CITRIC ACID (STRK AST)
CITRIC ACID (STRK AST)
CAS No. : 77-92-9
EC No. : 201-069-1
Synonyms:
citric acid; 77-92-9; 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid; Citric acid, anhydrous; Anhydrous citric acid; Citro; Citretten; Aciletten; Chemfill; Hydrocerol A; 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-; Kyselina citronova; 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid; 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid; Citric acid anhydrous; Caswell No. 221C; F 0001 (polycarboxylic acid); 3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentane-1,5-dioic acid; 2-Hydroxypropanetricarboxylic acid; beta-Hydroxytricarballylic acid; FEMA No. 2306; FEMA Number 2306; K-Lyte; Kyselina citronova [Czech]; K-Lyte DS; CCRIS 3292; HSDB 911; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 021801; Uro-trainer; AI3-06286; UNII-XF417D3PSL; Citric acid [USAN:JAN]; Suby G; NSC 30279; NSC 626579; BRN 0782061; EINECS 201-069-1; MFCD00011669; C6H8O7; CHEMBL1261; XF417D3PSL; Kyselina 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propantrikarbonova [Czech]; Kyselina 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propantrikarbonova; CHEBI:30769; .beta.-Hydroxytricarballylic acid; citr; NSC30279; NSC-30279; NSC626579; NSC-626579; Citric acid, 99%; NCGC00090954-03; E330; DSSTox_CID_332; E 330; CITRATE ANION; DSSTox_RID_75520; DSSTox_GSID_20332; Neodymium chloride citrate; Neodymium citrate chloride; Citric acid, 99%, pure, anhydrous; 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic; Uralyt U; CAS-77-92-9; 1,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-; Citric acid, 99.5%, for analysis, anhydrous; NSC-112226; Citraclean; Citronensaeure; Citralite; Anhydrous citrate; citric acid group; Citric acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R); Citric acid, meets USP testing specifications, anhydrous; F2191-0222; 8F5D336A-442D-434A-9FB0-E400FF74E343; Citrate standard for IC, 1000 mg/L, analytical standard; 1,2,3-PROPANETRICARBOXYLIC ACID,2-HYDROXY (CITRIC ACID); Citric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; Citric acid, anhydrous, cell culture tested, plant cell culture tested; Citric acid, anhydrous, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; Citric acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.5%; Citric acid, for molecular biology, anhydrous, Rnase and Protease free; Citric acid, Anhydrous, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material; 12262-73-6; Citric acid, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, E330, anhydrous, 99.5-100.5% (based on anhydrous substance); E 330; CITRATE ANION; DSSTox_RID_75520; DSSTox_GSID_20332; Neodymium chloride citrate; Neodymium citrate chloride; Citric acid, 99%, pure, anhydrous; 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic; Uralyt U; CAS-77-92-9; 1,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-; Citric acid, 99.5%, for analysis, anhydrous; NSC-112226; Citraclean; Citronensaeure; Citralite; Anhydrous citrate; citric acid group; 2fwp; 4aci; 4nrm; H3cit; Citric acid, anhydrous [USP:JAN]; Citric Acid,(S); Citric acid,anhydrous; Citric acid (8CI); K-Lyte (Salt/Mix)
EN
Citric Acid IUPAC Name 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
Citric Acid InChI 1S/C6H8O7/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)
Citric Acid InChI Key KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Citric Acid Canonical SMILES C(C(=O)O)C(CC(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O
Citric Acid Molecular Formula C6H8O7
Citric Acid CAS 77-92-9
Citric Acid Deprecated CAS 12262-73-6, 43136-35-2
Citric Acid European Community (EC) Number 201-069-1
Citric Acid ICSC Number 0855
Citric Acid NSC Number 759606
Citric Acid RTECS Number GE7350000
Citric Acid UNII XF417D3PSL
Citric Acid JECFA Number 218
Citric Acid FEMA Number 2306
Citric Acid DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID3020332
Citric Acid Physical Description Citric acid appears as colorless, odorless crystals with an acid taste. Denser than water.
