GLUTARALDEHYDE %24(GLUTARALDEHT %24)

CAS No.: 111-30-8

EC No.: 203-856-5

Synonyms:

Glutaraldehyde %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; Pentanedial; Glutaral; 111-30-8; Glutaric dialdehyde; Cidex; Glutardialdehyde; 1,5-Pentanedial; Sonacide; Pentane-1,5-dial; Glutaric aldehyde; Glutaraldehyd; Glutaralum; Glutarol; Ucarcide; Aldesan; Alhydex; Hospex; Glutaric acid dialdehyde; 1,3-Diformylpropane; Gluteraldehyde; 1,5-Pentanedione; Aldesen; Novaruca; Sporicidin; Aldehyd glutarowy; PolyGlutaraldehyde %24; Poly(Glutaraldehyde %24); NCI-C55425; Caswell No. 468; Glutaraldehyd [Czech]; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution; Glutaclean; Sterihyde; Aqucar; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; Glutaralum [INN-Latin]; Veruca-sep; Relugan GT; Relugan GTW; Aldehyd glutarowy [Polish]; component of Cidex; Glutarex 28; NSC 13392; Glutaral [USAN:INN:JAN]; Sonacide (TN); Cidex 7; Ucarcide 250; UNII-T3C89M417N; Relugan GT 50; Sterihyde L (TN); CCRIS 3800; HSDB 949; Pentanedial, homopolymer; Coldcide-25 microbiocide; EINECS 203-856-5; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 043901; Glutaral (JAN/USP/INN); BRN 0605390; Potentiated acid Glutaraldehyde %24; glutaraldehit %24; CHEBI:64276; T3C89M417N; 1, 5-Pentanedial; MFCD00007025; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution (50% or less); Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, 25% in water; NCGC00091110-01; DSSTox_CID_5355; DSSTox_RID_77761; DSSTox_GSID_25355; Glutaraldehyde %24 Solution, 25%; 1,3-Diformyl propane; Diswart; Gludesin; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24Glutarol-1,5-pentanedial; CAS-111-30-8; Glutaric dialdehyde, 25 wt.% solution in water; Glutaric dialdehyde, 50 wt.% solution in water; pentandial; Dioxopentane; glutaraldehit %24; glutaraldehit %24; glutaraldehit %24; glutaraldehit %24; glutaraldehit %24; glutaraldehit %24; Glutural; Ucarset; Verucasep; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, for electron microscopy, ~25% in H2O; Virsal; Glutaral(usan); Sterihyde L; glutaric dihydride; Glutaral [USAN:USP:INN:JAN]; Glutaric dialdehyde, electron microscopy grade, 25% solution in water, purified; Glutaraldehyde %24, 25% SOLN; Bactron K31; Ucarcide 225; Glutaraldehyde %24,solution; ACMC-1BGTC; pentane-1,5-dialdehyde; Glutaral, INN, USAN; Protectol GDA, GT 50; SCHEMBL836; WLN: VH3VH; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; EC 203-856-5; Glutaric dialdehyde solution; 4-01-00-03659 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); KSC175E5H; BIDD:ER0299; Glutaraldehyde %24 Solution, 50%; [DID-no:2408]; CHEMBL1235482; DTXSID6025355; CTK0H5253; KS-00000WUC; Bio1_000462; Bio1_000951; Bio1_001440; NSC13392; STR01121; ZINC1729593; Tox21_111083; Tox21_201742; glutaraldehit %24; glutaraldehit %24; glutaraldehit %24; glutaraldehit %24; Tox21_303295; ANW-43543; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; LS-529; NSC-13392; STL281872; AKOS008967285; DB03266; MCULE-6802048757; NE10465; Glutaric dialdehyde, 25%sol. In water; Glutaric dialdehyde, 25% sol. in water; NCGC00091110-02; NCGC00091110-03; NCGC00257231-01; NCGC00259291-01; 29257-65-6; I856; SC-22641; Glutaric dialdehyde, 8% solution in water; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, 25 wt. % in H2O; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, 50 wt. % in H2O; FT-0626730; G0067; G0068; NS00004136; EN300-18037; C12518; D01120; glutaral; Glutaraldehyde %24; Glutaraldehyde %24; GLUTARAL; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, for synthesis, 25.0%; 49147-EP2270505A1; 49147-EP2280274A2; 49147-EP2282200A2; 49147-EP2287152A2; 49147-EP2287155A1; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; 49147-EP2298312A1; 49147-EP2301940A1; 49147-EP2308848A1; 49147-EP2311823A1; 49147-EP2372017A1; 49147-EP2377842A1; 49147-EP2377845A1; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, Grade II, 25% in H2O; Glutaric dialdehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O; A802339; Q416475; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, for in vitro diagnostic use; Q-201162; Glutaric dialdehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O, FCC; F2191-0161; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, SAJ first grade, 20.0-26.0%; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, technical, ~25% in H2O (2.6 M); Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, technical, ~50% in H2O (5.6 M); Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, 1.2 % (w/v) Glutaraldehyde %24 in H2O; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, for electron microscopy, ~50% in H2O; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, for electron microscopy, ~8% in H2O; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, 50% in H2O, suitable for photographic applications; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, Grade I, 25% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, Grade I, 50% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, Grade I, 70% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, Grade I, 8% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; Glutaraldehyde %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; Pentanedial; Glutaral; 111-30-8; Glutaric dialdehyde; Cidex; Glutardialdehyde; 1,5-Pentanedial; Sonacide; Pentane-1,5-dial; Glutaric aldehyde; Glutaraldehyd; Glutaralum; Glutarol; Ucarcide; Aldesan; Alhydex; Hospex; Glutaric acid dialdehyde; 1,3-Diformylpropane; glutaraldehit %24; glutaraldehit %24; glutaraldehit %24; Gluteraldehyde; 1,5-Pentanedione; Aldesen; Novaruca; Sporicidin; Aldehyd glutarowy; PolyGlutaraldehyde %24; Poly(Glutaraldehyde %24); NCI-C55425; Caswell No. 468; Glutaraldehyd [Czech]; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution; Glutaclean; Sterihyde; Aqucar; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; Glutaralum [INN-Latin]; Veruca-sep; Relugan GT; Relugan GTW; Aldehyd glutarowy [Polish]; component of Cidex; Glutarex 28; NSC 13392; Glutaral [USAN:INN:JAN]; Sonacide (TN); Cidex 7; Ucarcide 250; UNII-T3C89M417N; Relugan GT 50; Sterihyde L (TN); CCRIS 3800; HSDB 949; Pentanedial, homopolymer; Coldcide-25 microbiocide; EINECS 203-856-5; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 043901; Glutaral (JAN/USP/INN); BRN 0605390; Potentiated acid Glutaraldehyde %24; CHEBI:64276; T3C89M417N; 1, 5-Pentanedial; MFCD00007025; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution (50% or less); Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, 25% in water; NCGC00091110-01; DSSTox_CID_5355; DSSTox_RID_77761; DSSTox_GSID_25355; Glutaraldehyde %24 Solution, 25%; 1,3-Diformyl propane; Diswart; Gludesin; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24Glutarol-1,5-pentanedial; CAS-111-30-8; Glutaric dialdehyde, 25 wt.% solution in water; Glutaric dialdehyde, 50 wt.% solution in water; pentandial; Dioxopentane; Glutural; Ucarset; Verucasep; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, for electron microscopy, ~25% in H2O; Virsal; Glutaral(usan); Sterihyde L; glutaric dihydride; Glutaral [USAN:USP:INN:JAN]; Glutaric dialdehyde, electron microscopy grade, 25% solution in water, purified; Glutaraldehyde %24, 25% SOLN; Bactron K31; Ucarcide 225; Glutaraldehyde %24,solution; ACMC-1BGTC; pentane-1,5-dialdehyde; Glutaral, INN, USAN; Protectol GDA, GT 50; SCHEMBL836; WLN: VH3VH; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; EC 203-856-5; Glutaric dialdehyde solution; 4-01-00-03659 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); KSC175E5H; BIDD:ER0299; Glutaraldehyde %24 Solution, 50%; [DID-no:2408]; CHEMBL1235482; DTXSID6025355; CTK0H5253; KS-00000WUC; Bio1_000462; Bio1_000951; Bio1_001440; NSC13392; STR01121; ZINC1729593; Tox21_111083; Tox21_201742; Tox21_303295; ANW-43543; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; LS-529; NSC-13392; STL281872; AKOS008967285; DB03266; MCULE-6802048757; NE10465; Glutaric dialdehyde, 25%sol. In water; Glutaric dialdehyde, 25% sol. in water; NCGC00091110-02; NCGC00091110-03; NCGC00257231-01; NCGC00259291-01; 29257-65-6; I856; SC-22641; Glutaric dialdehyde, 8% solution in water; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, 25 wt. % in H2O; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, 50 wt. % in H2O; FT-0626730; G0067; G0068; NS00004136; EN300-18037; C12518; D01120; glutaral; Glutaraldehyde %24; Glutaraldehyde %24; GLUTARAL; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, for synthesis, 25.0%; 49147-EP2270505A1; 49147-EP2280274A2; 49147-EP2282200A2; 49147-EP2287152A2; 49147-EP2287155A1; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHYDE %24; 49147-EP2298312A1; 49147-EP2301940A1; 49147-EP2308848A1; 49147-EP2311823A1; 49147-EP2372017A1; 49147-EP2377842A1; 49147-EP2377845A1; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, Grade II, 25% in H2O; Glutaric dialdehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O; A802339; Q416475; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, for in vitro diagnostic use; Q-201162; Glutaric dialdehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O, FCC; F2191-0161; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, SAJ first grade, 20.0-26.0%; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, technical, ~25% in H2O (2.6 M); Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, technical, ~50% in H2O (5.6 M); Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, 1.2 % (w/v) Glutaraldehyde %24 in H2O; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, for electron microscopy, ~50% in H2O; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, for electron microscopy, ~8% in H2O; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, 50% in H2O, suitable for photographic applications; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, Grade I, 25% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, Grade I, 50% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, Grade I, 70% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use; Glutaraldehyde %24 solution, Grade I, 8% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use; GLUTARALDEHT %24; glutaraldehit %24

