BENZYL ALCOHOL

BENZYL ALCOHOL

 

 

BENZYL ALCOHOL (BENZL ALKOL)

 

synonyms:

BENZYL ALCOHOL; BENZYL ALKOHOL; BENZYL ALKOL; BENZL ALKOL; BENZYL ALCOHOL; benzyl alcohol ; BENZYL ALCOHOL; benzil alkol; benzyl alkol; benzil alkol; BENZYL ALCOHOL; alkol benzil; benzil; benzil alkol; benzil alkol; benzyl alcohol; benzil alkol; phenylmethanol; benzenemethanol; 100-51-6; phenylcarbinol; Benzoyl alcohol; Hydroxytoluene; benzylalcohol; Benzenecarbinol; Phenylmethyl alcohol; alpha-Toluenol; (Hydroxymethyl)benzene; Phenolcarbinol; Benzal alcohol; Alcool benzylique; Benzylicum; Methanol, phenyl-; alpha-hydroxytoluene; Phenylcarbinolum; benzylic alcohol; Phenyl-Methanol; BENZYL-ALCOHOL; hydroxymethylbenzene; Euxyl K 100; Bentalol; Caswell No. 081F; .alpha.-Toluenol; Benzyl alcohol (natural); Alcool benzilico [DCIT]; Itch-X; alcoholum benzylicum; NCI-C06111; benzenmethanol; .alpha.-Hydroxytoluene; Benzylalkohol; Aromatic primary alcohol; Alcool benzylique [INN-French]; Benzyl alkohol; Alcohol bencilico [INN-Spanish]; Aromatic alcohol; Methanol benzene; Alcoholum benzylicum [INN-Latin]; UNII-LKG8494WBH; NSC 8044; phenylmethan-1-ol; HSDB 46; FEMA No. 2137; CCRIS 2081; Benzyl alcohol Natural; Benzyl alcohol [USAN:INN:JAN];BENZYL ALCOHOL; EINECS 202-859-9;benzil alkol; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009502; ; Alcool benzilico; benzil alkol; Benzyl alcohol (Synonyms:benzil alkol; Benzenemethanol); L’ALCOOL BENZYLIQUE; BENZYL ALKOHOL; BENZYL ALKOL; BENZL ALKOL; L’ALCOOL BENZYLIQUE; l’alcool benzylique ; benzyl alkol; benzil alkol; alkol benzil; le Brésil; l’alcool benzylique; phénylméthanol; benzènéméthanol; 100-51-6; phénylcarbinol; Alcool benzoylique; Hydroxytoluène; l’alcool benzylique; Benzenecarbinol; Alcool phénylméthylique; alpha-toluénol; (Hydroxyméthyl) benzène; Phenolcarbinol; Alcool benzalique; Alcool benzylique; Benzylicum; Méthanol, phényl-; alpha-hydroxytoluène; Phenylcarbinolum; alcool benzylique; Phényl-méthanol; L’ALCOOL BENZYLIQUE; l’hydroxyméthylbenzène; Euxyl K 100; Bentalol; Caswell n ° 081F; .alpha.-toluénol; Alcool benzylique (naturel); Alcool benzilico [DCIT]; Itch-X; alcoolum benzylique; NCI-C06111; benzène-méthanol; .alpha.-hydroxytoluène; Benzylalkohol; Alcool primaire aromatique; BENZYL ALCOHOL; Alcool benzylique [DCI-français]; Benzyl alkohol; benzil alkol; BENZYL ALCOHOL; Alcohol bencilico [DCI-espagnol]; benzil alkol; Alcool aromatique; Méthanol benzène; benzil alkol; Alcoholum benzylicum [DCI-latin]; UNII-LKG8494WBH; NSC 8044; phénylméthan-1-ol; HSDB 46; FEMA n ° 2137; CCRIS 2081; Alcool benzylique Naturel; Alcool benzylique [USAN: INN: JAN]; EINECS 202-859-9; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009502; ; Alcool benzilico; Alcool benzylique (Synonymes: Benzenemethanol);BENZYL ALCOHOL; BENZYL ALKOHOL; BENZYL ALKOL; BENZL ALKOL; BENZYL ALCOHOL; benzyl alcohol ; benzyl alkol; benzil alkol; alkol benzil; benzil; benzyl alcohol; phenylmethanol; benzenemethanol; 100-51-6; phenylcarbinol; Benzoyl alcohol; Hydroxytoluene; benzylalcohol; Benzenecarbinol; Phenylmethyl alcohol; alpha-Toluenol; (Hydroxymethyl)benzene; Phenolcarbinol; Benzal alcohol; Alcool benzylique; Benzylicum; Methanol, phenyl-; alpha-hydroxytoluene; Phenylcarbinolum; benzylic alcohol; Phenyl-Methanol; BENZYL-ALCOHOL; hydroxymethylbenzene; Euxyl K 100; Bentalol; benzil alkol; Caswell No. 081F; BENZYL ALCOHOL; benzil alkol; .alpha.-Toluenol; benzil alkol; Benzyl alcohol (natural);BENZYL ALCOHOL; Alcool benzilico [DCIT]; Itch-X; BENZYL ALCOHOL; alcoholum benzylicum; NCI-C06111; benzil alkol; benzenmethanol; BENZYL ALCOHOL; .alpha.-Hydroxytoluene; BENZYL ALCOHOL; Benzylalkohol; Aromatic primary alcohol; Alcool benzylique [INN-French]; Benzyl alkohol; Alcohol bencilico [INN-Spanish]; Aromatic alcohol; Methanol benzene; Alcoholum benzylicum [INN-Latin]; UNII-LKG8494WBH; NSC 8044; phenylmethan-1-ol; HSDB 46; FEMA No. 2137; CCRIS 2081; Benzyl alcohol Natural; Benzyl alcohol [USAN:INN:JAN]; EINECS 202-859-9; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009502; ; Alcool benzilico; Benzyl alcohol (Synonyms: Benzenemethanol);BENZYL ALCOHOL; benzyl alcohol; benzil alcohol; benzyl alcol; BENZYL ALCOL; BEnzil alkol; Benzil alkol; benzil alkol; benzyl alkol; BENZYL ALCOHOL; Benzil alkohol; BENZYL ALKOHOL; benzyl alkohol; BENZIL ALKOL; L’alcool benzylique; Alcool benzylique;

 

 

 

BENZYL ALCOHOL

 

Benzyl alcohol

Names

Preferred IUPAC name

Phenylmethanol

Other names

Phenylcarbinol

Benzenemethanol

Identifiers

CAS Number

100-51-6 ☑

3D model (JSmol)

Interactive image

Interactive image

ChEBI 

CHEBI:17987 ☑

ChEMBL 

ChEMBL720 ☑

ChemSpider 

13860335 ☑

ECHA InfoCard 100.002.600

EC Number 

202-859-9

E number E1519 (additional chemicals)

KEGG 

D00077 ☑

PubChem CID

244

RTECS number 

DN3150000

UNII 

LKG8494WBH ☑

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)

DTXSID5020152 Edit this at Wikidata

InChI[show]

SMILES[show]

Properties[1]

Chemical formula

C7H8O

Molar mass 108.140 g·mol-1

Appearance Colorless liquid

Odor Slightly aromatic

Density 1.044 g cm-3

Melting point -15.2 °C (4.6 °F; 257.9 K)

Boiling point 205.3 °C (401.5 °F; 478.4 K)

Solubility in water

3.50 g/100 mL (20 °C)

4.29 g/100 mL (25 °C)

Solubility in other solvents Soluble[vague] in benzene, methanol, chloroform, ethanol, ether, acetone

log P 1.10

Vapor pressure 0.18 kPa (60 °C)

Acidity (pKa) 15.40

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

-71.83·10-6 cm3/mol

Refractive index (nD)

1.5396

Viscosity 5.474 cP

Dipole moment

1.67 D

Flash point 93 °C (199 °F; 366 K)

Autoignition

temperature

436 °C (817 °F; 709 K)

Explosive limits 1.3-13%

 

 

Infobox references

Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH. The benzyl group is often abbreviated “Bn” (not to be confused with “Bz” which is used for benzoyl), thus benzyl alcohol is denoted as BnOH. Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. It is a useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure. Benzyl alcohol has moderate solubility in water (4 g/100 mL) and is miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether. The anion produced by deprotonation of the alcohol group is known as benzylate or benzyloxide.