Citric Acid Color/Form Crystals; monoclinic holohedra; crystallizes from hot concentrated aqueous solution
Citric Acid Odor Odorless
Citric Acid Taste Strongly acidic taste
Citric Acid Boiling Point Decomposes
Citric Acid Melting Point 307 °F
Citric Acid Flash Point 100 °C
Citric Acid Solubility greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72° F
Citric Acid Density 1.54 at 68 °F
Citric Acid Vapor Pressure 1.66e-08 mmHg
Citric Acid LogP -1.64
Citric Acid LogS 0.51
Citric Acid Autoignition Temperature 1850 °F
Citric Acid Decomposition When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Citric Acid Viscosity 2.549 cP 30% aqueous solution at 20 °C
Citric Acid Corrosivity WILL CORRODE COPPER, ZINC, ALUMINUM AND THEIR ALLOYS
Citric Acid Heat of Combustion -474.5 KCAL/MOLE
Citric Acid Refractive Index Index of refraction (30% solution): 1.3744 at 20 °C/D
Citric Acid pKa 2.79
Citric Acid Dissociation Constants pKa = 2.79
Citric Acid Collision Cross Section 142.4 Ų [M+Na]+
Citric Acid Other Experimental Properties Heat of formation = -1543.8 kJ/mol at 25 °C
Citric Acid Molecular Weight 192.12 g/mol
Citric Acid XLogP3 -1.7
Citric Acid Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 4
Citric Acid Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 7
Citric Acid Rotatable Bond Count 5
Citric Acid Exact Mass 192.027003 g/mol
Citric Acid Monoisotopic Mass 192.027003 g/mol
Citric Acid Topological Polar Surface Area 132 Ų
Citric Acid Heavy Atom Count 13
Citric Acid Formal Charge 0
Citric Acid Complexity 227
Citric Acid Isotope Atom Count 0
Citric Acid Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Citric Acid Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Citric Acid Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Citric Acid Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Citric Acid Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Citric Acid Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Anhydrous Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric Acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.Citric Acid appears as colorless, odorless crystals with an acid taste. Denser than water. Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. It has a role as a food acidity regulator, a chelator, an antimicrobial agent and a fundamental metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a citrate(1-) and a citrate anion.Citric Acid appears as colorless, odorless crystals with an acid taste. Denser than water. Citric Acid is a white or colourless, odourless, crystalline solid, having a strongly acid taste. The monohydrate effloresces in dry air.A study of abdominal pain and severity of other side effects attributed to Picolax, a combination of Citric Acid, magnesium oxide and sodium picosulfate, was conducted among 267 patients, 55 of whom had inflammatory bowel disease, all of whom were given a full single dose of Picolax as preparation for radiology or endoscopy.Anhydrous Citric Acid is a tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric Acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.Citric Acid and its salts are naturally occurring constituents and common metabolites in plants and animal tissues. Citric Acid is an intermediary compound in the Krebs cycle linking oxidative metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat. The concentration of naturally occurring citrate is relatively higher in fruits, particularly citrus fruits and juices than vegetables and animal tissues.Citric Acid is a normal metabolite and an intermediate in cellular oxidative metabolism … The acid is formed in the mitochondrion after condensation of acetate with oxaloacetate. The six-carbon acid is then successively degraded to a series of four-carbon acids, effectively accomplishing oxidation of acetate in the cell.In human (as well as in animal and plant) physiology, Citric Acid is a very common intermediate in one of the central biochemical cycles, the Krebs or tricarboxylic acid cycle, which takes place in every cell. It completes the breakdown of pyruvate formed from glucose through glycolysis, thereby liberating carbon dioxide and a further four hydrogen atoms which are picked up by electron transport molecules. Thus, in man