GLYCERYL MONOOLEATE (GLSERL MONOOLEAT)

CAS No. : 111-03-5

EC No. : 203-827-7

Synonyms:

Monoolein; 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl oleate; 1-Monoolein; 111-03-5; Glyceryl monooleate; 1-Oleoylglycerol; Glycerin 1-monooleate; 1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol; Glyceryl oleate; Glycerol 1-monooleate; 1-Glyceryl oleate; 1-Monooleoylglycerol; rac-1-Monoolein; Aldo HMO; Aldo MO; Glycerol oleate; Danisco MO 90; GLYCEROL MONOOLEATE; 1-Monooleoyl-rac-glycerol; Monooleoylglycerol; Oleic monoglyceride; rac-1-Monooleoylglycerol; Olein, 1-mono-; Oleoylglycerol; Olicine; Peceol; Supeol; alpha-Monoolein; Sinnoester ogc; Oleylmonoglyceride; Dimodan LSQK; Emalsy MO; Emalsy OL; Glycerol alpha-monooleate; 1-Oleylglycerol; Adchem GMO; Edenor GMO; Emcol O; Kessco GMO; Nikkol MGO; Glycerin monooleate; Mazol GMO; Monoglyceryl oleate; Olein, mono-; Glyceryl 1-oleate; Monoolein (VAN); Glycerine monooleate; Glycolube 100; 1-Mono(cis-9-octacenoyl)glycerol; Harowax L 9; Rikemal ol 100; Aldo MO-FG; Arlacel 129; Dimodan GMO 90; Rikemal O 71D; Sunsoft O 30B; Kemester 2000; Emasol MO 50; Loxiol G 10; Alkamuls GMO 45LG; Emerest 2421; Monomuls 90018; AJAX GMO; Excel O 95F; Excel O 95N; Excel O 95R; Aldo 40; Canamex Glicepol 182; Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate); Emrite 6009; Oleic acid monoglyceride; Emuldan RYLO-MG 90; Atmer 1007; Dur-Em 204; 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-rac-glycerol; Dur-EM 114; Glyceryl Monooleate (VAN); .alpha.-Monoolein; Glyceryl cis-9-octadecenoate; Oleic acid glycerol monoester; Emery oleic acid ester 2221; FEMA No. 2526; Monoolein; 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl oleate; 1-Monoolein; 111-03-5; Glyceryl monooleate; 1-Oleoylglycerol; Glycerin 1-monooleate; 1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol; Glyceryl oleate; Glycerol 1-monooleate; 1-Glyceryl oleate; 1-Monooleoylglycerol; rac-1-Monoolein; Aldo HMO; Aldo MO; Glycerol oleate; Danisco MO 90; GLYCEROL MONOOLEATE; 1-Monooleoyl-rac-glycerol; Monooleoylglycerol; Oleic monoglyceride; rac-1-Monooleoylglycerol; Olein, 1-mono-; GLYCERYL MONOOLEATE (GLSERL MONOOLEAT); Oleoylglycerol; Olicine; Peceol; Supeol; alpha-Monoolein; Sinnoester ogc; Oleylmonoglyceride; Dimodan LSQK; Emalsy MO; Emalsy OL; Glycerol alpha-monooleate; 1-Oleylglycerol; Adchem GMO; Edenor GMO; Emcol O; Kessco GMO; Nikkol MGO; Glycerin monooleate; Mazol GMO; Monoglyceryl oleate; Olein, mono-; Glyceryl 1-oleate; Monoolein (VAN); Glycerine monooleate; Glycolube 100; 1-Mono(cis-9-octacenoyl)glycerol; Harowax L 9; Rikemal ol 100; Aldo MO-FG; Arlacel 129; Dimodan GMO 90; Rikemal O 71D; Sunsoft O 30B; Kemester 2000; Emasol MO 50; Loxiol G 10; Alkamuls GMO 45LG; Emerest 2421; Monomuls 90018; AJAX GMO; Excel O 95F; Excel O 95N; Excel O 95R; Aldo 40; Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate); Canamex Glicepol 182; Emrite 6009; Oleic acid monoglyceride; Emuldan RYLO-MG 90; Atmer 1007; Dur-Em 204; 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-rac-glycerol; Dur-EM 114; Glyceryl Monooleate (VAN); .alpha.-Monoolein; Glyceryl cis-9-octadecenoate; Oleic acid glycerol monoester; Emery oleic acid ester 2221; FEMA No. 2526; HSDB 493; Glycerol alpha-cis-9-octadecenate; GMO 8903; Oleic acid, monoester with glycerol; EINECS 247-038-6; MFCD00042735; OL 100; rac-Glycerol 1-monooleate; 25496-72-4; Glycerol, 1-mono (9-octa-decenoate); Glycerol .alpha.-monooleate; S 1096R; Olein, 1-mono- (8CI); 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate; 9-OCTADECENOIC ACID (Z)-, 2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL ESTER; GLYCERYL MONOOLEATE (GLSERL MONOOLEAT); 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol; CHEBI:75342; 1,2,3-Propanetriol mono((Z)-9-octadecenoate); S 1096; S 1097; Glycerol .alpha.-cis-9-octadecenate; 1-(cis-9-Octadecenoyl)-rac-glycerol; 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; 9-Octadecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0)[rac]; oleoyl-glycerol; rac 1-Oleoyl Glycerol-d5; W-109408; W-110892; 9-Octadecenoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol; 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (9CI); 1-oleoyl glycerol; Glycerol 1-oleate; 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol; 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate; Rylo MG 19; Glyceryl monooleate [NF]; Oleoyl glycerol; Ablunol GMO; DL-a-Monoolein; dl-alpha-Monoolein; Glycerol-1-oleate; C21H40O4; EINECS 203-827-7; Dimodan MO 90; Glycerol Mono Oleate; GMO Glycerinmonooleat; Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate); Witconol 2421; NSC 406285; dl-.alpha.