GLUTARALDEHYDE %24

Glutaraldehyde %24

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Glutaraldehyde %24

Skeletal formula of Glutaraldehyde %24

Ball-and-stick model of the Glutaraldehyde %24 molecule

Glutaraldehyde %24

Infobox references

Glutaraldehyde %24, sold under the brandname Cidex and Glutaral among others, is a disinfectant, medication, preservative, and fixative.[3][4][5][6] As a disinfectant, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas of hospitals.[3] As a medication, it is used to treat warts on the bottom of the feet.[4] Glutaraldehyde %24 is applied as a liquid.[3]

Side effects include skin irritation.[4] If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur.[3] Protective equipment is recommended when used, especially in high concentrations.[3] Glutaraldehyde %24 is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores.[3][7] Glutaraldehyde %24 is a dialdehyde.[8] It works by a number of mechanisms.[7]

Glutaraldehyde %24 came into medical use in the 1960s.[9] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines.[10] There are a number of other commercial uses such as leather tanning.[11]

Disinfection

Glutaraldehyde %24 is used as a disinfectant and medication.[3][4][12]

Usually applied as a solution, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas.[3]

Fixative

Glutaraldehyde %24 is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and fixative prior to SDS-PAGE, staining, or electron microscopy. It kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins. It is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde[13] as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells. A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilize cell and organelle membrane lipids. Fixation is usually followed by dehydration of the tissue in ethanol or acetone, followed by embedding in an epoxy resin or acrylic resin.[citation needed]

Another application for treatment of proteins with Glutaraldehyde %24 is the inactivation of bacterial toxins to generate toxoid vaccines, e.g., the pertussis (whooping cough) toxoid component in the Boostrix Tdap vaccine produced by GlaxoSmithKline.[14]

In a related application, Glutaraldehyde %24 is sometimes employed in the tanning of leather and in embalming.[citation needed]

Safety

As a strong sterilant, Glutaraldehyde %24 is toxic and a strong irritant.[16] There is no strong evidence of carcinogenic activity.[17] Some occupations that work with this chemical have an increased risk of some cancers.[17]

Mechanism of action

A number of mechanisms have been invoked to explain the biocidal properties of Glutaraldehyde %24.[7] Like many other aldehydes, it reacts with amines and thiol groups, which are common functional groups in proteins. Being bi-function, it is also a potential crosslinker.[18]

Production and reactions

Synthesis of Glutaraldehyde %24 via the Diels-Alder reaction.

Glutaraldehyde %24 is produced industrially by the oxidation of cyclopentene. Alternatively it can be made by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and vinyl ethers followed by hydrolysis.[19]

Like many other dialdehydes, (e.g., glyoxal) and simple aldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde), Glutaraldehyde %24 converts in aqueous solution to various hydrates that in turn convert to other equilibrating species.[clarification needed][20][19]

Monomeric Glutaraldehyde %24 polymerizes by aldol condensation reaction yielding alpha, beta-unsaturated poly-Glutaraldehyde %24. This reaction usually occurs at alkaline pH values.[medical citation needed]

History and culture

Glutaraldehyde %24 came into medical use in the 1960s.[9] It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.[10] There are a number of other commercial uses such as leather tanning.[11]

A Glutaraldehyde %24 solution of 0.1% to 1.0% concentration may be used as a biocide for system disinfection and as a preservative for long-term storage. It is a sterilant, killing endospores in addition to many microorganisms and viruses.[21]

As a biocide, Glutaraldehyde %24 is a component of hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) fluid. It is included in the additive called Alpha 1427.[22] Bacterial growth impairs extraction of oil and gas from these wells. Glutaraldehyde %24 is pumped as a component of the fracturing fluid to inhibit microbial growth.[medical citation needed]

Publisher Summary

This chapter describes the biological uses and importance of Glutaraldehyde %24. The modern industrial production of the aldehyde involves a two-step synthesis from an interaction of acrolein with vinyl ethyl ether to produce an ethoxy dihydropyran that is then hydrolyzed with water to form Glutaraldehyde %24 and ethanol. Glutaraldehyde %24 is used in three major areas: (1) leather tanning, (2) sterilization and disinfection, and (3) tissue fixation for electron microscopy. This chapter is discusses the latter two of these subjects. Investigation of the effects of a number of fixatives on plant cells from the root tip of Phaseolus vulgaris both at the light- and electron microscopic levels, including Glutaraldehyde %24, osmium tetroxide, formaldehyde, acrolein, potassium dichromate, Clarke’s fluid and chromic acid, acetic and water showed that Glutaraldehyde %24 was an excellent general fixative. The chapter discusses the recently introduced Glutaraldehyde %24-containing fixatives.