 

 

Natural occurrences

Benzyl alcohol is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas. It is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang.[2] It is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beavers.[3]

 

 

Preparation

Benzyl alcohol is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed:

 

 

C6H5CH2Cl + H2O → C6H5CH2OH + HCl

Another route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid.[4]

 

For laboratory use, Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide (C6H5MgBr) with formaldehyde and the Cannizzaro Reaction of benzaldehyde also give benzyl alcohol. The latter also gives benzoic acid, an example of an organic disproportionation reaction .

 

Reactions

Like most alcohols, it reacts with carboxylic acids to form esters. In organic synthesis, benzyl esters are popular protecting groups because they can be removed by mild hydrogenolysis.[5]

 

Benzyl alcohol reacts with acrylonitrile to give N-benzylacrylamide. This is an example of a Ritter reaction:[6]

 

C6H5CH2OH + NCCHCH2 → C6H5CH2N(H)C(O)CHCH2

Applications

Benzyl alcohol is used as a general solvent for inks, waxes, shellacs, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings. Thus it can be used in paint strippers, especially when combined with compatible viscosity enhancers to encourage the mixture to cling to painted surfaces.[7]

 

It is a precursor to a variety of esters and ethers, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries. E.g. benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, benzyl cinnamate, dibenzyl ether, benzyl butyl phthalate .

It is also used in e-liquid for e-cigarettes to enhance the flavors used. When applied to damaged skin or mucous membranes at a 10% concentration, it acts as a local anesthetic and antimicrobial agent. It can be utilized as a degreaser in rug cleaning products. As a dye solvent, it enhances the process of dying wool, nylon, and leather.[8] It also has use as a photographic film developer, and as an insect repellent.

 

Use in health care

Benzyl alcohol is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics, and topical drugs.[medical citation needed]

 

Benzyl alcohol, sold under the brand name Ulesfia, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2009, as a 5% solution for the treatment of head lice in people six months of age and older.[9] It affects the louse’s spiracles, preventing them from closing.[9] These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.[9]

Benzyl alcohol is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% benzyl alcohol.[9]

 

Other uses

Benzyl alcohol has nearly the same refraction index as quartz and wool fiber. If a clear quartz object is immersed in benzyl alcohol, it becomes almost invisible. This test has been used to determine non-destructively whether an object is truly made of quartz. Similarly, white wool immersed in benzyl alcohol also becomes almost invisible, clearly revealing contaminants such as dark and medullated fibers and vegetable matter.

 

Contact dermatitis

 

Illustration of allergic contact dermatitis

Benzyl alcohol is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. It is a common ingredient in a variety of household products and can cause severe allergic contact dermatitis in a significant percentage of the population.[10][11][12][13]

 

 

Safety

Benzyl alcohol has low acute toxicity with an LD50 of 1.2 g/kg in rats.[4] It oxidizes rapidly in healthy individuals to benzoic acid, conjugated with glycine in the liver, and excreted as hippuric acid. Very high concentrations can result in toxic effects including respiratory failure, vasodilation, hypotension, convulsions, and paralysis.

 

Benzyl alcohol is toxic to neonates and is associated with the gasping syndrome.[14][15]

Benzyl alcohol is severely toxic and highly irritating to the eye.[4] Pure benzyl alcohol produces corneal necrosis.[16]

Benzyl alcohol is not considered to be a carcinogen, and no data are available regarding teratogenic or reproductive effects.

Benzyl Alcohol is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with Lidocaine injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring. Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. Benzyl Alcohol is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body. Acceptable daily intakes were established by the World Health Organization at 5 mg/kg for Benzyl Alcohol. No adverse effects of benzyl alcohol have been seen in chronic exposure animal studies using rats and mice. Effects of Benzyl Alcohol in chronic exposure animal studies are limited to reduced feed intake and reduced growth. Some differences have been noted in one reproductive toxicity study using mice, but these were limited to lower maternal body weights and decreased mean litter weights. Another study also noted that fetal weight was decreased compared to controls, but a third study showed no differences between control and benzyl alcohol-treated groups. Benzyl Alcohol has been associated with an increased number of resorptions and malformations in hamsters, but there have been no reproductive or developmental toxicity findings in studies using mice and rats. Genotoxicity tests for benzyl alcohol are mostly negative, but there were some assays that were positive. Carcinogenicity studies, however, were negative. Clinical data indicates that benzyl alcohol can produce nonimmunologic contact urticaria and nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions, characterized by the appearance of wheals, erythema, and pruritis. 5% benzyl alcohol can elicit a reaction. Benzyl Alcohol is not a sensitizer at 10%. Benzyl Alcohol could be used safely at concentrations up to 5%, but that manufacturers should consider the nonimmunologic phenomena when using benzyl alcohol in cosmetic formulations designed for infants and children. Additionally, Benzyl Alcohol is considered safe up to 10% for use in hair dyes. The limited body exposure, the duration of use, and the frequency of use are considered in concluding that the nonimmunologic reactions would not be a concern. Because of the wide variety of product types in which benzyl alcohol may be used, it is likely that inhalation may be a route of exposure. The available safety tests are not considered sufficient to support the safety of benzyl alcohol in formulations where inhalation is a route of exposure. Inhalation toxicity data are needed to complete the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol where inhalation can occur. (PMID: 11766131).

 

Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)

Benzyl alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Slightly denser than water. Flash point 194°F. Boiling point 401°F. Contact may irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be slightly toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.

 

 

CAMEO Chemicals

Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent. It has a role as a solvent, a metabolite, an antioxidant and a fragrance.

 

ChEBI

 

Description

General description

Benzyl alcohol is a monoaromatic primary alcohol widely used as a solvent and as an intermediate in cosmetic formulations, pharmaceutical and flavor/fragrance industries.[4] It is capable of forming an intramolecular OH…. π hydrogen bond and it exists in gauche cis conformation around the alcoholic group.[5]

 

 

Application

Benzyl alcohol reacts with triethyl phosphite and zinc iodide to form the corresponding phosphonates.[6] It may also be used in the preparation of benzyl bromoacetate by reacting with bromoacetyl bromide in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate.[7]

 

 

What Is It?

Benzyl Alcohol is an organic alcohol found in many fruits and teas. Benzyl Alcohol has a hydroxyl group (-OH), while the related compound, Benzoic Acid has a carboxyl group (-COOH). Sodium Benzoate, Calcium Benzoate and Potassium Benzoate are salts of Benzoic Acid. Benzyl Benzoate is an ester of Benzyl Alcohol and Benzoic Acid.

 

Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its salts, and Benzyl Benzoate are used in a wide variety of cosmetics and personal care products, including baby products, bath products, soaps and detergents, eye makeup, blushers, cleansing products, make up products, as well as hair, nail and skin care products.

 

Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products?

The following functions have been reported for these ingredients.

 

 

Corrosion inhibitor – Sodium Benzoate

Fragrance ingredient – Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Benzyl Benzoate

pH adjuster – Benzoic Acid

Preservative – Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, Sodium Benzoate, Calcium Benzoate, Potassium Benzoate

Solvent – Benzyl Alcohol, Benzyl Benzoate Viscosity decreasing agent – Benzyl Alcohol

Follow this link for more information about how preservatives protect cosmetics and personal care products.

 

 

Scientific Facts: 

Benzyl Alcohol and Benzoic Acid are found naturally in many foods such as apricots, snap beans, cocoa, cranberries, mushrooms and honey. Benzyl Alcohol is also found in the essential oil of many plants, including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang.

