DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03

DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03

DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03

 

CAS No. : 3844-45-9 / 99149-43-6

EC No. : 223-339-8

 

 

Synonyms:

Triphenylmethane; diazanium 2- [[4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl] -[4-[ethyl-[(3- sulfonatophenyl)methyl]azaniumylidene] cyclohexa- 2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl]benzenesulfonate; 2-Formylbenzenesulfonic acid and 3-(Ethyl(phenyl)amino)methyl)benzenesulfonic acid; Erioglaucine; 11388 Blue; A.F. Blue No. 1; AE 85; AF Blue No. 1; Acid Blue 9; Acid Blue AE-SF; Acid Sky Blue A; Acilan Turquoise Blue AE; Aizen Brilliant Blue FCF; Alphazurine (indicator); Alphazurine FG; Alphazurine FGND; Amacid Blue FG Conc; duasin asit mavi ae 03; mavi asit; Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03; Bleu Brilliant FCF; Brilliant Blue; Brilliant Blue Lake; Bucacid Azure Blue; C.I. 42090; C.I. Acid Blue 9, diammonium salt; C.I. Direct Brown 78; C.I. Direct Brown 78, Diammonium Salt; CI 42090; CI Acid Blue 9; CI Acid Blue 9, diammonium salt; CI Direct Brown 78; CI Direct Brown 78, diammonium salt; Calcocid Blue 2G; Calcocid Blue EG; D and C Blue No. 4; Daiwa Blue 109H; Disulphine Lake Blue EG; Dolkwal Brilliant Blue; Duasyn Acid Blue AE; Duasyn Acid Blue AE-SF; Edicol Supra Blue E6; Erioglaucine; Erioglaucine (Biological Stain); Erioglaucine (VAN); Erioglaucine A; Erioglaucine E; Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03; Eriosky Blue; Fenazo Blue XR; H.K. Formula No. K. 7117; HK Formula No. K 7117; Hidacid Azure Blue; Japan Blue 205; Kiton Blue AR; Kiton Pure Blue L; Maple Brilliant Blue FCF; Neptune Blue BRA; DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03; Neptune Blue BRA Concentration; Neptune Blue WF; Orient Water Blue 9; Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03; Patent Blue 2Y; Patent Blue AE; Peacock Blue X-1756; Pro-Jet Blue OAM; Schultz No. 770; Tortrazine C extra; Triantine Light Brown 3RN; Vitasyn Blue AE 85; Water Blue 9; Xylene Blue VSG; Ammonium, ethyl(4-(p-(ethyl(m-sulfobenzyl)amino)- alpha-(o-sulfophenyl)benzylidene)- 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene) (m-sulfobenzyl)-, hydroxide, inner salt, diammonium salt; Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03; Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-(4-((4-(ethyl((3-sulfophenyl)methyl)amino)phenyl)(2-sulfophenyl)methylene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-3-sulfo-, hydroxide, inner salt, diammonium salt; DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03; Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N- (4-((4-(ethyl((3-sulfophenyl)methyl)amino)phenyl)(2-sulfophenyl)methylene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)- 3-sulfo-, inner salt, ammonium salt (1:2); Diammonio(ethyl)(4-((4-(ethyl(3-sulphonatobenzyl)amino)phenyl)(2-sulphonatophenyl)methylene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)(3-sulphonatobenzyl)ammonium; BLUE 1; CI 42090; 1206blue; blue1206; foodblue2; FD&CBLUE1; japanblue1; BLUE No. 1; Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03; E 133 (dye); modrkysela9; abcolbluenb; fdcblueno.1; Acid Blue 9; CI NO 42090; DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03; ERIOGLAUCINE; fenazobluexi; FD&CBlueNo.1; japanblueno.1; ERIOGLAUCIN A; ERIOGLAUCINE A; FOOD BLUE NO 1; ALPHAZURINE FG; FD AND C BLUE 1; merantineblueeg; foodbluedyeno.1; usacertblueno.1; NEPTUNE BLUE BRA; BRILLIANT BLUE E; modrbrilantnifcf; cosmeticbluelake; c.i. food blue 2; aizenfoodblueno.2; Foodbrilliantblue; BRILLIANT BLUE FCF; modrpotravinarska2; acidblue9,disodium; DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03; FD AND C BLUE NO 1; INTRACID PURE BLUE L; Acid Patenet Blue VS; brilliantbluefcdno.1; dolkwalbrilliantblue; C.I.Foodblue2(42090); Brilliant Blue E 133; Puricolor Blue Abl 9; Japan Food Blue No. 1; brilliantbluefcfsupra; usacertfdandcblueno.1; hexacolbrilliantbluea; DisodiuM Erioglaucine; nnersalt,disodiumsalt; acidblue9,disodiumsalt; Duasyn Acid Blue Ae 02; LAKE BRILLIANT BLUE FCF; Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03; canacertbrilliantbluefcf; ERIOGLAUCINE SODIUM SALT; Triphenylmethane; diazanium 2- [[4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]- [4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]azaniumylidene]cyclohexa- 2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl]benzenesulfonate; DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03; 2-Formylbenzenesulfonic acid and 3-(Ethyl(phenyl)amino)methyl)benzenesulfonic acid; Erioglaucine; 11388 Blue; A.F. Blue No. 1; AE 85; AF Blue No. 1; Acid Blue 9; Acid Blue AE-SF; Acid Sky Blue A; Acilan Turquoise Blue AE; Aizen Brilliant Blue FCF; Alphazurine (indicator); Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03; Alphazurine FG; Alphazurine FGND; Amacid Blue FG Conc; Bleu Brilliant FCF; Brilliant Blue; Brilliant Blue Lake; Bucacid Azure Blue; C.I. 42090; C.I. Acid Blue 9, diammonium salt; Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03; Blue Aluminum Lake #1; Acid Patenet Blue H’conc; Erioglaucine disodiuM sa; ERIOGLAUCINE (C.I. 42090); Brilliant Blue FCF (E133); ERIOGLAUCINE DISODIUM SALT; c.i.acidblue9,disodiumsalt; Erioglaucine 1g [3844-45-9]; BRILLIANTBLUEFCF,DISODIUMSALT; Sicovit brilliant Blue 85e133; DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03; Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03; Acid Blue 9, Alphazurine FG; Brilliant Blue FCF Erioglaucin A; Erioglaucine disodium salt, pure

 

 

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03

 

 

ACID BLUE 9. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is a soluble dye. Available as water soluble powder dye. Exhibits high tinting strength, high brilliancy and transparency in aqueous solution and good stability in water. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is used in personal care and cosmetics. CI 42090.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE liquid is a water based liquid dye that is recommended for the coloration of fabric & home care products and industrial & institutional cleaners. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is also suitable for the coloration of stationery, fertilizer and crop protection applications.

Benefits of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)

High transparency and brilliancy

High tinting strength in aqueous solutions

Microbiological purity is specified

Manufacturing Methods of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03): 2-Formylbenzenesulfonic acid and 3-(Ethyl(phenyl)amino)methyl)benzenesulfonic acid condensation, oxidation, and then the product into the ammonium salt or sodium salt.

Properties and Applications of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03): colourful green light blue. Violet powder, soluble in water, in 90 ℃ water solubility of 50 g/L, soluble in ethanol. The strong sulfuric acid in orange, dilute yellowish later. The water solution is green light blue dye, add sodium hydroxide after it shows colorless, and you have a deep purple precipitation. Good levelness, white sex is better, for copper, iron ion sensitive, dyeing should pay attention, or influence colored light. This product used for wool, silk,nylon with wool blended fabric dyeing and printing. Can also be used as a food dyes and organic pigments, also used for paper shading and anti-epidemic field, can also be used in leather color.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is a selected acid dye for the coloration of detergents and cleaners. Suitable also for stationery, fertilizers and crop protection.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE liquid is a water based liquid dye that is recommended for the coloration of fabric & home care products and industrial & institutional cleaners. It is also suitable for the coloration of stationery, fertilizer and crop protection applications.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03), or triphenyl methane, is the hydrocarbon with the formula (C6H5)3CH. This colorless solid is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents and not in water. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is the basic skeleton of many synthetic dyes called triarylmethane dyes, many of them are pH indicators, and some display fluorescence. A trityl group in organic chemistry is a triphenylmethyl group Ph3C, e.g. triphenylmethyl chloride (trityl chloride) and the triphenylmethyl radical (trityl radical).

Preparation of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) was first synthesized in 1872 by the German chemist August Kekulé and his Belgian student Antoine Paul Nicolas Franchimont (1844-1919) by heating diphenylmercury (Hg(C6H5)2, Quecksilberdiphenyl) with benzal chloride (C6H5CHCl2, Benzylenchlorid).

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) can be synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction from benzene and chloroform with aluminium chloride catalyst:

3 C6H6 + CHCl3 → Ph3CH + 3 HCl

Alternatively, benzene may react with carbon tetrachloride using the same catalyst to obtain the triphenylmethyl chloride-aluminium chloride adduct, which is hydrolyzed with dilute acid:[3]

3 C6H6 + CCl4 + AlCl3 → Ph3CCl·AlCl3

Ph3CCl·AlCl3 + HCl → Ph3CH

Synthesis from benzylidene chloride, prepared from benzaldehyde and phosphorus pentachloride, is used as well.

Acidity of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)

The pKa is 33.3.[4] Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is significantly more acidic than most other hydrocarbons because the charge is delocalized over three phenyl rings. Steric effects however prevent all three phenyl rings from achieving coplanarity simultaneously. Consequently diphenylmethane is even more acidic, because in its anion the charge is spread over two phenyl rings at the same time. The trityl anion is red. This colour can be used as an indicator in acid-base titrations.