approximately 2 kg of Citric Acid are formed and metabolised every day. This physiological pathway is very well developed and capable of processing very high amounts of Citric Acid as long as it occurs in low concentrations.Citric Acid in reaction with enzyme citratase /citrate lyase/ yields oxaloacetic acid & acetic acid.The NK(2), and to a lesser extent the NK(1), receptors have been shown to be involved with Citric Acid-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig, which is in part mediated by endogenously released bradykinin. Tachykinins and bradykinin could also modulate Citric Acid-induced bronchoconstriction. … Bronchoconstriction induced by Citric Acid inhalation in the guinea pig, mainly caused by the tachykinin NK(2) receptor, is counteracted by bronchoprotective NO after activation of bradykinin B(2) and tachykinin NK(1) receptors in airway epithelium. A concentration of 47.6 mmol/L of Citric Acid (pH 2.3) in water led to total cell death within three minutes of incubation /with gingival fibroblasts (GF)/. Media containing 23.8 mmol/L and 47.6 mmol/L of Citric Acid exerted strong cytotoxicity (47 to 90 per cent of cell death) and inhibited protein synthesis (IC50 = 0.28 per cent) of GF within three hours of incubation. Incubation of cells in a medium containing 11.9 mmol/L of Citric Acid also suppressed the attachment and spreading of fibroblasts on culture plates and Type I collagen, with 58 per cent and 22 per cent of inhibition, respectively. Culture medium supplemented with 11.9, 23.8 and 47.6 mmol/L of Citric Acid also led to extracellular acidosis by decreasing the pH value from 7.5 to 6.3, 5.2 and 3.8, respectively.Active ingredient in products registered for residential and commercial use as disinfectants, sanitizers and fungicides … products are used to kill odor-causing bacteria, mildew, pathogenic fungi, certain bacteria and some viruses. Citric Acid products are used in bathrooms and in/on dairy and food processing equipment. Used in beverages, jellies, jams, preserves and candy to provide tartness. In the manufacture of alkyd resins; in esterified form as plasticizer, foam inhibitor. In the manufacture of Citric Acid salts. Citric Acid is utilized in a large variety of food and industrial applications because of its unique combination of properties. To prevent clotting of fresh beef blood, at 0.2%, with or without water; not more than 2 parts water to 1 part Citric Acid shall be used; to incr effectiveness of antioxidants in frozen, fresh pork sausage and freeze-dried meats, at 0.01% in combination with antioxidants.Excellent acidulant for hams, sausage, and soybean curds … obtained by coating acid with … animal or plant oils … canned vegetables (other than those specifically regulated) may contain Citric Acid as acidulant … optional ingredient in canning of prune juice and figs. … Prevent off-flavors in fried potatoes.More flavorful buttermilk … obtained when Citric Acid … added to culture. Amount of volatile acids … greatly incr when 0.2% Citric Acid … incorporated in butter cultures. … Treating milk for infant feeding with Citric Acid renders it more digestible by … forming softer curd.Citric Acid can be used for removing radioactive strontium from milk during fallout emergency.A mixture of Citric Acids is used as a dip for oily fish to prevent surface tissue from becoming brown and gummy.After sterilization, the temperature is adjusted as required. The surface of the sterile substrate in the pans is inoculated with A. niger spores, which germinate and cover the surface of the liquid with a mat of mold. After two to three days the surface is completely covered and Citric Acid production begins, continuing at almost a constant rate until 80-90% of the sugar is consumed. Fermentation then continues more slowly for an additional six to ten days. The theoretical yield from 100 kg of sucrose is 123 kg of Citric Acid monohydrate or 112 kg of anhydrous acid. However, the A. niger uses some sugar for growth and respiration, and the actual yield varies between 57 and 77% of theoretical, depending on such factors as substrate purity, the particular strain of organism, and the control of fermentation.The microbial production of Citric Acid on a commercial