celogen AZ;1,1`-Azodiformamide; Porofor ChKhZ 21; Genitron AC; Yunihomu AZ; Genitron EPC; 1,1`-Azobiscarbamide; Celosen AZ; Unifoam AZ; Uniform AZ; Lucel ADA; Porofor ADC/R; Genitron AC 2; Genitron AC 4; Ficel EP-A; Pinhole ACR 3; AK 2; Porofor DhKhZ 21; ABFA; ; Kempore 125; Nitropore;Porofor 505; Azodicarboxylic acid diamide;Porofor ChKhZ 21R; AZ 130;Celogen AZ 199; Kempore R 125; ChKhz 21; ChKhZ 21r; C,C`-Azodi(formamide); 123-77-3; Poramid K 1; AZH 25; 1,1`-Azobisformamide;Kempore 60/40; delta(1,1`)-Biurea;NCI-C55981; Formamide, 1,1`-azobis- Porofor-lk 1074 (bayer); CCRIS 842; UNII-56Z28B9C8O; 1,1-Azobisformamide; (E)-carbamoyliminourea; HSDB 1097; 1,1`-AZOBIS(FORMAMIDE); EINECS 204-650-8; NSC 41038; UN3242; 1,1`-Azobis[formamide]<; Diazene-1,2-dicarboxamide; NSC 674447; AI3-52516; 56Z28B9C8O; NSC-674447; 1,2-Diazenedicarboxamide; (E)-diazene-1,2-dicarboxamide; Azoplastone; Vinyfor; Azocel; Evipor; C2H4N4O2; NSC674447; Azoform A; Paramid K1; Azobis CA 51C; AC1NUWQQ; Azobis CA 110B; 1,1;-Azobisformamide;Formamide,1`-azobis-;Azodicarboxamide, 97%; LN: ZVNUNVZY; .delta.1,1`-Biurea; (E)-(carbamoylimino)urea; AZM 2S; EC 204-650-8; .delta.(1,1`)-Biurea; Azodicarboxamide, 99%, FCC; CHEMBL28517; E927a; (1E)-1-aminocarbonyliminourea MolPort-003-926-001; 97707-96-5; EBD38081; NSC41038; LS-683; NSC-41038; AKOS006223494; RP19213; NCGC00091844-01; NCGC00091844-02; NCGC00091844-03; CC-24232; SC-80021; A0567; AM20080172; ST24030304; Azodicarbonamide [UN3242] [Flammable solid]; Azodicarboxamide, analytical reference material; Azodicarbonamide [UN3242] [Flammable solid]; A805148;
I05-0584; J-519624; 1006730-14-8; 131715-26-9; 183256-78-2; 218433-14-8; 221272-72-6; 380228-24-0; 52737-71-0; 62494-61-5;62494-62-6;62494-85-3; 65098-86-4;65098-87-5; 72514-45-5; 73247-42-4; 73905-77-8; 81774-20-1; 882523-85-5; 89073-35-8; Azobisformamide; 1,1`- azobis(formamide); 1,1`- azobiscarbamide; azobiscarbonamide; azobiscarboxamide; C,C`- azodi(formamide); azodicarbonamide; azodicarboxylic acid diamide; delta(1,1`)-biurea celosen AZ; (E)- diazene-1,2-dicarboxamide; diazenedicarboxamide; genitron AC; kempore; nitropore; azodi ; azodi karbonamit; azodi karbonit ; azodikarbonit; azod karbonamt; azodkarbonatmt ;
Properties
Chemical formula
C2H4N4O2
Molar mass 116.08 gmol-1
Appearance Yellow to orange/red crystalline powder
Melting point 225 C (437 F; 498 K) (decomposes)
Azodicarbonamide, or azo(bis)formamide, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H4O2N4.It is a yellow to orange-red, odorless, crystalline powder.
Synthesis
It is prepared in two steps via treatment of urea with hydrazine to form hydroazodicarbonamide, as described in this idealized equation:
2 OC(NH2)2 + N2H4 H2NC(O)-N(H)-N(H)-C(O)NH2 + 2 NH3
Oxidation of the resulting hydrazine derivative with chlorine or chromic acid yields the azodicarbonamide:
H2NC(O)-N(H)-N(H)-C(O)NH2 + Cl2 H2NC(O)-N=N-C(O)NH2 + 2 HCl
Applications
Blowing agent
The principal use of azodicarbonamide is in the production of foamed plastics as a blowing agent. The thermal decomposition of azodicarbonamide results in the
evolution of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and ammonia gases, which are trapped in the polymer as bubbles to form a foamed article
Azodicarbonamide is used in plastics, synthetic leather, and other industries and can be pure or modified. Modification affects the reaction temperatures.
Pure azodicarbonamide generally reacts around 200 C. In the plastic, leather, and other industries, modified azodicarbonamide (average decomposition temperature
170 C) contains additives that accelerate the reaction or react at lower temperatures.
An example of the use of azodicarbonamide as a blowing agent is found in the manufacture of vinyl (PVC) and EVA-PE foams, where it forms bubbles upon breaking down
into gas at high temperature. Vinyl foam is springy and does not slip on smooth surfaces. It is useful for carpet underlay and floor mats. Commercial yoga mats
made of vinyl foam have been available since the 1980s; the first mats were cut from carpet underlay.
Food additive
As a food additive, azodicarbonamide is used as a flour bleaching agent and a dough conditioner.It reacts with moist flour as an oxidizing agent.The main
reaction product is biurea, a derivative of urea, which is stable during baking.Secondary reaction products include semicarbazide and ethyl carbamate.
It is known by the E number E927. Many restaurants in the US fast food industry removed the additive in response to negative publicity.
Safety and regulation
In a 1999 report, the World Health Organization has linked exposure to azodicarbonamide at workplaces where it is manufactured or handled in raw form to
“respiratory issues, allergies and asthma”. The available data are restricted to these occupational environments. Exposure of the general public to azodicarbonamide
could not be evaluated because of the lack of available data. The WHO concluded, “The level of risk is uncertain; hence, exposure levels should be reduced as much
as possible”.
In some jurisdictions, the use of azodicarbonamide as a flour bleaching agent has been phased out. For example, it is no longer authorized for use in
Australia and the European Union as a food additive.[8][9] Azodicarbonamide as a blowing agent in plastics has been banned in the European Union since
August 2005 for the manufacture of plastic articles that are intended to come into direct contact with food. In the UK, the Health and Safety Executive has
identified azodicarbonamide as a respiratory sensitizer (a possible cause of asthma) in workplace settings and determined that containers of it should be labeled
with “May cause sensitisation by inhalation.”In the United States, azodicarbonamide has a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status and is allowed to be added
to flour at levels up to 45 ppm. However, use in products intended for human consumption is in decline under pressure of the public opinion.[citation needed] In
2014, amid public discomfort with the dual uses of azodicarbonamide, the sandwich franchise Subway and hamburger franchise Wendy`s announced that they would no
longer use it as a dough conditioner.[Currently, the Center for Science in the Public Interest stated azodicarbonamide “has been poorly tested” and advocates for
reducing the amount of azodicarbonamide that is allowed to be used in food.
Azodicarbonamide is a synthetic chemical that exists at ambient temperatures as a yellow orange crystalline soild. It is poorly soluble in water.
HUMAN EXPOSURE: Studies in humans have concentrated soley on the ability of this chemical to induce asthma and skin sensitization. Evidence that azodicarbonamide can
induce asthma in humans has found from bronchial challenge studies with symptomatic individuals and from health evaluations of employees at workplaces where this
chemical is manufactured or used. On the basis that this chemical is a human asthmagen and the concentrations required to induce asthma in a non-sensitive individual
or to provoke a response in a sensitive individual is unknown, it is concluded that there is a risk to human health under present occupational exposure conditions.
Exposure of the general public to this chemical could notbe evaluated because of the lack of data.
ANIMAL STUDIES: Toxicokinetic data on azodicarbonamide are limited, but the chemical appears to be well absorbed by the inhalation and oral routes of in rodents.
Substantial quantities of the substance remain unabsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and are passed out in the feces. The compound is readily converted to
biurea (hydrazocarbonamide), the only breakdown product identified, and it is likely that systemic exposure is principally to this derivative rather than to the
parent compound. Elimination of this compound and hydrazocarbonamide is rapid, occurring predominantly via the urine, and there is very little systemic retention
of hydrazocarbonamide. Azodicarbonamide is of low acute toxicity and does not cause skin, eye or respiratory tract irritation in experimental animals. Results from
a poorly conducted skin sensitization study were negative, and there was no evidence of an asthmatic type response in guinea pigs in one study. Repeated oral exposures
resulted in the appearance of pyelonephritis with casts and crystalline deposits in renal tubuli in several species. The dose levels required to induce these effects
were high. This compound was found to be a mutagen in bacterial systems, there was no evidence this effect would be expressed in vivo. The carcinogenicity and
reproductive toxicity of azodicarboxamide have not been examined in detail, but no tumorigenic or antifertility effects were observed in early studies in which
animals were treated wit the breakdown product hydrazocarbonamide. Developmental toxicity has not been studied. No observed effect concentrations (NOECs) for fish
and the water flea have been reported.
Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary
1,1`-Azo-bis(formamide)`s production and use as a blowing agent for plastics and rubbers may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.
If released to air, a vapor pressure of 1.9X10-10 mm Hg at 20 deg C indicates 1,1`-azobis(formamide) will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient
atmosphere. Particulate-phase 1,1`-azo-bis(formamide) will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, 1,1`-azo-bis(formamide)
is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process
based upon an estimated Henry`s Law constant of 8.2X10-13 atm-cu m/mole. If released into water, 1,1`-azobis(formamide) is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids
and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound`s estimated
Henry`s Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important
environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 1,1`-azo-bis(formamide)
may occur by dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,1`-azo-bis(formamide) is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to 1,1`-azo-bis
(formamide) via dermal contact with plastic products containing 1,1`-azo-bis(formamide) and by ingestion as a result of its use as a polymer-additive in food packaging
.(SRC)
Azodicarbonamide: What is it and Why is it in My Food?
Azodicarbonamide has become known as the “yoga mat” chemical. But, what is it really? It is a chemical compound added to flour as a bleaching and improving agent.
It is also used as a foaming agent in the production some plastic products (such as yoga mats).
The fast food chain, Subway, made headlines recently when it stopped using the additive in bread. This move came after a successful online campaign and petition.
Description
Azodicarbonamide is a crystalline powder. It is yellow to orange red in colour. It is odourless. The full chemical formula is C2H4O2N4.
Common Uses
Azodicarbonamide is used to bleach and “improve” flour. It is banned in Europe but allowed in Canada and the U.S. Freshly milled flour has a yellowish colour.
When stored for several months, the flour oxidizes. It becomes whiter and the baking qualities improve. Unfortunately, this process is slow and the results are
inconsistent. Aging flour can be costly and time consuming for industrial producers. Azodicarbonamide is used to speed up the oxidation process. This allows
companies to produce a more consistent product and get the flour to market sooner. Other bleaching agents include:
Acetone Peroxide,
Calcium Peroxide,
Nitrogen Dioxide, and
Chlorine Dioxide
other uses
It is used as a foaming agent in the production some plastic products. It`s use in yoga mats has received a lot of publicity.
It is also used in the rubber that forms seals on glass jars. In this case, there has been concern that it could break down and contaminate the food stored in
the jars. The World Health Organization has called for data related to the possible health issues. They are particularly concerned about baby food. This is
because babies eat most of their food from jars.
Health Issues / Side Effects
There really aren`t any known health issues caused by azodicarbonamide itself. The real concerns are with byproducts semicarbazide and urethane. Azodicarbonamide
breaks down during the baking process. Both of these chemicals are are potentially cancer causing, but data is limited.
Still, Health Canada has released a statement insisting that it is safe to eat.