The sodium salt can be prepared also from the chloride:[5]

(C6H5)3CCl + 2 Na → (C6H5)3CNa + NaCl

The use of tritylsodium as a strong, non-nucleophilic base has been eclipsed by the popularization of butyllithium and related strong bases.

 

 

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) (Blue 1) is a synthetic organic compound used primarily as a blue colorant for processed foods, medications, dietary supplements, and cosmetics.[1] Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is classified as a triarylmethane dye and is known under various names, such as FD&C Blue No. 1 or Acid Blue 9. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is denoted by E number E133 and has a color index of 42090. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) has the appearance of a blue powder and is soluble in water and glycerol,[2] with a maximum absorption at about 628 nanometers. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is one of the oldest FDA-approved color additives and is generally considered nontoxic and safe.

Production of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is synthetic dye produced by the condensation of 2-formylbenzenesulfonic acid and the appropriate aniline followed by oxidation.[4] Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) can be combined with tartrazine (E102) to produce various shades of green.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is usually a disodium salt. The diammonium salt has CAS number 3844-45-9. Calcium and potassium salts are also permitted. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) can also appear as an aluminum lake. The chemical formation is C37H34N2Na2O9S3.

Related dyes are C.I. acid green 3 (CAS#4680-78-8) and acid green 9 (CAS#4857-81-2). In these dyes, the 2-sulfonic acid group is replaced by H and Cl, respectively.

Many attempts have been made to find similarly colored natural dyes that are as stable as Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03). Blue pigments must possess many chemical traits, including pi-bond conjugation, aromatic rings, heteroatoms and heteroatom groups, and ionic charges in order to absorb low energy red light. Most natural blue dyes are either unstable, blue only in alkaline conditions, or toxic; good candidates for further research into use as natural dyes include anthocyanin and trichotomine derivatives. No replacement for Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) has been found for use in beverages.

Blue and red Jolly Rancher candy. The blue color is Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) dye

Applications of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)

Vodka with Blue Curaçao syrup

Like many other color additives, the primary use of Blue No. 1 is to correct or enhance natural coloring or to give colorless compounds a vivid hue.

In the United States, of the two approved blue dyes (the other being Indigo carmine, or FD&C Blue #2), Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is the more common of the two. As a blue color, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is often found in cotton candy, ice cream, canned processed peas, packet soups, bottled food colorings, icings, ice pops, blueberry flavored products, children’s medications, dairy products, sweets[8] soft drinks, and drinks, especially the liqueur Blue Curaçao. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is also used in soaps, shampoos, mouthwash[9] and other hygiene and cosmetics applications.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is extensively used as a water tracer agent.[10] Due to its ability to retain color for long periods of time, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) outperforms other dye tracers. Additionally, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) has a low toxicity level that is favorable for the environment. However, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) has different impacts on varying soils. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is attracted to and sorbed in acidic soils due to its large size and ionic charge. Soil composition and flow velocity also effect the level of sorption of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03).

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) dye within beverages items-such as soda-can be used in the blue bottle experiment. In such foods, both the dye and reducing agents are incorporated in the same solution. When the solution is blue, oxygen is present. On the addition of NaOH, a reaction occurs that removes the oxygen, turning the solution clear. The dye turns back to blue once it is reoxidized by swirling the solution, incorporating oxygen from the air as an oxidizing agent.

Health and safety of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)

In the United Kingdom, Smarties chocolates were colored with Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) (top) until 2008, later being replaced with a natural spirulina coloring (bottom).

The dye is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and 95% of the ingested dye can be found in the feces.

When applied to the tongue or shaved skin, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream.

Due to its nontoxic properties, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) has been used as a biological stain. When dissolved in an acidic medium, this dye has been used to stain cell walls, bacteria, and fungal cells. The dye does not inhibit the growth of any of these species.

For similar reasons, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is also being utilized in hemostatic medical devices, most notably the HEMOPATCH-designed to be placed on bleeding tissues and coagulate the blood. A low concentration of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is placed on the backside of the HEMOPATCH at 1 cm increments, allowing surgeons to cut precisely and indicate the side of the HEMOPATCH that is an active hemostatic agent for correct placement.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is an approved food colorant and pharmacologically inactive substance for drug formulations in the EU and the United States. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is also legal in other countries. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) has the capacity for inducing allergic reactions in individuals with pre-existing moderate asthma.[16] In 2003, the U.S. FDA issued a public health advisory to warn health care providers of the potential toxicity of this synthetic dye in enteral feeding solutions.[17] The following legal limits apply in the EU (E 131) and other countries: 150-300 mg/kg depending on the type of food. Safety limit for foods and drugs: 0.1 mg/day per kg body weight.[18] The ADI for Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is 6 mg/kg.

Biomedical research of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) and similar dyes such as Brilliant Blue G are inhibitors to purinergic receptors-receptors that are responsible for inflammatory responses and other cell process.

Scientists who were conducting in-vivo studies of compounds to lessen the severity of inflammation following experimental spinal cord injury had previously tested a compound called OxATP to block a key ATP receptor in spinal neurons. However, OxATP has toxic side effects and must be injected directly into the spinal cord; in searching for alternatives they noted that Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) has a similar structure. This led them to test a related dye, Brilliant Blue G (also known as Coomassie Brilliant Blue) in rats, which improved recovery from spinal cord injury while temporarily turning them blue.

When human washed platelets are evaluated using turbidimetry it was found that Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) affects platelet aggregation by blocking the Panx1 channels. These inhibitory effects on collagen-induced shape change and maximal aggregation were shown by high (1 mM) concentrations of the dye but not by lower concentrations (100 μM). The 1 mM effective concentration is 1.59 times greater than the approximately 0.63 mM maximal allowable Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) concentration according to the European Food Safety Authority.[21]

Scientists are performing studies to better understand the effects of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) during vein graft explantation. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) hinders the purinergic receptors, limiting cell proliferation that may lead to intimal hyperplasia. The effects of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) were tested on rat aortic cells. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) was found that Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) had a positive impact in limiting the development of intimal hyperplasia following a vein graft procedure.

 

 

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) consists essentially of disodium α-(4-(N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) phenyl)-α-(4-N-ethyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene) toluene-2-sulfonate and its isomers and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components.; Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.

The absorption, metabolism and excretion of (14)C-labelled Green S and Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) have been studied in the rat, mouse and guinea-pig. Following administration of a single oral dose of Green S at either 100 ug/kg or 10 mg/kg of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) at either 30 ug/kg or 3 mg/kg to male or female rats, substantially all of the dose was excreted unchanged in the feces within 72 hr. Pretreating male rats with unlabelled Green S or Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) in the diet (100 or 30 mg/kg day, respectively) for 21 days prior to dosing with (14)C-labelled coloring had no effect on the route of excretion or the time taken to eliminate all of the label. Similarly male mice and guinea-pigs excreted in the feces all of a single oral dose of Green S or Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03). The lack of absorption and metabolism of the labelled dye in the gastro-intestinal tract of all three species investigated was confirmed by studies using isolated loops of small intestine. It was shown that no radioactivity was taken up by the fetuses of pregnant rats given (14)C-labelled Green S or Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03).

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single dose (0.27 mg; 1.74 uCi) of the (14)C-labelled coloring by gavage. In bile-duct ligated rats, intestinal absorption of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) (estimated from urinary (14)C excretion, expired (14)CO2 and residual radioactivity in internal organs and tissues 96 hr after oral administration) averaged 2.05% of the dose. Mean fecal excretion was 97.28% and the total recovery of administered radioactivity was 99.38%. Intestinal absorption Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) in intact rats averaged only 0.27% (91% recovery), while biliary excretion in bile-duct cannulated animals averaged 1.32% of the dose. Thin-layer chromatography of urine and bile samples revealed that about 95% of excreted radioactivity was unaltered Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) and that about 5% was an unidentified metabolite or degradation product of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03). The results show that Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is poorly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract, and undergoes subsequent rapid and complete biliary excretion /of the absorbed compound/.

For Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 110301) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Residues of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: dye. Limit: Not more than 0.2% of pesticide formulation.

esidues of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: dye, coloring agent. 

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as an aquatic plant control agent.

Residues of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: dye. Limit: Not more than 0.2% of pesticide formulation.

 

 

Two cases of refractory shock and metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients are reported. The patients received Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) FCF added to enteral nutrition formulations in order to facilitate the detection of aspiration. … The dose did not exceed 0.7 mg/kg bw/day for the first patient and 2 mg/kg bw/day for the second one. … Although in healthy subjects absorption of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) FCF appears to be limited, critically ill patients have increased gastrointestinal permeability to Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) FCF secondary to enterocyte death and stress induced release of neuro-endocrine factors in the intestinal epithelium.

Acute Exposure/ Groups of 5 young rats were given injections of /Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)/ subcutaneously twice daily for three days. The rats were killed on the fourth day. /Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)/ was administered in aqueous solution at a level of 250 mg/kg body weight each injection. No estrogenic activity was detected. No other abnormalities were found.

Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Parenteral injection into cats of /Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)/ a 5 % aqueous solution, 1.0 g on the first day and 0.1 g from the ninth to the eighteenth day, did not produce methemoglobinemia or Heinz bodies.