Overview

CAS No. 111-30-8

Glutaraldehyde %24, C5H8O2 or OCH(CH₂)₃CHO, is a transparent oily, liquid with a pungent odor. Exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24 may cause the following symptoms: throat and lung irritation, asthma and difficulty breathing, dermatitis, nasal irritation, sneezing, wheezing, burning eyes, and conjunctivitis. Workers may be harmed from exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24. Workers can be exposed to Glutaraldehyde %24 through inhalation or skin contact. The level of exposure depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done.

Glutaraldehyde %24 is used for a number of applications:

NIOSH recommends that employers use Hierarchy of Controls to prevent injuries. If you work in an industry that uses Glutaraldehyde %24, please read chemical labels and the accompanying Safety Data Sheet for hazard information. Visit NIOSH’s page on Managing Chemical Safety in the Workplace to learn more about controlling chemical workplace exposures.

The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24. Useful search terms for Glutaraldehyde %24 include “glutaric dialdehyde,” and “1,5-pentanedial.”

Related NIOSH Resources

NIOSHTIC-2 search results on Glutaraldehyde %24 A searchable database of worker safety and health publications, documents, grant reports, and journal articles supported in whole or in part by NIOSH.

Aldehydes, screening (No. 2539) NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM)

Selected Publications

NIOSH Skin Notation Profiles: Glutaraldehyde %24 DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2011-149 (2011)

NIOSH Glutaraldehyde %24: Occupational Hazards in Hospitals DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-115. Provides information about the adverse health effects of Glutaraldehyde %24, describes how hospital workers can be exposed to Glutaraldehyde %24, and identifies control methods and work practices to prevent or reduce exposure. En Español

NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 55: Carcinogenicity of Acetaldehyde and Malonaldehyde, and Mutagenicity of Related Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 91-112

Information about the potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of acetaldehyde and malonaldehyde, the chemical reactivity and mutagenicity of nine related aldehydes, and includes guidelines for minimizing can be exposed to Glutaraldehyde %24, and identifies control methods and work practices to prevent or reduce exposure.

NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 55: Carcinogenicity of Acetaldehyde and Malonaldehyde, and Mutagenicity of Related Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 91-112

NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS): Glutaraldehyde %24 Includes detailed information about toxic health effects and official exposure recommendations and standards for Glutaraldehyde %24.

Related Resources

Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ASTDR): Glutaraldehyde %24

ASTDR Toxciological Profile for Glutaraldehyde %24

ASTDR ToxGuide: Glutaraldehyde %24pdf icon

FDA-Cleared Sterilants and High Level Disinfectantsexternal icon

EPA Chemistry Dashboard: Glutaraldeydeexternal icon

EPA: Reducing Ethylene Oxide and Glutaraldehyde %24 Usepdf iconexternal icon

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Best Practices for the Safe Use of Glutaraldehyde %24 in Health Careexternal icon

OSHA Hospital eTool: Glutaraldehyde %24external icon

OSHA Hazard Communicationexternal icon

New Jersey Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets: Glutaraldehyde %24external icon

International Resources

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA): Glutaraldehyde %24external icon

INCHEM-International Chemical Safety Data Card: Glutaraldehyde %24external icon

Gestis Substance Databaseexternal icon

OECD Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substancesexternal icon

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Screening Information Data Sets (SIDS): Glutaraldehyde %24external icon

Glutaraldehyde %24 has been a high-level disinfectant for over 50 years. As a disinfectant, it is used to eliminate harmful microorganisms on surgical instruments and has other uses as a fixative or preservative in other parts of a healthcare facility. However, it can get into the air from its use as a disinfectant and employees and patients can be exposed to the chemical. Prolonged exposure to employees can become a problem.

At CHT we provide solutions to maintain the health of your employees with environmental monitoring to ensure their well-being. We understand it’s crucial to keep your employees safe and your healthcare facility compliant. In this article, we discuss the health effects and managing the chemical safety of Glutaraldehyde %24 in the workplace.

Glutaraldehyde %24

How is Glutaraldehyde %24 Used in Healthcare Facilities?

Glutaraldehyde %24 is used as a cold sterilant to disinfect a variety of heat-sensitive instruments, such as endoscopes, dialysis equipment, and more. It is used as a high-level disinfectant for those surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized.

Glutaraldehyde %24 is used for several applications in healthcare facilities:

There are risks associated with exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24.

Occupational Hazards in Healthcare Facilities

Glutaraldehyde %24 has been linked with a variety of health effects – ranging from mild to severe – including asthma, breathing difficulties, respiratory irritation, and skin rashes (Pryor, 1984; Crandall, 1987).

“Rooms in which Glutaraldehyde %24 disinfection/sterilization is performed should be large enough to ensure the adequate dilution of vapor and should have a minimum air exchange rate of ten air exchanges per hour.” [source]

PPE protects workers against the hazards of using high-level disinfectants such as Glutaraldehyde %24. Regardless of the type of disinfectant used, facilities should use the proper PPE designed to protect their skin and eyes from contact.

One of the earliest indications of the potential antimicrobial activity of Glutaraldehyde %24

came from the results of a survey of sporicidal activity of saturated dialdehydes in a

search for an efficient substitute for formaldehyde (Pepper & Lieberman 1962).

Further studies by Pepper & Chandler (1963) revealed that Glutaraldehyde %24 in alcoholic

solution was superior as a sporicidal agent to both formaldehyde and glyoxal.

In their claims for Glutaraldehyde %24 as a chemical sterilizing solution, Stonehill et a/.

(1963) pointed out that aqueous solutions of Glutaraldehyde %24 were mildly acidic and

needed to be buffered by suitable alkalinating agents to a pH of 7.5-8.5 for antimicrobial activity. A 2.0% (w/v) Glutaraldehyde %24 buffered to alkaline pH by addition of 0.3‘j/,

(w/v) sodium bicarbonate was advocated to provide the minimum concentration and

conditions necessary for rapid sporicidal activity. This solution has a greater sporicidal

activity than 8% formaldehyde (Table 3). The value of this alkaline solution was later

confirmed by Snyder & Cheatle (1965). Subsequently Glutaraldehyde %24 has always been

recommended for use as an alkaline solution at pH 7.5-8.5 and towards the end of

1963, a 2% solution (Cidex) was marketed by Ethicon Inc., requiring ‘activation’ with

0.3% (w/v) sodium bicarbonate before use as a chemosterilizer.

The time required for sterilization by a chemical agent is based upon the killing time

achieved by the agent against a reasonable challenge of spores which are considered to

be the most resistant. At the use-dilution of 2%, Glutaraldehyde %24 was capable of killing

spores of Bacillus and Clostridium sp. in 3 h (Stonehill et a/. 1963; Borick et al. 1964).

Rubbo et a/. (1967) reported a 99.99% kill of spores of B. anthracis and CI. tetani in 15

and 30 min respectively. It was apparent from their results that not all species were

equally susceptible and of those organisms tested B. pumilis was the most resistant.

Boucher (1974) found that B. subtilis spores were the most resistant to treatment with

Glutaraldehyde %24. Using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) sporicidal test and vacuum-dried spores, he found that 10 h was necessary for complete kill.