-Monoolein; Glycerides, C14-18 and C16-18-unsatd. mono- and di-; 9-Octadecenoicacid(Z)-,2,3-dihydroxypropylester; GLYCERYL-1-OLEATE; SCHEMBL15603; 1-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol; 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl Oleate;; Mazol 300 K (Salt/Mix); 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol; CHEMBL428593; GTPL5756; DTXSID3042003; 1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol, >=99%; 6624AF; LMGL01010005; NSC406285; AKOS015966695; DB13171; MCULE-9846233643; NSC-406285; AK126513; LS-98319; HY-128754; CS-0102558; G0082; 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl (9Z)-9-octadecenoate #; 1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol, technical, ~40% (TLC); 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; cis-9-Octadecenoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; MG (18:1/0:0/0:0); Q27071132; 9-Octadecenenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; 9-octadecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (9Z)-; CFF6FE9F-EF1B-4B03-88B1-5421DCF14582; 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (9CI); 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol (9CI); 33978-07-3; 925-14-4; Glyceryl cis-9-octadecenoate;glyceryl oleate;Glyceryl monooleate;monoolein;9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, monoester with 1,2,3-pr;Oleic acid, monoester with glycerol; Glyceryl monooleate; Gliseril monooleat; glserl monooleat; gliceryl monooleate; gliceril monolate; glyceryl monolat; HSDB 493; Glycerol alpha-cis-9-octadecenate; GMO 8903; Oleic acid, monoester with glycerol; EINECS 247-038-6; MFCD00042735; OL 100; rac-Glycerol 1-monooleate; 25496-72-4; Glycerol, 1-mono (9-octa-decenoate); Glycerol .alpha.-monooleate; S 1096R; Olein, 1-mono- (8CI); 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate; 9-OCTADECENOIC ACID (Z)-, 2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL ESTER; Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate); 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol; CHEBI:75342; 1,2,3-Propanetriol mono((Z)-9-octadecenoate); S 1096; S 1097; Glycerol .alpha.-cis-9-octadecenate; 1-(cis-9-Octadecenoyl)-rac-glycerol; 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; 9-Octadecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; MG(18:1(9Z)/0:0/0:0)[rac]; oleoyl-glycerol; rac 1-Oleoyl Glycerol-d5; W-109408; W-110892; 9-Octadecenoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol; 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (9CI); 1-oleoyl glycerol; Glycerol 1-oleate; 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol; 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate; Rylo MG 19; Glyceryl monooleate [NF]; Oleoyl glycerol; Ablunol GMO; DL-a-Monoolein; dl-alpha-Monoolein; Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate); Glycerol-1-oleate; C21H40O4; EINECS 203-827-7; Dimodan MO 90; Glycerol Mono Oleate; GMO Glycerinmonooleat; Witconol 2421; NSC 406285; dl-.alpha.-Monoolein; Glycerides, C14-18 and C16-18-unsatd. mono- and di-; 9-Octadecenoicacid(Z)-,2,3-dihydroxypropylester; Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate); GLYCERYL-1-OLEATE; SCHEMBL15603; 1-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol; 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl Oleate; GLYCERYL MONOOLEATE (GLSERL MONOOLEAT); Mazol 300 K (Salt/Mix); 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol; CHEMBL428593; GTPL5756; DTXSID3042003; 1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol, >=99%; 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl (9Z)-9-octadecenoate; 1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol, technical, ~40% (TLC); 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; cis-9-Octadecenoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; Q27071132; 9-Octadecenenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; 9-octadecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (9Z)-; 9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (9CI); 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol (9CI); 33978-07-3; 925-14-4; Glyceryl cis-9-octadecenoate;glyceryl oleate;Glyceryl monooleate;monoolein;9-Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-, monoester with 1,2,3-pr;Oleic acid, monoester with glycerol; Glyceryl monooleate; Gliseril monooleat; glserl monooleat; gliceryl monooleate; gliceril monolate; glyceryl monolat