 

 

Benzyl Alcohol Properties

Chemical formula C7H8O

Molar mass 108.140 g·mol-1

Appearance Colorless liquid

Odor Slightly aromatic

Density 1.044 g cm-3

Melting point -15.2 °C (4.6 °F; 257.9 K)

Boiling point 205.3 °C (401.5 °F; 478.4 K)

Solubility in water

3.50 g/100 mL (20 °C)

4.29 g/100 mL (25 °C)

Solubility in other solvents : Soluble[vague] in benzene, methanol, chloroform, ethanol, ether, acetone

log P 1.10

Vapor pressure 0.18 kPa (60 °C)

Acidity (pKa) 15.40

Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -71.83·10-6 cm3/mol

Refractive index (nD) 1.5396

Viscosity 5.474 cP

Dipole moment 1.67 D

 

 

Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH. The benzyl group is often abbreviated “Bn” (not to be confused with “Bz” which is used for benzoyl), thus benzyl alcohol is denoted as BnOH. Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. It is a useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure. Benzyl alcohol has moderate solubility in water (4 g/100 mL) and is miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether. The anion produced by deprotonation of the alcohol group is known as benzylate or benzyloxide.

 

 

Benzyl Alcohol Natural occurrences

Benzyl alcohol is produced naturally by many plants and is commonly found in fruits and teas. It is also found in a variety of essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth and ylang-ylang.[2] It is also found in castoreum from the castor sacs of beavers.[3]

 

 

 

Benzyl Alcohol Preparation

Benzyl alcohol is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed:

C6H5CH2Cl + H2O → C6H5CH2OH + HCl

Another route entails hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, a by-product of the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid.[4]

 

For laboratory use, Grignard reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide (C6H5MgBr) with formaldehyde and the Cannizzaro Reaction of benzaldehyde also give benzyl alcohol. The latter also gives benzoic acid, an example of an organic disproportionation reaction .

 

 

Benzyl Alcohol Reactions

Like most alcohols, it reacts with carboxylic acids to form esters. In organic synthesis, benzyl esters are popular protecting groups because they can be removed by mild hydrogenolysis.[5]

Benzyl alcohol reacts with acrylonitrile to give N-benzylacrylamide. This is an example of a Ritter reaction:[6]

C6H5CH2OH + NCCHCH2 → C6H5CH2N(H)C(O)CHCH2

 

 

 

Benzyl Alcohol Applications

Benzyl alcohol is used as a general solvent for inks, waxes, shellacs, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings. Thus Benzyl Alcohol it can be used in paint strippers, especially when combined with compatible viscosity enhancers to encourage the mixture to cling to painted surfaces.[7]

 

It is a precursor to a variety of esters and ethers, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries. Benzyl Alcohol E.g. benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, benzyl cinnamate, dibenzyl ether, benzyl butyl phthalate .

It is also used in e-liquid for e-cigarettes to enhance the flavors used. When applied to damaged skin or mucous membranes at a 10% concentration, it acts as a local anesthetic and antimicrobial agent. It can be utilized as a degreaser in rug cleaning products. As a dye solvent, it enhances the process of dying wool, nylon, and leather.[8] It also has use as a photographic film developer, and as an insect repellent.

 

 

Benzyl Alcohol Use in health care

Benzyl alcohol is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics, and topical drugs.

 

 

 

The use of benzyl alcohol as a 5% solution has been approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of head lice in children older than six months and in adults.[9] It affects the louse’s spiracles, preventing them from closing. These then become clogged with water or mineral oil or other matter and cause the insect to die from asphyxiation.

Benzyl alcohol is used effectively for treating lice infestations as the active ingredient in lotion shampoo with 5% benzyl alcohol.

 

 

 

Benzyl Alcohol Other uses

Benzyl alcohol has nearly the same refraction index as quartz and wool fiber. If a clear quartz object is immersed in benzyl alcohol, it becomes almost invisible. This test has been used to determine non-destructively whether an object is truly made of quartz. Similarly, white wool immersed in benzyl alcohol also becomes almost invisible, clearly revealing contaminants such as dark and medullated fibers and vegetable matter.

 

Contact dermatitis Benzyl Alcohol

 

 

Benzyl Alcohol Illustration of allergic contact dermatitis

Benzyl alcohol is an ingredient used in the manufacture of soaps, topical creams, skin lotions, shampoos, and facial cleansers and is popular due to its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. It is a common ingredient in a variety of household products and can cause severe allergic contact dermatitis in a significant percentage of the population.[10][11][12][13]

 

 

 

Safety- Benzyl Alcohol 

Benzyl alcohol has low acute toxicity with an LD50 of 1.2 g/kg in rats.[4] It oxidizes rapidly in healthy individuals to benzoic acid, conjugated with glycine in the liver, and excreted as hippuric acid. Very high concentrations can result in toxic effects including respiratory failure, vasodilation, hypotension, convulsions, and paralysis.

Benzyl alcohol is toxic to neonates and is associated with the gasping syndrome.[14][15]

Benzyl alcohol is severely toxic and highly irritating to the eye.[4] Pure benzyl alcohol produces corneal necrosis.[16]

Benzyl alcohol is not considered to be a carcinogen, and no data are available regarding teratogenic or reproductive effects

 

Organic alcohol that occurs naturally in some fruits (apricots, cranberries) and teas. Its chief function in cosmetics is as a preservative, and it’s among the least sensitizing preservatives in use.

High amounts of benzyl alcohol can impart a noticeable floral-like scent to products, as it is part of the fragrance makeup of some essential oils such as jasmine.

 

 

As a volatile alcohol, it can pose a risk of sensitivity when used in high amounts, but is considered safe as used in cosmetics.

Benzyl alcohol is fragrance and flavor material that also has preservative qualities. It is both naturally occurring in plants and can be synthetically prepared. Tom’s uses only natural preservatives in our products to ensure that they are both safe and effective throughout the life of the product, so Tom’s diligently selected benzyl alcohol derived from Cassia (cinnamon) oil. Although the term “alcohol” is used in the name, it does not contain any ethanol, the volatile alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and mouthwash products, and may be present in products that are considered alcohol free. in chemistry the term alcohol is used more broadly to describe many organic compounds that share a common functional group, even though the materials themselves all behave very differently. These “alcohols” include aromatic alcohols like benzyl alcohol and fatty alcohols like stearyl alcohol that may be present in consumer products labeled as alcohol free.

 

 

 

Benzyl Alcohol is considered safe for use in foods by the US Food and Drug Administration. With high use levels some people may experience irritation reactions, but at Tom’s we are mindful of this and formulate our products appropriately. Tom’s of Maine recognizes that no two people are alike, and even with pure and natural ingredients, some individuals may develop an allergic reaction that is unique to them. As with any product, be sure to discontinue use if you experience discomfort or other indications that the product may not be appropriate for your individual body chemistry.

Benzyl Alcohol is an organic alcohol found in many fruits and teas. Benzyl Alcohol has a hydroxyl group (-OH), while the related compound, Benzoic Acid has a carboxyl group (-COOH). Sodium Benzoate, Calcium Benzoate and Potassium Benzoate are salts of Benzoic Acid. Benzyl Benzoate is an ester of Benzyl Alcohol and Benzoic Acid.

 

Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid and its salts, and Benzyl Benzoate are used in a wide variety of cosmetics and personal care products, including baby products, bath products, soaps and detergents, eye makeup, blushers, cleansing products, make up products, as well as hair, nail and skin care products.