Other work, however, using similar time-survivor measurements and aqueous suspensions of B.subtilis spores, indicated that a 3 h contact period gave approximately a six

log drop in viable count (Sierra & Boucher 1971; Kelsey et al. 1974; Forsyth 1975;

Miner et al. 1977).

Vegetative bacteria are readily susceptible to the action of Glutaraldehyde %24. As shown

in Table 4, a 0.02% aqueous alkaline solution is rapidly effective against Gram positive

and Gram negative species, whilst a 2% solution is capable of killing many vegetative

species, including Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 2 min (Stonehill el al. 1963). McGucken & Woodside (1973)

reported a complete kill in 10 min of Esch. coli (2 x lo8 cells/ml) by 100 pg/ml alkaline

Glutaraldehyde %24 compared with a 45% kill produced by the unactivated acid solution. In

a comparative study of Cidex and Savlon by Leers eta/. (1974) stainless steel penicylinders, neoprene ‘0’ rings and polyvinyl tubing were used as carriers for a range of

organisms including Ps.aeruginosa and Mycobacterium smegmatis to simulate in-use

conditions for the sterilization of instruments, catheter tubing and anaesthetic equipment. Cidex was effective on all three carriers, whereas Savlon was only partially

effective, especially against Ps.aeruginosa and Staph.aureus.

The tubercle bacillus has gained a justified reputation for being one of the most

difficult species to destroy and its resistance to antibacterial agents is considered to be

intermediate between sporulating and non-sporing organisms (Spaulding et al. 1977).

Although good tuberculocidal activity has been attributed to Glutaraldehyde %24 (Stonehill et al. 1963; Borick et al. 1964), subsequent studies have shown that it has a slow

action against Myco.tuberculosis (Rubbo et al. 1967), being less effective than formaldehyde or iodine (Bergan & Lystad 1971). It has been claimed by Relyveld (1977) that

the activity of Glutaraldehyde %24 is equivalent or superior to that of hypochlorite with the

exception of its effectiveness against mycobacteria. The picture is somewhat confused

by the findings of Collins & Montalbine (1976) that the dialdehyde was rapidly

mycobactericidal at room temperature. It must be added that the experimental technique adopted by the latter authors leaves a very considerable doubt about the validity

of the conclusions reached.

B. Antifingal activity

Antifungal activity of Glutaraldehyde %24 was first demonstrated by Stonehill et al. (1963),

who reported that growth of Trichophyton interdigitale was inhibited by a 5 min

exposure to a 2% alkaline solution and that this solution was more potent than a

number of other commercially available preparations tested.

A 1% solution is also fungicidal (Dabrowa et al. 1972), but porous surfaces contaminated with Candida albicans and Microsporium gypseum are significantly more difficult

to disinfect with Glutaraldehyde %24 than are smooth surfaces (Tadeusiak 1976).

Aspergillus niger is more resistant than other fungi to Glutaraldehyde %24 (Rubbo et al.

1967; Gorman & Scott 1977a). In common with a range of other fungal species,

however, both mycelial growth and sporulation are inhibited by 0.5% alkaline Glutaraldehyde %24 while spore swelling is entirely halted by a 0.5% solution. Fungicidal activity is

also demonstrated (Fig. 1).

What Is Glutaraldehyde %24 Used For?

Glutaraldehyde %24 has a variety of uses in many industries and occupations. It is most commonly found in the healthcare industry, used to disinfect medical equipment that cannot be heat sterilized. The main uses of Glutaraldehyde %24 include:

Glutaraldehyde %24 (C5H8O2) is most often used in a diluted form with solutions ranging from 0.1 to 50 percent Glutaraldehyde %24 in water. It is a colorless, oily liquid and sometimes has an odor of rotten apples. In a vapor state, Glutaraldehyde %24 has a pungent odor, with an odor threshold level of 0.04 parts per million (ppm).Trade names for Glutaraldehyde %24-containing formulations include Cidex®, Sonacide®, Sporicidin®, Hospex®, Omnicide®, Metricide®, Rapicide® and Wavicide®.

Exposure Limits

OSHA has not established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for Glutaraldehyde %24. NIOSH has established a recommended exposure limit (REL) for Glutaraldehyde %24 of 0.2 ppm. This is a time-weighted average (TWA) exposure limit for up to a 10-hour workday during a 40-hour workweek. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has set a ceiling Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 0.05 ppm. This is the airborne concentration that should not be exceeded during any part of the work shift.

Does Glutaraldehyde %24 Present a Health Hazard?

Glutaraldehyde %24 is an irritant to the skin, eyes and respiratory system. Exposure symptoms might include burning sensation, dermatitis, headache, coughing, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting. Continuous repeated exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24 might intensify the skin and respiratory irritant effects. Anyone with a history of skin or eye disorders might be at an increased risk from exposure.

First Aid

Eyes: If Glutaraldehyde %24 contacts the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Seek medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with Glutaraldehyde %24.

Skin: If Glutaraldehyde %24 contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water for at least 15 minutes. If Glutaraldehyde %24 penetrates clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water for at least 15 minutes. Promptly seek medical attention.

Inhalation: If large amounts of Glutaraldehyde %24 are inhaled, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Keep the person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.

Ingestion: Get medical attention immediately.

What Type of Personal Protective Equipment Should Be Used with Glutaraldehyde %24?

Personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used with engineering and administrative controls to help prevent Glutaraldehyde %24 exposure.

Safety goggles should be considered where concentrated Glutaraldehyde %24 is used or where splashing may occur, it is best to use indirect-vented or non-vented goggles, and to avoid goggles with foam padding.

Protective clothing should be worn when handling Glutaraldehyde %24. Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, Viton™, butyl rubber, natural rubber latex, neoprene and nitrile rubber provide adequate protection from Glutaraldehyde %24 solutions and are compatible materials for gloves and aprons.

Respiratory protection: Although an immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) exposure limit has not been established for Glutaraldehyde %24, several respirator manufacturers have issued guidelines. 3M’s respirator selection guide can be found here and while MSA’s can be found here.

Air Monitoring

Personal monitors, passive-gas monitors and vapor meters can help determine workers’ exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24.

A: A disinfectant is a chemical or physical agent that is applied to inanimate objects to kill microorganisms. Bleach (sodium hypochlorite), phenolic compounds, and formaldehyde are examples of disinfectants. A sterilant is a chemical or physical process that is applied to inanimate objects to kill all microorganisms as well as spores. Glutaraldehyde %24 and ethylene oxide are examples of sterilants.

Q: Where is exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24 most likely?

A: Exposure to Glutaraldehyde %24 is most likely in the healthcare industry. It is used in hospitals for cold sterilization of medical supplies and instruments, and also as a disinfectant in urology, endoscopy and dental departments. It is also used as a fixative in X-ray developing solutions.

Q: Is Glutaraldehyde %24 considered a fire hazard?

A: No, Glutaraldehyde %24 is a non-flammable liquid.

Q: What is the recommended protective clothing when handling Glutaraldehyde %24?

A: Aprons and other protective clothing made from materials such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, Viton™, butyl rubber, natural rubber latex, neoprene or nitrile rubber can offer protection when handling Glutaraldehyde %24 solutions.