Glyceryl Monooleate

Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) is a polar lipid that can exist in various liquid crystalline phases in the presence of different amounts of water. It is regarded as a permeation enhancer due to its amphiphilic property. Various phases of Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)/solvent system containing sodium fluorescein were prepared to compare permeability using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) was melted in a vial in a water bath heated to 45 °C. Propylene glycol and hexanediol were homogeneously dissolved in the melted Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat). Sodium fluorescein in aqueous solution was diluted to various ratios and thoroughly mixed by an ultrasonic homogenizer. Each Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)/Solvent system with fluorescein was applied onto the epidermal side of excised pig skin and incubated overnight. CLSM was performed to observe how the Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)/solvent system in its different phases affect skin permeability. Cubic and lamellar phase formulations enhanced the fluorescein permeation through the stratum corneum. A solution system had the weakest permeability compared to the other two phases. Due to the amphiphilic nature of Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat), cubic and lamellar phases might reduce the barrier function of stratum corneum which was observed by CLSM as fluorescein accumulated in the dermis. Based on the results, the Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) lyotropic mixtures could be applied to enhance skin permeation in various topical and transdermal formulations.

Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) is a well-known molecule commonly used as an emulsifying agent, biocompatible controlled-release material, and a food additive. It is considered as a nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible material classified as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS). It is included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide and present in nonparenteral medicines in the United Kingdom [1].Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) is a polar lipid with the ability to form various liquid crystalline phases in the presence of different amounts of water. In the presence of a small amount of water, Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) forms reversed micelles characterized by an oily texture. As more water is added, a mucous-like system is formed that corresponds to the lamellar phase. A large isotropic phase region dominates when more water is added (20 ∼ 40%). This phase, known as the cubic phase, is highly viscous. In addition, the temperature and ratio of weight to water plays a role in the various phases of Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat). In the presence of high amounts of water in temperatures ranging from 20 ∼ 70 °C, the cubic phase might exist in a stable condition [2]. The cubic phase is said to be bicontinuous since it consists of a curved bilayer extending in three dimensions, separating two congruent water channel networks. The water pore diameter is about 5 nm when the cubic phase is fully swollen. The presence of a lipid and an aqueous domain gives special properties to the cubic phase such as the ability to solubilize hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic substances [3].

Previous research has demonstrated that the liquid crystalline phases of Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) such as the cubic and reversed hexagonal phase, increased transdermal drug delivery [4]. The advantages of the formulations for transdermal drug delivery system might include biocompatibility and the ability to self-assemble their structure. The cubic phase of Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) can be dispersed in a water-rich environment and form a dispersion containing nanometer-sized particles. Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)’s interaction with phospholipid bilayers might suggest why it is known as a permeation enhancer [5].In the current study, effects of various formulations of Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)/water system on skin permeability were evaluated using Franz-diffusion cells and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). To test the permeability of each formulation, sodium fluorescein was added to the mixture that was applied on excised pig skin. Even though the influence of Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) on the percutaneous absorption through hairless mouse skin has been studied [6], differences between the Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)/water formulations and how they affect permeability and distribution throughout the layers of the skin have not been investigated. This study might provide an insight to understand the effects of formulation on the skin permeation.