 

 

Benzyl Alcohol is a colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with Lidocaine injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutical aid, and in perfumery and flavoring. Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. Benzyl Alcohol is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body. Acceptable daily intakes were established by the World Health Organization at 5 mg/kg for Benzyl Alcohol. No adverse effects of benzyl alcohol have been seen in chronic exposure animal studies using rats and mice. Effects of Benzyl Alcohol in chronic exposure animal studies are limited to reduced feed intake and reduced growth. Some differences have been noted in one reproductive toxicity study using mice, but these were limited to lower maternal body weights and decreased mean litter weights. Another study also noted that fetal weight was decreased compared to controls, but a third study showed no differences between control and benzyl alcohol-treated groups. Benzyl Alcohol has been associated with an increased number of resorptions and malformations in hamsters, but there have been no reproductive or developmental toxicity findings in studies using mice and rats. Genotoxicity tests for benzyl alcohol are mostly negative, but there were some assays that were positive. Carcinogenicity studies, however, were negative. Clinical data indicates that benzyl alcohol can produce nonimmunologic contact urticaria and nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions, characterized by the appearance of wheals, erythema, and pruritis. 5% benzyl alcohol can elicit a reaction. Benzyl Alcohol is not a sensitizer at 10%. Benzyl Alcohol could be used safely at concentrations up to 5%, but that manufacturers should consider the nonimmunologic phenomena when usingbenzyl

alcohol in cosmetic formulations designed for infants and children. Additionally, Benzyl Alcohol is considered safe up to 10% for use in hair dyes. The limited body exposure, the duration of use, and the frequency of use are considered in concluding that the nonimmunologic reactions would not be a concern. Because of the wide variety of product types in which benzyl alcohol may be used, it is likely that inhalation may be a route of exposure. The available safety tests are not considered sufficient to support the safety of benzyl alcohol in formulations where inhalation is a route of exposure. Inhalation toxicity data are needed to complete the safety assessment of benzyl alcohol where inhalation can occur.

 

 

 

Benzyl alcohol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Slightly denser than water. Flash point 194°F. Boiling point 401°F. Contact may irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be slightly toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.

Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent. It has a role as a solvent, a metabolite, an antioxidant and a fragrance.

 

 

 

Description

General description

Benzyl alcohol is a monoaromatic primary alcohol widely used as a solvent and as an intermediate in cosmetic formulations, pharmaceutical and flavor/fragrance industries.[4] It is capable of forming an intramolecular OH…. π hydrogen bond and it exists in gauche cis conformation around the alcoholic group.[5]

 

 

 

Application

Benzyl alcohol reacts with triethyl phosphite and zinc iodide to form the corresponding phosphonates.[6] It may also be used in the preparation of benzyl bromoacetate by reacting with bromoacetyl bromide in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate.[7]

Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent. Benzoic Acid is an aromatic acid used in a wide variety of cosmetics as a pH adjuster and preservative. Sodium Benzoate is the sodium salt of Benzoic Acid used as a preservative, also in a wide range of cosmetic product types. Benzyl Alcohol is metabolized to Benzoic Acid, which reacts with glycine and excreted as hippuric acid in the human body. Acceptable daily intakes were established by the World Health Organization at 5 mg/kg for Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate. Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate are generally recognized as safe in foods according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. No adverse effects of Benzyl Alcohol were seen in chronic exposure animal studies using rats and mice. Effects of Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate in chronic exposure animal studies were limited to reduced feed intake and reduced growth. Some differences between control and Benzyl Alcohol-treated populations were noted in one reproductive toxicity study using mice, but these were limited to lower maternal body weights and decreased mean litter weights. Another study also noted that fetal weight was decreased compared to controls, but a third study showed no differences between control and Benzyl Alcohol-treated groups. Benzoic Acid was associated with an increased number of resorptions and malformations in hamsters, but there were no reproductive or developmental toxicty findings in studies using mice and rats exposed to Sodium Benzoate, and, likewise, Benzoic Acid was negative in two rat studies. Genotoxicity tests for these ingredients were mostly negative, but there were some assays that were positive. Carcinogenicity studies, however, were negative. Clinical data indicated that these ingredients can produce nonimmunologic contact urticaria and nonimmunologic immediate contact reactions, characterized by the appearance of wheals, erythema, and pruritus. In one study, 5% Benzyl Alcohol elicited a reaction, and in another study, 2% Benzoic Acid did likewise. Benzyl Alcohol, however, was not a sensitizer at 10%, nor was Benzoic Acid a sensitizer at 2%. Recognizing that the nonimmunologic reactions are strictly cutaneous, likely involving a cholinergic mechanism, it was concluded that these ingredients could be used safely at concentrations up to 5%, but that manufacturers should consider the nonimmunologic phenomena when using these ingredients in cosmetic formulations designed for infants and children. Additionally, Benzyl Alcohol was considered safe up to 10% for use in hair dyes. The limited body exposure, the duration of use, and the frequency of use were considered in concluding that the nonimmunologic reactions would not be a concern. Because of the wide variety of product types in which these ingredients may be used, it is likely that inhalation may be a route of exposure. The available safety tests are not considered sufficient to support the safety of these ingredients in formulations where inhalation is a route of exposure. Inhalation toxicity data are needed to complete the safety assessment of these ingredients where inhalation can occur.

 

Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. It is produced naturally by many plants and is a minor constituent in foods such as apples, raspberries, strawberries, grapes, peaches, and tea. Benzyl alcohol is also a minor component of many essential oils including jasmine, hyacinth, neroli, rose, and ylang-ylang.

In addition to its natural occurrence, benzyl alcohol can be synthetically prepared by the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride using sodium hydroxide. This was discovered in the 1800s during developments in the coal tar and dye industry. The need for benzyl chloride in dye synthesis led to research into how to improve the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride into benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid. In 1853, it was reported that benzaldehyde would react to caustic and break into equal quantities of benzyl alcohol and benzoate salts.

 

Benzil alkol

Benzil alkol, C6H5CH2OH formüllü aromatik alkol. Benzil alkol, aromatik kokulu renksiz bir svdr. Toksisitesi düüktür, bu yüzden kozmetikte bolca kullanlr. Polar olmas nedeniyle kullanl bir çözücüdür. Suda az çözünür ancak dier alkollerde iyi çözünür. Fenilmetanol, benzenmetanol, fenilkarbinol olarak da bilinir. 205 °C gibi yüksek bir kaynama noktasna sahiptir. Benzil alkol doal olarak baz bitkilerde, meyvelerde ve çaylarda bulunabilir. Endüstriyel olarak benzil klorürün hidrolizi üretilir. Dier alkoller gibi, karboksilik asitlerle tepkimeye girerek benzil esterleri oluturur.

Mürekkep ve boyalarda çözücü olarak kullanlr. Birçok ester ver eterin üretiminde kullanlr.

Benzil alkol; sabunlarda, cilt bakm ürünlerinde, losyonlar ve ampuanlarda bulunur. Baz insanlarda benzil alkole kar ar alerjik reaksiyon görülebilir. Benzil alkolün toksisitesi düüktür. Ancak saf benzil alkol göz için zararldr. Kanserojen olduuna dair kant bulunmamaktadr.

 

BENZIL ALKOL

Benzil alkol, c6h5ch2oh formülü ile aromatik bir alkoldür. Benzil grubu genellikle “bn” olarak ksaltlr (benzoil için kullanlan “BZ” ile kartrlmamaldr), bu nedenle benzil alkol BnOH olarak gösterilir. Benzil alkol, hafif ho aromatik bir kokuya sahip renksiz bir svdr. Polaritesi, düük toksisitesi ve düük buhar basnc nedeniyle yararl bir çözücüdür. Benzil alkol, suda orta derecede çözünürlüe sahiptir (4 g / 100 mL) ve alkollerde ve dietil eterde karabilir. Alkol grubunun deprotonasyonu ile üretilen anyon benzilat veya benziloksit olarak bilinir. Reaksiyonlar

Çou alkol gibi, esterler oluturmak için karboksilik asitlerle reaksiyona girer. Organik sentezde, benzil esterler, hafif hidrojenoliz ile alnabildikleri için gruplar korumak için popülerdir.