In Canada, azodicarbonamide is an approved food additive. It is permitted in bread, flour and whole wheat flour as a bleaching or dough conditioning agent at a
maximum level of use of 45 parts per million (ppm) of flour. The permitted conditions of use of the food additive azodicarbonamide are set out in Health Canada`s
Lists of Permitted Food Additives.
As with all food additives approved for use in Canada, azodicarbonamide underwent a thorough safety assessment prior to approval. Health Canada`s assessment
determined that the body of scientific evidence supports the safety in use of azodicarbonamide, at the levels allowed under the Food and Drug Regulations. Further,
the very low levels of semicarbazide that may be formed from the break-down of azodicarbonamide during baking would not be considered to pose a health risk.
Currently, Health Canada is not considering any changes to the approved food additive uses of azodicarbonamide.
What is Azodicarbonamide?
Azodicarbonamide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H4O2N4. It is a yellow to orange red, odorless, crystalline powder. As a food additive, it is
known by the E number E927.
Azodicarbonamide is used as a food additive, a flour bleaching agent and improving agent. It reacts with moist flour as an oxidizing agent. Wikipedia tells us that
the main reaction product is biurea, a derivative of urea, which is stable during baking. Secondary reaction products include semicarbazide and ethyl carbamate.
The principal use of azodicarbonamide is in the production of foamed plastics as an additive. The thermal decomposition of azodicarbonamide results in the evolution
of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and ammonia gases, which are trapped in the polymer as bubbles to form a foamed article. Azodicarbonamide as used in
plastics, synthetic leather and other uses can be pure or modified. This is important because modification affects the reaction temperatures. Pure azodicarbonamide
generally reacts around 200 degrees C. In the plastic, leather and other industries, modified azodicarbonamide (average decomposition temperature 170 degrees C)
contains additives that accelerate the reaction or react at lower temperatures. Azodicarbonamide as a blowing agent in plastics has been banned in Europe
since August 2005 for the manufacture of plastic articles that are intended to come into direct contact with food.
1. Azodicarbonamide is an Industrial Chemical
The primary function of azodicarbonamide is centered on the way it breaks down during processing — it creates tiny bubbles that make things “foamy.”
Somewhere in the testing procedures, scientists discovered it whitened flour and acted as an oxidizing agent. Bakers, or rather “food scientists” soon concluded
that it should be a standard inclusion in bread.
2. Azodicarbonamide Increases the Irritability of Gluten
Gluten has been linked to a host of gastro-intestinal, immunologic and neurologic diseases. If you take it a step further, gluten is irritating to gluten intolerant
bodies because it contains two proteins, glutenin and gliadin, which those body`s struggle to process. When bread dough is treated with azodicarbonamide, it can
break down the gluten and make glutenin and gliadin more immediately available.
3. Azodicarbonamide Can Cause Respiratory Problems
Research has established a direct link between exposure to azodicarbonamide and the onset of asthma. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) follow-up report,
regular occupational exposure to azodicarbonamide can lead to asthma and allergies. The WHO report notes many of those who developed asthma and other respiratory
complications experienced symptoms within just three months of exposure.
4. Azodicarbonamide is a Skin Irritant
The WHO report also noted physical exposure to azodicarbonamide caused recurring dermatitis. Fortunately for those suffering, eliminating exposure caused the
indications of the dermatitis to go away. While this is good news, these results show how quickly industrial chemicals can initiate an autoimmune response.
Unfortunately, skin irritation seems to be the least of concerns…
5. Azodicarbonamide Disrupts the Immune System
In 2001, lab tests found that direct exposure to azodicarbonamide inhibited human immune cell formation and function. Although “direct exposure” may be less of a
common problem, the bigger problem happens when azodicarbonamide is heated up, as when it`s a bread ingredient…
6. Azodicarbonamide Creates Toxic By-Products When Heated
While azodicarbonamide is used to condition bread dough, when it`s baked, the heat causes it to break down. Two by-products can result: semicarbazide and ethyl
carbamate. Semicarbazide belongs to a family of chemicals known as hydrazines that are especially carcinogenic. A 2003 study using animal models found that it
caused free radical damage to DNA. Other studies have found that semicarbazide damages human immune cells and the DNA of animals.
The other half of the gruesome twosome is no better. The National Institute of Health`s Hazardous Substances Data Bank states that ethyl carbamate is a carcinogen to
animals; in fact this is backed by over 200 studies. Research from 17 years ago confirmed that adding azodicarbonamide to bread increased ethyl carbamate levels.
The awful truth is that industry has known for nearly two decades that this is toxic trash and fed it to us anyway.
7. Harmful to Hormone Function
Exposure to semicarbazide can present another health risk. Animal studies have found it has a toxic impact on hormone function and the hormone-regulating organs,
including the thyroid, thymus, spleen, testes, ovaries, and uterus. As is the case with all endocrine disrupting compounds, this stuff is poison!
8. Europe and Australia Have Banned It
While US Officials continue to claim the amount of azodicarbonamide found in most baked products poses no serious health threat, European and Australian officials
have banned its use in bread. Baby food jars were another source of exposure and officials were left without answers concerning the “safe levels” for infants.
Consequently, European officials disallowed its use in sealing glass jars.
What is Azodicarbonamide (ADA)?
Azodicarbonamide is a chemical substance used as a whitening agent in cereal flour and as a dough conditioner in bread baking, approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration.1 It is a compound with the molecular formula C2H4O2N4. ADA is yellow to orange red, odorless, crystalline powder.
Origin
Azodicarbonamide is introduced as a flour maturing agent by Wallace and Tiernan, Inc. and it was approved to use in 1962.
Function
Bleaching agent: it makes the bread whiter by reacting with cartonene in the flour.
Dough conditioner: ADA matures flour through oxidation. When mixed into doughs, it oxidized the sulfhydryl (SH) groups and exerts an improving effect, which is
illustrated in Figure 2.3 The main reaction products is biurea, a derivative of urea, which is stable during baking.
ADA-treated flours produce dried and more cohesive doughs than chlorine dioxide-treated flours. These dried doughs can tolerate higher absorption, show better
gas-retention properties and are superior in machining properties. The bread made from ADA-treated flour is characterized by increased loaf volume and improved
grain texture and outside appearance. Azodicarbonamide does not accelerate the onset of rancidity in flour. Natural or enrichment vitamins are unaffected by
azodicarbonamide.
Commercial Production
Azodicarbonamide is manufactured by reacting dihydrazine sulfate and urea under higher pressure and high temperature. The resulting product is combined with sodium
chlorate and oxidized, then centrifuged. Azodicarbonamide is extracted from the resulting slurry, washed, and drained. Pure azodicarbonamide powder is obtained and
then micronized to fine powder particles.
Application
Azodicarbonamide doesn`t react in dry flour, but does react in the process of making dough. When mixed into dough, it oxidizes the sulfhydryl (SH) groups and exerts
an improving effect.3 The oxidation is rapid and almost complete during the mixing of dough for 2.5 min. Neither further mixing or prolonged resting could give a
significant and additional decrease in the -SH content. ADA is used where a faster maturing agent is required. Treatment levels ranging from 2 to 45 p.p.m. of
azodicarbonamide are required to accomplish maturing, the amount depending on the grade of flour. 5 If trying to create a more organic product, it is best to find
a natural substitute for ADA.
Azodicarbonamide, the diamide of azodicarboxylic acid, is an orange-red crystalline solid. It is made industrially by the condensation reaction between hydrazine
sulfate and urea under high temperature and pressure, followed by oxidation with NaOCl.
Azodicarbonamide has several commercial uses: It is a blowing agent for foaming rubbers and plastics, a bleaching (oxidizing) agent in cereal flours, and a dough
conditioner for baking bread.
In the United States, azodicarbonamide has GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status for food use. The World Health Organization also says it`s safe. But European
countries and Australia have banned its use in food products, and some European countries have outlawed it for making plastics that come into contact with food. Some
studies suggest that consuming it or its byproducts may lead to respiratory problems.
You may have heard about azodicarbonamide (pronounced “az-oh-dye-car-BON-uh-mide”) and its use in fresh-baked bread products. Here`s what you really need to know
about azodicarbonamide in bread.
Azodicarbonamide is an approved ingredient that is used in flour and bread dough, which results in increased loaf volume, finer grain, softer texture, and superior
dough-handling properties. Many bread products that we enjoy at many convenient restaurants contain azodicarbonamide or some other form of an agent to ensure
consistency, flavor, and texture.
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-the U.S. regulatory body that oversees the safety of ingredients in our food supply-azodicarbonamide can be
safely used at levels up to 45 parts per million (ppm) as the following:
An aging and bleaching ingredient
A dough conditioner
The FDA states: “Azodicarbonamide is approved in the United States as a food additive for certain uses in cereal flour and bread-making. As part of FDA`s overall
commitment to ensure the safety of the food supply, the agency uses an extensive, science-based process to evaluate the safety of food additives. Under FDA
regulations, safety for food additives means that there is a reasonable certainty of no harm when an additive is used within the intended conditions of use. The
agency monitors the safety of food additives, including azodicarbonamide, and is prepared to take appropriate action if safety concerns arise.”
There is no scientific evidence to suggest azodicarbonamide, as it is currently used, is a public health or safety concern.
Advantages
Superior dispersibility in plastic, rubber, etc.
Decomposition temperatures suitable for plastic and rubber processing
Ability to control decomposition temperature and speed
Large gas volume (220-245ml/g)
Low amount of contamination from degradation
Low degradation over time; excellent storage stability
Applications
Energy absorption, elastic functionality (cushioning)
Sound absorption, automotive interiors
Mechanical functionality (elasticity, flexibility)
Light-weight applications
Decorative (wallpaper, leather)
Thermal (heat insulation)
Azodicarbonamide is a chemical generally used as a blowing agent in the production of foamed plastics. It can also be used as a food additive to strengthen and
enhance the elasticity of the dough. The World Health Organization considers that the main concern of azodicarbonamide relates to the risk of developing occupational
asthma in the work environment. Nevertheless, such health effect has not been observed from the consumption of bread with azodicarbonamide. The Codex Alimentarius
Commission and a number of countries (e.g. the US, Canada, Mainland China and Korea) have set standards for the use of azodicarbonamide in flours.
Traders are advised to use food additives in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practice to achieve the desired technological effect and label their food products
properly.
Azodicarbonamide is a yellow orangish powder, more commonly used commercially in the creation of foamed plastics – like yoga mats, shoe soles, floor mats and window
gaskets.
The FDA allows food companies to use azodicarbonamide as a flour bleaching agent and dough conditioner in any food product giving it a status of GRAS or “Generally
Regarded As Safe”.
But, the FDA doesn`t even keep track of the companies who use azodicarbonamide as an ingredient. The lack of information leads the FDA to not update or include an
toxicity information about this ingredient in its EAFUS or “Everything Added to Food in the United States” database.
When a truck carrying azodicarbonamide overturned on a Chicago highway in 2001, it prompted city officials to issue the highest hazardous materials alert and
evacuate people within a half mile radius! Many of the people on the scene complained of burning eyes and skin irritation as a result.
The U.K. has recognized azodicarbonamide as a potential cause of asthma if inhaled, and advises against its use in people who have sensitivity to food dye allergies
and other common allergies in food, because it can exacerbate the symptoms.
The World Health Organization (WHO) studied azodicarbonamide, and also linked it to asthma and other allergic reactions.
When azodicarbonamide partially degrades with the heat of processing, it forms trace amounts of semicarbazide, which shows carcinogenicity that can result in tumors
over time.
Azodicarbonamide is a commonly used, legal food ingredient in bread, flour and whole wheat flour. It has been thoroughly tested for lifetime consumption and approved
by Health Canada at maximum levels of 45 parts per million of flour.