Sources

OSHA Occupational Chemical Database for Glutaraldehyde %24

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, “NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards-Glutaraldehyde %24”

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, “Workplace Safety and Health Topics – Glutaraldehyde %24”

GLUTARALDEHT %24

Glutaraldehit %24

Özgür ansiklopedi

Gezintiye atlaArama yapmak için atla

Glutaraldehit %24

Glutaraldehyde’in iskelet formülü% 24

Glutaraldehit %24 molekülünün top ve çubuk modeli

Glutaraldehit %24

Bilgi kutusu referanslar

Glutaraldehit %24, Cidex ve Glutaral markalar altnda satlan dezenfektan, ilaç, koruyucu ve fiksatiftir. [3] [4] [5] [6] Dezenfektan olarak cerrahi aletlerin ve hastanelerin dier alanlarnn sterilize edilmesinde kullanlr. [3] laç olarak ayak tabanndaki siillerin tedavisinde kullanlr. [4] Glutaraldehit %24 likit olarak uygulanr. [3]

Yan etkiler cilt tahriini içerir. [4] Çok miktarda maruz kalnmas halinde mide bulants, ba ars ve nefes darl ortaya çkabilir. [3] Özellikle yüksek konsantrasyonlarda kullanldnda koruyucu ekipman önerilir. [3] Glutaraldehit %24 sporlar dahil bir dizi mikroorganizmaya kar etkilidir. [3] [7] Glutaraldehit %24 bir dialdehittir. [8] Bir dizi mekanizma ile çalr. [7]

Glutaraldehit %24, 1960’larda tbbi kullanma girmitir. [9] Dünya Salk Örgütü’nün Temel laçlar Listesinde yer almaktadr. [10] Deri tabaklama gibi baka ticari kullanmlar da vardr. [11]

Dezenfeksiyon

Glutaraldehit %24 dezenfektan ve ilaç olarak kullanlmaktadr. [3] [4] [12]

Genellikle çözelti olarak uygulanr, cerrahi aletlerin ve dier alanlarn sterilize edilmesinde kullanlr. [3]

Fiksatif

Glutaraldehit %24 biyokimya uygulamalarnda SDS-PAGE, boyama veya elektron mikroskobu öncesinde amin reaktif homobifonksiyonel çapraz balayc ve fiksatif olarak kullanlr. Proteinlerini çapraz balayarak hücreleri hzla öldürür. Bakteri, bitki materyali ve insan hücreleri gibi örnekleri stabilize etmek için genellikle tek bana veya formaldehitle [13] kartrlarak iki fiksatif ilemden ilki olarak kullanlr. kinci bir fiksatif prosedür, hücre ve organel membran lipidlerini çapraz balamak ve stabilize etmek için osmiyum tetroksit kullanr. Fiksasyonu genellikle dokunun etanol veya aseton içinde dehidrasyonu ve ardndan bir epoksi reçinesi veya akrilik reçineye gömülmesi izler.

Proteinlerin Glutaraldehit %24 ile tedavisine yönelik baka bir uygulama da, GlaxoSmithKline tarafndan üretilen Boostrix Tdap asndaki bomaca (bomaca) toksoid bileeni gibi toksoid alar oluturmak için bakteriyel toksinlerin inaktivasyonudur. [14]

lgili bir uygulamada, Glutaraldehit %24 bazen deri tabaklama ve mumyalama ilemlerinde kullanlmaktadr. [Kaynak belirtilmeli]

Emniyet

Güçlü bir sterilan olan Glutaraldehit %24 toksik ve güçlü bir tahri edicidir. [16] Kanserojen aktiviteye dair güçlü bir kant yoktur. [17] Bu kimyasalla çalan baz mesleklerde baz kanser riski artmtr. [17]

Hareket mekanizmas

Glutaraldehit %24’ün biyosidal özelliklerini açklamak için bir dizi mekanizmaya bavurulmutur. [7] Dier birçok aldehit gibi, proteinlerde ortak fonksiyonel gruplar olan aminler ve tiyol gruplar ile reaksiyona girer. ki ilevli olduundan, ayn zamanda potansiyel bir çapraz balaycdr. [18]

Üretim ve reaksiyonlar

Glutaraldehit %24’ün Diels-Alder reaksiyonu ile sentezi.

Glutaraldehit %24 endüstriyel olarak siklopentenin oksidasyonu ile üretilir. Alternatif olarak, akrolein ve vinil eterlerin Diels-Alder reaksiyonu ve ardndan hidroliz ile yaplabilir. [19]

Dier birçok dialdehit (örn., Glioksal) ve basit aldehitler (örn. Formaldehit) gibi, Glutaraldehit %24 sulu çözeltide çeitli hidratlara dönüür ve bu da dier dengeleyici türlere dönüür. [Açklama gerekli] [20] [19]

Monomerik Glutaraldehit %24, aldol kondensasyon reaksiyonu ile polimerize olur ve alfa, beta-doymam poli-Glutaraldehit %24 verir. Bu reaksiyon genellikle alkali pH deerlerinde meydana gelir. [Tbbi kaynak belirtilmeli]

Tarih ve kültür

Glutaraldehit %24, 1960’larda tbbi kullanma girmitir. [9] Bir salk sisteminde ihtiyaç duyulan en güvenli ve en etkili ilaçlar Dünya Salk Örgütü Temel laçlar Listesinde yer almaktadr. [10] Deri tabaklama gibi baka ticari kullanmlar da vardr. [11]

Sistem dezenfeksiyonu için biyosit ve uzun süreli saklama için koruyucu olarak% 0.1 ila% 1.0 konsantrasyonda bir Glutaraldehit %24 solüsyonu kullanlabilir. Steril bir maddedir, birçok mikroorganizma ve virüse ek olarak endosporlar öldürür. [21]

Biyosit olarak Glutaraldehit %24, hidrolik krlma (“çatlatma”) svsnn bir bileenidir. Alpha 1427 adl katk maddesine dahildir. [22] Bakteriyel büyüme, bu kuyulardan petrol ve gaz çkarlmasna zarar verir. Glutaraldehit %24 mikrobiyal büyümeyi engellemek için krlma svsnn bir bileeni olarak pompalanr. [Tbbi kaynak belirtilmeli]

Yaync Özeti

Bu bölüm Glutaraldehit %24’ün biyolojik kullanmlarn ve önemini açklamaktadr. Aldehitin modern endüstriyel üretimi, daha sonra Glutaraldehit %24 ve etanol oluturmak üzere suyla hidrolize edilen bir etoksi dihidropiran üretmek için akroleinin vinil etil eter ile etkileiminden iki aamal bir sentezi içerir. Glutaraldehit %24 üç ana alanda kullanlmaktadr: (1) deri tabaklama, (2) sterilizasyon ve dezenfeksiyon ve (3) elektron mikroskobu için doku fiksasyonu. Bu bölüm, bu konularn son ikisini tartmaktadr. Glutaraldehit %24, osmiyum tetroksit, formaldehit, akrolein, potasyum dikromat, Clarke svs ve kromik asit dahil olmak üzere hem k hem de elektron mikroskobik seviyelerde Phaseolus vulgaris’in kök ucundan bitki hücreleri üzerindeki bir takm fiksatiflerin etkilerinin aratrlmas, asetik ve su, Glutaraldehit %24’ün mükemmel bir genel fiksatif olduunu gösterdi. Bölüm, yakn zamanda piyasaya sürülen% 24 Glutaraldehyde içeren fiksatifleri tartmaktadr.