scale was begun in 1923 utilizing certain strains of Aspergillus niger to produce Citric Acid on the surface of a sucrose and salt solution. This tray fermentation technique is still used today, although it is being replaced by a submerged process known as deep tank fermentation. In the deep tank submerged process, Aspergillus niger mold spores are grown under controlled aseptic conditions on a test-tube slant and transferred to a seed tank or inoculum which is added to a fermentor along with pasteurized syrup. The pH is adjusted and nutrients added. Sterile air is sparged into the fermentor while the sugar is converted to Citric Acid. The complete fermentation cycle can take as long as 15 days. … Citric Acid fermentation broth is generally separated from the biomass using filtration or centrifugation. The Citric Acid is usually purified using either a lime-sulfuric acid method or a liquid extraction process.Anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution, anticoagulant citrate phosphate dextrose solution, Citric Acid syrup, & effervescent salts.Citric Acid for pharmaceutical use: not <99.5% anhydrous Citric Acid; not >5% water; not >0.05% ash; not >0.001% heavy metals; not > 0.0003% As. Hydrous Citric Acid may contain up to 8.8% water.Citric Acid is a weak organic acid that has the molecular formula C6H8O7. It occurs naturally in citrus fruits. In biochemistry, it is an intermediate in the Citric Acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.More than two million tons of Citric Acid are manufactured every year. It is used widely as an acidifier, as a flavoring and a chelating agent.A citrate is a derivative of Citric Acid; that is, the salts, esters, and the polyatomic anion found in solution. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate. When part of a salt, the formula of the citrate anion is written as C6H5O3−7 or C3H5O(COO)3−3.Citric Acid exists in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably citrus fruits. Lemons and limes have particularly high concentrations of the acid; it can constitute as much as 8% of the dry weight of these fruits (about 47 g/l in the juices[10]).[a] The concentrations of Citric Acid in citrus fruits range from 0.005 mol/L for oranges and grapefruits to 0.30 mol/L in lemons and limes; these values vary within species depending upon the cultivar and the circumstances in which the fruit was grown.Industrial-scale Citric Acid production first began in 1890 based on the Italian citrus fruit industry, where the juice was treated with hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide) to precipitate calcium citrate, which was isolated and converted back to the acid using diluted sulfuric acid.[13] In 1893, C. Wehmer discovered Penicillium mold could produce Citric Acid from sugar. However, microbial production of Citric Acid did not become industrially important until World War I disrupted Italian citrus exports.Citric Acid can be obtained as an anhydrous (water-free) form or as a monohydrate. The anhydrous form crystallizes from hot water, while the monohydrate forms when Citric Acid is crystallized from cold water. The monohydrate can be converted to the anhydrous form at about 78 °C. Citric Acid also dissolves in absolute (anhydrous) ethanol (76 parts of Citric Acid per 100 parts of ethanol) at 15 °C. It decomposes with loss of carbon dioxide above about 175 °C.
TR
Sitrik asit IUPAC Ad 2-hidroksipropan-1,2,3-trikarboksilik asit
Sitrik asit InChI 1S / C6H8O7 / c7-3 (8) 1-6 (13,5 (11) 12) 2-4 (9) 10 / h13H, 1-2H2, (H, 7,8) (H, 9,10) (H, 11,12)
Sitrik asit InChI Key KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Sitrik asit Kanonik SMILES C (C (= O) O) C (CC (= O) O) (C (= O) O) O
Sitrik asit Moleküler Formül C6H8O7
Sitrik asit CAS 77-92-9
Sitrik asit Kullanmdan Kaldrlm CAS 12262-73-6, 43136-35-2
Sitrik asit Avrupa Topluluu (EC) Numaras 201-069-1
Sitrik asit ICSC Numaras 0855
Sitrik asit NSC Numaras 759606
Sitrik asit RTECS Numaras GE7350000
Sitrik asit UNII XF417D3PSL
Sitrik asit JECFA Numaras 218
Sitrik asit FEMA Numaras 2306
Sitrik asit DSSTox Madde Kimlii DTXSID3020332
Sitrik asit Fiziksel Tanm Sitrik asit renksiz, kokusuz, asit tad veren kristaller olarak ortaya çkar. Sudan daha youn.