When heated, flour treated with azodicarbonamide can form semicarbazide. Testing by Health Canada shows that neither substance at the allowed levels pose a health risk
Bread products sold in Canada – by retail stores, foodservice suppliers and restaurants – must adhere to these limits. CRFA and the restaurant industry rely on
technical guidance and expertise on azodicarbonamide from the Bureau of Chemical Safety at Health Canada.
Recent media attention has put azodicarbonamide in the spotlight. Based on its own assessment, Health Canada has no plans to change the use of this approved food
additive.
In the old days, bread would go stale within a day or two of baking, and start to grow mold in 3 to 4. But today, you can buy a bread that will stay soft and fresh
for two weeks and even more. Try baking bread at home and see how long it lasts…
Part of the miracle of stay soft forever bread is an additive called azodicarbonamide, which plays 2 important roles in mass manufacturing of bread:
bleaching agent – it makes the bread whiter by reacting with cartonene in the flour.
improves flour strength – this improves the dough`s ability to retain gas and makes the bread more elastic.
Azodicarbonamide is an orange, odorless, powder. It has non-food applications such as a foaming agent in plastics, in photography and electronics.
Is it safe?
Depends who you ask.
Europe and Australia ban the use of azodicarbonamide because it is a “respiratory sensitizer” that can cause asthmatic and other allergic reaction. In Singapore,
the use of azodicarbonamide in food products can lead to a lengthy jail sentence.
And in In the US? Azodicarbonamide is considered GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) by the FDA. Despite being “safe” it can be added to flour only in tiny amounts –
45 parts per million!
Stability:Highly flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases, heavy metal salts.
What to do at the supermarket:
Although reading the ingredient list for bread seems more daunting than reading the Bible in Latin, you should seek short ingredient lists that begin with 100% whole
wheat, that don`t contain azodicarbonamide and these four other ingredients.
Description
is a synthetic chemical that exists at ambient temperature as a yellow-orange crystalline solid. Azodicarbonamide is mainly used as a blowing agent in the rubber and plastics industries in the expansion of a wide range of polymers, including polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, and natural/synthetic rubbers. Azodicarbonamide is also used as a food additive, such as an aging and bleaching ingredient in cereal flour and as a dough conditioner in bread baking.
Uses
Azodicarboxamide is used as an additive to wheat flour breads and dough to improve the physical properties of the dough and the baking performance. It is also used to optimize the levels of oxidant/re ducing agents in the baking of wheat flour.
Uses
As blowing and foaming agent for plastics; as maturing and bleaching agent in cereal flour.
General Description
A yellow to orange powder. Insoluble in water and common solvents. Soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide. Nontoxic.
Air & Water Reactions Highly flammable. Water insoluble. Dust may form an explosive mixture in air.
Reactivity Profile
Azodicarbonamide is easily ignited and burns rapidly. Confined samples show a high rate of pressure rise during thermal decomposition,
which produces carbon monoxide and nitrogen. Sensitive to temperatures exceeding 122F. May be sensitive to exposure to light. Stable in bulk when stored for
two weeks at temperatures up to 140F. Slightly unstable in water suspension (showed1.3% decomposition at 2 mg/mL over a two-week period at room temperature
in the light but no decomposition at 41F over a two-week period in the dark . Reacts with hot water to give nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and ammonia [Hawley].
Decomposes in hot hydrochloric acid. Incompatible with strong acids and bases, and with compounds of metals.
Health Hazard
Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce irritating, toxic and/or
corrosive gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
Self-decomposition or self-ignition may be triggered by heat, chemical reaction, friction or impact. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May burn violently. Decomposition may be self-accelerating and produce large amounts of gases.
Vapors or dust may form explosive mixtures with air.
Azodicarbonamide (ADC) is an odorless yellow, orange color chemical widely used as a blowing agent, foaming agent and also as a food additive in baking.
Azodicarbonamide (ADC) is also called as yoga – mat` chemical due to its primary use in rubber and a plastic product like a flip flop or yoga mat. It provides
softness and elasticity, considering this property it is used in the food industry for several years. Azodicarbonamide (ADC) is abundantly practiced by commercial
bakers as a whitening agent and conditioner for bread dough. This crystalline solid is poorly soluble in water, but when water temperature is raised it become
marginally soluble, it devours thermally unstable property and hence while baking, it break down to form other chemicals, one of which is Semicarbazide (SEM).
Azodicarbonamide (ADC) came into news when FDA took a comprehensive assessment of Semicarbazide (SEM) to check whether its consumption can increase chances of tumor
occurrence in human. International Agency for Research on Cancer claims that excessive use of Semicarbazide (SEM) has raised carcinogen to mice. After assessment,
FDA is recommending the use of Azodicarbonamide (ADC) as a food additive but at the level specified in FDA regulation and made a must for bread manufacturer to
give a status as GRAS “Generally Recognized as Safe” as well as to mention Azodicarbonamide (ADC) in the ingredient list on bread packaging.
Global Azodicarbonamide (ADC)Market: Drivers & Restraints
Azodicarbonamide (ADC) has a large field of commercial applications, the growth of global Azodicarbonamide (ADC) market is driven by the demand for high-value
products of plastic and rubber component on a day to day usage. Azodicarbonamide (ADC) used as an additive in the manufacturing vinyl (PVC) foam; it plays a vital
role in forming air bubbles while breaking down into gas. This leads to strengthening, soften and bringing elasticity to the product it is mixed with. It is
abundantly used in the creation of foamed plastics such as toys, gymnasium products, window gaskets, sports shoes, shoe soles, floor mats and much more. After being
removed from the subway, azodicarbonamide has achieved a lot of attention for being highly rejected for using in food products as it is used as baking soda to
lighten and soften plastic and rubber products. The effect is so impenetrable that it has already restrained azodicarbonamide market in many regions including
Europe and Australia who ban the use of it. It is summarized that exposure and consumption to azodicarbonamide are associated with the health risk of respiratory
problem, skin irritation, harm to hormonal function and disrupts to the immune system.
Global Azodicarbonamide (ADC)Market: Segmentation
Majorly there are two different type of Azodicarbonamite
Industrial quality
Food grade quality
The global azodicarbonamide market is segmented on the basis of azodicarbonamide sub formation, application and region.
On the basis of azodicarbonamide sub formation, the global azodicarbonamide market is segmented into:
Semicarbazide (SEM)
Ethylcarbamate (Urethane)
On the basis of azodicarbonamide application type, the global azodicarbonamide market is segmented into:
Blowing Agent
Plastic Additive
Food Additive
Flour bleaching agent and improving agent
On the basis of azodicarbonamide region type, the global azodicarbonamide market is segmented into:
North America
Eastern & Western Europe
Asia Specific excluding Japan
Azodicarbonamide (ADC)Market: Regional Outlook
Based on the geographies, global azodicarbonamide (ADC) market is segmented into seven regions — North America`s azodicarbonamide market, Latin America`s
azodicarbonamide market, Eastern Europe`s azodicarbonamide market, Western Europe azodicarbonamide market, APEJ azodicarbonamide market, azodicarbonamide market
and the Middle East & Africa`s azodicarbonamide market. Among the regions mentioned above, azodicarbonamide market is mainly ruled by Asia Specific excluding Japan
and is expected to be the fastest growing market in North America and Western and Eastern Europe as they have already extended to their saturation point and now
expect to grow at lower growth rate.
Azodicarbonamide (ADC)Market: Key Players
Some of the market players identified in the global azodicarbonamide market include Arkema, Abtonsmart Chemicals (Group) Co., Ltd., Honeywell International,
Kum Yang Co., Ltd., Otsuka Chemical, Weifang Yaxing Chemical Co.,Ltd., Ajanta Chemical Industries, JingJiang Hangsun Plastic Additives Co.,Ltd, , Abtonsmart
Chemicals(Group)Co.,Ltd., Jiangxi Selon Industrial Stock etc.
The research report presents a comprehensive assessment of the market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data, and statistically supported and
industry-validated market data. It also contains projections done using a suitable set of assumptions and methodologies. The research report provides analysis and
information according to categories such as market segments, geographies, type, machine size and end use.
The report covers exhaustive analysis on:
Market Segments
Market Dynamics
Market Size
Supply & Demand
Current Trends/Issues/Challenges
Competition & Companies involved
Technology
Value Chain
Regional analysis includes:
North America
Latin America
Europe
Asia Pacific
Middle East and Africa
The report is a compilation of first-hand information, qualitative and quantitative assessment by industry analysts, inputs from industry experts and industry
participants across the value chain. The report provides an in-depth analysis of parent market trends, macro-economic indicators, and governing factors, along with
market attractiveness as per segments. The report also maps the qualitative impact of various factors on market segments and geographies.
Report Highlights:
Detailed overview of parent market
Changing market dynamics in the industry
In-depth market segmentation
Historical, current and projected market size in terms of volume and value
Recent industry trends and developments
Competitive landscape
Strategies of key players and products offered
Potential and niche segments, and regional markets exhibiting promising growth
A neutral perspective on market performance
Must-have information for market players to sustain and enhance their market footprint
PHYSICAL STATE;
APPEARANCE:
ORANGE RED CRYSTALS OR YELLOW POWDER.
PHYSICAL DANGERS:
CHEMICAL DANGERS:
The substance decomposes on heating or on burning producing toxic fumes ( nitrogen oxides ).
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS:
TLV not established.
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE:
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol.
INHALATION RISK:
Evaporation at 20C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly.
EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE:
The substance is irritating to the eyes and the respiratory tract . Inhalation of dust may cause asthmatic reactions (see Notes).
EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM OR REPEATED EXPOSURE:
Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation
exposure may cause asthma.
SPILLAGE DISPOSAL
STORAGE
PACKAGING & LABELLING
Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place.
Personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles.
The Internet rejoiced recently when Subway announced it was removing azodicarbonamide, the so-called “yoga mat” chemical, from the bread it uses to make its sandwiches.
The decision, which came after a petition started by a food blogger that was eventually signed by tens of thousands, is being heralded by many online commenters as a
victory against food companies that are continually trying to push artificial ingredients and chemicals down consumers` throats.
The chemicalization of food
Azodicarbonamide is used mainly as an agent in the making of rubber and plastic foam. It`s used as a food additive to bleach bread and help dough rise.
Earlier this month, the woman behind the website Food Babe launched a petition urging Subway to remove the “dangerous plastic chemical” azodicarbonamide from its
bread.
The site was also behind the push that eventually spurred Kraft to remove yellow dyes from some Mac & Cheese products sold in Canada and the United States because of
fears they may be linked to hyperactivity and other problems.
The site claims azodicarbonamide leads to asthma and might be carcinogenic. According to the site, the chemical, which is used to make yoga mats and shoe rubber,
is banned throughout the world because it causes respiratory problems and allergies.
At first glance, this sounds alarming, which explains why 50,000 people signed their names to the petition within 24 hours and took to social media to voice their
outrage. Subway responded by announcing it would stop using azodicarbonamide in the U.S. and Canada (it doesn`t use the chemical elsewhere).
But scientific studies suggest there is no real cause for alarm when azodicarbonamide is used as a food additive. The major risks are when azodicarbonamide is used
in an industrial setting.
The World Health Organization says azodicarbonamide poses a risk to the workers in plants where the chemical is handled. If inhaled, azodicarbonamide can cause
respiratory problems. Countries that have taken action to ban or restrict the use of azodicarbonamide have done so because of the inhalation risks posed to workers
handling it.
Only trace amounts of azodicarbonamide are allowed to be added to food.
There is no conclusive evidence showing that consuming food that has azodicarbonamide as an ingredient poses an immediate danger.
That doesn`t mean the risk is zero. But consumers should also be cautious before labelling certain ingredients as “dangerous” simply because they are used in
multiple settings and have a name that`s difficult to pronounce, said Dr. Joe Schwarcz, director of McGill University`s Office for Science and Society.