 

enzil alkol, n-benzilakrilamid vermek için akrilonitril ile reaksiyona girer. Bu, Ritter reaksiyonunun bir örneidir:

 

C6H5CH2OH + NCCHCH2 → C6H5CH2N(H)C(O) CHCH2

Uygulama

Benzil alkol, mürekkepler, mumlar, gomalaklar, boyalar, cilalar ve epoksi reçine kaplamalar için genel bir çözücü olarak kullanlr. Bu nedenle, boya striptizcilerinde, özellikle de karm boyal yüzeylere yapmaya tevik etmek için uyumlu Viskozite arttrclarla kombine edildiinde kullanlabilir,sabun, parfüm ve lezzet endüstrilerinde kullanlan çeitli esterlerin öncüsüdür. Ayrca kullanlan tatlar gelitirmek için e-sigara için e-sv kullanlr. Hasarl cilde veya mukoza zarlarna %10 konsantrasyonda uygulandnda, lokal anestetik ve antimikrobiyal bir ajan olarak ilev görür ve bazen hal temizleme ürünlerinde ya giderici olarak bulunur. Bir boya çözücü olarak, yün, naylon ve deri ölme sürecini gelitirir,ayn zamanda bir fotoraf gelitirici olarak ve bir böcek kovucu olarak kullanm vardr

 

 

Salk bakmnda kullanm

Benzil alkol, intravenöz ilaçlar, kozmetik ve topikal ilaçlarda düük konsantrasyonda bakteriyostatik bir koruyucu olarak kullanlr.

 

Benzil alkolün %5’lik bir solüsyon olarak kullanlmas, 6 aydan büyük çocuklarda ve yetikinlerde ba biti tedavisi için ABD FDA tarafndan onaylanmtr.Bu bitin spiracles etkiler, onlar kapanmasn önler. Bunlar daha sonra su veya mineral ya veya baka bir madde ile tkanr ve böceklerin boulmadan ölmesine neden olur.

Benzil alkol, %5 benzil alkol ile losyon ampuannda aktif bileen olarak bit enfestasyonlarnn tedavisinde etkili bir ekilde kullanlr.

 

Dier kullanmlar

Benzil alkol, kuvars ve yün elyaf ile neredeyse ayn krlma indeksine sahiptir. Net bir kuvars nesnesi benzil alkole batrlrsa, neredeyse görünmez olur. Bu test, bir nesnenin gerçekten kuvartzdan yaplm olup olmadn ykc olmayan bir ekilde belirlemek için kullanlmtr (bkz.kristal kafatas). Benzer ekilde, benzil alkole batrlm beyaz yün de karanlk ve medullated lifler ve bitkisel madde gibi kirleticileri aça çkarmak için neredeyse görünmez hale gelir.

 

Kontakt dermatit

 

Alerjik kontakt dermatit çizimi

Benzil alkol, sabunlar, topikal kremler, cilt losyonlar, ampuanlar ve yüz temizleyicileri üretiminde kullanlan bir maddedir ve anti-bakteriyel ve anti-mantar özellikleri nedeniyle popülerdir. Çeitli ev ürünlerinde yaygn bir maddedir ve nüfusun önemli bir yüzdesinde ciddi alerjik kontakt dermatite neden olabilir.

 

Benzil Alkol (Benzyl alcohol, Phenylmethanol, Fenilmetanol, Fenilmetil alkol) (C7H8O) (C6H5CH2OH) (Kimyasal saflkta, Chem pure)

 

Formül : C7H8O

Molar Kütle : 108,14 gr / mol

 

Younluk : 1,044 gr / cm3

Erime Noktas : -15,2 °C

Kaynama Noktas : 205 °C

Alevlenme Noktas : 101 °C

Benzil alkol C6H5CH2OH açk formülüne sahip aromatik bir alkoldür. Hafif ve ho aromatik kokusu olan benzil alkol renksiz bir svdr. Polarite, düük toksisite ve düük buhar basnc nedeniyle faydal bir çözücüdür. Su içinde ksmen (4g/100ml) çözünür ve alkoller ve dietil eter içinde tamamen karabilir. Benzil alkol dier çou çözücülerin aksine yanc deildir.

Benzil alkolün kullanm alanlarndan bahsedecek olursak;

Salk sektöründe, 6 ya üzeri çocuklar ve yetikinlerde saç bitinin tedavisi için %5’lik benzil alkol çözeltisi onayl olarak kullanlan bir üründür.

Farmasötik endüstrisinde düük konsantrasyonlarda benzil alkol, damar içi ilaçlar korumak için kullanlr. Cilde uygulandnda uyuturucu etkisi olduu için, bölgesel ar kesici olarak kullanlr.

Mürekkep, boya, epoksi reçine ve laklarn üretiminde bir çözücü olarak kullanlr.

Kozmetik sektöründe koruyucu, çözücü (solvent), akkanlk artrc, koku maskeleyici olarak kullanlr.

Gda endüstrisinde kullanlan tatlandrc esterleri için öncü madde olarak kullanlr.

Fotoraf sektöründe de yine kullanm mevcuttur.

Nanoteknoloji de nanotellerin dielektroforetik yeniden yaplandrlmas için dielektrik çözücü olarak kullanlr.

Birincil alifatik alkollere benzer biçimde yükseltgenerek srasyla benzaldehit ve benzoik asit

verebilir. Büyük çapta üretimi benzil klorür üzerine sodyum karbonat etkisiyle yaplr. Diyer benzil

bileiklerinin ürtilmesinde, jelatin kazein, selüloz asetat ve ellak için çözücü olarak kullanlr. Parfüm sanayiinde özellikle alifatik asitlerle oluturduu esterleri biçiminde kullanlr.

Benzil alkol C6H5CH2OH formülü ile aromatik bir alkoldür. imagesHafif ve ho aromatik kokusu olan benzil alkol renksiz bir svdr. Polarite, düük toksisite ve düük buhar basnc nedeniyle faydal bir çözücüdür. Su içinde ksmen (4g/100ml) çözünür ve alkoller ve dietil eter içinde tamamen karabilir. Benzil alkol dier çou çözücülerin aksine yanc deildir.

Benzil alkolün kullanm alanlarndan bahsedecek olursak;

 

Salk sektöründe, 6 ya üzeri çocuklar ve yetikinlerde saç bitinin tedavisi için %5’lik benzil alkol çözeltisi onayl olarak kullanlan bir üründür.

Farmasötik endüstrisinde düük konsantrasyonlarda benzil alkol, damar içi ilaçlar korumak için kullanlr. Cilde uygulandnda uyuturucu etkisi olduu için, bölgesel ar kesici olarak kullanlr. 

Mürekkep, boya, epoksi reçine ve laklarn üretiminde bir çözücü olarak kullanlr.

Kozmetik sektöründe koruyucu, çözücü (solvent), akkanlk artrc, koku maskeleyici olarak kullanlr.

Gda endüstrisinde kullanlan tatlandrc esterleri için öncü madde olarak kullanlr.

Fotoraf sektöründe de yine kullanm mevcuttur.

Nanoteknoloji de nanotellerin dielektroforetik yeniden yaplandrlmas için dielektrik çözücü olarak kullanlr.

Benzil alkol için teknik özelliklerini içeren bir örnek verecek olursak;

 

 

Assay>% 99.5

Renk <20 APHA

Su <0.1%

Dibenzil Oxyde <0.1%

Demir <% 0.0001

 

 

Benzil Alkol Özellikleri

Kimyasal formül C7H8O

Molar kütle 108.140 g · mol – 1

Görünüm Renksiz sv

Koku Hafif aromatik

Younluk 1.044 g cm – 3

Erime noktas -15.2 ° C (4.6 ° F; 257.9 K)

Kaynama noktas 205.3 ° C (401.5 ° F; 478.4 K)

sudaki çözünürlük

3,50 g / 100 mL (20 ° C)

4,29 g / 100 mL (25 ° C)

Dier çözücülerde çözünürlük: Benzen, metanol, kloroform, etanol, eter, asetonda çözünür [belirsiz]

log P 1.10

Buhar basnc 0,18 kPa (60 ° C)

Asitlik (pKa) 15.40

Manyetik duyarllk (χ) -71.83 · 10-6 cm3 / mol

Krlma indisi (nD) 1.5396

Viskozite 5.474 cP

Dipol momenti 1.67 D

 

 

Benzil alkol, C6H5CH2OH formülüne sahip aromatik bir alkoldür. Benzil grubu genellikle “Bn” olarak ksaltlr (benzoil için kullanlan “Bz” ile kartrlmamaldr), dolaysyla benzil alkol BnOH olarak belirtilir. Benzil alkol hafif ho aromatik kokusu olan renksiz bir svdr. Polaritesi, düük toksisitesi ve düük buhar basnc nedeniyle faydal bir çözücüdür. Benzil alkol suda orta derecede çözünürlüe sahiptir (4 g / 100 mL) ve alkoller ve dietil eterde karabilir. Alkol grubunun protondan arndrlmasyla üretilen anyon benzilat veya benziloksit olarak bilinir.