Sitrik asit Renk / Form Kristalleri; monoklinik holohedra; scak konsantre sulu çözeltiden kristalleir
Sitrik asit Koku Kokusuz
Sitrik asit Tat Kuvvetli asidik tat
Sitrik asit Kaynama Noktas Ayrr
Sitrik asit Erime Noktas 307 ° F
Sitrik asit Parlama Noktas 100 ° C
Sitrik asit 72 ° F’de 100 mg / mL veya daha büyük çözünürlük
Sitrik asit Younluk 68 ° F’de 1,54
Sitrik asit Buhar Basnc 1.66e-08 mmHg
Sitrik asit LogP -1.64
Sitrik asit LogS 0.51
Sitrik asit Kendiliinden Tutuma Scakl 1850 ° F
Sitrik asit Ayrma Ayrmaya kadar stldnda keskin bir duman ve duman çkarr.
Sitrik asit Viskozite 2.549 cP 20 ° C’de% 30 sulu çözelti
Sitrik asit Korozyon, BAKIR, ÇNKO, ALÜMNYUM VE BUNLARIN ALAIMLARINI KORRODE EDECEKTR.
Sitrik asit Yanma Iss -474.5 KCAL / MOLE
Sitrik asit Krlma ndeksi (% 30 çözelti): 20 ° C / D’de 1.3744
Sitrik asit pKa 2.79
Sitrik asit Ayrma Sabitleri pKa = 2.79
Sitrik asit Çarpma Kesiti 142.4 Ų [M + Na] +
Sitrik asit Dier Deneysel Özellikler Oluum ss = -1543.8 kJ / mol 25 ° C’de
Sitrik asit Molekül Arl 192.12 g / mol
Sitrik asit XLogP3 -1.7
Sitrik asit Hidrojen Ba Donör Says 4
Sitrik asit Hidrojen Ba Kabul Eden Says 7
Sitrik asit Dönebilen Ba Says 5
Sitrik asit Tam Kütle 192.027003 g / mol
Sitrik asit Monoizotopik Kütle 192.027003 g / mol
Sitrik asit Topolojik Polar Yüzey Alan 132 Ų
Sitrik asit Ar Atom Says 13
Sitrik asit Formal Yük 0
Sitrik asit Karmaklk 227
Sitrik asit zotop Atom Says 0
Sitrik asit Tanml Atom Stereocenter Says 0
Sitrik asit Tanmsz Atom Stereocenter Says 0
Sitrik asit Tanml Ba Stereocenter Says 0
Sitrik asit Tanmsz Ba Stereocenter Says 0
Sitrik asit Kovalent Bal Birim Saym 1
Sitrik asit Bileii Kanonikalize Edilmitir Evet
Susuz Sitrik asit turunçgillerde bulunan bir trikarboksilik asittir. Sitrik asit antioksidan özelliinden dolay farmasötik preparatlarda yardmc madde olarak kullanlmaktadr. Aktif bileenlerin stabilitesini korur ve koruyucu olarak kullanlr. Ayrca pH’ kontrol etmek için asidülant olarak kullanlr ve kandaki kalsiyumu elatlayarak antikoagülan görevi görür.Sitrik asit renksiz, kokusuz, asit tad olan kristaller olarak görünür. Sudan daha youn. Sitrik asit, 2. pozisyonda bir hidroksi ikame edicisi tayan propan-1,2,3-trikarboksilik asit olan trikarboksilik bir asittir. Tüm aerobik organizmalarn yolanda önemli bir metabolittir. Gda asitliini düzenleyici, elatör, antimikrobiyal ajan ve temel metabolit olarak rol oynar. Bir sitrat (1-) ve bir sitrat anyonunun birleik asididir. Sitrik asit renksiz, kokusuz, asit tad olan kristaller olarak görünür. Sudan daha youn. Sitrik asit, beyaz veya renksiz, kokusuz, kuvvetli asit tad olan kristal yapda bir katdr. Kuru havada monohidrat efloresans 55’i inflamatuar barsak hastal olan 267 hastada, Sitrik asit, magnezyum oksit ve sodyum pikosülfat kombinasyonu olan Picolax’a atfedilen karn ars ve dier yan etkilerin iddeti ile ilgili bir çalma yapld. Radyoloji veya endoskopi için preparat