“I don`t think there`s any issue with azodicarbonamide whatsoever, but these days, it`s sort of in vogue to attack anything that industry uses,” he said. “In all
my years of dealing with the public … I would say the biggest misconception I`d have to cite is the idea that if something is natural it`s better and safer than
something that`s synthetic.”
Arsenic, he cites as an example, is found in nature and can be deadly to humans.
Schwarcz refers to the increasing demonization of various chemical ingredients as “policy by petition” and says it ignores some of the most significant problems with
products sold by major food manufacturers, such as excessive amounts of sugar, salt and fat.
“The amount of sugar that we consume in North America is just astounding,” Schwarcz said. “There`s enough evidence to suggest it`s a major contributor to the caloric
excess and therefore to obesity and that`s what we should be paying attention to, not the trivia like azodicarbonamide.”
The bottom line
The trend of consumers paying more attention to the food they`re eating and what goes in it is undoubtedly a good thing. And the food industry could always do a
better job at being more accountable and transparent when it comes to ingredient and manufacturing processes.
But the campaign against azodicarbonamide, a chemical that poses risks to workers when used in factories, not when added in minute amounts to food, shows our
priorities might be misaligned. After all, the ingredients in most industrial food products that pose the biggest risks are ones we all know how to pronounce:
sodium, fat and sugar
And why is azodicarbonamide called the yoga mat chemical`?
Good question. Azodicarbonamide (ADA) is a dough conditioner that is used by bread processors to create products that are ultra soft and chewy. It is also used as a
bleaching agent in flour. However, the creepy superpower of this ingredient is its dual-action ability to be used in the realm of plastic production, where it creates
the springiness in yoga mats and shoe soles. I repeat-yoga mats and shoe soles!
ADA has been banned in Australia, the European Union, and the United Kingdom. Yet despite growing public health concerns, it is still accepted by the US Food and
Drug Administration and Health Canada.
WHAT IS IT USED FOR?
ADA is primarily found in plastic and rubber products, such as yoga mats and flip flops, and is used to the make these products stretchier. Now consider that soft,
squishy feeling of your own yoga mat and how it translates to create that soft, squishy texture of commercial bread. Eugh.
As far as bread products go, ADA will only be found lurking in refined white flours (as if you needed another reason to eat whole grains). However, the ubiquity of
refined white flour products is something to consider when looking at cereals, starchy snacks like crackers or certain chips, processed baked goods, and pastas,
ADA is also often used as a liner underneath jar lids for various condiments and baby food-thank goodness you don`t have to worry about this at SPUD!
WHY YOU WANT TO AVOID IT
Did you know that Canada is one of only five countries listed in the International Food Additive Database that permits the use of ADA in flour? Everybody else has
pulled it.
The controversy around ADA stemmed after triggering asthma in workers at a manufacturing plant who were exposed to significant levels of ADA. However, it is the
breakdown products of ADA that is additionally concerning. When flour containing ADA is baked, it creates a carcinogen known as urethane. An FDA study found that
when the highest allowable amounts of ADA were used, urethane spiked to concerning levels. When lower amounts were used, urethane levels were much lower. And for us,
the be-all, end-all is that we don`t have a system in Canada which forces producers to label their ADA levels.
And the crucial note here is that ADA is an unnecessary additive. Why debate how cancerous or not cancerous something is when we can simply avoid it altogether?
Sure, there are several things to be wary of within your diet, but we just do not need to be consuming additives that increase cancer risk.
PRODUCT LABELLING
You know that study I mentioned earlier that found ADA in nearly 500 products sold in U.S. grocery stores? Well, that study was possible because the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration requires manufacturers to label all additives used in bakery products.
This is not the case in Canada.
According to Health Canada spokesman Gary Holub, “If ADA has been added to flour and this flour is used as an ingredient in bread, or any other bakery product.
ADA would not have to be labelled on the final prepackaged food. A consumer would therefore need to inquire with individual bakeries to determine if their product
uses flour that contains ADA.”
zellikleri
Kimyasal forml
C2H4N4O2
Molar ktle 116.08 g mol – 1
Grnm Sar turuncu / krmz kristal toz
Erime noktas 225 C (437 F; 498 K) (bozunur)
Azodikarbonamid veya azo (bis) formamid, C2H4O2N4 molekler forml ile kimyasal bir bileiktir.Turuncu-krmz, kokusuz, kristalin bir tozdur.
Sentez
Bu idealize edilmi denklemde tarif edildii gibi hidroazodikarbonamid oluturmak iin re ile hidrazin ile iki aamada hazrlanr:
2 OC (NH2) 2 + N2H4 H2NC (O) -N (H) -N (H) -C (O) NH2 + 2 NH3
Elde edilen hidrazin trevinin klor veya kromik asit ile oksidasyonu azodikarbonamidi verir:
H2NC (O) -N (H) -N (H) -C (O) NH2 + Cl2 H2NC (O) -N = N-C (O) NH2 + 2 HCI
Uygulamalar
fleme maddesi
Azodikarbonamidin balca kullanm, bir fleme maddesi olarak kpkl plastiklerin retiminde bulunmaktadr. Azodikarbonamidin termal ayrmas,
kpkl bir eyann oluturulmas iin polimerin iinde kabarcklar halinde tutulan azot, karbon monoksit, karbon dioksit ve amonyak gazlarnn olumasyla sonulanr.
Azodikarbonamid plastik, sentetik deri ve dier endstrilerde kullanlr ve saf veya modifiye edilebilir. Modifikasyon reaksiyon scaklklarn etkiler. Saf
azodikarbonamid genellikle 200 C civarnda reaksiyona girer. Plastik, deri ve dier endstrilerde, modifiye azodikarbonamid (ortalama bozunma scakl 170 C),
reaksiyonu hzlandran veya daha dk scaklklarda reaksiyona giren katk maddeleri ierir.
Bir fleme ajan olarak azodikarbonamidin kullanmnn bir rnei, yksek scaklkta gazn paralanmas zerine kabarcklar oluturduu vinil (PVC) ve EVA-PE kpklerin
imalatnda bulunur. Vinil kpk yayldr ve przsz yzeylerde kaymaz. Hal altl ve paspaslar iin faydaldr. Vinil kpnden yaplm ticari yoga paspaslar
1980`lerden beri mevcuttur; lk paspaslar hal altndan kesildi.
Gda katk maddesi
Bir gda katk maddesi olarak, azodikarbonamit, bir un aartma maddesi ve bir hamur dzenleyici olarak kullanlr. Bir oksitleyici ajan olarak nemli un
ile reaksiyona girer. Ana reaksiyon rn, piirme srasnda stabil olan re trevi olan biureadr. kincil reaksiyon rnleri, semikarbazid ve etil karbamattr.E
numaras E927 ile bilinir. ABD fast food endstrisindeki birok restoran, olumsuz tantma cevaben katky kaldrd.
Gvenlik ve dzenleme
1999 tarihli bir raporda, Dnya Salk rgt, “solunum sorunlar, alerjiler ve astm” olarak retildii veya ilendii iyerlerinde azodikarbonamide balanmtr.
Mevcut veriler bu meslek ortamlar ile snrldr. Genel halkn azodikarbonamide maruz kalmas, eldeki veri eksikliinden dolay dnlemez. DS sonucu, “Risk
seviyesi belirsizdir, dolaysyla maruziyet seviyeleri mmkn olduunca azaltlmaldr”.
Baz yarg blgelerinde, bir un aartma maddesi olarak azodikarbonamidin kullanm aamal hale getirilmitir. rnein, artk Avustralya ve Avrupa Birlii`nde
gda katk maddesi olarak kullanlmaya yetkili deildir. [8] [9] Plastk olarak azodikarbonamid, Avrupa Birlii`nde Austos 2005`ten beri plastik eyalarn retimi
iin yasaklanmtr. ngiltere`de, Salk ve Gvenlik daresi iyeri ayarlarnda bir solunum duyarlatrcnn (astm olas bir nedeni) olarak azodikarbonamid
Tanmlanm ve bunun kaplar “Teneffs edilmesi halinde hassasiyete neden olabilir.” le etiketlenmi olmas gerektiini ABD`de belirlemitir, azodikarbonamid gvenli
(GRAS) stats olan ve 45 ppm`ye ayarlanm bir statye sahiptir. 2014 ylnda, azodikarbonamidin ift kullanmndan rahatsz olan halkn ortasnda, sandvi
franchise Subway ve hamburger franchise Wendy`s daha uzun olmayacaklarn aklad azodikarbonamid “zayf bir ekilde test edilmitir” ve gdalarda kullanlmasna
izin verilen azodikarbonamidin miktarn azaltmay savunmaktadr.
Azodikarbonamid, ortam scaklklarnda sar turuncu kristalin bir tortu olan sentetik bir kimyasaldr. Suda az znr.
NSAN MARUZYET: nsanlarda yaplan almalar, bu kimyasaln astm ve cildin hassaslamasn salama becerisine odaklanmtr. Azodikarbonamidin insanlarda astm
tetikleyebileceine dair kantlar, semptomatik bireyler ile yaplan bronial meydan okuma almalarndan ve bu kimyasaln retildii veya kullanld iyerlerinde
alanlarn salk deerlendirmelerinden kaynaklanmtr. Bu kimyasaln bir insan astm olduu ve hassas olmayan bir kiide astm tetiklemek iin gerekli olan
konsantrasyonlarn veya duyarl bir kiide bir cevabn kkrtt temeline dayanlarak bilinmemektedir, mevcut mesleki maruziyet altnda insan sal iin bir risk
olduu sonucuna varlmtr. koullar. Genel halkn bu kimyasal maddeye maruz kalmas, veri eksiklii nedeniyle deerlendirilemedi.
HAYVAN ALIMALARI: Azodikarbonamid zerindeki toksikokinetik veriler snrldr, ancak kimyasal madde kemirgenlerin inhalasyon ve oral yollarndan iyi emilmektedir.
Maddenin nemli miktarlar gastrointestinal sistemden emilmemekte ve dkda gemektedir. Bileik, tanmlanan tek paralayc rn olan biurea (hidrazokarbonamid) `e
kolayca dntrlr ve sistemik maruziyetin esas olarak ana bileikten ziyade bu trevi olmas muhtemeldir. Bu bileiin ve hidrazokarbonamidin giderilmesi, baskn
olarak idrar yoluyla meydana gelir ve hidrazokarbonamidin ok az sistemik tutulmas vardr. Azodikarbonamid, dk akut toksisiteye sahiptir ve deney hayvanlarnda
cilt, gz veya solunum yolu tahriine neden olmaz. Kt bir ekilde yrtlen bir cilt duyarll almasnn sonular negatifti ve bir almada kobaylarda
astmatik tipte bir yant olduuna dair bir kant yoktu. Tekrarlanan oral maruziyet, eitli trlerde renal tbllerde, dkm ve kristal keltiler ile piyelonefritin
ortaya kmasna neden olmutur. Bu etkileri indklemek iin gereken doz seviyeleri yksekti. Bu bileiin bakteri sistemlerinde bir mutajen olduu bulunmutur, bu
etkinin in vivo olarak ifade edileceine dair hibir kant bulunamamtr. Azodikarboksamidin karsinojenisitesi ve reme toksisitesi ayrntl olarak incelenmemitir,
ancak hayvanlarn ykm rn hidrazokarbonamid ile muamele edildii ilk almalarda tmrjenik veya antifertilite etkisi grlmemitir. Geliimsel toksisite
aratrlmamtr. Balk ve su piresi iin gzlemlenen etki konsantrasyonlar (NOEC`ler) bildirilmemitir.
evresel Kader / Maruziyet zeti
1,1`-Azo-bis (formamid) `nin retimi ve plastikler ve kauuklar iin bir fleme maddesi olarak kullanlmas, eitli atk akmlar yoluyla evreye salnmasna neden
olabilir. Havaya brakldnda, 20 C`de 1.9X10-10 mm Hg`lik bir buhar basnc, 1.1`-azobisin (formamid), sadece atmosfer atmosferinde partikl faznda mevcut
olacan gsterir. Partikl faz 1,1`-azo-bis (formamid) atmosferden slak ve kuru keltme ile uzaklatrlacaktr. Topraa braklrsa, 1,1`-azo-bis (formamid)
`in tahmin edilen bir Koc`a gre ok yksek hareketlilie sahip olmas beklenir. Nemli toprak yzeylerinden Volatilizasyonun tahmini bir Henry`ye dayanan nemli bir
kader sreci olmas beklenmez. 8.2X10-13 atm-cu m / mol yasas sabit. Suya salnrsa, 1,1`-azobis (formamid) tahmin edilen Ko`a gre askda kat madde ve tortuya
adsorbe olmas beklenmez. Su yzeylerinden buharlamann bu bileiin tahmini Henry Yasas sabitine dayanan nemli bir kader sreci olmas beklenmemektedir.