Genel Bak

CAS No. 111-30-8

Glutaraldehit %24, C5H8O2 veya OCH (CH₂) ₃CHO, effaf yal, keskin kokulu bir svdr. Glutaraldehit %24’e maruz kalma u semptomlara neden olabilir: boaz ve akcier tahrii, astm ve nefes almada güçlük, deri iltihab, burun tahrii, haprma, hrltl solunum, gözlerde yanma ve konjunktivit. Glutaraldehit %24’e maruz kalan içiler zarar görebilir. Çalanlar, soluma veya cilt ile temas yoluyla Glutaraldehit %24’e maruz kalabilirler. Maruz kalma seviyesi doza, süreye ve yaplan ie baldr.

Glutaraldehit %24 bir dizi uygulama için kullanlr:

NIOSH, iverenlerin yaralanmalar önlemek için Kontrol Hiyerarisini kullanmasn tavsiye eder. Glutaraldehit %24 kullanan bir endüstride çalyorsanz, tehlike bilgisi için lütfen kimyasal etiketleri ve beraberindeki Güvenlik Bilgi Formunu okuyun. Kimyasal iyeri maruziyetlerini kontrol etme hakknda daha fazla bilgi edinmek için NIOSH’un Yerinde Kimyasal Güvenlii Yönetme sayfasn ziyaret edin.

Aadaki kaynaklar, Glutaraldehit %24’e mesleki maruziyet hakknda bilgi salar. Glutaraldehit %24 için faydal arama terimleri arasnda “glutarik dialdehit” ve “1,5-pentanedial” bulunur.

lgili NIOSH Kaynaklar

Glutaraldehyde üzerinde NIOSHTIC-2 arama sonuçlar% 24 NIOSH tarafndan ksmen veya tamamen desteklenen içi güvenlii ve sal yaynlar, dokümanlar, hibe raporlar ve dergi makalelerinin aranabilir veritaban.

Aldehitler, tarama (No. 2539) NIOSH Analitik Yöntemler Klavuzu (NMAM)

Seçilmi Yaynlar

NIOSH Cilt Gösterim Profilleri: Glutaraldehit %24 DHHS (NIOSH) Yayn No. 2011-149 (2011)

NIOSH Glutaraldehit %24: Hastanelerde Mesleki Tehlikeler DHHS (NIOSH) Yayn No. 2001-115. Glutaraldehit %24’ün salk üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri hakknda bilgi verir, hastane çalanlarnn Glutaraldehit %24’e nasl maruz kalabileceini açklar ve maruziyeti önlemek veya azaltmak için kontrol yöntemlerini ve çalma uygulamalarn tanmlar. En Español

NIOSH Güncel stihbarat Bülteni 55: Asetaldehit ve Malonaldehidin Kanserojenlii ve lgili Düük Moleküler Arlkl Aldehitlerin Mutajenitesi (NIOSH) Yayn No. 91-112

Asetaldehit ve malonaldehitin potansiyel kanserojenlii ve mutajenitesi, ilgili dokuz aldehitin kimyasal reaktivitesi ve mutajenitesi hakknda bilgiler ve Glutaraldehit %24’e maruz kalabilecek en aza indirmeye yönelik klavuzlar içerir ve maruziyeti önlemek veya azaltmak için kontrol yöntemlerini ve çalma uygulamalarn tanmlar.

NIOSH Güncel stihbarat Bülteni 55: Asetaldehit ve Malonaldehidin Kanserojenlii ve lgili Düük Moleküler Arlkl Aldehitlerin Mutajenitesi (NIOSH) Yayn No. 91-112

Asetaldehit ve malonaldehitin potansiyel kanserojenlii ve mutajenitesi, ilgili dokuz aldehitin kimyasal reaktivitesi ve mutajenitesi hakknda bilgiler ve mesleki maruziyetleri en aza indirmek için yönergeler içerir.

Kimyasal Maddelerin Toksik Etkileri NIOSH Kayd (RTECS): Glutaraldehit %24 Toksik salk etkileri hakknda ayrntl bilgiler ve Glutaraldehit %24 için resmi maruz kalma önerileri ve standartlar içerir.

alakal kaynaklar

Toksik Maddeler ve Hastalk Sicil Dairesi (ASTDR): Glutaraldehit %24

Glutaraldehit için ASTDR Toksikolojik Profil% 24

ASTDR ToxGuide: Glutaraldehit %24pdf simgesi

FDA Onayl Sterilantlar ve Yüksek Seviye Dezenfektanlar harici simge

EPA Kimya Kontrol Paneli: Glutaraldey d simge

EPA: Etilen Oksit ve Glutaraldehit ndirgeme% 24 Usepdf iconexternal ikon

Mesleki Güvenlik ve Salk daresi (OSHA) Salk Hizmetlerinde Güvenli Glutaraldehit Kullanm için En yi Uygulamalar% 24harici simgesi

OSHA Hospital eTool: Glutaraldehit %24external simgesi

OSHA Tehlike letiimi harici simgesi

New Jersey Tehlikeli Madde Bilgi Sayfalar: Glutaraldehit %24external simgesi

Uluslararas Kaynaklar

Avrupa Kimyasallar Ajans (ECHA): Glutaraldehit %24external simgesi

INCHEM-Uluslararas Kimyasal Güvenlik Veri Kart: Glutaraldehit %24external simgesi

Gestis Madde Veritabanna harici simge

Kimyasal Maddelere likin Bilgi için OECD Küresel Portalharici simgesi

Ekonomik birlii ve Kalknma Örgütü (OECD) Tarama Bilgi Veri Setleri (SIDS): Glutaraldehit %24external icon

Glutaraldehit %24, 50 yl akn süredir üst düzey bir dezenfektandr. Dezenfektan olarak, cerrahi aletlerdeki zararl mikroorganizmalar yok etmek için kullanlr ve bir salk tesisinin dier bölümlerinde fiksatif veya koruyucu olarak baka kullanmlar vardr. Ancak dezenfektan olarak kullanmndan havaya karabilir ve çalanlar ve hastalar kimyasala maruz kalabilir. Çalanlara uzun süre maruz kalmak bir sorun haline gelebilir.

CHT olarak, çalanlarnzn salklarn çevresel izleme ile korumalarna yönelik çözümler sunuyoruz. Çalanlarnz güvende tutmann ve salk tesisinizi uyumlu tutmann çok önemli olduunu biliyoruz. Bu yazda Glutaraldehit %24’ün iyerinde salk üzerindeki etkilerini ve kimyasal güvenliini yönetmeyi tartyoruz.

Glutaraldehit %24

Glutaraldehit %24 Salk Tesislerinde Nasl Kullanlr?

Glutaraldehit %24, endoskoplar, diyaliz cihazlar ve daha fazlas gibi sya duyarl çeitli aletleri dezenfekte etmek için souk bir sterilant olarak kullanlr. Is ile sterilize edilemeyen cerrahi aletler için yüksek seviye dezenfektan olarak kullanlr.

Glutaraldehit %24, salk tesislerinde çeitli uygulamalar için kullanlr:

Glutaraldehit %24 maruziyetiyle ilikili riskler vardr.

Salk Tesislerinde Mesleki Tehlikeler

Glutaraldehit %24, astm, solunum güçlükleri, solunum tahrii ve deri döküntüleri dahil olmak üzere hafiften iddetliye kadar çeitli salk etkileriyle ilikilendirilmitir (Pryor, 1984; Crandall, 1987).

