Chlorhexidine Digluconate
Synonyms: Chlorhexidine gluconate, CHG, CHDG, CHX, Chlorhexidine (digluconate)
Chlorhexidine digluconate is widely used in various applications, including wound care, hand washes, preoperative body showers, oral hygiene, and general disinfection.
Chlorhexidine digluconate is an antiseptic effective against various gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.
D-gluconic acid, compound with N,N”-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1)
EC / List no.: 242-354-0
CAS no.: 18472-51-0
Chlorhexidine digluconate, also called Chlorhexidine gluconate, is a broad-spectrum antiseptic.
Chlorhexidine digluconate, or chlorhexidine gluconate solution, is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products like skin cleansers.
Chlorhexidine Digluconate is a salt of Chlorhexidine (q.v.) and gluconic acid.
What is the difference between Chlorhexidine digluconate and Chlorhexidine gluconate?
Chlorhexidine digluconate is used in the European and International Pharmacopeia, while chlorhexidine gluconate is used in the US Pharmacopeia.
Chlorhexidine digluconate is a skin cleanser for surgical scrubs, wounds, preoperative skin preparation, and germicidal hand rinses.
Chlorhexidine digluconate is a germicidal mouthwash that reduces bacteria in the mouth.
Chlorhexidine digluconate oral rinse treats gingivitis (swelling, redness, bleeding gums).
Chlorhexidine digluconate oral rinse is not for treating all types of gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine digluconate, 20% Solution, is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antiseptic agent, oral care agent, disinfectant, cosmetic biocide, and preservative.
Chlorhexidine digluconate 20% is effective against plaque oral flora, including Candida, and is active against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeast.
Chlorhexidine digluconate can be used in antiseptic soap, a mouthwash that fights plaque, disinfect wounds and burns, vaginal flushing, hair dyes and bleaches, makeup, and other skin and hair care products.
Chlorhexidine digluconate solution is a bis(biguanide) family cationic broad-spectrum antibiotic.
Studies indicate that Chlorhexidine digluconate solution functions via destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane, which resulted in the release of periplasmic enzymes in gram-negative bacteria.
Chlorhexidine Digluconate (CHG) is a low-foaming, broad-spectrum antiseptic. Its mechanism of action involves the destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane.
Chlorhexidine Digluconate is effective on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, making it an excellent cationic cosmetic preservative.
Also known as, simply, Chlorhexidine digluconate.
In addition, Chlorhexidine digluconate solution inhibits oxygen utilization, which leads to a reduction in bacterial ATP.
These studies also indicate that the solution did not affect the inner membrane in gram-negative bacteria.
However, active transport was inhibited for small molecules entering the cell.
Furthermore, Chlorhexidine digluconate solution is very effective against bacteria such as Propionibacterium, Selenomonas, and cocci resembling Veillonella.
This gluconate salt is positively charged and disrupts the cell membrane of microbes, thanks to its interaction with their negatively charged surfaces.
By penetrating the microbial cell, Chlorhexidine digluconate triggers the release of intracellular components, ultimately leading to the cell’s demise.
Qualitative and Quantitative Composition of Chlorhexidine digluconate containing products :
Solution
Chlorhexidine digluconate topical solution is a “chlorhexidine digluconate solution” solution in a suitable vehicle.
It contains chlorhexidine digluconate 7.1% (equivalent to 4% chlorhexidine).
Each 100 mL contains 7.1 g chlorhexidine digluconate, equivalent to 4 g chlorhexidine.
List of excipients:
– Purified water
– Sodium hydroxide
– Benzalkonium chloride (optional)
Gel
Chlorhexidine digluconate topical gel is a solution of chlorhexidine digluconate in a suitable water-miscible basis.
It contains chlorhexidine digluconate 7.1% (equivalent to 4% chlorhexidine).
Each sachet contains a 3-g dose containing 213 mg of chlorhexidine digluconate equivalent to 120 mg chlorhexidine.