2. Material and methods of Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)

2.1. Materials Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat), propylene glycol, hexanediol, paraformaldehyde, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate monobasic, potassium phosphate dibasic, and sodium fluorescein were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Excised pig skin obtained from PWG Genetics Korea, Ltd. (Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi, Korea). FSC 22 Frozen section media was purchased from Leica Biosystems (Wetzlar, Hesse, Germany). Hydrophobic PTFE membrane was purchased from Pall Corporation (New York, NY, USA). Hydrophilic nitrocellulose membrane was purchased from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA).2.2. Preparation of formulations Three different formulations were prepared for the current study (Table 1). Lyotropic liquid crystalline phases (cubic and lamellar phases) were produced by melting Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) in a vial at 45 °C and then propylene glycol and hexanediol were dissolved in the melted Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat).

Propylene glycol was utilized in order to slow down the drastic increase of viscosity during the cubic phase formation by mixing Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) and water. A small amount of hexanediol was added to prevent bacterial growth in the mixture and prolong the shelf-life. An aqueous solution of fluorescein was produced by dissolving hexanediol and sodium fluorescein in deionized water. The aqueous solution of sodium fluorescein was slowly added to the mixture while it was strongly agitated by an ultrasonic homogenizer to form lyotropic liquid crystalline phases.2.3. In vitro diffusion studies with membranes In vitro diffusion study was carried out using Franz-type diffusion cells assembled with hydrophobic PTFE membrane and hydrophilic nitrocellulose membrane between the donor and receptor chambers. The volume of each chamber was 12.5 ml and the diffusion area was 1.82 cm2. Pore size of the membranes was 0.45 μm. To simulate a skin’s lipid-bilayer, hydrophobic membranes were dipped in melted Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) and soaked in receptor medium for 30 min before diffusion studies. After the membranes were soaked, the hydrophobic membrane was attached to the hydrophilic membrane and both remained attached during the diffusion experiment.

The cubic and lamellar phases released about 80 and 39 times more, respectively, compared to the solution. Since sodium fluorescein is hydrophilic and water-soluble, diffusion through an oil-wetted hydrophobic membrane may be a limiting factor. Differences in lag time and flux might cause significant differences in the amount of sodium fluorescein released between each Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)/water formulations. In addition, the hydrophobicity of Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) in each formulation may have an effect on the sodium fluorescein’s permeability through oil-wetted hydrophobic membrane. In a study investigating the effect of permeation enhancers on transdermal delivery, Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) increased the flux across skin for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs by inducing reversible disruption of the lamellar structure of the lipid bilayer and increasing the fluidity of lipids in skin [7].Even though the lamellar phase has more Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) than the cubic phase formulation, the cubic phase released a higher cumulative amount of sodium fluorescein. A reasonable explanation for this is that propylene glycol enhanced the release of sodium fluorescein in the cubic phase formulation by reducing its viscosity which increased membrane permeability. The lamellar phase shifted to the cubic phase as water content increasing during membrane permeation [8]. The shift to cubic phase may have increased the viscosity and therefore decreased its mobility. It is likely that excess amounts of Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) might disturb diffusion through a membrane in lamellar phase. In the presence of propylene glycol, Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) also forms a liquid sponge phase which has a bicontinuous lipid water system [9].

Previous research has demonstrated that the liquid sponge phase had a better diffusion profile than the cubic phase formulation. Even though cubic phase formulation might not form the liquid sponge phase during diffusion in these experiments, an interaction between Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) and propylene glycol could promote diffusion through the membranes. Hydration time might be a factor in the difference in the diffusion rates between the different formulations. A previous study found that samples hydrated prior to the experiments released large amounts of drug because hydrophilic channels were available during the release of the drug [10]. As the initial water content increased, drug release increased due to the increased hydrophilic domain which accounted for the difference in the amount of drug initially released [11].3.2. Confocal microscopy imaging CLSM was used to observe the distribution of fluorescein in the skin layers after the application of cubic, lamellar, and solution formulation. Microscopic images of cross-sections perpendicular to the skin allowed us to observe the distribution pattern of the fluorescein in the deep region of the excised skin including the stratum corneum (SC), viable epidermis, and dermis. The diffusion profiles of sodium fluorescein into the skin was compared after the application of the different formulations. As shown in Fig. 2, the distribution of sodium fluorescein in the skin was visualized by CLSM after 5 h of topical application.Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) might facilitate the diffusion of sodium fluorescein through the viable epidermis and dermis. The cubic phase was uniformly distributed in the epidermis and dermis (Fig. 2A).

