E297 FUMARIC ACID
Chemical formula: C4H4O4
Molar mass: 116.072 g·mol−1
Appearance: White solid
Density: 1.635 g/cm3
Melting point: 287 °C (549 °F; 560 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: 4.9 g/L at 20 °C[1]
Acidity (pKa)
pka1 = 3.03, pka2 = 4.44 (15 °C, cis isomer)
Uses
Food
E297 Fumaric acid has been used as a food acidulant since 1946.
Fumaric acid is approved as a food additive in the EU, USA, Australia, and New Zealand.
As a food additive, it is used as an acidity regulator and can be denoted by the E number E297.
E297 Fumaric acid is generally used in beverages and baking powders for which requirements are placed on purity.
Fumaric acid makes wheat tortillas as a food preservative and leavening acid.
Fumaric acid is generally used as a substitute for tartaric acid and occasionally in place of citric acid, at a rate of 1 g of fumaric acid to every ~1.5 g of citric acid, to add sourness, similarly to the way malic acid is used.
E297 Fumaric acid is used as a food additive, primarily as an acidulant and flavor enhancer.
E297 Fumaric acid is often found in beverages, fruit-flavored drinks, candies, gelatin desserts, baking powders, and other food products.
E297 Fumaric acid provides a sour taste similar to citric acid and helps preserve and enhance the flavor of food and beverages.
Function
In foods and baked goods, it serves many functions:
Acidity control (measured by pH or, more accurately, by TTA)
Highly effective acidulant
Substitute for other acids such as citric, lactic, and tartaric1,2
Strong buffering capacity around pH 3.04
Antimicrobial/preservative activity
Chemical leavening – highly effective, with a Neutralization Value of 145
Dough machinability improver
Flavor/ taste sourness enhancer
Foam promoter in egg-white foams and a stabilizer of over-beaten egg whites
Translated names
acide fumarique (fr)
acido fumarico (it)
Fumaarhape (et)
Fumaarihappo (fi)
fumaarzuur (nl)
fumarna kiselina (hr)
fumarna kislina (sl)
fumaro rūgštis (lt)
fumarová kyselina (cs)
fumarsyra (sv)
fumarsyre (da)
fumarsyre (no)
Fumarsäure (de)
fumársav (hu)
fumārskābe (lv)
kyselina fumarová (sk)
ácido fumárico (es)
ácido fumárico (pt)
φουμαρικό οξύ (el)
фумарова киселина (bg)
IUPAC names
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid
(E) but-2-enedioic acid
(E)-but-2-enedioic acid
(E)-Butenedioic acid
1,2-ethylene dicarboxylic acid
2-BUTENEDIOIC ACID
2-Butenedioic acid (2E)-Fumaric acid
2-Butenedioic acid, E-
acide fumarique
But-2-enedioic acid
but-2-enedioic acid
E-butenedioic Acid
FA Flakes
FUMARIC ACID
Fumaric Acid
Fumaric acid
fumaric acid
Fumaric Acid
Fumaric acid
fumaric acid
fumaric acid , Butenedioic acid , Allomaleic acid, Boletic acid, Donitic acid, Lichenic acid
Fumarsäure
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic
trans-2-Butenedioïc acid
trans-Butendisäure
Trans-Butenedioic Acid
Trade names
(E)-2-Butenedioic acid
1,2-ethylene dicarboxylic acid
Allomaleic acid
Boletic acid
Butenedioic acid, (E)-
Fumaric Acid
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
TRANS-BUTENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
SYNONYMS:
fumaric acid
110-17-8
trans-Butenedioic acid
Allomaleic acid
fumarate
Lichenic acid
Boletic acid
2-Butenedioic acid
(2E)-but-2-enedioic acid
Tumaric acid
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
Allomalenic acid
But-2-enedioic acid
trans-2-Butenedioic acid
Butenedioic acid
(E)-2-Butenedioic acid
Fumaricum acidum
2-Butenedioic acid, (E)-
Kyselina fumarova
2-Butenedioic acid (E)-
USAF EK-P-583
Butenedioic acid, (E)-
FEMA No. 2488
(2E)-2-butenedioic acid
Caswell No. 465E
FEMA Number 2488
NSC-2752
Fumarsaeure
(E)-but-2-enedioic acid
Allomaleic-acid
Boletic-acid
2-Butenedioic acid (2E)-
1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid, (E)
CCRIS 1039
HSDB 710
2-(E)-Butenedioic acid
trans-but-2-enedioic acid
U-1149
(E)-Butenedioic acid
1,2-Ethenedicarboxylic acid, trans-
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051201
6915-18-0
AI3-24236
EINECS 203-743-0
BRN 0605763
Fumaric acid (NF)
Fumaric acid [NF]
INS NO.297
DTXSID3021518
UNII-88XHZ13131
CHEBI:18012
INS-297
NSC2752
ethylenedicarboxylic acid
Maleic-2,3-d2 acid
88XHZ13131
E297
DTXCID601518
Maleic acid-2,3-13C2
E-297
2(TRANS)-BUTENEDIOIC ACID
EC 203-743-0
FC 33
4-02-00-02202 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MFCD00002700
fum
Lichenic acid (VAN)
FUMARIC ACID (II)
FUMARIC ACID [II]
(E)-2-Butenedioate
Fumaric acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile:Water
Kyselina fumarova [Czech]
FUMARIC ACID (MART.)