olarak hepsine tam tek doz Picolax verilen hastalk, Susuz Sitrik asit turunçgillerde bulunan trikarboksilik bir asittir. Sitrik asit içerdii antioksidan sayesinde farmasötik preparatlarda yardmc madde olarak kullanlr.t özellikler. Aktif bileenlerin stabilitesini korur ve koruyucu olarak kullanlr. Ayn zamanda pH’ kontrol etmek için bir asit düzenleyici olarak kullanlr ve kandaki kalsiyumu elatlayarak antikoagülan görevi görür.Sitrik asit ve tuzlar, bitkilerde ve hayvan dokularnda doal olarak oluan bileenler ve yaygn metabolitlerdir. Sitrik asit, Krebs döngüsünde karbonhidrat, protein ve yan oksidatif metabolizmasn birbirine balayan bir ara bileiktir. Meyvelerde, özellikle turunçgillerde ve meyve sularnda doal olarak oluan sitrat konsantrasyonu, sebze ve hayvansal dokulara göre nispeten daha yüksektir.Kitrik Asit (Sitrik asit) normal bir metabolittir ve hücresel oksidatif metabolizmada bir ara maddedir … Asit mitokondride oluur. asetatn oksaloasetat ile younlatrlmasndan sonra. Alt karbonlu asit daha sonra art arda bir dizi dört karbonlu aside indirgenerek hücrede asetatn oksidasyonunu etkin bir ekilde gerçekletirir.nsan (hayvan ve bitki) fizyolojisinde Sitrik asit çok yaygndr. merkezi biyokimyasal döngülerin birinde ara madde, her hücrede yer alan Krebs veya trikarboksilik asit döngüsü. Glikozdan oluan piruvatn glikoliz yoluyla parçalanmasn tamamlar, böylece karbondioksit ve elektron tama molekülleri tarafndan toplanan dört hidrojen atomunu daha serbest brakr. Böylece insanda her gün yaklak 2 kg Sitrik asit oluur ve metabolize olur. Bu fizyolojik yol çok iyi gelimitir ve düük konsantrasyonlarda olutuu sürece çok yüksek miktarlarda Sitrik asit ileyebilmektedir. Sitrik asit enzim sitrataz / sitrat liyaz ile reaksiyona girerek / oksaloasetik asit ve asetik verir. NK (2) ve daha az ölçüde NK (1) reseptörlerinin, ksmen endojen olarak salnan bradikininin araclk ettii kobayda Sitrik asit ile indüklenen bronkokonstriksiyona kart gösterilmitir. . Taikininler ve bradikinin ayrca Sitrik asit ile indüklenen bronkokonstriksiyonu modüle edebilir. … Kobayda Sitrik asit inhalasyonu ile indüklenen bronkokonstriksiyon, esas olarak taikinin NK (2) reseptörünün neden olduu, bradikinin B (2) ve taikinin NK (1) reseptörlerinin aktivasyonundan sonra bronkoprotektif NO ile giderilir. hava yolu epitel. Suda 47.6 mmol / L Sitrik asit (pH 2.3) konsantrasyonu, üç dakika inkübasyon / gingival fibroblastlar (GF) / ile toplam hücre ölümüne yol açmtr. 23.8 mmol / L ve 47.6 mmol / L Sitrik asit içeren ortam, güçlü sitotoksisite (hücre ölümünün yüzde 47 ila 90′) göstermi ve inkübasyondan sonraki üç saat içinde GF’nin protein sentezini (IC50 = yüzde 0.28) inhibe etmitir. Hücrelerin 11.9 mmol / L Sitrik asit içeren bir ortamda inkübasyonu da fibroblastlarn kültür plakalarna yapmasn ve yaylmasn srasyla yüzde 58 ve yüzde 22 inhibisyonla Tip I kollajeni basklad. 