“Glutaraldehit %24 dezenfeksiyon / sterilizasyonun yapld odalar, yeterli buhar seyreltmesini salayacak kadar büyük olmal ve saatte minimum on hava deiimi hava deiim oranna sahip olmaldr.” [kaynak]

PPE, çalanlar Glutaraldehit %24 gibi yüksek seviye dezenfektanlar kullanmann tehlikelerine kar korur. Kullanlan dezenfektann türüne baklmakszn, tesisler ciltlerini ve gözlerini temastan korumak için tasarlanm uygun KKD’yi kullanmaldr.

Glutaraldehyde’in potansiyel antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin en erken belirtilerinden biri% 24

doymu dialdehitlerin sporisidal aktivitesi aratrmasnn sonuçlarndan geldi.

formaldehit için etkili bir ikame aray (Pepper & Lieberman 1962).

Pepper & Chandler (1963) tarafndan yaplan dier çalmalar, alkollü içeceklerde Glutaraldehit % 24 olduunu ortaya koymutur.

solüsyon sporisidal ajan olarak hem formaldehit hem de glioksaldan üstündü.

Kimyasal sterilizasyon solüsyonu olarak Glutaraldehit %24 iddialarnda, Stonehill ve ark.

(1963), Glutaraldehit %24’ün sulu çözeltilerinin hafif asidik olduunu ve

antimikrobiyal aktivite için uygun alkaliletirici maddelerle 7.5-8.5 pH’a tamponlanmas gerekir. 0.3’j / ilavesi ile alkali pH’a tamponlanm% 2.0 (w / v) Glutaraldehit %24,

(w / v) sodyum bikarbonat minimum konsantrasyonu salamak için savunuldu ve

hzl sporisidal aktivite için gerekli koullar. Bu çözüm daha büyük bir sporisidal

% 8 formaldehitten daha fazla aktivite (Tablo 3). Bu alkali çözeltinin deeri daha sonrayd

Snyder & Cheatle (1965) tarafndan onayland. Daha sonra Glutaraldehit %24 her zaman

pH 7.5-8.5’te alkali çözelti olarak kullanlmas önerilir.

1963,% 2’lik bir çözüm (Cidex), Ethicon Inc. tarafndan pazarland ve “aktivasyon” ile

Bir kemosterizör olarak kullanlmadan önce% 0,3 (w / v) sodyum bikarbonat.

Bir kimyasal madde ile sterilizasyon için gereken süre, öldürme süresine baldr.

ajan tarafndan makul bir spor zorluuna kar elde edilmitir.

en dirençli olun. % 2’lik kullanm-seyreltmede Glutaraldehit %24 öldürme yeteneine sahipti

Bacillus ve Clostridium sp. 3 saat içinde (Stonehill ve dierleri 1963; Borick ve dierleri 1964).

Rubbo ve a /. (1967) B. anthracis ve CI sporlarnn% 99.99 orannda öldürüldüünü bildirdi. 15 de tetani

ve srasyla 30 dakika. Sonuçlarndan, tüm türlerin

eit derecede duyarl ve test edilen organizmalar arasnda B. pumilis en dirençliydi.

Boucher (1974), B. subtilis sporlarnn tedaviye en dirençli olduunu buldu.

Glutaraldehit %24. Resmi Analitik Kimyaclar Dernei (AOAC) sporisidal testi ve vakumla kurutulmu sporlar kullanarak, tam öldürme için 10 saatin gerekli olduunu buldu.

Bununla birlikte, benzer zamanda hayatta kalan ölçümleri ve B. subtilis sporlarnn sulu süspansiyonlarn kullanan dier çalmalar, 3 saatlik bir temas süresinin yaklak olarak alt

uygulanabilir saydaki günlük düüü (Sierra & Boucher 1971; Kelsey ve dierleri 1974; Forsyth 1975;

Miner vd. 1977).

Bitkisel bakteriler, Glutaraldehit %24’ün etkisine kolaylkla duyarldr. Gosterildigi gibi

Tablo 4’te,% 0.02 sulu alkali çözelti, Gram pozitif

ve Gram negatif türler,% 2’lik bir çözelti ise birçok vejetatif bitkiyi öldürebilir.

2 dakika içinde Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa dahil olmak üzere türler (Stonehill el al. 1963). McGucken ve Woodside (1973)

Esch’in 10 dakika içinde tamamen öldürüldüünü bildirdi. coli (2 x lo8 hücre / ml) ile 100 pg / ml alkalin

Aktifletirilmemi asit çözeltisi tarafndan üretilen% 45’lik öldürmeye kyasla% 24 Glutaraldehit. çinde

Leers eta / tarafndan Cidex ve Savlon’un karlatrmal bir çalmas. (1974) paslanmaz çelik penisilindirler, neopren ‘0’ halkalar ve polivinil borular bir dizi ürün için tayc olarak kullanlmtr.

kullanm srasnda simüle etmek için Ps.aeruginosa ve Mycobacterium smegmatis dahil organizmalar

aletlerin, kateter tüplerinin ve anestezik ekipmann sterilizasyonu için koullar. Cidex, üç tayc üzerinde de etkiliyken, Savlon yalnzca ksmen

özellikle Ps.aeruginosa ve Staph.aureus’a kar etkilidir.

Tüberkül basili, en çok kullanlanlardan biri olduu için hakl bir itibar kazanmtr.

yok edilmesi zor türler ve antibakteriyel ajanlara kar direnci olarak kabul edilir

sporlanan ve spor yapmayan organizmalar arasndaki ara madde (Spaulding ve dierleri, 1977).

yi tüberkülosit aktivitesi Glutaraldehit %24’e atfedilse de (Stonehill ve ark. 1963; Borick ve ark. 1964), sonraki çalmalar yava olduunu göstermitir.

Myco. tuberculosis’e kar eylem (Rubbo ve dierleri, 1967), formaldehit veya iyottan daha az etkilidir (Bergan & Lystad 1971). Relyveld (1977) tarafndan iddia edilmitir

Glutaraldehit %24’ün aktivitesi, hipoklorite edeer veya daha üstündür.

mikobakterilere kar etkinlii dnda. Resim biraz kark

Collins & Montalbine (1976) ‘nn dialdehitin hzla

oda scaklnda mikobakterisidal. Sonraki yazarlar tarafndan benimsenen deneysel tekniin, geçerlilii konusunda çok önemli bir üphe brakt da eklenmelidir.

ulalan sonuçlardan.

B. Antifingal aktivite

Glutaraldehit %24’ün antifungal aktivitesi ilk olarak Stonehill ve ark. (1963),

Trichophyton interdigitale büyümesinin 5 dakika engellendiini bildiren

% 2’lik bir alkali çözeltiye maruz kalma ve bu çözelti,

test edilen ticari olarak temin edilebilen dier preparatlarn says.

% 1’lik bir çözelti de mantar öldürücüdür (Dabrowa ve dierleri, 1972), ancak Candida albicans ve Microsporium jips ile kontamine olmu gözenekli yüzeyler önemli ölçüde daha zordur.

pürüzsüz yüzeylere göre% 24 Glutaraldehyde ile dezenfekte etmek (Tadeusiak 1976).

Aspergillus niger, Glutaraldehit %24’e dier mantarlardan daha dirençlidir (Rubbo ve ark.