FUMARIC ACID [MART.]
FUMARIC ACID (USP-RS)
FUMARIC ACID [USP-RS]
(2E)-but-2-enedioate
FUMARIC ACID (USP IMPURITY)
FUMARIC ACID [USP IMPURITY]
Donitic acid
but-2-enedioicacid
CAS-110-17-8
fumarate, 10
trans-1,2-Ethenedicarboxylic acid
MALIC ACID IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY)
MALIC ACID IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
(E)-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
trans-1,2-Ethylenediccarboxylic acid
E-2-Butenedioic acid
Fumaric acid (8CI)
26099-09-2
FC 33 (acid)
SODIUM AUROTHIOMALATE IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
SODIUM AUROTHIOMALATE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
Futrans-2-Butenedioic Acid
fumarsaure
Allomaleate
Boletate
Lichenate
Acido lichenico
fumeric acid
Acido boletico
Acido fumarico
Acido allomaleico
trans-Butenedioate
NCGC00091192-02
Fumaric Acid,(S)
trans-2-Butendisaure
trans-2-Butenedioate
2-(E)-Butenedioate
Fumaric acid, 99%
Acido trans butendioico
trans-Ethylendicarbonsaure
(Trans)-butenedioic acid
F0067
Fumaric acid, >=99%
FEMA Number: 2488
bmse000083
FUMARIC ACID [MI]
WLN: QV1U1VQ-T
FUMARIC ACID [FCC]
SCHEMBL1177
FUMARIC ACID [FHFI]
FUMARIC ACID [HSDB]
FUMARIC ACID [INCI]
FUMARIC ACID [VANDF]
MLS002454406
1,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid
2-butenedioic acid, (2E)-
(2E)-2-Butenedioic acid #
FUMARIC ACID [WHO-DD]
CHEMBL503160
FUMARICUM ACIDUM [HPUS]
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylate
BDBM26122
CHEBI:22958
HMS2270C12
Pharmakon1600-01301022
Fumaric acid, >=99.0% (T)
AMY30339
STR02646
Acido trans 1,2-etenedicarbossilico
Tox21_201769
Tox21_302826
2-Butenedioic acid (2E)- (9CI)
Acido trans 1,2-etilendicarbossilico
Fumaric acid, >=99%, FCC, FG
NSC760395
s4952
AKOS000118896
Fumaric acid, qNMR Standard for DMSO
CCG-266065
CS-W016599
DB01677
HY-W015883
NSC-760395
USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 051201
NCGC00091192-01
NCGC00091192-03
NCGC00256360-01
NCGC00259318-01
BP-13087
Fumaric acid, tested according to USP/NF
LS-12976
SMR000112117
Fumaric acid, puriss., >=99.5% (T)
NS00074156
EN300-17996
Fumaric acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%
1, (E)
C00122
D02308
D85166
Q139857
Fumaric acid, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
J-002389
Fumarate; 2-Butenedioic acid; Trans-Butenedioic acid
Z57127460
F8886-8257
Fumaric acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
26B3632D-E93F-4655-90B0-3C17855294BA
Fumaric acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), >=99%
Fumaric acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Fumaric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Fumaric Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material