Two cases of refractory shock and metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients are reported. The patients received Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) FCF added to enteral nutrition formulations in order to facilitate the detection of aspiration. … The dose did not exceed 0.7 mg/kg bw/day for the first patient and 2 mg/kg bw/day for the second one. … Although in healthy subjects absorption of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) FCF appears to be limited, critically ill patients have increased gastrointestinal permeability to Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) FCF secondary to enterocyte death and stress induced release of neuro-endocrine factors in the intestinal epithelium.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)’s production and use as a color additive in foods, drugs,cosmetics, and in lavoratory freshners or flushing water may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use in aquatic plant control will result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) will exist solely in the particulate phase in the atmosphere since it is a salt and will be nonvolatile. Particulate-phase Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) will be removed from the atmosphere by wet or dry deposition. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm, and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight; it has an absorption maximum of 630 nm. If released to soil, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is expected to be mobile; this compound is expected to exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. If released into water, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon this compound’s ionic nature in the environment. Activated sludge and chemical precipitation treatment of wastewater containing anionic dyes resulted in dye removal efficiencies of less than 25% for Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03), suggesting that biodegradation is not expected to be an important environmental fate process. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon the ionic character of the compound. The potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low based on the ionic character of the compound. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) via ingestion of food, beverages, and drug products that contain this color additive, and dermal contact with cosmetics and other consumer products that use this compound.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)’s production and use as a color additive in foods, drugs, cosmetics(1) and in lavaoratory freshners or flushing water(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use in aquatic plant control(3) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

 

 

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is expected to be mobile in soil(SRC). This compound is expected to exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(1). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces because it is a salt and salts do not volatilize(SRC). Activated sludge and chemical precipitation treatment of wastewater containing anionic dyes resulted in dye removal efficiencies of less than 25% for Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)(2), suggesting that biodegradation in soils is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). This compound will almost entirely exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(1). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(2) based on its expected ionic character in the environment. The potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is expected to be low, based on the ionic character of the compound(SRC). Activated sludge and chemical precipitation treatment of wastewater containing anionic dyes resulted in dye removal efficiencies of less than 25% for Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)(3), suggesting that biodegradation in water is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03), a salt, is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere because salts are nonvolatile(SRC). Particulate-phase Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight; its absorption maximum is 630 nm(2).

AEROBIC: Activated sludge and chemical precipitation treatment of wastewater containing anionic dyes resulted in dye removal efficiencies of less than 25% for Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03)(1), suggesting that biodegradation is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight; the absorption maximum is 630 nm(2).

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) may undergo photo-oxidation in natural water when exposed to sunlight; the Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) structure contains olefinic bonds and aromatic amines that are susceptible to photo-oxidants (hydroxyl and peroxy radicals) in natural water(1). Based upon the functional groups, half-lives of 1-13 days are possible, given full sunlight at the water’s surface(1).

The ionic character of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) indicates that the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is expected to be low. 

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is expected to be mobile in soil; this compound will almost entirely exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(1).

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces; this compound is expected to exist as an anion in the environment, and therefore volatilization from moist soil is not expected because anions do not volatilize. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces because it is a salt and is nonvolatile. 

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) was detected in sewage effluents in Japan(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 57,876 workers (30,139 of these were female) were potentially exposed to Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (DUASYN ACID BLUE AE 03) via ingestion of food and drug products containing this colorant, and dermal contact with consumer products such as cosmetics and textiles that contain this compound(SRC).

 

 

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03

 

 

AST MAV 9. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, çözünür bir boyadr. Suda çözünür toz boya olarak mevcuttur. Sulu solüsyonda yüksek renklendirme gücü, yüksek parlaklk ve effaflk ve suda iyi stabilite sergiler. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 kiisel bakm ve kozmetikte kullanlmaktadr. CI 42090.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE likit, kuma ve ev bakm ürünleri ile endüstriyel ve kurumsal temizleyicilerin renklendirilmesi için önerilen su bazl bir likit boyadr. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, krtasiye, gübre ve bitki koruma uygulamalarnn renklendirilmesi için de uygundur.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün Faydalar

Yüksek effaflk ve parlaklk

Sulu solüsyonlarda yüksek renklendirme gücü

Mikrobiyolojik saflk belirlenir

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 Üretim Yöntemleri: 2-Formilbenzensülfonik asit ve 3- (Etil (fenil) amino) metil) benzensülfonik asit kondensasyonu, oksidasyonu ve ardndan ürünü amonyum tuzu veya sodyum tuzu haline.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün Özellikleri ve Uygulamalar: renkli yeil açk mavi. 50 g / L’lik 90 ℃ suda çözünürlüü olan suda çözünür, etanolde çözünür. Portakaldaki güçlü sülfürik asit, daha sonra sarms seyreltilir. Sulu çözelti yeil açk mavi boyadr, renksiz göründükten sonra sodyum hidroksit ekleyin ve koyu mor bir çökeltiniz olur. Bakr, demir iyonuna duyarl, boyama dikkat etmeli veya renkli etkilemelidir. Yün, ipek, naylon ile yün karml kuma boyama ve bask için kullanlr. Gda boyas olarak da kullanlabilen organik pigmentler, kat gölgeleme ve anti-salgn alan için de kullanlabilir, deri renginde de kullanlabilir.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, deterjanlarn ve temizleyicilerin renklendirilmesi için seçilmi bir asit boyadr. Krtasiye malzemeleri, gübre ve bitki koruma için de uygundur.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE likit, kuma ve ev bakm ürünleri ile endüstriyel ve kurumsal temizleyicilerin renklendirilmesi için önerilen su bazl bir likit boyadr. Krtasiye, gübre ve bitki koruma uygulamalarnn renklendirilmesi için de uygundur.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 veya trifenil metan, (C6H5) 3CH formülüne sahip hidrokarbondur. Bu renksiz kat, polar olmayan organik çözücüler içinde çözünür, suda deil. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, triarilmetan boyalar ad verilen birçok sentetik boyann temel iskeletidir, çou pH göstergeleridir ve bazlar floresan gösterir. Organik kimyadaki bir tritil grubu, bir trifenilmetil grubu Ph3C’dir, ör. trifenilmetil klorür (tritil klorür) ve trifenilmetil radikali (tritil radikali).

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün Hazrlanmas

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 ilk olarak 1872’de Alman kimyager August Kekulé ve Belçikal örencisi Antoine Paul Nicolas Franchimont (1844-1919) tarafndan difenilmercury’yi (Hg (C6H5) 2, Quecksilberdiphenyl) benzal klorürle (C6H5CHCl2, Benzililenklorid) starak sentezlendi.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, alüminyum klorür katalizörü ile benzen ve kloroformdan Friedel – Crafts reaksiyonu ile sentezlenebilir:

3 C6H6 + CHCl3 → Ph3CH + 3 HCl

Alternatif olarak, benzen, seyreltik asit ile hidrolize edilen trifenilmetil klorür-alüminyum klorür eklentisini elde etmek için ayn katalizörü kullanarak karbon tetraklorür ile reaksiyona girebilir: [3]

3 C6H6 + CCl4 + AlCl3 → Ph3CCl · AlCl3

Ph3CCl · AlCl3 + HCl → Ph3CH

Benzaldehit ve fosfor pentaklorürden hazrlanan benziliden klorürden sentez de kullanlr.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 Asitlii

PKa 33.3’tür. [4] Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, dier hidrokarbonlarn çoundan önemli ölçüde daha asidiktir çünkü yük üç fenil halkas üzerinde yer deitirir. Bununla birlikte, steril etkiler, üç fenil halkasnn hepsinin ayn anda e düzlemsellie ulamasn engeller. Sonuç olarak difenilmetan daha da asidiktir, çünkü anyonunda yük ayn anda iki fenil halkasna yaylr. Tritil anyonu krmzdr. Bu renk asit-baz titrasyonlarnda bir gösterge olarak kullanlabilir.

Sodyum tuzu ayrca klorürden de hazrlanabilir: [5]

(C6H5) 3CCl + 2 Na → (C6H5) 3CNa + NaCl

Tritilsodyumun kuvvetli, nükleofilik olmayan bir baz olarak kullanm, butillityumun ve ilgili güçlü bazlarn popülerlemesi ile gölgede kalmtr.

 

 

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (Mavi 1), esas olarak ilenmi gdalar, ilaçlar, besin takviyeleri ve kozmetikler için mavi renklendirici olarak kullanlan sentetik bir organik bileiktir. [1] Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, triarilmetan boyas olarak snflandrlr ve FD&C Blue No. 1 veya Acid Blue 9 gibi çeitli isimler altnda bilinir. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, E numaras E133 ile gösterilir ve 42090 renk indeksine sahiptir. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, mavi bir toz görünümündedir ve su ve gliserol içinde çözünür, [2] yaklak 628 nanometrede maksimum absorpsiyon ile. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, FDA onayl en eski renk katk maddelerinden biridir ve genellikle toksik olmad ve güvenli olduu kabul edilir.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 Üretimi

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, 2-formilbenzensülfonik asit ve uygun anilinin younlatrlmas ve ardndan oksidasyon ile üretilen sentetik bir boyadr. [4] Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, çeitli yeil tonlar üretmek için tartrazin (E102) ile birletirilebilir.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 genellikle bir disodyum tuzudur. Diamonyum tuzunun CAS numaras 3844-45-9’dur. Kalsiyum ve potasyum tuzlarna da izin verilir. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, alüminyum bir göl olarak da görünebilir. Kimyasal oluum C37H34N2Na2O9S3’tür.

lgili boyalar C.I. asit yeili 3 (CAS # 4680-78-8) ve asit yeili 9 (CAS # 4857-81-2). Bu boyalarda, 2-sülfonik asit grubu srasyla H ve Cl ile deitirilir.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 kadar stabil olan benzer renkte doal boyalar bulmak için birçok giriimde bulunulmutur. Mavi pigmentler, pi-ba konjugasyonu, aromatik halkalar, heteroatomlar ve heteroatom gruplar ve iyonik yükler dahil olmak üzere birçok kimyasal özellie sahip olmaldr. Düük enerjili krmz emer. Doal mavi boyalarn çou ya kararszdr, yalnzca alkali koullarda mavidir ya da toksiktir; doal boyalar olarak kullanm için daha fazla aratrma yapmak için iyi adaylar arasnda antosiyanin ve trikotomin türevleri bulunur. çeceklerde kullanm için Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 yerine hiçbir ey bulunmamtr.