11.9, 23.8 ve 47.6 mmol / L Sitrik asit ile takviye edilmi kültür besiyeri de pH deerini srasyla 7.5’ten 6.3’e, 5.2 ve 3.8’e düürerek hücre d asidoza yol açmtr. dezenfektan, dezenfektan ve mantar öldürücü olarak … ürünler kokuya neden olan bakterileri, küfü, patojen mantarlar, baz bakterileri ve baz virüsleri öldürmek için kullanlr. Sitrik asit ürünleri banyolarda, süt ürünleri ve gda ileme ekipmanlarnda kullanlr. çeceklerde, jölelerde, reçellerde, reçellerde ve ekerlemelerde ekilii salamak için kullanlr. Alkid reçinelerinin imalatnda; plastikletirici, köpük önleyici olarak esterlenmi formda. Sitrik asit tuzlarnn imalatnda. Sitrik asit, benzersiz özelliklerinin kombinasyonu nedeniyle çok çeitli gda ve endüstriyel uygulamalarda kullanlmaktadr. Su ile veya susuz% 0,2 orannda taze sr kannn phtlamasn önlemek için; 2 birimden fazla suya 1 birim Sitrik asit kullanlmamaldr; antioksidanlarla birlikte dondurulmu, taze domuz sosisi ve dondurularak kurutulmu etlerde antioksidanlarn etkinliini artrmak için,% 0.01’de antioksidanlarla birlikte. jambon, sosis ve soya fasulyesi için mükemmel asitletirici … hayvan veya bitki yalar ile asit kaplayarak elde edilir … konserve sebzeler (özel olarak düzenlenmi olanlar dnda) asitletirici olarak Sitrik asit içerebilir … kuru erik suyu ve incir konservesinde istee bal bileen. … Patates kzartmasnda kötü tat olumasn önler. Daha lezzetli ayran … Kültüre Sitrik asit ilave edildiinde elde edilir. Uçucu asitlerin miktar … tereya kültürlerinde% 0,2 Sitrik asit katldnda büyük oranda artar. … Bebek beslenmesi için sütü Sitrik asit ile ilemden geçirmek, daha yumuak pht oluturarak daha sindirilebilir hale getirir. Sitrik asit serpinti annda sütten radyoaktif stronsiyumun uzaklatrlmasnda kullanlabilir. Sitrik asit karm. Asit (Sitrik asit) s,Yüzey dokusunun kahverengilemesini ve yapkan olmasn önlemek için yal balklara daldrn. Sterilizasyondan sonra, scaklk gerektii gibi ayarlanr. Tavalardaki steril substratn yüzeyi, svnn yüzeyini bir kalp matyla kaplayan ve filizlenen A. niger sporlar ile alanr. ki ila üç gün sonra yüzey tamamen kaplanr ve Sitrik asit üretimi balar, ekerin% 80-90′ tüketilene kadar neredeyse sabit bir oranda devam eder. Fermantasyon daha sonra alt ila on gün daha yava devam eder. 100 kg sukrozun teorik verimi 123 kg Sitrik asit monohidrat veya 112 kg susuz asittir. Bununla birlikte, A. niger, büyüme ve solunum için biraz eker kullanr ve gerçek verim, substrat safl, belirli organizma türü ve fermantasyon kontrolü gibi faktörlere bal olarak teorik olarak% 57 ila% 77 arasnda deiir. Ticari ölçekte Sitrik asit, bir sakaroz ve tuz çözeltisinin yüzeyinde Sitrik asit üretmek için belirli Aspergillus niger türlerinden yararlanlarak 1923 ylnda balamtr. Bu tepsi fermantasyon teknii, yerini derin tank fermantasyonu olarak bilinen batk bir ilemle deitirilmesine ramen, bugün hala kullanlmaktadr. Derin tank daldrmal ileminde, Aspergillus niger küf