 

 

Benzil Alkol Doal olaylar

Benzil alkol birçok bitki tarafndan doal olarak üretilir ve genellikle meyve ve çaylarda bulunur. Ayrca yasemin, sümbül ve ylang-ylang da dahil olmak üzere çeitli uçucu yalarda bulunur. [2] Ayrca kunduzlarda kunduzlarn hint keselerinden bulunur. [3]

 

 

 

Benzil Alkol Hazrlama

Benzil alkol, hidrolize olan benzil klorür yoluyla endüstriyel olarak toluenden üretilir:

C6H5CH2Cl + H20 → C6H5CH2OH + HC1

Baka bir yol, tolüenin benzoik aside oksidasyonunun bir yan ürünü olan benzaldehitin hidrojenasyonunu gerektirir. [4]

 

Laboratuar kullanm için, fenilmagnezyum bromürün (C6H5MgBr) formaldehit ve Cannizzaro Benzaldehit Reaksiyonu ile Grignard reaksiyonu da benzil alkol verir. kincisi, organik orantszlatrma reaksiyonunun bir örnei olan benzoik asidi de verir.

 

 

Benzil Alkol Reaksiyonlar

Çou alkol gibi, esterler oluturmak için karboksilik asitlerle reaksiyona girer. Organik sentezde, benzil esterler, hafif hidrojenoliz ile uzaklatrlabildikleri için popüler koruyucu gruplardr. [5]

Benzil alkol, akrilonitril ile reaksiyona girerek N-benzlakrilamid verir. Bu bir Ritter reaksiyonunun bir örneidir: [6]

C6H5CH2OH + NCCHCH2 → C6H5CH2N (H) C (O) CHCH2

 

 

 

Benzil Alkol Uygulamalar

Benzil alkol, mürekkepler, mumlar, elaklar, boyalar, vernikler ve epoksi reçine kaplamalar için genel bir çözücü olarak kullanlr. Böylece Benzil Alkol, boya syrclarnda, özellikle de karmn boyal yüzeylere yapmasn tevik etmek için uyumlu viskozite arttrclar ile birletirildiinde kullanlabilir. [7]

 

Sabun, parfüm ve lezzet endüstrilerinde kullanlan çeitli ester ve eterlerin öncüsüdür. Benzil Alkol Ör. benzil benzoat, benzil salisilat, benzil sinnamat, dibenzil eter, benzil butil ftalat.

Ayn zamanda e-svlarda kullanlan aromalar arttrmak için e-sigaralarda da kullanlr. Hasarl cilt veya mukoza zarlarna% 10 konsantrasyonda uygulandnda, lokal anestezik ve antimikrobiyal ajan olarak ilev görür. Hal temizleme ürünlerinde ya giderici olarak kullanlabilir. Bir boya çözücüsü olarak, yün, naylon ve deri boyama ilemini gelitirir. [8] Ayrca bir fotoraf filmi gelitiricisi ve bir böcek kovucu olarak da kullanlmaktadr.

 

 

Salkta Benzil Alkol Kullanm

Benzil alkol, intravenöz ilaçlarda, kozmetik ürünlerde ve topikal ilaçlarda düük konsantrasyonda bakteriyostatik bir koruyucu olarak kullanlr.

 

 

 

% 5’lik bir çözelti olarak benzil alkol kullanm, alt aydan büyük çocuklarda ve yetikinlerde kafa bitlerinin tedavisi için ABD FDA tarafndan onaylanmtr. [9] Bitin spiracles’n etkiler, kapanmalarn önler. Bunlar daha sonra su veya mineral ya veya baka bir madde ile tkanr ve böceklerin boulmadan ölmesine neden olur.

Benzil alkol,% 5 benzil alkol ile losyon ampuannda aktif madde olarak bit istilalarnn tedavisinde etkili bir ekilde kullanlr.

 

 

 

Benzil Alkol Dier kullanmlar

Benzil alkol kuvars ve yün lifi ile neredeyse ayn krlma indisine sahiptir. Berrak bir kuvars nesnesi benzil alkole batrlrsa, neredeyse görünmez hale gelir. Bu test, bir nesnenin gerçekten kuvarsdan yaplm olup olmadn tahribatsz olarak belirlemek için kullanlmtr. Benzer ekilde, benzil alkole batrlm beyaz yün de neredeyse görünmez hale gelir ve karanlk ve medullatlanm lifler ve bitkisel madde gibi kirletici maddeleri açkça ortaya çkarr.

 

Kontakt dermatit Benzil Alkol

 

 

Benzil Alkol Alerjik kontakt dermatit çizimi

Benzil alkol, sabunlar, topikal kremler, cilt losyonlar, ampuanlar ve yüz temizleyicilerin üretiminde kullanlan bir maddedir ve anti-bakteriyel ve mantar önleyici özellikleri nedeniyle popülerdir. Çeitli ev ürünlerinde yaygn bir bileendir ve nüfusun önemli bir yüzdesinde ciddi alerjik kontakt dermatite neden olabilir. [10] [11] [12] [13]

 

 

 

Güvenlik- Benzil Alkol

Benzil alkol sçanlarda 1,2 g / kg LD50 ile düük akut toksisiteye sahiptir. [4] Salkl bireylerde hzla benzoik aside oksitlenir, karacierde glisin ile konjüge edilir ve hippurik asit olarak atlr. Çok yüksek konsantrasyonlar solunum yetmezlii, vazodilatasyon, hipotansiyon, konvülsiyonlar ve felç gibi toksik etkilere neden olabilir.

Benzil alkol yenidoanlar için toksiktir ve gasping sendromu ile ilikilidir. [14] [15]

Benzil alkol ciddi derecede toksiktir ve göze çok tahri edicidir. [4] Saf benzil alkol kornea nekrozu üretir. [16]

Benzil alkol kanserojen olarak kabul edilmez ve teratojenik veya üreme etkileri ile ilgili veri yoktur.

 

 

 

Uçucu bir alkol olarak, yüksek miktarlarda kullanldnda hassasiyet riski oluturabilir, ancak kozmetiklerde kullanld gibi güvenli kabul edilir.

Benzil alkol ayrca koruyucu özelliklere sahip olan koku ve lezzet maddesidir. Hem bitkilerde doal olarak bulunur ve sentetik olarak hazrlanabilir. Tom’s, ürünlerimizin kullanm ömrü boyunca hem güvenli hem de etkili olmasn salamak için ürünlerimizde sadece doal koruyucular kullanr, bu nedenle Tom’un Cassia (tarçn) yandan elde edilen benzil alkolü özenle seçer. Adnda “alkol” terimi kullanlmasna ramen, alkollü içeceklerde ve gargara ürünlerinde bulunan uçucu alkol, etanol içermez ve alkolsüz kabul edilen ürünlerde bulunabilir. kimyada alkol terimi, materyallerin hepsi çok farkl davranmasna ramen, ortak bir fonksiyonel grubu paylaan birçok organik bileii tanmlamak için daha geni olarak kullanlr. Bu “alkoller”, benzil alkol gibi aromatik alkolleri ve alkolsüz olarak etiketlenen tüketici ürünlerinde bulunabilen stearil alkol gibi yal alkolleri içerir.