Mavi ve krmz Jolly Rancher ekeri. Mavi renk Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 boyadr

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 Uygulamalar

Blue Curaçao uruplu votka

Dier birçok renk katk maddesi gibi, Mavi No. 1’in birincil kullanm, doal rengi düzeltmek veya gelitirmek ya da renksiz bileiklere canl bir ton vermektir.

Amerika Birleik Devletleri’nde, iki onayl mavi boyadan (dieri Indigo carmine veya FD&C Blue # 2) Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, ikisinden daha yaygn olandr. Mavi bir renk olarak Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 genellikle pamuk eker, dondurma, konserve ilenmi bezelye, paket çorbalar, ielenmi gda boyalar, kremalar, buz patlamalar, yaban mersini aromal ürünler, çocuk ilaçlar, süt ürünleri, tatllarda bulunur [8] alkolsüz içecekler ve içecekler, özellikle likör Blue Curaçao. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 ayrca sabunlar, ampuanlar, gargaralar [9] ve dier hijyen ve kozmetik uygulamalarnda kullanlr.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, su izleyici ajan olarak yaygn ekilde kullanlmaktadr. [10] Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, rengi uzun süre muhafaza edebilmesi nedeniyle dier boya izleyicilerden daha iyi performans gösterir. Ek olarak, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, çevre için uygun olan düük bir toksisite seviyesine sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, deien topraklarda farkl etkilere sahiptir. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, büyüklüü ve iyonik yükü nedeniyle asidik topraklarda çekilir ve emilir. Toprak bileimi ve ak hz, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün sourma seviyesini de etkiler.

Soda gibi içeceklerin içindeki Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 boyas mavi ie deneyinde kullanlabilir. Bu tür gdalarda, hem boya hem de indirgeme ajanlar ayn solüsyona dahil edilir. Çözelti mavi olduunda oksijen mevcuttur. NaOH ilavesiyle, oksijeni uzaklatran ve çözeltiyi berraklatran bir reaksiyon meydana gelir. Çözelti döndürülerek yeniden oksitlendiinde boya, havadaki oksijeni bir oksitleyici ajan olarak birletirerek maviye döner.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün sal ve güvenlii

Birleik Krallk’ta, Smarties çikolatalar 2008 ylna kadar Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (üstte) ile renklendirildi, daha sonra doal spirulina rengi (altta) ile deitirildi.

Boya, gastrointestinal sistemden zayf bir ekilde emilir ve yutulan boyann% 95’i dkda bulunabilir.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, dile veya tralanm cilde uygulandnda dorudan kan dolamna emilebilir.

Toksik olmayan özelliklerinden dolay Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 biyolojik bir leke olarak kullanlmtr. Asidik bir ortamda çözüldüünde, bu boya hücre duvarlarn, bakterileri ve mantar hücrelerini boyamak için kullanlmtr. Boya, bu türlerden herhangi birinin büyümesini engellemez.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, benzer nedenlerle hemostatik tbbi cihazlarda, özellikle de kanayan dokulara yerletirilmek ve kan phtlatrmak için tasarlanm HEMOPATCH’da kullanlmaktadr. Düük konsantrasyonda Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, HEMOPATCH’un arka tarafna 1 cm’lik artlarla yerletirilerek cerrahlarn hassas bir ekilde kesim yapmasna ve HEMOPATCH’n doru yerletirme için aktif hemostatik ajan olan tarafn göstermesine olanak tanr.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, AB ve Amerika Birleik Devletleri’nde ilaç formülasyonlar için onaylanm bir gda renklendiricisi ve farmakolojik olarak inaktif maddedir. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, dier ülkelerde de yasaldr. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, önceden orta derecede astm olan kiilerde alerjik reaksiyonlar tetikleme kapasitesine sahiptir. [16] 2003 ylnda ABD FDA, salk hizmeti salayclarn bu sentetik boyann enteral beslenme solüsyonlarndaki potansiyel toksisitesi konusunda uyarmak için bir halk sal tavsiyesi yaynlad. [17] AB (E 131) ve dier ülkelerde aadaki yasal snrlar geçerlidir: Yiyecek türüne bal olarak 150-300 mg / kg. Gdalar ve ilaçlar için güvenlik snr: kg vücut arl bana 0.1 mg / gün. [18] Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 için ADI 6 mg / kg’dr.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün biyomedikal aratrmas

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 ve Brilliant Blue G gibi benzer boyalar, inflamatuar yantlardan ve dier hücre ilemlerinden sorumlu olan purinerjik reseptörlerin inhibitörleridir.

Deneysel omurilik yaralanmasnn ardndan iltihaplanmann iddetini azaltmak için bileikler üzerinde in vivo çalmalar yürüten bilim adamlar, daha önce, omurilik nöronlarnda önemli bir ATP reseptörünü bloke etmek için OxATP adl bir bileii test etmilerdi. Bununla birlikte, OxATP’nin toksik yan etkileri vardr ve dorudan omurilie enjekte edilmelidir; alternatifleri ararken Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün benzer bir yapya sahip olduunu belirttiler. Bu, farelerde geçici olarak maviye dönerken omurilik hasarndan iyilemeyi iyiletiren ilgili bir boya olan Brilliant Blue G’yi (Coomassie Brilliant Blue olarak da bilinir) test etmelerine yol açt.

nsan tarafndan ykanan trombositler türbidimetre kullanlarak deerlendirildiinde, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün Panx1 kanallarn bloke ederek trombosit agregasyonunu etkiledii bulunmutur. Kolajenin neden olduu ekil deiiklii ve maksimum agregasyon üzerindeki bu inhibitör etkiler, boyann yüksek (1 mM) konsantrasyonlar ile gösterilmitir, ancak daha düük konsantrasyonlarda (100 uM) gösterilmemitir. 1 mM etkili konsantrasyon, Avrupa Gda Güvenlii Otoritesine göre yaklak 0,63 mM izin verilen maksimum Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 konsantrasyonundan 1,59 kat daha fazladr. [21]

Bilim adamlar, damar grefti eksplantasyonu srasnda Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün etkilerini daha iyi anlamak için çalmalar yapyorlar. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, purinerjik reseptörleri engelleyerek intimal hiperplaziye yol açabilecek hücre proliferasyonunu snrlar. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün etkileri sçan aort hücreleri üzerinde test edildi. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün bir ven greft prosedürünü takiben intimal hiperplazi geliimini snrlandrmada olumlu bir etkisi olduu bulundu.

 

 

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, esas olarak disodyum α- (4- (N-etil-3-sülfonatobenzilamino) fenil) -α- (4-N-etil-3-sülfonatobenzilamino) sikloheksa-2,5-dieniliden) toluen-2’den oluur – balca renksiz bileenler olarak sodyum klorür ve / veya sodyum sülfat ile birlikte sülfonat ve izomerleri ve yardmc renklendirici maddeler; Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, sodyum tuzu olarak tanmlanmaktadr. Kalsiyum ve potasyum tuzuna da izin verilir.

(14) C-etiketli Green S ve Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün absorpsiyonu, metabolizmas ve atlm, sçan, fare ve kobayda incelenmitir. Erkek veya dii sçanlara 100 ug / kg veya 10 mg / kg Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün 30 ug / kg veya 3 mg / kg’da tek bir oral Green S dozunun uygulanmasn takiben, dozun hemen hemen tamam 72 saat içinde deimeden dk ile atlr. (14) C-etiketli renklendirme ile dozlamadan 21 gün önce diyette etiketsiz Green S veya Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (srasyla 100 veya 30 mg / kg gün) ile ön ileme tabi tutmann boaltm yolu üzerinde hiçbir etkisi olmamtr veya tüm etiketi ortadan kaldrmak için geçen süre. Benzer ekilde erkek fareler ve kobaylar, Green S veya Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün tek bir oral dozunun tümü dk ile atlr. Aratrlan üç türün gastro-intestinal kanalnda etiketlenmi boyann absorpsiyon ve metabolizma eksiklii dorulanmtr. zole ince barsak ilmeklerini kullanan çalmalarla. (14) C-etiketli Green S veya Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 verilen hamile sçanlarn fetüsleri tarafndan radyoaktivite alnmad gösterilmitir.