3 tahmini BCF, suda yaayan organizmalarda biyokonsantrasyon potansiyelinin dk olduunu gstermektedir. Hidrolizin, evresel koullar altnda hidrolize olan
fonksiyonel gruplardan yoksun olmas nedeniyle, nemli bir evresel kader sreci olmas beklenmemektedir. 1,1`-azo-bis (formamid) `ye mesleki maruziyet, 1,1`-azo-bis
(formamid) retildii veya kullanld iyerlerinde bu bileikle dermal temasla ortaya kabilir. Genel poplasyon 1,1`-azo-bis (formamid) ile 1,1`-azo-bis
(formamid) `e maruz braklarak 1,1`-azo-bis (formamid) ieren plastik rnlerle ve bir polimer katk maddesi olarak kullanmnn bir sonucu olarak yutularak maruz
kalabilir. gda ambalajnda. (SRC)
Azodikarbonamid: Nedir ve neden benim yemeimde?
Azodikarbonamid “yoga mat” kimyasal olarak bilinir. Ama, gerekten ne var? Bir aartc ve iyiletirici madde olarak unu ekleyen kimyasal bir bileiktir.
Ayrca baz plastik rnler (yoga paspaslar gibi) retiminde kpren bir madde olarak kullanlr.
Fast food zinciri, Metro, ekmei ekmek iinde kullanmay brakt zaman son zamanlarda manetlere yneldi. Bu hareket, baarl bir evrimii kampanya ve dileke
sonrasnda geldi.
Aklama
Azodikarbonamid kristalin bir tozdur. Rengi turuncu krmzdr. Bu kokusuzdur. Tam kimyasal forml C2H4O2N4`tr.
Ortak Kullanmlar
Azodikarbonamid, unu beyazlatmak ve gelitirmek iin kullanlr. Avrupa`da yasaklanm ancak Kanada`da izin verilmitir ve ABD`de taze tlm un, sarms bir renge sahiptir. Birka ay saklandnda, un okside olur. Beyazlar ve piirme zellikleri geliir. Ne yazk ki, bu sre yava ve sonular tutarsz. Yalanma unu sanayi reticileri iin maliyetli ve zaman alc olabilir. Azodikarbonamid oksidasyon srecini hzlandrmak iin kullanlr. Bu, irketlerin daha tutarl bir rn retmesini ve unun daha erken pazarlanmasn salar. Dier aartc maddeler unlardr:
Aseton Peroksit,
Kalsiyum Peroksit
Azot Dioksit ve
Klor Dioksit
dier kullanmlar
Baz plastik rnler retiminde kprme maddesi olarak kullanlr. Yoga paspaslarnda kullanm ok tantld.
Cam kavanozlarda conta oluturan kauukta da kullanlr. Bu durumda, kavanozlarda depolanan yiyecein paralanp kontamine olabilecei endiesi vard.
Dnya Salk rgt olas salk sorunlar ile ilgili verileri ard. zellikle bebek mamas konusunda endieli. nk bebekler yiyeceklerinin ounu kavanozlardan
alyorlar.
Salk Sorunlar / Yan Etkiler
Gerekten azodikarbonamidin kendisinin neden olduu bilinen herhangi bir salk sorunu yoktur. Asl kayglar yan rnler semicarbazide ve retan ile ilgilidir.
Azodikarbonamid piirme ilemi srasnda bozulur. Bu kimyasallarn ikisi de potansiyel olarak kansere neden olmakta, ancak veriler snrldr.
Yine de, Salk Kanada, yemenin gvenli olduu konusunda srar eden bir bildiri yaynlad.
Kanada`da azodikarbonamid onaylanm bir gda katk maddesidir. Ekmek, un ve tam buday unu, aartma veya hamur hazrlama maddesi olarak, milyonda 45 para (ppm)
azami dzeyde kullanmda izin verilir. Gda katk maddesi azodikarbonamidin izin verilen kullanm koullar, Salk Kanada`n zin Verilen Gda Katk Maddeleri
Listesinde belirtilmitir.
Kanada`da kullanm iin onaylanm tm gda katk maddelerinde olduu gibi, azodikarbonamid onaylanmadan nce kapsaml bir gvenlik deerlendirmesine tabi tutulmutur.
Salk Kanada`nn deerlendirmesi, bilimsel kantlarn, Azodikarbonamidin kullanmnda, Gda ve la Ynetmelii`nde izin verilen seviyelerde gvenlii desteklediini
belirledi. Ayrca, piirme srasnda azodikarbonamidin paralanmasndan meydana gelebilecek ok dk seviyelerde semikarbazidin bir salk riski oluturduu
dnlmeyecektir.
u anda, Salk Kanada, azodikarbonamidin onaylanm gda katk maddelerinde herhangi bir deiiklik yapmay dnmemektedir.
Azodikarbonamid nedir?
Azodikarbonamid, C2H4O2N4 molekler forml ile kimyasal bir bileiktir. Turuncu ila krmz, kokusuz, kristalin bir tozdur. Bir gda katk maddesi olarak E927
numaral E tarafndan bilinir.
Azodikarbonamid bir gda katk maddesi, bir un aartma maddesi ve iyiletirici madde olarak kullanlr. Bir oksitleyici ajan olarak nemli un ile reaksiyona girer.
Vikipedi, ana reaksiyon rnnn, piirme srasnda stabil olan re trevi olan biurea olduunu anlatr. kincil reaksiyon rnleri, semikarbazid ve etil karbamattr.
Azodikarbonamidin balca kullanm, bir katk maddesi olarak kpkl plastiklerin retiminde bulunmaktadr. Azodikarbonamidin termal bozunmas, kpkl bir eyann
oluturulmas iin polimerler iinde kabarcklar halinde tutulan azot, karbon monoksit, karbon dioksit ve amonyak gazlarnn evrimi ile sonulanr. Plastiklerde,
sentetik deride ve dier kullanmlarda kullanlan azodikarbonamid, saf veya modifiye edilebilir. Bu nemlidir nk modifikasyon reaksiyon scaklklarn etkiler.
Saf azodikarbonamid genellikle 200 C civarnda reaksiyona girer. Plastik, deri ve dier endstrilerde, modifiye azodikarbonamid (ortalama dekompozisyon scakl
170 derece C), reaksiyonu hzlandran veya daha dk scaklklarda reaksiyona giren katk maddeleri ierir. Plastiklerle iirici bir madde olarak Azodikarbonamid,
Avrupa`ya Austos 2005`ten beri gda ile dorudan temas halinde olmas gereken plastik rnlerin retimi iin yasaklanmtr.
1. Azodikarbonamid bir Endstriyel Kimyasaldr
Azodikarbonamidin birincil ilevi, ilem srasnda paraland ekilde ortalanr – eyleri “kpkl” yapan kk kabarcklar oluturur. Test prosedrlerinde bir
yerde bilim adamlar, unun beyazlatldn ve bir oksitleyici ajan olarak hareket ettiini kefettiler. Frnclar ya da daha dorusu “gda bilimcileri” ksa srede
ekmein standart bir eklenmesi gerektii sonucuna vard.
2. Azodikarbonamid, Glutenin Tahri Edilebilirliini Artrr
Gluten, bir dizi mide-barsak, immnolojik ve nrolojik hastala balanmtr. Eer bir adm daha ileri gtrrseniz, gluten hogrsz bedenleri gltenize eder,
nk bu iki protein, gltenin ve gliadin ierir, ki bu da vcudun ileyiini salar. Ekmek hamuru azodikarbonamid ile ilendiinde, glteni paralayabilir ve
glutenin ve gliadini daha kolay kullanlabilir hale getirebilir.
3. Azodikarbonamid Solunum Sorunlarna Neden Olabilir
Aratrma azodikarbonamide maruz kalma ile astm balangc arasnda dorudan bir balant kurmutur. Dnya Salk rgt (WHO) takip raporuna gre, azodikarbonamide
dzenli mesleki maruziyet astma ve alerjilere yol aabilir. WHO raporu, astm ve dier solunum yolu komplikasyonlar olan kiilerin sadece ay iinde maruz
kalnan semptomlar olanlarn ounu not etmektedir.
4. Azodikarbonamid bir Cilt Tahriatsdr
WHO raporu ayrca azodikarbonamide tekrarlayan dermatite neden olan fiziksel maruziyete dikkat ekti. Neyse ki, ac ekenler iin, maruz kalmann ortadan kaldrlmas,
dermatit belirtilerinin ortadan kalkmasna neden oldu. Bu iyi haber olsa da, bu sonular endstriyel kimyasallarn otoimmn yant ne kadar hzl balatabildiini
gstermektedir. Ne yazk ki, cilt tahrii endielerin en az olduu gibi grnyor…
5. Azodikarbonamid Baklk Sistemini Bozar
2001 ylnda laboratuar testleri azodikarbonamide dorudan maruz kalmann insan baklk hcresi oluumunu ve ilevini inhibe ettiini bulmutur. Her ne kadar
“dorudan maruziyet” ortak bir problemden daha az olsa da, daha byk sorun, azodikarbonamid sndnda, bir ekmek muhteviyat olduu zaman olur…
6. Azodikarbonamid Istldnda Zehirli By-rnler Yaratr
Azodikarbonamid ekmek hamurunu ilemek iin kullanlrken, piirildiinde, s paralanmasna neden olur. ki yan rn ortaya kabilir: semikarbazid ve etil
karbamat. Semikarbazid, zellikle kanserojen olan hidrazinler olarak bilinen bir kimyasallar ailesine aittir. Hayvan modellerini kullanan 2003 tarihli bir alma,
DNA`ya serbest radikal hasara neden olduunu bulmutur. Dier almalar, semikarbazidin insan baklk hcrelerine ve hayvanlarn DNA`sna zarar verdiini
bulmutur.
Korkun ikizinin dier yars daha iyi deil. Ulusal Salk Enstits Tehlikeli Maddeler Veri Bankas, etil karbamatn hayvanlara karsinojen olduunu belirtir;
Aslnda bu 200`den fazla alma ile desteklenmektedir. 17 yl nce yaplan aratrmalar, azodikarbonamidin ekmee ilave edilmesinin etil karbamat seviyelerini
arttrdn dorulad. Korkun gerek u ki endstri neredeyse yirmi yldan beri bu zehirli p olduunu ve bize yine de beslediini biliyor.
7. Hormon Fonksiyonuna Zararl
Semikarbazide maruz kalma, baka bir salk riski oluturabilir. Hayvan almalar, hormon fonksiyonu ve tiroid, timus, dalak, testis, yumurtalk ve rahim dahil
hormon dzenleyici organlar zerinde toksik bir etkiye sahip olduunu bulmutur. Tm endokrin bozucu bileiklerde olduu gibi, bu ey zehirdir!