 

 

 

Benzil Alkol, ABD Gda ve laç daresi tarafndan gdalarda kullanm için güvenli kabul edilir. Yüksek kullanm seviyelerinde baz insanlar tahri reaksiyonlar yaayabilir, ancak Tom’da buna dikkat ediyoruz ve ürünlerimizi uygun ekilde formüle ediyoruz. Tom’un Maine, hiçbir insann birbirine benzemediinin farkndadr ve saf ve doal içeriklerle bile, baz kiiler kendilerine özgü alerjik bir reaksiyon gelitirebilir. Herhangi bir üründe olduu gibi, ürünün kiisel vücut kimyas için uygun olmayabileceine dair rahatszlk veya baka belirtilerle karlarsanz, kullanmay braktnzdan emin olun.

Benzil Alkol, birçok meyve ve çayda bulunan organik bir alkoldür. Benzil Alkol bir hidroksil grubuna (-OH) sahipken, ilgili bileik Benzoik Asit bir karboksil grubuna (-COOH) sahiptir. Sodyum Benzoat, Kalsiyum Benzoat ve Potasyum Benzoat, Benzoik Asit tuzlardr. Benzil Benzoat, Benzil Alkol ve Benzoik Asit esteridir.

 

Benzil Alkol, Benzoik Asit ve tuzlar ve Benzil Benzoat, bebek ürünleri, banyo ürünleri, sabunlar ve deterjanlar, göz makyaj, allk, temizlik ürünleri, makyaj ürünleri de dahil olmak üzere çok çeitli kozmetik ve kiisel bakm ürünlerinde kullanlr. saç, trnak ve cilt bakm ürünleri olarak.

 

 

Benzil Alkol, keskin bir yanma tad ve hafif bir kokusu olan renksiz bir svdr. Lokal anestezik olarak ve Lidokain enjeksiyonuyla ilikili ary azaltmak için kullanlr. Ayrca, dier benzil bileiklerinin üretiminde, farmasötik bir yardmc olarak ve parfümeri ve aromada kullanlr. Benzil Alkol, bir parfüm bileeni, koruyucu, çözücü ve viskoziteyi azaltc ajan olarak çok çeitli kozmetik formülasyonlarda kullanlan aromatik bir alkoldür. Benzil Alkol, glisin ile reaksiyona giren ve insan vücudunda hippurik asit olarak atlan Benzoik Aside metabolize edilir. Benzil Alkol için Dünya Salk Örgütü tarafndan 5 mg / kg dozunda kabul edilebilir günlük alm miktarlar belirlenmitir. Sçanlar ve fareler kullanlarak yaplan kronik maruz kalma hayvan çalmalarnda benzil alkolün hiçbir yan etkisi görülmemitir. Benzil Alkolün kronik maruz kalma hayvan çalmalarndaki etkileri, yem almnn azalmas ve büyümenin azalmas ile snrldr. Fareler kullanlarak yaplan bir üreme toksisitesi çalmasnda baz farkllklar kaydedilmitir, ancak bunlar daha düük maternal vücut arlklar ve azaltlm ortalama altlk arlklar ile snrldr. Baka bir çalma ayrca fetal arln kontrollere göre azaldn, ancak üçüncü bir çalmada kontrol ve benzil alkol ile tedavi edilen gruplar arasnda fark olmadn gösterdi. Benzil Alkol, hamsterlerde artan sayda rezorpsiyon ve malformasyon ile ilikilendirilmitir, ancak fareler ve sçanlar kullanan çalmalarda üreme veya geliimsel toksisite bulgular yoktur. Benzil alkol için genotoksisite testleri çounlukla negatiftir, ancak pozitif olan baz testler vard. Ancak kanserojenlik çalmalar negatifti. Klinik veriler, benzil alkolün, hissizlik, eritem ve kant görünümü ile karakterize edilen, immünolojik olmayan temas ürtikeri ve immünolojik olmayan acil temas reaksiyonlar üretebileceini göstermektedir. % 5 benzil alkol reaksiyona neden olabilir. Benzil Alkol,% 10 orannda duyarllatrc deildir. Benzil Alkol,% 5’e kadar konsantrasyonlarda güvenle kullanlabilir, ancak üreticiler benzil kullanrken immünolojik olmayan fenomenleri dikkate almaldr.

bebekler ve çocuklar için tasarlanm kozmetik formülasyonlarda alkol. Ek olarak, Benzil Alkol’ün saç boyalarnda kullanm için% 10’a kadar güvenli olduu düünülmektedir. Snrl vücut maruziyeti, kullanm süresi ve kullanm skl, immünolojik olmayan reaksiyonlarn endie yaratmayaca sonucuna varlr. Benzil alkolün kullanlabilecei çok çeitli ürün türleri nedeniyle, inhalasyonun bir maruz kalma yolu olabilecei muhtemeldir. Mevcut güvenlik testlerinin, inhalasyonun bir maruz kalma yolu olduu formülasyonlarda benzil alkolün güvenliini desteklemek için yeterli olduu düünülmemektedir.

 

 

 

Uygulama

Benzil alkol, karlk gelen fosfonatlar oluturmak için trietil fosfit ve çinko iyodür ile reaksiyona girer. [6] Ayrca sodyum hidrojen karbonat varlnda bromoasetil bromür ile reaksiyona sokularak benzil bromoasetatn hazrlanmasnda da kullanlabilir. [7]

Benzil Alkol, bir parfüm bileeni, koruyucu, çözücü ve viskoziteyi azaltc ajan olarak çok çeitli kozmetik formülasyonlarda kullanlan aromatik bir alkoldür. Benzoik Asit, pH ayarlayc ve koruyucu olarak çok çeitli kozmetik ürünlerde kullanlan aromatik bir asittir. Sodyum Benzoat, çok çeitli kozmetik ürün tiplerinde de koruyucu olarak kullanlan Benzoik Asidin sodyum tuzudur. Benzil Alkol, glisin ile reaksiyona giren ve insan vücudunda hippurik asit olarak atlan Benzoik Aside metabolize edilir. Dünya Salk Örgütü tarafndan Benzil Alkol, Benzoik Asit ve Sodyum Benzoat için 5 mg / kg dozunda kabul edilebilir günlük alm miktarlar belirlenmitir. Benzoik Asit ve Sodyum Benzoat, ABD Gda ve laç daresi’ne göre gdalarda genellikle güvenli olarak kabul edilmektedir. Sçan ve fareler kullanlarak yaplan kronik maruz kalma hayvan çalmalarnda Benzil Alkolün hiçbir yan etkisi görülmemitir. Kronik maruziyetli hayvan çalmalarnda Benzoik Asit ve Sodyum Benzoatn etkileri, yem almnn azalmas ve büyümenin azalmas ile snrlyd. Fareler kullanlarak yaplan bir üreme toksisitesi çalmasnda kontrol ve Benzil Alkol ile muamele edilmi popülasyonlar arasndaki baz farkllklar kaydedildi, ancak bunlar daha düük maternal vücut arlklar ve azaltlm ortalama çöp arlklar ile snrlyd. Baka bir çalma ayrca fetal arln kontrollere göre azaldn, ancak üçüncü bir çalmada kontrol ve Benzil Alkol ile tedavi edilen gruplar arasnda fark olmadn gösterdi. Benzoik Asit, hamsterlerde artan sayda rezorpsiyon ve malformasyon ile ilikiliydi, ancak Sodyum Benzoat’a maruz kalan fare ve sçanlar kullanan çalmalarda üreme veya geliimsel toksisite bulgular yoktu ve benzer ekilde, iki sçan çalmasnda Benzoik Asit negatifti. Bu bileenler için genotoksisite testleri çounlukla negatifti, ancak baz testler pozitifti. Ancak kanserojenlik çalmalar negatifti. Klinik veriler, bu bileenlerin, hisler, eritem ve kant görünümü ile karakterize edilen, immünolojik olmayan temas ürtikeri ve immünolojik olmayan acil temas reaksiyonlar üretebileceini göstermitir. Bir çalmada,% 5 Benzil Alkol bir reaksiyon ortaya çkard ve baka bir çalmada da% 2 Benzoik Asit de aynsn yapt. Bununla birlikte Benzil Alkol,% 10’da bir duyarllatrc veya Benzoik Asit,% 2’de bir duyarllatrc deildi. mmünolojik olmayan reaksiyonlarn kesinlikle kutanöz olduunu ve muhtemelen kolinerjik bir mekanizmay içerdiini kabul ederek, bu bileenlerin% 5’e kadar konsantrasyonlarda güvenle kullanlabilecei, ancak üreticilerin bu bileenleri bebekler için tasarlanm kozmetik formülasyonlarda kullanrken düünmeleri gerektii sonucuna varlmtr. ve çocuklar. Ek olarak, Benzil Alkol’ün saç boyalarnda kullanm için% 10’a kadar güvenli olduu düünülmütür. Snrl vücut maruziyeti, kullanm süresi ve kullanm skl, immünolojik olmayan reaksiyonlarn endie yaratmayaca sonucuna varlmtr. Bu bileenlerin kullanlabilecei çok çeitli ürün türleri nedeniyle, inhalasyonun bir maruz kalma yolu olabilecei muhtemeldir. Mevcut güvenlik testlerinin, inhalasyonun bir maruz kalma yolu olduu formülasyonlarda bu bileenlerin güvenliini desteklemek için yeterli olduu düünülmemektedir. nhalasyonun meydana gelebilecei bu bileenlerin güvenlik deerlendirmesini tamamlamak için inhalasyon toksisite verilerine ihtiyaç vardr.