Dii Sprague-Dawley farelerine tek bir doz (0.27 mg; 1.74 uCi) sonda ile (14) C-etiketli renklendirme verildi. Safra kanal bal sçanlarda, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün intestinal absorpsiyonu (oral uygulamadan 96 saat sonra idrar (14) C atlm, süresi dolan (14) CO2 ve iç organlarda ve dokularda artk radyoaktivite) ortalama dozun% 2.05’ini oluturuyordu. . Ortalama fekal atlm% 97.28 ve uygulanan radyoaktivitenin toplam geri kazanm% 99.38 idi. Barsak absorpsiyonu Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, intakt sçanlarda sadece ortalama% 0.27 (% 91 geri kazanm) iken, safra kanal kanüle edilmi hayvanlarda safra atlm dozun ortalama% 1.32’sini oluturdu. drar ve safra örneklerinin ince tabakal kromatografisi, atlan radyoaktivitenin yaklak% 95’inin deimemi Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 olduunu ve yaklak% 5’inin Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün tanmlanamayan bir metaboliti veya bozunma ürünü olduunu ortaya çkarmtr. Sonuçlar, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, gastrointestinal sistemden zayf bir ekilde absorbe edilir ve daha sonra absorbe edilen bileiin / hzl ve tam safra atlmna urar.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 için (USEPA / OPP Pestisit Kodu: 110301) Etiket elemeleri olan AKTF ürünler. / SRP: ABD’de kullanm için tescillidir, ancak onaylanm pestisit kullanmlar periyodik olarak deiebilir ve bu nedenle u anda onaylanm kullanmlar için federal, eyalet ve yerel makamlara danlmaldr. /

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 kalntlar, hasattan sonra büyüyen mahsullere veya ham tarmsal ürünlere uygulanan pestisit formülasyonlarnda inert (veya bazen aktif) bileenler olarak iyi tarm uygulamalarna uygun olarak kullanldnda tolerans gerekliliinden muaftr. Kullanm: boya. Limit: Pestisit formülasyonunun en fazla% 0.2’si.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün esidleri, hayvanlara uygulanan pestisit formülasyonlarnda inert (veya bazen aktif) bileenler olarak iyi tarm uygulamasna göre kullanldnda tolerans gerekliliinden muaftr. Kullanm: boya, renklendirici.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, sucul bitki kontrol ajan olarak kullanldnda tolerans gerekliliinden muaftr.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 kalntlar, hasattan sonra büyüyen mahsullere veya ham tarmsal ürünlere uygulanan pestisit formülasyonlarnda inert (veya bazen aktif) bileenler olarak iyi tarm uygulamalarna uygun olarak kullanldnda tolerans gerekliliinden muaftr. Kullanm: boya. Limit: Pestisit formülasyonunun en fazla% 0.2’si.

 

 

Kritik hastalarda iki refrakter ok ve metabolik asidoz vakas bildirilmitir. Aspirasyon tespitini kolaylatrmak için hastalara enteral beslenme formülasyonlarna eklenen Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 FCF verildi. … Doz, ilk hasta için 0.7 mg / kg canl arlk / gün ve ikinci hasta için 2 mg / kg canl arlk / gün’ü geçmemitir. … Salkl deneklerde Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 FCF’nin absorpsiyonu snrl gibi görünse de, kritik hastalarda Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 FCF’ye gastrointestinal geçirgenlik artm ve barsakta stres kaynakl nöro-endokrin faktör salm epitel.

Akut Maruz Kalma / 5 genç sçandan oluan gruplara, üç gün boyunca günde iki kez / Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 / deri altndan enjeksiyonlar yaplmtr. Sçanlar dördüncü günde öldürüldü. / Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 /, her enjeksiyonda 250 mg / kg vücut arl seviyesinde sulu çözelti içinde uyguland. Östrojenik aktivite tespit edilmedi. Baka hiçbir anormallik bulunamad.

/ Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 / kedilere Subkronik veya Prechronic Maruziyet / Parenteral enjeksiyon, ilk gün 1.0 g ve dokuzuncu ila on sekizinci gün arasnda 0.1 g% 5 sulu çözelti, methemoglobinemi veya Heinz cisimcikleri üretmedi.

Kritik hastalarda iki refrakter ok ve metabolik asidoz vakas bildirilmitir. Aspirasyon tespitini kolaylatrmak için hastalara enteral beslenme formülasyonlarna eklenen Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 FCF verildi. … Doz, ilk hasta için 0.7 mg / kg canl arlk / gün ve ikinci hasta için 2 mg / kg canl arlk / gün’ü geçmemitir. … Salkl deneklerde Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 FCF’nin absorpsiyonu snrl gibi görünse de, kritik hastalarda Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 FCF’ye gastrointestinal geçirgenlik artm ve barsakta stres kaynakl nöro-endokrin faktör salm epitel.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün gdalarda, ilaçlarda, kozmetiklerde ve lavoratory temizleyicilerde veya sifon suyunda renk katk maddesi olarak üretimi ve kullanm, çeitli atk aklar yoluyla çevreye salnmasna neden olabilir. Sucul bitki kontrolünde kullanlmas, dorudan çevreye salnmasna neden olacaktr. Havaya braklrsa, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 bir tuz olduu ve uçucu olmayaca için atmosferde yalnzca partikül faznda var olacaktr. Partikül fazl Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, slak veya kuru biriktirme ile atmosferden uzaklatrlacaktr. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03,> 290 nm dalga boylarnda absorbe eden kromoforlar içerir ve bu nedenle güne nda dorudan fotolize duyarl olabilir; maksimum 630 nm absorpsiyona sahiptir. Topraa braklrsa, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün hareketli olmas beklenir; bu bileiin çevrede neredeyse tamamen anyon formunda var olmas beklenir ve anyonlar genellikle organik karbon ve kil içeren topraklara nötr emsallerinden daha güçlü adsorbe etmez. Nemli toprak yüzeylerinden buharlamann önemli bir kader süreci olmas beklenmemektedir çünkü bileik bir anyon olarak mevcuttur ve anyonlar uçucu deildir. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün suya salnd takdirde, bu bileiin ortamdaki iyonik yapsna bal olarak askda katlara ve tortulara adsorbe olmas beklenmez. Aktif çamur ve anyonik boyalar içeren atk suyun kimyasal çökeltme ilemi, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 için% 25’ten daha az boya çkarma verimi ile sonuçland, bu da biyolojik bozunmann önemli bir çevresel kader süreci olmasnn beklenmediini düündürdü. Su yüzeylerinden buharlamann, bileiin iyonik karakterine dayal önemli bir kader süreci olmas beklenmemektedir. Sudaki organizmalardaki biyokonsantrasyon potansiyeli, bileiin iyonik karakterine bal olarak düüktür. Hidrolizin önemli bir çevresel kader süreci olmas beklenmemektedir çünkü bu bileik, çevresel koullar altnda hidrolize olan fonksiyonel gruplardan yoksundur. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’e mesleki maruziyet, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün üretildii veya kullanld iyerlerinde bu bileik ile dermal temas yoluyla meydana gelebilir. Kullanm verileri, genel popülasyonun, bu renk katk maddesini içeren yiyecek, içecek ve ilaç ürünlerinin yutulmas ve bu bileii kullanan kozmetikler ve dier tüketici ürünleriyle deri temas yoluyla Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’e maruz kalabileceini göstermektedir.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün gdalarda, ilaçlarda, kozmetiklerde (1) ve lavabo temizleyicilerinde veya ykama suyunda (2) renk katk maddesi olarak üretimi ve kullanm, çeitli atk aklar (SRC) yoluyla çevreye salnmasna neden olabilir. Sucul bitki kontrolünde (3) kullanlmas, dorudan çevreye (SRC) salnmasyla sonuçlanacaktr.

 

 

KARASAL KADER: Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün toprakta (SRC) hareketli olmas bekleniyor. Bu bileiin çevrede neredeyse tamamen anyon formunda var olmas beklenir ve anyonlar genellikle organik karbon ve kil içeren topraklara nötr muadillerine göre daha güçlü adsorbe etmezler (1). Nemli topraktan buharlama beklenmemektedir çünkü bileik bir anyon olarak mevcuttur ve anyonlar uçucu deildir. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün kuru toprak yüzeylerinden uçmas beklenmemektedir çünkü bir tuzdur ve tuzlar uçucu deildir (SRC). Aktif çamur ve anyonik boyalar içeren atk suyun kimyasal çökeltme ilemi, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (2) için% 25’ten daha az boya çkarma verimi ile sonuçland, bu da topraktaki biyolojik bozunmann önemli bir çevresel kader süreci (SRC) olmasnn beklenmediini düündürdü.

AQUATIC FATE: Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün askda katlara ve tortuya (SRC) adsorbe olmas beklenmemektedir. Bu bileik, çevrede neredeyse tamamen anyon formunda bulunacaktr ve anyonlar genellikle organik karbon ve kil içeren topraklara nötr muadillerinden daha kuvvetli adsorbe olmazlar (1). Ortamdaki beklenen iyonik karakterine bal olarak su yüzeylerinden buharlama beklenmemektedir (2). Sudaki organizmalardaki biyokonsantrasyon potansiyelinin, bileiin (SRC) iyonik karakterine bal olarak düük olmas beklenmektedir. Aktif çamur ve anyonik boyalar içeren atk suyun kimyasal çökeltme ilemi, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (3) için% 25’ten daha az boya çkarma verimi ile sonuçland, bu da sudaki biyolojik bozunmann önemli bir çevresel kader süreci (SRC) olmas beklenmediini gösteriyor.

ATMOSFERK KADER: Atmosferdeki yar uçucu organik bileiklerin bir gaz / partikül bölünmesi modeline göre (1), bir tuz olan Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün ortam atmosferinde yalnzca partikül faznda bulunmas beklenmektedir çünkü tuzlar uçucu deildir ( SRC). Partikül fazl Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, slak veya kuru biriktirme (SRC) ile havadan uzaklatrlabilir. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, güne nda dorudan fotolize duyarl olabilir; maksimum absorpsiyonu 630 nm’dir (2).

AEROBIC: Aktif çamur ve anyonik boyalar içeren atk suyun kimyasal çökeltme ilemi, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (1) için% 25’ten daha az boya çkarma verimi ile sonuçland, bu da biyolojik bozunmann önemli bir çevresel kader süreci (SRC) olmas beklenmediini gösteriyor.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün, çevresel koullar altnda hidrolize olan fonksiyonel gruplarn olmamas nedeniyle ortamda hidrolize uramas beklenmemektedir (1). Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, güne nda dorudan fotolize duyarl olabilir; maksimum absorpsiyon 630 nm’dir (2).