8. Avrupa ve Avustralya Yasaklad
ABD`li yetkililer, ou frnlanm rnde bulunan azodikarbonamidin miktarnn ciddi bir salk tehdidi olmadn iddia etmeye devam ederken, Avrupal ??ve
Avustralyal yetkililer ekmek kullanmn yasaklad. Bebek mamas kavanozlar baka bir maruz kalma kaynayd ve yetkililer, bebekler iin “gvenli seviyeler” ile
ilgili cevapsz kalyorlard. Sonu olarak, Avrupal ??yetkililer cam kavanozlarn szdrmazlnda kullanlmasna izin vermedi.
Azodikarbonamid (ADA) nedir?
Azodikarbonamid, tahl ununda beyazlatma maddesi olarak kullanlan ve ABD Gda ve la daresi tarafndan onaylanan ekmek hamurunun hamur haline getirici olarak kullanlan kimyasal bir maddedir.1 Molekl forml C2H4O2N4 olan bir bileiktir. ADA sar ila turuncu krmz, kokusuz, kristal tozdur.
Menei
Azodikarbonamid, Wallace ve Tiernan, Inc. tarafndan bir un olgunlatrma maddesi olarak tantld ve 1962`de kullanlmas onayland.
fonksiyon
Aartma maddesi: undaki karton ile reaksiyona girerek ekmei beyazlatrr.
Hamur Sa Kremi: ADA, oksidasyon yoluyla unu olgunlatrr. Hamurlara kartrldnda, slfhidril (SH) gruplarn okside etmi ve ekil 2.3`te gsterilen iyiletirici
bir etki uygulamtr. Ana reaksiyon rnleri, piirme srasnda kararl olan re trevi olan biureadr.
ADA ile ileme tabi tutulmu unlar, klor dioksit ile ilenmi unlardan daha kuru ve daha yapkan hamurlar retir. Bu kurutulmu hamurlar daha yksek emilimi
tolere edebilir, daha iyi gaz tutma zelliklerini gsterebilir ve ileme zelliklerinde stndr. ADA ile ileme tabi tutulmu undan yaplan ekmek, artan ekmek
hacmi ve gelitirilmi tane dokusu ve d grnyle ??karakterizedir. Azodikarbonamid, undaki sersemliin balangcn hzlandrmaz. Doal veya zenginletirme
vitaminleri azodikarbonamidden etkilenmez.
Reklam prodksiyonu
Azodikarbonamid, yksek basn ve yksek scaklk altnda dihidrazin slfat ve re reaksiyona sokularak retilir. Elde edilen rn sodyum klorat ile birletirildi ve oksitlendi, daha sonra santrifje tabi tutuldu. Azodikarbonamit elde edilen bulamatan ekstrakte edilir, ykanr ve szlr. Saf azodikarbonamid tozu elde edilir ve daha sonra ince toz paracklarna mikronize edilir.
Uygulama
Azodikarbonamid kuru unta reaksiyona girmez, ancak hamur yapma srecinde tepki gsterir. Hamurda kartrldnda, slfhidril (SH) gruplarn oksitler ve
iyiletirici bir etki yapar.3 (3) Hamurun 2.5 dakika kartrlmas srasnda oksidasyon hzl ve neredeyse tamamlanr. Daha fazla kartrma veya uzun sreli
dinlenme, -SH ieriinde nemli ve ek bir azalma salayabilir. Daha hzl olgunlaan ajann gerekli olduu yerlerde ADA kullanlr. Tedavi seviyeleri 2 ila 45 ppm
arasndadr. Azodikarbonamidin olgunlamay baarmas iin gerekli olan miktar, unun derecesine gre deiir. 5 Daha organik bir rn oluturmaya alyorsanz, ADA
iin doal bir alternatif bulmak en iyisidir.
Azodikarboksilik asidin diamidi olan azodikarbonamid, turuncu-krmz kristal bir katdr. Yksek scaklk ve basn altnda hidrazin slfat ve re arasndaki
younlama reaksiyonu ile endstriyel olarak yaplr, ardndan NaOCI ile oksitlenir.
Azodikarbonamidin eitli ticari kullanmlar vardr: Kauuklarn kprtlmesi iin bir iirme maddesi, tahl unlarnda bir aartma maddesi (oksitleyici) ve ekmek
piirmek iin bir hamur dzenleyicidir.
Amerika Birleik Devletleri`nde azodikarbonamid, gda kullanm iin GRAS (genellikle gvenli olarak kabul edilir) statsne sahiptir. Dnya Salk rgt de gvenli
olduunu sylyor. Ancak Avrupa lkeleri ve Avustralya, gda rnlerinde kullanmn yasaklad ve baz Avrupa lkeleri, gda ile temas eden plastiklerin yaplmas
iin yasa d ilan etti. Baz almalar, bu rn veya yan rnlerini tketmenin solunum problemlerine yol aabileceini dndrmektedir.
Azodikarbonamit (“az-oh-boya-araba-BON-uh-mide”) ve taze pimi ekmek rnlerinde kullanm hakknda duymu olabilirsiniz. te ekmekte azodikarbonamid hakknda
gerekten bilmeniz gerekenler.
Azodikarbonamit, un ve ekmek hamurunda kullanlan, daha yksek somun hacmi, daha ince tanecik, yumuak doku ve stn hamur ileme zellikleri ile sonulanan onaylanm
bir ieriktir. Birok elverili restorandan keyif aldmz birok ekmek rn, tutarll, lezzeti ve dokuyu salamak iin azodikarbonamid veya baka bir ajan
ierir.
ABD Gda ve la daresine (FDA) gre – gda artmzdaki bileenlerin gvenliini denetleyen ABD dzenleyici organ – azodikarbonamid, aadaki gibi milyonda
45 paraya kadar (ppm) gvenli bir ekilde kullanlabilir:
Yalanma ve aartma maddesi
Bir hamur kremi
FDA unlar sylyor: “Azodikarbonamid, tahl unu ve ekmek yapmnda belirli kullanmlar iin bir gda katk maddesi olarak ABD`de onayland. FDA`nn gda
tedarikinin gvenliini salama konusundaki kararllnn bir paras olarak, ajans geni bir bilim dal kullanyor. Gda katk maddelerinin gvenliini
deerlendirmek iin temel sre FDA ynetmelikleri kapsamnda, gda katk maddelerinin gvenlii, bir katk maddesinin kullanm amacna uygun olarak kullanldnda,
hibir zarar vermeyeceinin makul bir kesinlik tad anlamna gelir.Yaratc, gda katk maddelerinin gvenliini izler. Azodikarbonamid ve gvenlik endieleri
ortaya karsa uygun nlemleri almaya hazrdr. “
u anda kullanld ekliyle azodikarbonamidin bir halk sal veya gvenlii meselesi olduunu gsteren hibir bilimsel kant bulunmamaktadr.
Avantajlar
Plastik, kauuk vb. Gibi stn dispersiyon
Plastik ve kauuk ileme iin uygun ayrma scaklklar
Ayrma ssn ve hzn kontrol etme yetenei
Byk gaz hacmi (220-245ml / g)
Bozulmadan dk miktarda kirlenme
Zamanla dk bozulma; mkemmel depolama kararll
Uygulamalar
Enerji emilimi, elastik fonksiyonellik (yastklama)
Ses emilimi, otomotiv i mekanlar
Mekanik ilevsellik (esneklik, esneklik)
Hafif uygulamalar
Dekoratif (duvar kad, deri)
Termal (s yaltm)
Azodikarbonamid, kprtlm plastiklerin retiminde genellikle bir fleme maddesi olarak kullanlan bir kimyasaldr. Hamurun esnekliini glendirmek ve glendirmek
iin bir gda katk maddesi olarak da kullanlabilir. Dnya Salk rgt, azodikarbonamidin esas endiesinin, alma ortamnda mesleki astm gelime riski ile iliki
li olduunu dnmektedir. Bununla birlikte, byle bir salk etkisi azodikarbonamid ile ekmek tketiminden gzlenmemitir. Codex Alimentarius Komisyonu ve bir dizi
lke (rnein ABD, Kanada, in Halk Cumhuriyeti ve Kore) unlarda azodikarbonamidin kullanm iin standartlar belirlemitir.
Tccarlar, istenen teknolojik etkiyi elde etmek ve gda rnlerini doru bir ekilde etiketlemek iin yi retim Uygulamalarna uygun olarak gda katk maddelerini
kullanmalar tavsiye edilir.
Azodikarbonamid, kpkl plastiklerin yaratlmasnda daha yaygn olarak kullanlan, yoga matlar, ayakkab tabanlar, paspaslar ve pencere contalar gibi sar bir portakal rengi tozdur.
FDA, gda irketlerine azotikarbonamidi bir un aartma maddesi ve hamur haline getirici olarak herhangi bir gda rnnde GRAS veya “Genel Olarak Gvenli Olarak Kabul Edilmi” stats vererek kullanmalarna izin verir.
Ancak FDA, azodikarbonamidi bir bileen olarak kullanan irketleri bile takip etmiyor. Bilgi eksiklii, FDA`nn EAFUS ya da “ABD`de Gdaya Eklenen Her ey” veritabann
da bu bileenle ilgili bir toksisite bilgisini gncellememesini veya iermemesini salamtr.
2001 ylnda bir Chicago otoyolunda azodikarbonamid tayan bir kamyon arptnda, ehir yetkililerinin en yksek tehlikeli madde uyars vermesini ve yarm mil
yarap iinde insanlar tahliye etmesini salad! Olay yerindeki insanlarn ou, gzler ve cilt tahrileri sonucu yanyordu.
U.K., inhale edildiinde astmn potansiyel bir nedeni olarak azodikarbonamidi tanmtr ve gda boyas alerjilerine ve gdalardaki dier yaygn alerjilere
duyarll olan kiilerde kullanlmasn tavsiye eder, nk semptomlar iddetlendirebilir.
Azodikarbonamid ekmek, un ve kepekli unlarda yaygn olarak kullanlan, yasal bir gda maddesidir. Yaam boyu tketim iin kapsaml bir ekilde test edilmi ve
Salk Kanada tarafndan milyonda 45 para maksimum seviyede onaylanmtr.
Istldnda azodikarbonamid ile ilenmi un, semikarbazid oluturabilir. Salk Bakanl tarafndan yaplan testler, her iki maddenin de izin verilen dzeylerde
salk riski oluturmadn gstermektedir.
Kanada`da satlan ekmek rnleri – perakende sat maazalar, yiyecek servis salayclar ve restoranlar – bu snrlara uygun olmaldr. CRFA ve restoran endstrisi, Kanada Salk Gvenlii Brosu`ndan azodikarbonamid konusunda teknik rehberlik ve uzmanla dayanmaktadr.
Son zamanlardaki medyann dikkati azodikarbonamidi gndeme getirdi. Kendi deerlendirmesine gre, Salk Kanada`nn bu onaylanm gda katk maddesinin kullanmn
deitirmek iin bir plan yoktur.
Dnya Salk rgt (WHO) azodikarbonamid zerinde alm ve ayrca astm ve dier alerjik reaksiyonlara balamtr.
Azodikarbonamid ilem ssyla ksmen paralandnda, zamanla tmrlere neden olabilen kanserojenlik gsteren eser miktarlarda semikarbazit oluturur.
Eski gnlerde ekmek bir ya da iki gn iinde bayatlanr ve 3 ile 4 arasnda kalp bytmeye balar. Ancak bugn, iki hafta ve hatta daha fazla yumuak ve taze kalacak bir ekmek satn alabilirsiniz. Evde ekmek piirmeyi dene ve ne kadar sreceini gr.
Kalc yumuak sonsuza kadar ekmek mucizesinin bir paras, ekmek retiminde seri retimde nemli rol oynayan azodikarbonamid adndaki bir katk maddesidir:
aartma maddesi – undaki karton ile reaksiyona girerek ekmei beyazlatrr.
un mukavemetini artrr – bu, hamurun gaz tutma yeteneini gelitirir ve ekmei daha elastik hale getirir.