List of excipients:
– Purified water
– Sodium acetate trihydrate
– Guar gum
Related products
Other formulations of chlorhexidine that exist in the market include:
■ Topical solution (liquid, cloth, sponge applicators, swab sticks) available at concentrations 2%, 3.15%, 4%, and 5% of chlorhexidine gluconate/digluconate with and without isopropyl alcohol.
Used for skin preparation for surgery, invasive procedures, and central lines to prevent hospital-acquired infections.
■ Scrub solution (liquid detergent) available at 2% and 4% chlorhexidine gluconate/digluconate with isopropyl alcohol.
Used for preoperative bathing, general skin cleansing to prevent hospital-acquired infection, and preoperative hand scrub and hand disinfection to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
■ Irrigation solution (chlorhexidine and cetrimide) is available at concentrations of 2% and 4% chlorhexidine gluconate/digluconate.
Used for irrigation of wounds to prevent infection.
Topical cream (chlorhexidine and cetrimide) is available at 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate/digluconate with cetostearyl alcohol.
Used for wound cleaning (over-the-counter first-aid cream) to prevent infection.
■ Washcloth available at a concentration of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate/digluconate.
Used for daily bathing in an intensive care unit (ICU) patients to prevent hospital-acquired infection.
■ Gauze dressing available at a concentration of 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate. Used for wound or burn dressing to prevent infection.
■ Catheter dressing (gel pad, foam disk, semipermeable transparent dressing) available at 2% chlorhexidine gluconate/digluconate concentration.
Used for catheter dressings to prevent hospital-acquired infection.
■ Hand rub (gel) at 0.5% and 1% chlorhexidine gluconate/digluconate with ethanol. Used for hand sanitizing to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
■ Dental solution (oral rinse or spray) at 0.12% and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate/digluconate with ethanol.
Used to decontaminate the oral cavity to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia and for periodontal disease and mucositis treatment.
■ Concentrated stock solution available at a concentration of 20% of chlorhexidine gluconate/digluconate.
Used for preparation of dilutions for skin cleansing and general disinfection
Applications of Chlorhexidine digluconate:
Cosmetics
Hand Soaps
Health Care Products
• Dental preparations for gingivitis
• Surgical lubricants
• Surgical scrubs
• Surgical wipes
Pet Care Products
• Horse scrubs
• Lubricants
• Pet shampoos
• Skin treatment solutions
• Teat dips
• 1,1’-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) di-D-gluconate
• 1,1’-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) gluconate
• 1,1’-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)digluconate
• 1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane digluconate
• 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N’-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-
• Biguanide, 1,1’-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, digluconate
• 3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate
• Abacil
• Arlacide G
• Bacticlens
• Bactoshield CHG 2%
• Bioscrub
• Brian Care
• CHG Scrub
• Caswell No. 481G
• ChloraPrep
• Chlorhexidin glukonatu
• Chlorhexidin glukonatu [Czech]
• Chlorhexidine D-digluconate
• Chlorhexidine di-D-gluconate
• Chlorhexidine digluconate
• Chlorhexidine gluconate
• Cida-Stat
• Corsodyl
• DRG-0091
• Disteryl
• Dyna-hex
• E-Z Scrub
• EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 045504
• EINECS 242-354-0
• Exidine
• Hibiclens
• Hibidil
• Hibiscrub
• Hibistat
• Hibitane
• Hibitane 5
• Microderm
• Orahexal
• Peridex
• Peridex (antiseptic)
• Periochip
• Periogard
• Pharmaseal Scrub Care
• Plac out
• Plurexid
• Prevacare R
• Septeal
• Steri-Stat
• Unisept
Chlorhexidine digluconate
1,6-bis(4-Chlorophenyldiguanino)hexane digluconate
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid – N’,N””’-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] (2:1)
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexansäure–N,N””-hexan-1,6-diylbis[N’-(4-chlorphenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamid)](2:1) [German]