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, güne na maruz kaldnda doal suda foto-oksidasyona urayabilir; Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 yaps, doal sudaki foto-oksidanlara (hidroksil ve peroksi radikalleri) duyarl olefinik balar ve aromatik aminler içerir (1). Fonksiyonel gruplara bal olarak, su yüzeyinde tam güne verildiinde 1-13 günlük yar ömür mümkündür (1).

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün iyonik karakteri, suda yaayan organizmalardaki biyokonsantrasyon potansiyelinin düük olmasnn beklendiini gösterir.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün toprakta hareketli olmas beklenmektedir; bu bileik çevrede neredeyse tamamen anyon formunda bulunacaktr ve anyonlar genellikle organik karbon ve kil içeren topraklara nötr emsallerinden daha güçlü adsorbe olmazlar (1).

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün esasen su yüzeylerinden uçucu olmamas beklenmektedir; bu bileiin çevrede bir anyon olarak var olmas beklenir ve bu nedenle nemli topraktan buharlama beklenmez çünkü anyonlar uçucu deildir. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün bir tuz olmas ve uçucu olmamas nedeniyle kuru toprak yüzeylerinden uçmas beklenmemektedir.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, Japonya’daki atk sularda tespit edildi (1).

2006 TSCA Envanter Güncelleme Raporlama verilerine göre, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün endüstriyel üretimi, ilenmesi ve kullanmnda maruz kalmas makul olarak muhtemel kii says 1 ila 99; veriler büyük ölçüde küçümsenebilir (1).

NIOSH (NOES Aratrmas 1981-1983), istatistiksel olarak, 57,876 içinin (bunlarn 30,139’u kadndr) ABD’de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’e potansiyel olarak maruz kaldn tahmin etmitir (1). Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’e mesleki maruziyet, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’ün üretildii veya kullanld iyerlerinde bu bileik ile dermal temas yoluyla meydana gelebilir. Kullanm verileri, genel popülasyonun, bu renklendiriciyi içeren gda ve ilaç ürünlerinin yutulmas ve bu bileii (SRC) içeren kozmetikler ve tekstil ürünleri gibi tüketici ürünleri ile dermal temas yoluyla Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03’e maruz kalabileceini göstermektedir.

 

 

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03

 

 

ACID BLUE 9. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est un colorant soluble. Disponible sous forme de colorant en poudre soluble dans l’eau. Présente un pouvoir colorant élevé, une brillance et une transparence élevées en solution aqueuse et une bonne stabilité dans l’eau. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est utilisé dans les soins personnels et les cosmétiques. CI 42090.

Le liquide Duasyn Acid Blue AE est un colorant liquide à base d’eau qui est recommandé pour la coloration des tissus et des produits d’entretien ménager et des nettoyants industriels et institutionnels. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 convient également pour la coloration des applications de papeterie, d’engrais et de protection des cultures.

Avantages de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03

Transparence et brillance élevées

Fort pouvoir colorant dans les solutions aqueuses

La pureté microbiologique est spécifiée

Méthodes de fabrication de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03: condensation, oxydation de l’acide 2-formylbenzènesulfonique et de l’acide 3- (éthyl (phényl) amino) méthyl) benzènesulfonique, puis le produit en sel d’ammonium ou sel de sodium.

Propriétés et applications de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03: coloré vert bleu clair. Poudre de violette, soluble dans l’eau, à 90 ℃ de solubilité dans l’eau de 50 g / L, soluble dans l’éthanol. L’acide sulfurique fort en orange, se dilue jaunâtre plus tard. La solution aqueuse est un colorant vert bleu clair, ajoutez de l’hydroxyde de sodium après qu’elle soit incolore et vous avez une précipitation violet foncé. Bonne planéité, le sexe blanc est meilleur, pour le cuivre, sensible aux ions de fer, la teinture doit faire attention ou influencer la lumière colorée. Ce produit est utilisé pour la laine, la soie, le nylon avec la teinture et l’impression de tissus en laine mélangée. Peut également être utilisé comme colorants alimentaires et pigments organiques, également utilisés pour l’ombrage du papier et le champ anti-épidémique, peuvent également être utilisés dans la couleur du cuir.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est un colorant acide sélectionné pour la coloration des détergents et des nettoyants. Convient également pour la papeterie, les engrais et la protection des cultures.

Le liquide Duasyn Acid Blue AE est un colorant liquide à base d’eau qui est recommandé pour la coloration des tissus et des produits d’entretien ménager et des nettoyants industriels et institutionnels. Il convient également à la coloration des applications de papeterie, d’engrais et de protection des cultures.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, ou triphényl méthane, est l’hydrocarbure de formule (C6H5) 3CH. Ce solide incolore est soluble dans les solvants organiques non polaires et non dans l’eau. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est le squelette de base de nombreux colorants synthétiques appelés colorants triarylméthane, dont beaucoup sont des indicateurs de pH et certains présentent une fluorescence. Un groupe trityle en chimie organique est un groupe triphénylméthyle Ph3C, par ex. le chlorure de triphénylméthyle (chlorure de trityle) et le radical triphénylméthyle (radical trityle).

Préparation de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 a été synthétisé pour la première fois en 1872 par le chimiste allemand August Kekulé et son étudiant belge Antoine Paul Nicolas Franchimont (1844-1919) en chauffant du diphénylmercure (Hg (C6H5) 2, Quecksilberdiphényl) avec du chlorure de benzal (C6H5CHCl2, Benzylenchlorid).

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 peut être synthétisé par réaction de Friedel – Crafts à partir de benzène et de chloroforme avec un catalyseur au chlorure d’aluminium:

3 C6H6 + CHCl3 → Ph3CH + 3 HCl

Le benzène peut également réagir avec le tétrachlorure de carbone en utilisant le même catalyseur pour obtenir le produit d’addition chlorure de triphénylméthyle-chlorure d’aluminium, qui est hydrolysé avec un acide dilué:

3 C6H6 + CCl4 + AlCl3 → Ph3CCl · AlCl3

Ph3CCl · AlCl3 + HCl → Ph3CH

La synthèse à partir du chlorure de benzylidène, préparé à partir de benzaldéhyde et de pentachlorure de phosphore, est également utilisée.

Acidité du Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03

Le pKa est de 33,3. [4] Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est nettement plus acide que la plupart des autres hydrocarbures car la charge est délocalisée sur trois cycles phényle. Les effets stériques empêchent cependant les trois anneaux phényle d’atteindre la coplanarité simultanément. Par conséquent, le diphénylméthane est encore plus acide, car dans son anion la charge est répartie sur deux cycles phényle en même temps. L’anion trityl est rouge. Cette couleur peut être utilisée comme indicateur dans les titrages acide-base.

Le sel de sodium peut également être préparé à partir du chlorure: [5]

(C6H5) 3CCl + 2 Na → (C6H5) 3CNa + NaCl

L’utilisation du tritylsodium comme base forte non nucléophile a été éclipsée par la popularisation du butyllithium et des bases fortes apparentées.

 

 

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (Blue 1) est un composé organique synthétique utilisé principalement comme colorant bleu pour les aliments transformés, les médicaments, les compléments alimentaires et les cosmétiques. [1] Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est classé comme un colorant triarylméthane et est connu sous divers noms, tels que FD&C Blue No. 1 ou Acid Blue 9. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est désigné par le numéro E E133 et a un indice de couleur de 42090. Duasyn L’Acid Blue AE 03 a l’apparence d’une poudre bleue et est soluble dans l’eau et le glycérol, [2] avec une absorption maximale à environ 628 nanomètres. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est l’un des plus anciens additifs de couleur approuvés par la FDA et est généralement considéré comme non toxique et sûr.

Production de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est un colorant synthétique produit par condensation d’acide 2-formylbenzènesulfonique et de l’aniline appropriée suivie d’une oxydation. [4] Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 peut être combiné avec la tartrazine (E102) pour produire diverses nuances de vert.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est généralement un sel disodique. Le sel de diammonium porte le numéro CAS 3844-45-9. Les sels de calcium et de potassium sont également autorisés. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 peut également apparaître sous forme de laque d’aluminium. La formation chimique est C37H34N2Na2O9S3.

Les colorants apparentés sont C.I. vert acide 3 (CAS # 4680-78-8) et vert acide 9 (CAS # 4857-81-2). Dans ces colorants, le groupe acide 2-sulfonique est remplacé par H et Cl, respectivement.

De nombreuses tentatives ont été faites pour trouver des colorants naturels de couleur similaire qui sont aussi stables que Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03. Les pigments bleus doivent posséder de nombreux traits chimiques, y compris la conjugaison des liaisons pi, les cycles aromatiques, les hétéroatomes et les groupes hétéroatomes, et les charges ioniques afin de absorbe la lumière rouge à faible énergie. La plupart des colorants bleus naturels sont soit instables, bleus uniquement dans des conditions alcalines, soit toxiques; les bons candidats pour des recherches ultérieures sur l’utilisation en tant que colorants naturels comprennent les dérivés d’anthocyanine et de trichotomine. Aucun produit de remplacement pour Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 n’a été trouvé pour une utilisation dans les boissons.

Bonbons Jolly Rancher bleu et rouge. La couleur bleue est le colorant Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03

Applications de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03

Vodka au sirop de Curaçao bleu

Comme beaucoup d’autres additifs de couleur, l’utilisation principale du bleu n ° 1 est de corriger ou d’améliorer la coloration naturelle ou de donner aux composés incolores une teinte vive.