Azodikarbonamid turuncu, kokusuz bir tozdur. Fotoraflarda ve elektronikte plastikte kprme maddesi gibi gda d uygulamalara sahiptir.
Gvenli mi?
Kimin istediine bal.
Avrupa ve Avustralya, azodikarbonamidin kullanmn yasaklamaktadr nk astm ve dier alerjik reaksiyonlara neden olabilen bir “solunum duyarlatrcs” dr.
Singapur`da, gda rnlerinde azodikarbonamidin kullanlmas, uzun bir hapis cezasna yol aabilir.
Ve ABD`de? Azodikarbonamid, FDA tarafndan GRAS (Genel olarak Gvenli olarak kabul edilir) olarak kabul edilir. “Gvenli” olmasna ramen una sadece ok kk
miktarlarda ilave edilebilir – milyonda 45 para!
Kararllk: Kolay alevlenir. Gl oksitleyici maddeler, gl asitler, gl bazlar, ar metal tuzlar ile uyumsuz.
Spermarkette ne yapmal?
Her ne kadar ekmek listesi iin bir eyler okumak Latince Kutsal Kitap okumaktan daha zor gibi grnse de, azodikarbonamid ve bu drt malzemeyi iermeyen% 100
tam buday ile balayan ksa ierikli liste listeleri aramalsnz.
Aklama
sar-turuncu kristal bir kat olarak ortam scaklnda bulunan sentetik bir kimyasaldr. Azodikarbonamid esas olarak kauuk ve plastik endstrilerinde polivinil klorr, poliolefinler ve doal / sentetik kauuklar dahil olmak zere ok eitli polimerlerin genilemesinde bir fleme maddesi olarak kullanlr. Azodikarbonamid ayn zamanda tahl ununda yalanma ve aartma maddesi gibi bir gda katk maddesi olarak ve ekmek piirme ileminde bir hamur haline getirici olarak kullanlr.
Kullanmlar
Azodikarboksamid, hamurun fiziksel zelliklerini ve piirme performansn gelitirmek iin buday unu ekmeklerine ve hamuruna bir katk maddesi olarak kullanlr.
Ayn zamanda buday unu retiminde oksitleyici / duking deriim maddelerinin seviyesini optimize etmek iin kullanlr.
Plastikler iin fleme ve kprtme maddesi olarak kullanr; tahl ununda olgunlaan ve aartma maddesi olarak.
Genel Tanm
Bir sar ila turuncu toz. Suda znmez ve yaygn zcler. Dimetil slfoksit iinde znr. Zehirli.
Hava ve Su Reaksiyonlar Kolay alevlenir. Suda znmez. Toz havada patlayc bir karm oluturabilir.
Reaktivite Profili
Azodikarbonamid kolayca tutuur ve hzla yanar. Kapal rnekler, karbon monoksit ve nitrojen reten termal ayrma srasnda yksek bir basn
art gsterir. 122 F` aan scaklklara duyarldr. Ia maruz kalmaya kar hassas olabilir. ki hafta boyunca 140 F`ye kadar scaklklarda saklandnda
dkme olarak stabildir. Su sspansiyonunda hafif kararszlk (kta oda scaklnda iki haftalk bir sre boyunca 2 mg / mL`de% 1,3`lk bozulma gsterdi, ancak
karanlkta iki haftalk bir sre boyunca 41 F`de ayrma yok. Scak su ile reaksiyona girer. Nitrojen, karbon monoksit ve amonyak verir [Hawley] Scak hidroklorik
asitte bozunur Gl asitler ve bazlar ile ve metal bileikleri ile uyumsuzdur.
Salk Tehlikesi
Solunum veya buhar, madde veya ayrma rnleri ile temas halinde ciddi yaralanma veya lmlere neden olabilir. Tahri edici, toksik ve / veya
andrc gazlar retebilir. Yangn kontrolnden kaynaklanan ak kirlilie neden olabilir.
Yangn Tehlikesi
Kendiliinden bozunma veya kendi kendine tutuma, s, kimyasal reaksiyon, srtnme veya arpma ile tetiklenebilir. Is, kvlcm veya alevle
atelenebilir. Bazlar stldnda veya bir yangna kartnda patlayabilir. iddetli yanabilir. Ayrma kendi kendine hzlandrabilir ve ok miktarda gaz
retebilir. Buhar veya toz hava ile patlayc karmlar oluturabilir.
Azodikarbonamid (ADC), iirici madde olarak kprme ajan olarak ve ayrca piirme ileminde gda katk maddesi olarak kullanlan kokusuz sar, turuncu renkli
bir kimyasaldr. Azodikarbonamid (ADC), kauukta birincil kullanm ve bir flip flop veya yoga mat gibi bir plastik rn nedeniyle “yoga mat” kimyasal olarak da
adlandrlr. Gda sektrnde yllarca kullanld bu zellii gz nnde bulundurarak yumuaklk ve esneklik salar. Azodikarbonamid (ADC), ticari frnclar
tarafndan, bir beyazlatc ajan ve ekmek hamuru iin krsratc olarak bolca uygulanr. Bu kristalin kat suda zayf bir ekilde znr, fakat su scakl
ykseldiinde marjinal olarak znr hale gelir, termal olarak dengesiz zellii yok eder ve bu nedenle piirme srasnda, bir tanesi Semicarbazide (SEM) olan
dier kimyasallar oluturmak zere paralanr. Azotikarbonamid (ADC), FDA`nn insanlarda tmr oluum olasln artrabileceini kontrol etmek iin kapsaml bir
Semikarbazid (SEM) deerlendirmesi yapldnda habere girmitir. Uluslararas Kanser Aratrmalar Ajans Semicarbazide (SEM) ar kullanmnn farelere karsinojen
rettiini iddia ediyor. Deerlendirmeden sonra FDA, bir gda katk maddesi olarak Azodikarbonamid (ADC) kullanmn nermektedir ancak FDA ynetmeliinde belirtilen
seviyede ve ekmek reticisi iin Azodikarbonamid`den bahsederken olduu kadar GRAS “Genel Olarak Gvenli Olarak Tannan” stats vermesi iin bir zorunluluk
getirmitir. Ekmek ambalajnda ??ierik listesinde (ADC).
Kresel Azodikarbonamid (ADC) Pazar: Srcler ve Snrlamalar
Azodikarbonamid (ADC), ticari uygulamalarn geni bir alanna sahiptir, kresel Azodikarbonamid (ADC) pazarnn bymesi, gnlk kullanmda plastik ve kauuk
bileeninin yksek deerli rnlerine olan talepten kaynaklanmaktadr. retim vinil (PVC) kpnde bir katk maddesi olarak kullanlan azodikarbonamid (ADC);
Gazn paralanmas srasnda hava kabarcklarnn olumasnda hayati bir rol oynar. Bu, kartrld rne glendirme, yumuatma ve elastikiyet kazandrr.
Oyuncaklar, spor salonu rnleri, pencere contalar, spor ayakkablar, ayakkab taban, paspaslar ve ok daha fazlas gibi kpkl plastiklerin retiminde bolca
kullanlr. Metrodan karldktan sonra azodikarbonamid, plastik ve kauuk rnleri hafifletmek ve yumuatmak iin kabartma tozu olarak kullanld iin gda
rnlerinde kullanlmak zere yksek oranda reddedildii iin ok dikkat ekmitir. Bu etki, Avrupa ve Avusturalya`nn kullanmn yasaklayan birok blgede
azodikarbonamid pazarn zaten kstlad kadar etkisizdir. Azodikarbonamide maruz kalmann ve tketimin solunum problemi, deri tahrii, hormonal fonksiyona
zarar verme ve baklk sistemine zarar verme riski ile ilikili olduu zetlenmitir.
Kresel Azodikarbonamid (ADC) Pazar: Segmentasyon
ounlukla iki farkl tr Azodikarbonamit vardr
Endstriyel kalite
Gda kalitesi
Kresel azodikarbonamid piyasas azodikarbonamid alt formasyonu, uygulama ve blge baznda segmentlere ayrlmtr.
Azodikarbonamid alt oluumu temelinde, kresel azodikarbonamid piyasas aadakilere ayrlmtr:
Semikarbazid (SEM)
Etilkarbamat (retan)
Azodikarbonamid uygulama tipi temelinde, kresel azodikarbonamid piyasas aadakilere ayrlmtr:
fleme Maddesi
Plastik katk
Gda katk maddesi
Un aartma maddesi ve iyiletirici madde
Azodikarbonamid blge tipi temelinde, kresel azodikarbonamid piyasas aadakilere ayrlmtr:
Kuzey Amerika
Dou ve Bat Avrupa
Japonya hari Japonya`ya zg
Azodikarbonamid (ADC) Pazar: Blgesel Grnm
Corafyalara dayal olarak, kresel azodikarbonamid (ADC) pazar yedi blgeye ayrlmtr – Kuzey Amerika`nn azodikarbonamid pazar, Latin Amerika`nn
azodikarbonamid pazar, Dou Avrupa`daki azodikarbonamid pazar, Bat Avrupa azodikarbonamid pazar, APEJ azodikarbonamid pazar, azodikarbonamid pazar ve
Orta Dou ve Afrika azodikarbonamid pazar. Yukarda bahsi geen blgeler arasnda azodikarbonamid piyasas arlkl olarak Japonya hari olmak zere Asya`ya
zeldir ve Kuzey Amerika ve Bat ve Dou Avrupa`daki doyma noktasna kadar geniledikleri ve imdi dk byme ile bymeyi bekledikleri en hzl byyen pazar
olmas beklenmektedir. oran.
Azodikarbonamid (ADC) Pazar: Anahtar Oyuncular
Kresel azodikarbonamid pazarnda tanmlanan piyasa oyuncularnn bazlar arasnda Arkema, Abtonsmart Chemicals (Group) Co., Ltd., Honeywell International,
Kum Yang Co., Ltd., Otsuka Chemical, Weifang Yaxing Chemical Co., Ltd., Ajanta Chemical Sanayi, Jingjiang Hangsun Plastik Katk Co, Ltd, Abtonsmart Kimyasallar
(Grup) Co, Ltd, Jiangxi Selon Sanayi Stok vb.
Aratrma raporu pazarn kapsaml bir deerlendirmesini sunar ve dnceli anlaylar, gerekler, gemi veriler ve istatistiksel destekli ve sektrde onaylanm
pazar verilerini ierir. Ayn zamanda uygun bir dizi varsaym ve metodoloji kullanlarak yaplan projeksiyonlar ierir. Aratrma raporu, pazar segmentleri,
corafyalar, tip, makine boyutu ve son kullanm gibi kategorilere gre analiz ve bilgi salar.
Raporda aadakiler kapsaml analizleri kapsamaktadr:
Piyasa Segmentleri
Pazar Dinamii
Market boyu
Arz ve talep
Gncel Eilimler / Sorunlar / Zorluklar
Rekabet ve irketler dahil
teknoloji
Deer zinciri
Blgesel analiz unlar ierir:
Kuzey Amerika
Latin Amerika
Avrupa
Asya Pasifik
Orta dou ve Afrika
Rapor, ilk elden bilgi, endstri analistleri tarafndan kalitatif ve kantitatif deerlendirme, endstri uzmanlar ve deer zincirindeki endstri katlmclarnn
girdileridir. Rapor, ana pazar eilimlerinin, makro ekonomik gstergelerin ve ynetim faktrlerinin, segmentlere gre pazar ekiciliinin yan sra derinlemesine
bir analizini sunmaktadr. Raporda ayrca, eitli faktrlerin pazar segmentleri ve corafyalar zerindeki niteliksel etkileri de aratrlmaktadr.