sporlar, bir test tüpü eimli üzerinde kontrollü aseptik koullar altnda büyütülür ve pastörize urupla birlikte bir fermentöre eklenen bir tohum tankna veya inoküluma aktarlr. PH ayarlanr ve besinler eklenir. eker Sitrik Aside (Sitrik asit) dönütürülürken fermentöre steril hava serpilir. Tam fermantasyon döngüsü 15 gün kadar uzun sürebilir. … Sitrik asit fermentasyon svs genellikle biyokütleden filtrasyon veya santrifüj kullanlarak ayrlr. Sitrik asit genellikle kireç-sülfürik asit yöntemi veya sv ekstraksiyon ilemi kullanlarak saflatrlr.Antikoagülan sitrat dekstroz çözeltisi, antikoagülan sitrat fosfat dekstroz çözeltisi, Sitrik asit urubu ve efervesan tuzlar. Sitrik asit) farmasötik kullanm için: <% 99,5 susuz Sitrik asit deil; >% 5 su deil; deil>% 0.05 kül; % 0,001’den fazla ar metal deil; deil>% 0.0003 As. Sulu Sitrik asit% 8.8’e kadar su içerebilir. Sitrik asit C6H8O7 moleküler formülüne sahip zayf bir organik asittir. Turunçgillerde doal olarak bulunur. Biyokimyada, tüm aerobik organizmalarn metabolizmasnda meydana gelen Sitrik asit döngüsünün bir ara maddesidir.Her yl 2 milyon tondan fazla Sitrik asit üretilmektedir. Yaygn olarak asitletirici, tatlandrc ve elatlayc olarak kullanlr. Sitrat, Sitrik asit türevidir; yani çözeltide bulunan tuzlar, esterler ve çok atomlu anyon. Birincisine bir örnek, bir tuz trisodyum sitrattr; bir ester, trietil sitrattr. Bir tuzun bir parças olduunda, sitrat anyonunun formülü C6H5O3−7 veya C3H5O (COO) 3.C3.Kitrik Asit (Sitrik asit), bata turunçgiller olmak üzere çeitli meyve ve sebzelerde bulunur. Limon ve misket limonu özellikle yüksek konsantrasyonlarda asit içerir; Bu meyvelerin kuru arlnn% 8’ini oluturabilir (meyve sularnda yaklak 47 g / l [10]). [a] Turunçgillerde Sitrik asit konsantrasyonlar 0,005 mol / L arasnda deimektedir. portakal ve greyfurt için limon ve misket limonunda 0.30 mol / L’ye kadar; Bu deerler, kültüre ve meyvenin yetitirildii artlara bal olarak tür içinde deiiklik gösterir. Endüstriyel ölçekli Sitrik asit üretimi ilk olarak 1890 ylnda talyan narenciye endüstrisinde balad ve meyve suyunun sulu kireç ile muamele edildii ( kalsiyum hidroksit), izole edilen ve seyreltilmi sülfürik asit kullanlarak aside dönütürülen kalsiyum sitrat çökeltmek için. [13] 1893 ylnda C. Wehmer, Penicillium küfünün ekerden Sitrik asit üretebileceini kefetti. Ancak Sitrik Asit’in (Sitrik asit) mikrobiyal üretimi, I.Dünya Sava talyan narenciye ihracatn kesintiye uratncaya kadar endüstriyel olarak önemli hale gelmedi.Citrik Asit (Sitrik asit) susuz (susuz) veya monohidrat olarak elde edilebilir. Susuz form scak sudan kristalize olurken, monohidrat souk sudan Sitrik asit kristalize edildiinde oluur. Monohidrat, yaklak 78 ° C’de susuz forma dönütürülebilir. Sitrik asit ayrca 15 ° C’de mutlak (susuz) etanolde (100 birim etanol için 76 birim Sitrik asit) çözünür. Yaklak 175 ° C’nin üzerinde karbondioksit kaybyla ayrr.