Aux États-Unis, parmi les deux colorants bleus approuvés (l’autre étant Indigo carmine, ou FD&C Blue # 2), Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est le plus courant des deux. De couleur bleue, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 se trouve souvent dans la barbe à papa, la crème glacée, les pois transformés en conserve, les soupes en sachet, les colorants alimentaires en bouteille, les glaçages, les sucettes glacées, les produits aromatisés aux myrtilles, les médicaments pour enfants, les produits laitiers, les bonbons [8] boissons gazeuses et boissons, en particulier la liqueur Blue Curaçao. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est également utilisé dans les savons, shampooings, bains de bouche [9] et autres applications d’hygiène et de cosmétique.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est largement utilisé comme agent traceur de l’eau. [10] En raison de sa capacité à conserver la couleur pendant de longues périodes, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 surpasse les autres colorants traceurs. De plus, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 a un faible niveau de toxicité favorable pour l’environnement. Cependant, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 a des impacts différents sur différents sols. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est attiré et sorbé dans les sols acides en raison de sa grande taille et de sa charge ionique. La composition du sol et la vitesse d’écoulement affectent également le niveau de sorption de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03.

Le colorant Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 dans les boissons, comme les sodas, peut être utilisé dans l’expérience de la bouteille bleue. Dans ces aliments, le colorant et les agents réducteurs sont incorporés dans la même solution. Lorsque la solution est bleue, de l’oxygène est présent. Lors de l’ajout de NaOH, une réaction se produit qui élimine l’oxygène, rendant la solution limpide. Le colorant redevient bleu une fois qu’il est réoxydé en faisant tourbillonner la solution, incorporant l’oxygène de l’air comme agent oxydant.

Santé et sécurité de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03

Au Royaume-Uni, les chocolats Smarties ont été colorés avec Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (en haut) jusqu’en 2008, puis remplacés par un colorant naturel à la spiruline (en bas).

Le colorant est mal absorbé par le tractus gastro-intestinal et 95% du colorant ingéré se trouve dans les matières fécales.

Lorsqu’il est appliqué sur la langue ou sur la peau rasée, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 peut être absorbé directement dans la circulation sanguine.

En raison de ses propriétés non toxiques, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 a été utilisé comme colorant biologique. Lorsqu’il est dissous dans un milieu acide, ce colorant a été utilisé pour colorer les parois cellulaires, les bactéries et les cellules fongiques. Le colorant n’inhibe la croissance d’aucune de ces espèces.

Pour des raisons similaires, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est également utilisé dans les dispositifs médicaux hémostatiques, notamment l’HEMOPATCH, conçu pour être placé sur des tissus qui saignent et coaguler le sang. Une faible concentration de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est placée à l’arrière de l’HEMOPATCH par incréments de 1 cm, permettant aux chirurgiens de couper avec précision et d’indiquer le côté de l’HEMOPATCH qui est un agent hémostatique actif pour un placement correct.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est un colorant alimentaire approuvé et une substance pharmacologiquement inactive pour les formulations médicamenteuses dans l’UE et aux États-Unis. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est également légal dans d’autres pays. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 a la capacité d’induire des réactions allergiques chez les personnes souffrant d’asthme modéré préexistant. [16] En 2003, la FDA américaine a émis un avis de santé publique pour avertir les prestataires de soins de santé de la toxicité potentielle de ce colorant synthétique dans les solutions d’alimentation entérale. [17] Les limites légales suivantes s’appliquent dans l’UE (E 131) et dans d’autres pays: 150-300 mg / kg selon le type d’aliment. Limite de sécurité pour les aliments et les médicaments: 0,1 mg / jour par kg de poids corporel. [18] La DJA pour Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est de 6 mg / kg.

Recherche biomédicale sur Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 et des colorants similaires tels que le Brilliant Blue G sont des inhibiteurs des récepteurs purinergiques – des récepteurs responsables des réponses inflammatoires et d’autres processus cellulaires.

Les scientifiques qui menaient des études in vivo sur des composés destinés à réduire la gravité de l’inflammation après une lésion expérimentale de la moelle épinière avaient précédemment testé un composé appelé OxATP pour bloquer un récepteur clé de l’ATP dans les neurones spinaux. Cependant, OxATP a des effets secondaires toxiques et doit être injecté directement dans la moelle épinière; en recherchant des alternatives, ils ont noté que Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 avait une structure similaire. Cela les a amenés à tester un colorant apparenté, Brilliant Blue G (également connu sous le nom de Coomassie Brilliant Blue) chez le rat, qui a amélioré la récupération après une lésion de la moelle épinière tout en les rendant temporairement bleus.

Lorsque les plaquettes humaines lavées sont évaluées par turbidimétrie, il a été constaté que Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 affecte l’agrégation plaquettaire en bloquant les canaux Panx1. Ces effets inhibiteurs sur le changement de forme induit par le collagène et l’agrégation maximale ont été mis en évidence par des concentrations élevées (1 mM) du colorant mais pas par des concentrations plus faibles (100 μM). La concentration efficace de 1 mM est 1,59 fois supérieure à la concentration maximale autorisée d’environ 0,63 mM Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 selon l’Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments. [21]

Les scientifiques mènent des études pour mieux comprendre les effets de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 lors de l’explantation de greffe veineuse. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 entrave les récepteurs purinergiques, limitant la prolifération cellulaire pouvant conduire à une hyperplasie intimale. Les effets de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 ont été testés sur des cellules aortiques de rat. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 a été trouvé que Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 avait un impact positif sur la limitation du développement de l’hyperplasie intimale après une procédure de greffe veineuse.

 

 

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 consiste essentiellement en α- (4- (N-éthyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) phényl) -α- (4-N-éthyl-3-sulfonatobenzylamino) cyclohexa-2,5-diénylidène) toluène-2 disodique -sulfonate et ses isomères et matières colorantes subsidiaires avec du chlorure de sodium et / ou du sulfate de sodium comme principaux composants incolores. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est décrit comme le sel de sodium. Le calcium et le sel de potassium sont également autorisés.

L’absorption, le métabolisme et l’excrétion du Green S marqué au (14) C et du Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 ont été étudiés chez le rat, la souris et le cobaye. Après l’administration d’une dose orale unique de Green S à 100 ug / kg ou 10 mg / kg de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 à 30 ug / kg ou 3 mg / kg à des rats mâles ou femelles, la quasi-totalité de la dose était excrété inchangé dans les selles dans les 72 heures. Le prétraitement de rats mâles avec du Green S ou du Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 non marqué dans l’alimentation (100 ou 30 mg / kg par jour, respectivement) pendant 21 jours avant l’administration d’un colorant marqué au (14) C n’a eu aucun effet sur la voie d’excrétion ou le temps nécessaire pour éliminer toute l’étiquette. De même, les souris mâles et les cobayes ont excrété dans les fèces tous une seule dose orale de Green S ou Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03. Le manque d’absorption et de métabolisme du colorant marqué dans le tractus gastro-intestinal des trois espèces étudiées a été confirmé par des études utilisant des anses isolées de l’intestin grêle. Il a été démontré qu’aucune radioactivité n’a été absorbée par les fœtus de rates gravides ayant reçu du Green S marqué au C ou du Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03.

Des rats femelles Sprague-Dawley ont reçu une dose unique (0,27 mg; 1,74 uCi) du colorant marqué au (14) C par gavage. Chez les rats ligaturés aux voies biliaires, l’absorption intestinale de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (estimée à partir de l’excrétion urinaire (14) C, du CO2 expiré (14) et de la radioactivité résiduelle dans les organes internes et les tissus 96 h après l’administration orale) était en moyenne de 2,05% de la dose . L’excrétion fécale moyenne était de 97,28% et la récupération totale de la radioactivité administrée était de 99,38%. L’absorption intestinale Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 chez les rats intacts n’a été en moyenne que de 0,27% (récupération de 91%), tandis que l’excrétion biliaire chez les animaux canulés dans les voies biliaires représentait en moyenne 1,32% de la dose. La chromatographie sur couche mince d’échantillons d’urine et de bile a révélé qu’environ 95% de la radioactivité excrétée était du Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 non modifié et qu’environ 5% était un métabolite ou un produit de dégradation non identifié de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03. Les résultats montrent que Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est mal absorbé par le tractus gastro-intestinal et subit ensuite une excrétion biliaire rapide et complète / du composé absorbé /.

Pour Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (Code Pesticide USEPA / OPP: 110301) Produits ACTIFS dont l’étiquette correspond. / SRP: Homologué pour une utilisation aux États-Unis, mais les utilisations approuvées des pesticides peuvent changer périodiquement et les autorités fédérales, étatiques et locales doivent donc être consultées pour les utilisations actuellement approuvées. /

Les résidus de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 sont exemptés de l’exigence d’une tolérance lorsqu’ils sont utilisés conformément aux bonnes pratiques agricoles en tant qu’ingrédients inertes (ou parfois actifs) dans les formulations de pesticides appliquées aux cultures en croissance ou aux produits agricoles bruts après la récolte. Utilisation: colorant. Limite: pas plus de 0,2% de la formulation pesticide.

Les résidus de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 sont exemptés de l’exigence d’une tolérance lorsqu’ils sont utilisés conformément aux bonnes pratiques agricoles en tant qu’ingrédients inertes (ou parfois actifs) dans les formulations pesticides appliquées aux animaux. Utilisation: colorant, colorant.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est exempté de l’exigence d’une tolérance lorsqu’il est utilisé comme agent de contrôle des plantes aquatiques.

Les résidus de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 sont exemptés de l’exigence d’une tolérance lorsqu’ils sont utilisés conformément aux bonnes pratiques agricoles en tant qu’ingrédients inertes (ou parfois actifs) dans les formulations de pesticides appliquées aux cultures en croissance ou aux produits agricoles bruts après la récolte. Utilisation: colorant. Limite: pas plus de 0,2% de la formulation pesticide.