 

 

 

Benzil alkol hafif ho aromatik kokusu olan renksiz bir svdr. Birçok bitki tarafndan doal olarak üretilir ve elma, ahududu, çilek, üzüm, eftali ve çay gibi gdalarda küçük bir bileendir. Benzil alkol, yasemin, sümbül, neroli, gül ve ylang-ylang dahil olmak üzere birçok uçucu yan küçük bir bileenidir.

Doal oluumuna ek olarak, benzil alkol, sodyum hidroksit kullanlarak benzil klorürün hidrolizi ile sentetik olarak hazrlanabilir. Bu, 1800’lerde kömür katran ve boya endüstrisindeki gelimeler srasnda kefedildi. Boya sentezinde benzil klorür ihtiyac, benzil klorürün benzil alkol, benzaldehid ve benzoik aside hidrolizinin nasl gelitirileceini aratrmaya yol açmtr. 1853’te benzaldehitin kostik reaksiyona girecei ve eit miktarlarda benzil alkol ve benzoat tuzlarna dönüecei bildirildi.

 

 

 

Alcool benzylique

BENZYL ALCOHOL

N° CAS : 100-51-6 – Alcool benzylique

“Satisfaisant” dans toutes les catégories.

Bonus si présent dans les huiles essentielles

Origine(s) : Végétale, Synthétique

Autres langues : Alcohol de bencilo, Alcool benzilico, Benzylalkohol

Nom INCI : BENZYL ALCOHOL

Nom chimique : Benzyl alcohol

N° EINECS/ELINCS : 202-859-9

Additif alimentaire : E1519

Classification : Allergène, Règlementé, Alcool, Conservateur

À SAVOIRL’alcool benzylique fait partie des 26 allergènes réglementés par l’Europe. Il est employé la plupart du temps en tant que conservateur. On le retrouve naturellement présent dans de nombreuses plantes et fruits comme le Jasmin, l’ail et l’Ylang-Ylang, ou encore l’abricot, l’amande, la pomme et le cassis … L’alcool Benzylique est autorisé en Bio.

Restriction en Europe : III/45 and V/34

Les concentrations maximales autorisées sont les suivantes :

a) Solvant

b) Compositions parfumantes et aromatiques, leurs matières premières

 

À des fins autres qu’inhiber le développement de micro-organismes dans le produit. Cette fin doit ressortir de la présentation du produit.

 

b) La présence de la substance doit être indiquée sur la liste des ingrédients visés à l’article 19, paragraphe 1, point g), lorsque sa concentration est supérieure:

– à 0,001 % dans les produits sans rinçage,

– à 0,01 % dans les produits à rincer.

Ses fonctions (INCI)

Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.

Solvant : Dissout d’autres substances

Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques

Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

Cet ingrédient est présent dans 19.89% des cosmétiques.

Vernis à lèvres (75,41%)

Coffret eau de parfum pour femme (69,02%)

Eau de parfum pour femme (60,25%)

Eau de parfum mixte (52,48%)

Eau de toilette pour femme (49,38%)

 

Alcool benzylique

 

Alcool benzylique

Image illustrative de l’article Alcool benzylique

Identification

Nom UICPA phénylméthanol

Synonymes 

alpha-hydroxytoluène

alcool benzylique

 

 

No CAS 100-51-6

No ECHA 100.002.600

No CE 202-859-9

No E E1519

FEMA 2137

SMILES 

[Afficher]

InChI 

[Afficher]

Apparence liquide incolore, d’odeur caractéristique1.

Propriétés chimiques

Formule brute C7H8O [Isomères]

Masse molaire5 108,1378 ± 0,0065 g/mol

C 77,75 %, H 7,46 %, O 14,8 %,

pKa 15.40 2

Moment dipolaire 1,71 ± 0,09 D 3

Diamètre moléculaire 0,596 nm 4

Propriétés physiques

T° fusion -15 °C1; -15,2 °C2

T° ébullition 205 °C1; 205,3 °C2

Solubilité dans l’eau : 40 g·l-11

sol. dans le benzène, le méthanol, le chloroforme, l’éthanol, l’éther, l’acétone;

35 g·l-1 (eau, 20 °C);

42,9 g·l-1 (eau, 25 °C)2

 

 

Paramètre de solubilité δ 24,8 MPa1/2 (25 °C)6;

23,8 J1/2·cm-3/2 (25 °C)4

 

 

Caractéristiques

Classe : alcool primaire

Densité : 1,045 à 20 °C

Masse molaire : 108,1396 g/mol

Température d’ébullition sous 1 bar : 205 °C

Température de fusion sous 1 bar : -15,3 °C

Solubilité dans l’eau : Insoluble

Solubilité dans l’éthanol = alcool éthylique : Soluble

Solubilité dans l’éther : Soluble

Risques en cas d’utilisation : Nocif par inhalation et ingestion

Applications

L’alcool benzylique est utilisé comme solvant polyvalent dans la fabrication des encres, des peintures, des laques, et des revêtements en résine époxy12. C’est aussi un précurseur de plusieurs esters, employé en photographie (comme révélateur), dans la fabrication des savons, des parfums et comme agent de sapidité.

 

 

Dans les nanotechnologies

L’alcool benzylique a été utilisé comme solvant polaire pour le conditionnement par di-électrophorèse des nanofils13,14.

 

 

Industrie de la santé

L’alcool benzylique, à faible concentration, sert d’antiseptique dans les traitements intraveineux et comme conservateur dans les cosmétiques et les crèmes.

 

Aux États-Unis, la FDA a autorisé le recours à l’alcool benzylique en solution à 5% pour la lutte contre les poux chez les enfants de plus de 6 mois et les adultes15.

 

Expertise

L’alcool benzylique possède pratiquement le même indice de réfraction que le quartz ou la fibre de laine : si on plonge un cristal de quartz translucide dans de l’alcool benzylique, il est presque invisible. Cette propriété a été mise à profit comme essai non destructif d’identification du quartz (Cf. l’énigme du crâne de cristal ). De même, une fibre de laine blanche, une fois plongée dans une solution d’alcool benzylique, révélera clairement ses impuretés (fibres médullaires et traces de végétaux).