1,1′-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide)
1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane
18472-51-0 [RN]
242-354-0 [EINECS]
4-CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE
acide (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoïque – diamide N,N””-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N’-(4-chlorophényl)(imidodicarbonimidique)] (2:1) [French]
Betasept [Trade name]
Chlorhexamed [Trade name]
chlorhexidine bigluconate
chlorhexidine D-digluconate
chlorhexidine di-D-gluconate
Chlorhexidine gluconate [JAN] [USAN]
Corsodyl [Trade name]
D-Gluconic Acid compd. with N,N”-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1)
Diamide N,N””-1,6-hexanediylbis[N’-(4-chlorophényl)(imidodicarbonimidique)] – acide D-gluconique (1:2) [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Hexidine
Hibident [Trade name]
Hibidil [Trade name]
Hibiscrub [Trade name]
Hibisol [Trade name]
hibitane [Trade name]
Imidodicarbonimidic diamide, N,N””-1,6-hexanediylbis[N’-(4-chlorophenyl)-, compd. with D-gluconic acid (1:2) [ACD/Index Name]
Manusan [Trade name]
Maskin [Trade name]
Maskin R [Trade name]
MFCD00083599 [MDL number]
MOR84MUD8E
N,N””-1,6-Hexandiylbis[N’-(4-chlorphenyl)(imidodikohlenstoffimiddiamid)] –D-gluconsäure (1:2) [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
N,N””-1,6-Hexanediylbis[N’-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] – D-gluconic acid (1:2) [ACD/IUPAC Name]
N,N”-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide di-D-gluconate
N’,N””’-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] – D-gluconic acid (1:2)
N,N””-Hexane-1,6-diylbis[N’-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] – D-gluconic acid (1:2)
Peridex [Trade name]
pHiso-Med [Trade name]
Plurexid [Trade name]
Rotersept [Trade name]
Septeal [Trade name]
STERILON [Trade name]
UNII-MOR84MUD8E
Unisept [Trade name]
(1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(Z)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
[18472-51-0] [RN]
1,1?-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide)
1,1′-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), digluconate
1,1′-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) di-D-gluconate
1,1′-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)digluconate
1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane digluconate
105791-72-8 [RN]
12068-31-4 [RN]
124973-71-3 [RN]
14007-07-9 [RN]
150621-85-5 [RN]
151498-43-0 [RN]
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N”-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate
2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N”-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, digluconate
2-[amino-[6-[[amino-[[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexylimino]methyl]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)guanidine; 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
200-238-7 [EINECS]
21293-24-3 [RN]
23289-58-9 [RN]
40330-16-3 [RN]
4348068 [Beilstein]
51365-13-0 [RN]
52196-45-9 [RN]
52387-19-6 [RN]
55-56-1 [RN]
60042-57-1 [RN]
60404-86-6 [RN]
82432-16-4 [RN]
Abacil
Arlacide G
Bacticlens
Biguanide, 1,1′-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, digluconate
CHLORAPREP
Chlorhexidin glukonatu [Czech]
Chlorhexidine (digluconate)
Chlorhexidine Di Gluconate
Chlorhexidine digluconatemissing
chlorhexidinedigluconate
D-Gluconic acid, compd with N,N”-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1)
D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N,N’-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradeca- nediimidamide (2:1)
D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N,N”-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecane diimidamide (2:1)
D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N,N”-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1)
D-Gluconic acid, compound with N,N”-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1)
Disteryl
DYNA-HEX
EXIDINE [Wiki]
Gluconic acid, compd. with 1,1′-hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) (2:1), D- (8CI)
Hibiclens [Trade name] [Wiki]
HIBISTAT
Hibitane 5
N’,N””’-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)]–D-gluconic acid (1/2)
Orahexal
Peridex (antiseptic)
Peridex;Periogard
PERIOGARD [Wiki]
Plac out
PwrioChip
UNII:MOR84MUD8E