 

 

Deux cas de choc réfractaire et d’acidose métabolique chez des patients gravement malades sont rapportés. Les patients ont reçu Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 FCF ajouté à des formulations de nutrition entérale afin de faciliter la détection de l’aspiration. … La dose n’a pas dépassé 0,7 mg / kg pc / jour pour le premier patient et 2 mg / kg pc / jour pour le second. … Bien que chez les sujets sains, l’absorption de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 FCF semble être limitée, les patients gravement malades présentent une perméabilité gastro-intestinale accrue au Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 FCF secondaire à la mort des entérocytes et à la libération induite par le stress de facteurs neuro-endocriniens dans l’intestin épithélium.

Exposition aiguë / Des groupes de 5 jeunes rats ont reçu des injections de / Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 / par voie sous-cutanée deux fois par jour pendant trois jours. Les rats ont été tués le quatrième jour. / Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 / a été administré en solution aqueuse à raison de 250 mg / kg de poids corporel à chaque injection. Aucune activité œstrogénique n’a été détectée. Aucune autre anomalie n’a été trouvée.

L’exposition subchronique ou préchronique / l’injection parentérale à des chats de / Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 / une solution aqueuse à 5%, 1,0 g le premier jour et 0,1 g du neuvième au dix-huitième jour, n’a pas produit de méthémoglobinémie ou de corps de Heinz.

Deux cas de choc réfractaire et d’acidose métabolique chez des patients gravement malades sont rapportés. Les patients ont reçu Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 FCF ajouté à des formulations de nutrition entérale afin de faciliter la détection de l’aspiration. … La dose n’a pas dépassé 0,7 mg / kg pc / jour pour le premier patient et 2 mg / kg pc / jour pour le second. … Bien que chez les sujets sains, l’absorption de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 FCF semble limitée, les patients gravement malades présentent une perméabilité gastro-intestinale accrue au Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 FCF secondaire à la mort des entérocytes et à la libération de facteurs neuro-endocriniens dans l’intestin. épithélium.

La production et l’utilisation de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 comme additif colorant dans les aliments, les médicaments, les cosmétiques et dans les assainisseurs de toilettes ou l’eau de rinçage peuvent entraîner son rejet dans l’environnement par divers flux de déchets. Son utilisation dans le contrôle des plantes aquatiques entraînera son rejet direct dans l’environnement. S’il est rejeté dans l’air, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 existera uniquement dans la phase particulaire dans l’atmosphère puisqu’il s’agit d’un sel et sera non volatil. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 en phase particulaire sera éliminé de l’atmosphère par dépôt humide ou sec. Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 contient des chromophores qui absorbent à des longueurs d’onde> 290 nm et peuvent donc être sensibles à la photolyse directe par la lumière du soleil; il a une absorption maximale de 630 nm. S’il est rejeté dans le sol, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 devrait être mobile; on s’attend à ce que ce composé existe presque entièrement sous forme d’anion dans l’environnement et les anions ne s’adsorbent généralement pas plus fortement sur les sols contenant du carbone organique et de l’argile que leurs homologues neutres. La volatilisation à partir de surfaces de sol humides ne devrait pas être un processus de devenir important car le composé existe sous forme d’anion et les anions ne se volatilisent pas. S’il est rejeté dans l’eau, Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 ne devrait pas s’adsorber sur les solides en suspension et les sédiments en raison de la nature ionique de ce composé dans l’environnement. Les boues activées et le traitement par précipitation chimique des eaux usées contenant des colorants anioniques ont abouti à des rendements d’élimination des colorants inférieurs à 25% pour Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, ce qui suggère que la biodégradation ne devrait pas être un processus de devenir environnemental important. La volatilisation à partir de la surface de l’eau ne devrait pas être un processus de devenir important basé sur le caractère ionique du composé. Le potentiel de bioconcentration dans les organismes aquatiques est faible compte tenu du caractère ionique du composé. On ne s’attend pas à ce que l’hydrolyse soit un processus de devenir environnemental important puisque ce composé est dépourvu de groupes fonctionnels qui s’hydrolysent dans des conditions environnementales. Une exposition professionnelle à Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 peut se produire par contact cutané avec ce composé sur les lieux de travail où Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est produit ou utilisé. Les données d’utilisation indiquent que la population générale peut être exposée à Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 par ingestion d’aliments, de boissons et de produits pharmaceutiques contenant cet additif colorant, et par contact cutané avec des cosmétiques et d’autres produits de consommation utilisant ce composé.

La production et l’utilisation de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 comme additif colorant dans les aliments, les médicaments, les cosmétiques (1) et dans les désodorisants ou les eaux de rinçage (2) peuvent entraîner son rejet dans l’environnement via divers flux de déchets (SRC). Son utilisation dans la lutte contre les plantes aquatiques (3) entraînera son rejet direct dans l’environnement (SRC).

 

 

SORT TERRESTRE: Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 devrait être mobile dans le sol (SRC). On s’attend à ce que ce composé existe presque entièrement sous forme d’anion dans l’environnement et les anions ne s’adsorbent généralement pas plus fortement sur les sols contenant du carbone organique et de l’argile que leurs homologues neutres (1). On ne s’attend pas à une volatilisation à partir d’un sol humide car le composé existe sous forme d’anion et les anions ne se volatilisent pas. On ne s’attend pas à ce que Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 se volatilise à partir des surfaces sèches du sol, car c’est un sel et les sels ne se volatilisent pas (SRC). Les boues activées et le traitement par précipitation chimique des eaux usées contenant des colorants anioniques ont abouti à des rendements d’élimination des colorants inférieurs à 25% pour Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (2), ce qui suggère que la biodégradation dans les sols ne devrait pas être un processus de devenir environnemental important (SRC).

SORT AQUATIQUE: Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 ne devrait pas s’adsorber sur les solides en suspension et les sédiments (SRC). Ce composé existera presque entièrement sous forme d’anions dans l’environnement et les anions ne s’adsorbent généralement pas plus fortement sur les sols contenant du carbone organique et de l’argile que leurs homologues neutres (1). On ne s’attend pas à une volatilisation à la surface de l’eau (2) en raison de son caractère ionique attendu dans l’environnement. Le potentiel de bioconcentration dans les organismes aquatiques devrait être faible, compte tenu du caractère ionique du composé (SRC). Les boues activées et le traitement par précipitation chimique des eaux usées contenant des colorants anioniques ont abouti à des rendements d’élimination des colorants inférieurs à 25% pour Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (3), ce qui suggère que la biodégradation dans l’eau ne devrait pas être un processus de devenir environnemental important (SRC).

SORT ATMOSPHÉRIQUE: Selon un modèle de partage gaz / particules des composés organiques semi-volatils dans l’atmosphère (1), Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03, un sel, devrait exister uniquement dans la phase particulaire dans l’atmosphère ambiante car les sels sont non volatils ( SRC). Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 en phase particulaire peut être éliminé de l’air par dépôt humide ou sec (SRC). Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 peut être sensible à la photolyse directe par la lumière du soleil; son maximum d’absorption est de 630 nm (2).

AÉROBIE: Les boues activées et le traitement par précipitation chimique des eaux usées contenant des colorants anioniques ont abouti à des rendements d’élimination des colorants inférieurs à 25% pour Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 (1), ce qui suggère que la biodégradation ne devrait pas être un processus de devenir environnemental important (SRC).

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 ne devrait pas subir d’hydrolyse dans l’environnement en raison du manque de groupes fonctionnels qui s’hydrolysent dans des conditions environnementales (1). Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 peut être sensible à la photolyse directe par la lumière du soleil; l’absorption maximale est de 630 nm (2).

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 peut subir une photo-oxydation dans l’eau naturelle lorsqu’il est exposé au soleil; la structure Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 contient des liaisons oléfiniques et des amines aromatiques sensibles aux photo-oxydants (radicaux hydroxyle et peroxy) dans l’eau naturelle (1). Sur la base des groupes fonctionnels, des demi-vies de 1 à 13 jours sont possibles, en plein soleil à la surface de l’eau (1).

Le caractère ionique de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 indique que le potentiel de bioconcentration dans les organismes aquatiques devrait être faible.

On s’attend à ce que Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 soit mobile dans le sol; ce composé existera presque entièrement sous forme anionique dans l’environnement et les anions ne s’adsorbent généralement pas plus fortement sur les sols contenant du carbone organique et de l’argile que leurs homologues neutres (1).

On s’attend à ce que Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 soit essentiellement non volatil à la surface de l’eau; on s’attend à ce que ce composé existe sous forme d’anion dans l’environnement, et par conséquent, une volatilisation à partir d’un sol humide n’est pas prévue car les anions ne se volatilisent pas. On ne s’attend pas à ce que Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 se volatilise à partir des surfaces sèches du sol car il s’agit d’un sel et qu’il est non volatil.

Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 a été détecté dans des effluents d’eaux usées au Japon (1).

Selon les données de 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting, le nombre de personnes raisonnablement susceptibles d’être exposées dans la fabrication industrielle, la transformation et l’utilisation de Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est de 1 à 99; les données peuvent être largement sous-estimées (1).

NIOSH (enquête NOES 1981-1983) a estimé statistiquement que 57 876 travailleurs (dont 30 139 étaient des femmes) étaient potentiellement exposés à Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 aux États-Unis (1). Une exposition professionnelle à Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 peut se produire par contact cutané avec ce composé sur les lieux de travail où Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 est produit ou utilisé. Les données d’utilisation indiquent que la population générale peut être exposée à Duasyn Acid Blue AE 03 par l’ingestion de produits alimentaires et médicamenteux contenant ce colorant et par contact cutané avec des produits de consommation tels que les cosmétiques et les textiles contenant ce composé (SRC).