Rapor zeti:
Ana pazarn ayrntl gzden geirilmesi
Sektrdeki deien pazar dinamikleri
Derinlemesine pazar blmlendirme
Hacim ve deer bakmndan tarihsel, gncel ve ngrlen pazar bykl
Son endstri trendleri ve gelimeler
Rekabeti manzara
Anahtar oyuncularn ve sunulan rnlerin stratejileri
Potansiyel ve ni segmentler ve gelecek vaat eden byme gsteren blgesel pazarlar
Piyasa performans konusunda tarafsz bir bak as
Piyasa oyuncularnn piyasadaki ayak izlerini srdrebilmeleri ve gelitirebilmeleri iin gerekli bilgiler olmaldr.
FZKSEL DURUM;
GRNM:
TURUNCU KIRMIZI KRSTALLER VEYA SARI TOZ.
FZKSEL TEHLKELER:
KMYASAL TEHLKELER:
Bu madde sndnda veya yandnda zehirli dumanlar karr (azot oksitler).
MESLEK MARUZ KALMA LMTLER:
TLV kurulmad.
MARUZ KALMANIN YOLLARI:
Madde, aerosolnn solunmasyla vcuda emilebilir.
TENEFS ETME RSK:
20 C`de buharlama ihmal edilebilir; Bununla birlikte, havadaki partikllerin zararl bir konsantrasyonuna hzlca ulalabilir.
KISA SREL MARUZ KALMA ETKLER:
Bu madde gzlere ve solunum sistemine tahri edicidir. Tozun solunmas astm reaksiyonlarna neden olabilir (bkz. Notlar).
UZUN SRE VEYA TEKRARLAMALI MARUZ KALMA ETKLER:
Deri ile tekrarlanan veya uzun sreli temas, dermatite yol aabilir. Tekrarlanan veya uzun sreli temas cilt hassaslamasna neden olabilir. Tekrarlanan veya uzun
sreli inhalasyon maruziyeti astma neden olabilir.
KK ATII
DEPOLAMA
AMBALAJ & ETKETLEME
Dklen maddeyi szdrmaz kaplara sprn; Uygunsa, tozlanmay nlemek iin nce nemlendirin. Kalanlar dikkatlice toplayn, ardndan gvenli bir yere kaldrn.
Kiisel korunma: Zararl partikller iin P2 filtre respiratr.
Internet yakn zamanda, Metro`nn sandvi yapmak iin kulland ekmeklerden “yoga mat” kimyasal olarak adlandrlan azodikarbonamidin kaldrldn duyurduunda
sevinli bir ekilde sevindi.
Sonunda on binlerce kii tarafndan imzalanan bir yemek blogcusu tarafndan balatlan bir dilekenin ardndan gelen karar, birok evrimii yorumcular tarafndan,
srekli olarak suni malzemeleri ve kimyasallar tketicilerin boazna itmeye alan gda irketlerine kar bir zafer olarak ilan ediliyor.
Gdalarn kimyasallamas
Azodikarbonamid esas olarak kauuk ve plastik kpk yapmnda bir ajan olarak kullanlr. Ekmekleri aartmak ve hamurun ykselmesine yardmc olmak iin bir gda
katk maddesi olarak kullanlr.
Bu ayn banda, Food Babe web sitesinin arkasndaki kadn, “tehlikeli plastik kimyasal” azodikarbonamiti ekmeinden karmak iin Metro`y tevik eden bir dileke
balatt.
Site ayn zamanda, Kraft ve Kanada`da satlan baz Mac & Cheese rnlerinden gelen sar boyalar kaldrmak iin Kraft` tevik eden itmenin de gerisinde kald; nk
bunlar, hiperaktivite ve dier problemlerle balantl olabileceinden korkuyorlard.
Site azodikarbonamidin astma yol atn ve kanserojen olabileceini iddia etmektedir. Siteye gre, yoga paspaslar ve ayakkab kauuu yapmak iin kullanlan
kimyasallar, dnya genelinde yasaklanm, nk solunum problemleri ve alerjilere neden olmaktadr.
lk bakta, bu endie verici geliyor, bu da 50 bin kiinin neden 24 saat iinde dilekeye imza attn ve sosyal medyaya neden fkelerini seslendirdiini aklyor. Metro, ABD ve Kanada`da azodikarbonamid kullanmay durdurarak yant verdi (kimyasal baka yerde kullanmaz).
Ancak bilimsel almalar, azodikarbonamidin bir gda katk maddesi olarak kullanld durumlarda alarm iin gerek bir neden olmadn gstermektedir. En nemli
riskler, azodikarbonamidin endstriyel bir ortamda kullanlmasdr.
Dnya Salk rgt, azodikarbonamidin kimyasaln ilendii bitkilerde iiler iin bir risk oluturduunu sylyor. Solunduunda azodikarbonamid solunum
problemlerine neden olabilir. Azodikarbonamidin kullanmn yasaklamak veya kstlamak iin harekete geen lkeler bunu yapan iilerin maruz kaldklar inhalasyon
risklerinden dolay yapmlardr.
Sadece az miktarda azodikarbonamidin eserlere eklenmesine izin verilir.
Bir madde olarak azodikarbonamide sahip gdalarn tketilmesinin acil bir tehlike oluturduunu gsteren kesin bir kant yoktur.
Bu, riskin sfr olduu anlamna gelmez. Ancak, McGill niversitesi`nin Bilim ve Toplum Dairesi Mdr Dr. Joe Schwarcz, tketicilerin eitli malzemeleri “ok
tehlikeli” olarak kullanmalar ve telaffuz edilmesi zor bir isme sahip olmalar nedeniyle baz malzemeleri “tehlikeli” olarak etiketlemeden nce de dikkatli olmallar.
“Azodikarbonamid ile ilgili herhangi bir sorun olduunu dnmyorum, ama bu gnlerde, sektrn kulland her eye saldrmak vogue.” Dedi. “Toplumla urama
yllarmda… Sylemek zorunda olduum en byk yanllk, bir ey doalsa, sentetik bir eyden daha iyi ve gvenli olduu fikridir.”
Arsenik, bir rnek olarak, doada bulunur ve insanlara lmcl olabilir.
Schwarcz, eitli kimyasal bileenlerin “dileke ile politika” olarak artan eytanlatrlmas anlamna gelir ve byk miktardaki eker, tuz ve ya gibi byk gda
reticileri tarafndan satlan rnlerle ilgili en nemli sorunlarn bazlarn gz ard ettiini syler.
Schwarcz, “Kuzey Amerika`da tkettiimiz eker miktar hayret verici.” Dedi. “Kalorik fazlala ve dolaysyla obeziteye nemli bir katkda bulunduunu gsteren
yeterli kant var ve bu da azodikarbonamid gibi trivialara dikkat etmemiz gereken ey.”
Alt izgi
Tketicilerin yedikleri yiyecee daha fazla dikkat etmeleri ve iinde neler olup bittii hi kukusuz iyi bir ey. Ve gda endstrisi, malzeme ve retim sreleri
sz konusu olduunda her zaman daha hesap verebilir ve effaf olmann daha iyi bir iini yapabilirdi.
Ancak fabrikalarda kullanldnda iiler iin risk tekil eden bir kimyasal olan azodikarbonamide kar kampanya, kampanyaya birka dakika eklendiinde deil,
nceliklerimizin yanl hizalanabileceini gsteriyor. Her eyden nce, en byk riskleri oluturan ou endstriyel gda rnlerinde bulunan maddeler hepimizin
nasl telaffuz edeceini biliyorlar: sodyum, ya ve eker.
Ve neden azodikarbonamid “yoga mat kimyasal” olarak adlandrlr?
yi soru. Azodikarbonamid (ADA), ekmek ilemcileri tarafndan ultra yumuak ve inenebilir rnler oluturmak iin kullanlan bir hamur dzenleyicidir. Ayn zamanda
unda bir beyazlatma maddesi olarak da kullanlr. Bununla birlikte, bu bileenin rpertici sper gc, yoga paspaslarnda ve ayakkab tabanlarnda yaylanmay
yaratt plastik retim alannda kullanlabilen ift etkili yeteneidir. Tekrar ediyorum – yoga paspaslar ve ayakkab taban!
ADA, Avustralya, Avrupa Birlii ve Birleik Krallk`ta yasakland. Yine de halk sal ile ilgili endielere ramen, ABD Gda ve la daresi ve Salk Kanada
tarafndan hala kabul edilmektedir.
Metro, Starbucks ve Pizza Hut gibi eitli yksek profilli gda reticilerinin malzemeyi tariflerinden karmalar sz konusuydu, ki bu harika. Ancak, evresel
alma Grubu tarafndan yaplan bir deerlendirme, kimyasaln hala piyasada bulunan 500 dier markann yaknnda olduunu ortaya koymaktadr.
NE N KULLANILIR?
ADA ncelikle yoga paspaslar ve flip floplar gibi plastik ve kauuk rnlerinde bulunur ve bu rnleri daha gergin hale getirmek iin kullanlr. imdi, kendi yoga
matnzn yumuak, yumuack hissini ve bu yumuak, yumuack bir ticari ekmek dokusunu nasl dntrdn dnn. Eugh.
Ekmek rnleri giderken, ADA sadece rafine edilmi beyaz unlarda (btn tahllar yemenin baka bir nedenine ihtiya duyuyormu gibi) gizleniyor. Bununla birlikte,
rafine edilmi beyaz un rnlerinin yaygnl, tahllara bakldnda dikkate alnmas gereken bir ey, kraker veya niasta gibi baz niastalar, ilenmi
frnlanm rnler ve makarnalar.
ADA ayn zamanda eitli eniler ve bebek mamas iin kavanoz kapaklarnn altnda bir astar olarak da kullanlr – krler olsun ki, bu konuda endielenmenize
gerek yok!
NEDEN BLMEK STEDNZ?
Kanada`nn, ADA`nn un iinde kullanlmasna izin veren Uluslararas Gda Katk Veritabannda listelenen sadece be lkeden biri olduunu biliyor muydunuz? Dier
herkes onu ekti.
ADA ile ilgili tartmalar, nemli miktarda ADA`ya maruz kalan bir retim tesisinde alanlarda astm tetikledikten sonra ortaya kmtr. Bununla birlikte,
ayrca ilgili olan ADA`nn arza rnleridir. ADA ieren un piirildiinde, retan olarak bilinen bir kanserojen oluturur. Bir FDA almas, izin verilen en yksek
miktardaki ADA kullanldnda, retann ilgili seviyelere ykseldiini bulmutur. Daha dk miktarlar kullanldnda, retan seviyeleri ok daha dkt. Ve bizim
iin her eyden nce, Kanada`da, reticilerin ADA seviyelerini etiketlemelerini salayan bir sistemimiz yok.
Buradaki nemli not, ADA`nn gereksiz bir katk olduu. Neden kanserli bir ey olduunu veya kanserli olmayan eyleri tartmamamzn neden sadece tamamen
nlenebileceidir? Elbette, diyetinizde dikkatli olmak iin birka ey var, ancak kanser riskini artran katk maddeleri tketmemize gerek yok.
RN ETKETLEME
Daha nce bahsettiim bu alma, ADA`y ABD marketlerinde satlan yaklak 500 rn arasnda bulduunu biliyor musunuz? Bu almann mmkn olmas nedeniyle,
ABD Gda ve la daresi, imalatlarn frnclk rnlerinde kullanlan tm katk maddelerini etiketlemelerini gerektiriyordu.
Kanada`da durum byle deil.
Salk Kanada szcs Gary Holub`a gre, “Eer ADA una eklenmise ve bu un ekmekte veya baka bir unlu mamulde bir bileen olarak kullanlyorsa… ADA, hazr
ambalajlanm gdalarda etiketlenmemelidir. Bu nedenle bir tketicinin, rnlerinin ADA ieren un kullanp kullanmadn belirlemek iin bireysel frnlarla
sorgulamalar gerekir. “