1967; Gorman ve Scott 1977a). Bir dizi baka mantar türü ile ortak olarak,

bununla birlikte, hem misel büyümesi hem de sporülasyon,% 0.5 alkali Glutaraldehit %24 ile inhibe edilirken, spor imesi% 0.5’lik bir çözelti ile tamamen durdurulur. Mantar öldürücü aktivite

ayrca gösterilmitir (ekil 1).

Glutaraldehit %24 Ne çin Kullanlr?

Glutaraldehit %24, birçok endüstri ve meslekte çeitli kullanm alanlarna sahiptir. En çok salk sektöründe bulunur ve s ile sterilize edilemeyen tbbi ekipman dezenfekte etmek için kullanlr. Glutaraldehit %24’ün balca kullanm alanlar unlardr:

Glutaraldehit %24 (C5H8O2) çounlukla suda% 0,1 ile% 50 Glutaraldehit %24 arasnda deien solüsyonlarla seyreltilmi bir formda kullanlr. Renksiz, yal bir svdr ve bazen çürük elma kokusuna sahiptir. Buhar durumunda, Glutaraldehit %24, koku eik seviyesi milyonda 0,04 parça (ppm) olan keskin bir kokuya sahiptir.% 24 içeren Glutaraldehyde formülasyonlarnn ticari isimleri arasnda Cidex®, Sonacide®, Sporicidin®, Hospex®, Omnicide bulunur ®, Metricide®, Rapicide® ve Wavicide®.

Maruz Kalma Snrlar

OSHA, Glutaraldehit %24 için izin verilen bir maruz kalma snr (PEL) belirlememitir. NIOSH, Glutaraldehit %24 / 0.2 ppm için önerilen bir maruz kalma snr (REL) oluturmutur. Bu, 40 saatlik bir çalma haftas boyunca 10 saate kadar bir i günü için zaman arlkl ortalama (TWA) maruz kalma snrdr. Amerikan Resmi Endüstriyel Hijyenistler Konferans (ACGIH) 0.05 ppm’lik bir tavan Eik Snr Deeri (TLV) belirlemitir. Bu, vardiyann herhangi bir bölümünde almamas gereken havadaki konsantrasyondur.

Glutaraldehit %24 Salk Tehlikesi Sunar m?

Glutaraldehit %24 cilt, gözler ve solunum sistemini tahri eder. Maruz kalma semptomlar arasnda yanma hissi, dermatit, ba ars, öksürük, nefes darl, bulant ve kusma yer alabilir. Glutaraldehit %24’e sürekli tekrarlanan maruziyet, cilt ve solunum yollarn tahri edici etkileri younlatrabilir. Cilt veya göz rahatszl öyküsü olan herkes, maruziyetten dolay yüksek bir risk altnda olabilir.

lk yardm

Gözler: Glutaraldehit %24 göze temas ederse, gözleri derhal bol suyla ykayn ve ara sra alt ve üst göz kapaklarn kaldrn. Derhal tbbi yardm isteyin. Glutaraldehit %24 ile çalrken kontakt lens taklmamaldr.

Cilt: Glutaraldehit %24 cilde temas ederse, kontamine cildi derhal en az 15 dakika boyunca suyla ykayn. Glutaraldehit %24 giysiye nüfuz ederse, derhal kyafeti çkarn ve cildi en az 15 dakika su ile ykayn. Derhal tbbi yardm isteyin.

Soluma: Fazla miktarda Glutaraldehit %24 solunursa, maruz kalan kiiyi hemen temiz havaya çkarn. Solunum durduysa, derhal kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyona (CPR) balayn. Kiiyi scak tutun ve dinlendirin. Mümkün olan en ksa sürede tbbi yardm aln.

Yutma: Derhal tbbi yardm aln.

Glutaraldehit %24 ile Ne Tür Kiisel Koruyucu Ekipman Kullanlmaldr?

Glutaraldehit %24 maruziyetini önlemeye yardmc olmak için kiisel koruyucu ekipman (KKD) mühendislik ve idari kontrollerle birlikte kullanlmaldr.

Konsantre Glutaraldehit %24 kullanldnda veya sçramann meydana gelebilecei yerlerde koruyucu gözlük düünülmelidir, dolayl havalandrmal veya havalandrmasz gözlük kullanmak ve köpük dolgulu gözlüklerden kaçnmak en iyisidir.

Glutaraldehit %24 ile çalrken koruyucu giysiler giyilmelidir. Polietilen, polivinil klorür, Viton ™, bütil kauçuk, doal kauçuk lateks, neopren ve nitril kauçuk,% 24 Glutaraldehit çözeltilerine kar yeterli koruma salar ve eldiven ve önlükler için uyumlu malzemelerdir.

Solunum sisteminin korunmas: Glutaraldehit %24 için yaam ve salk için hemen tehlikeli (IDLH) maruz kalma snr belirlenmemi olsa da, baz solunum cihaz üreticileri klavuzlar yaynlamtr. 3M’in solunum cihaz seçim klavuzu burada, MSA’lar ise burada bulunabilir.

Hava zleme

Kiisel monitörler, pasif gaz monitörleri ve buhar ölçerler, içilerin% 24 Glutaraldehyde maruziyetini belirlemeye yardmc olabilir.

C: Dezenfektan, mikroorganizmalar öldürmek için cansz nesnelere uygulanan kimyasal veya fiziksel bir maddedir. Aartc (sodyum hipoklorit), fenolik bileikler ve formaldehit dezenfektan örnekleridir. Bir sterilan, sporlarn yan sra tüm mikroorganizmalar öldürmek için cansz nesnelere uygulanan kimyasal veya fiziksel bir ilemdir. Glutaraldehit %24 ve etilen oksit sterilantlara örnektir.

S: Glutaraldehit %24’e maruz kalma en olas nerede?

C: Glutaraldehit %24’e maruz kalma, büyük ihtimalle salk sektöründedir. Hastanelerde tbbi malzeme ve aletlerin souk sterilizasyonu için, ayrca üroloji, endoskopi ve dihekimlii bölümlerinde dezenfektan olarak kullanlmaktadr. Ayrca X-n gelitiren çözümlerde fiksatif olarak kullanlr.

S: Glutaraldehit %24 bir yangn tehlikesi olarak kabul edilir mi?

C: Hayr, Glutaraldehit %24 yanc olmayan bir svdr.

S: Glutaraldehit %24 ile çalrken önerilen koruyucu kyafet nedir?

C: Polietilen, polivinil klorür, Viton ™, butil kauçuk, doal kauçuk lateks, neopren veya nitril kauçuk gibi malzemelerden yaplm önlükler ve dier koruyucu giysiler, Glutaraldehit %24 solüsyonlar ile çalrken koruma salayabilir.

Kaynaklar

OSHA Glutaraldehit %24 için Mesleki Kimyasal Veritaban

Ulusal Mesleki Güvenlik ve Salk Enstitüsü, “Kimyasal Tehlikeler için NIOSH Cep Rehberi-Glutaraldehit %24”

Ulusal Mesleki Güvenlik ve Salk Enstitüsü, “yeri Güvenlii ve Sal Konular – Glutaraldehit %24”

GLUTARALDEHYDE %24(GLUTARALDEHT %24)

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GLUTARALDEHYDE %24(GLUTARALDEHT %24)

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