The lamellar phase also showed relatively uniform distribution in epidermis and dermis with a small amount present in the SC (Fig. 2B). Most of the sodium fluorescein in the solution formulation was unable to permeate the SC region (Fig. 2C). The image of skin that had the solution formulation applied to it showed a relatively low intensity of fluorescence at the epidermis and dermal layer, but a very strong intensity on the SC. These results support the previous results of diffusion experiment using Franz-type diffusion cells that looked at flux, lag time, and diffusion coefficient between different formulations.Fig. 3 shows the confocal images of the skin after 24 h of sample application. The cubic and lamellar phase formulations showed much stronger fluorescence in the dermal layer compared to the solution formulation. Cubic and lamellar phases showed strong fluorescence in the dermis after 24 h of application compared to 5 h-images. Solution formulation also showed stronger fluorescence than its 5 h-image, but it was localized in the SC layer. This result might suggest that most of sodium fluorescein in the solution formulation might not be able to penetrate SC layer. However, with its low molecular weight sodium fluorescein might be distributed to the SC region which could not be removed during washing, and still showed localized fluorescence after 24 h (Fig. 3C).During a skin diffusion test, Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) might reversibly emulsify the lipid matrix of the skin and penetrate through the SC [12]. Because adipose tissue and the hypodermis are more hydrophobic than other tissues they make up the skin, most Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) formulations might interact with the tissues and accumulate in them. Therefore, confocal images of samples treated with the cubic and lamellar phases showed stronger fluorescence at hypodermis and adipose tissues than other tissues in skin. In addition, the cubic and lamellar phases showed some localization of high intensity fluorescence in dermis and adipose tissues. The solution formulation showed no localization in the tissues. Differences in localization might be caused by the presence of Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) in formulation. Lipids such as oleic acid and Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) have a polar head and a relatively short hydrophobic carbon chain that increases membrane permeability by promoting disorder of intercellular lipids [13].

In this study, intercellular lipid disorder might cause localization of the sodium fluorescein in the dermis and adipose tissue. Different absorption pathways might also cause difference in the amount of sodium fluorescein diffused between each formulation. Intercellular pathway seems to be predominant method of transdermal absorption when using the solution formulation, whereas the intercluster pathway is the most common method of absorption for the cubic and lamellar phase formulations [14]. Higher Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) concentrations did not improve permeability. The intensity of the fluorescence in the dermis was directly correlated with an increased with the permeability and not Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) concentration. At 37 °C, Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) might exist in a cubic phase when the amount of water is greater than 40% [15]. During the diffusion test, the lamellar phase might be hydrated by moisture in the skin and converted to cubic phase. Therefore, viscosity may increase, which decreases the mobility of the Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)/solvent mixture. 4. Conclusion This study suggests that Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) is feasible as an absorption enhancer for topical drugs. Franz-type diffusion test and CLSM images in excised pig skin showed improved permeability through the hydrophobic-hydrophilic membrane and excised pig skin. Both cubic and lamellar formulations with Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) showed higher permeability and diffusion profiles. By comparing the diffusion patterns and confocal images, the cubic phase performed significantly better than the lamellar formulation. The results suggest that differences of diffusion were caused by ability of the Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)/solvent mixture to induce lipid disorder in the skin samples. These results support the hypothesis that Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) induces intercellular lipid disorder. High Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)/water ratio does not correlate with high membrane permeability. The cubic phase contained lower Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) concentration compared to the lamellar phase but had better membrane permeability. Our study demonstrates that Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) is an important substance for SC permeation but the viscosity of this formulation needs to be further investigated to improve the diffusion efficacy of active ingredients.Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) is a clear or light yellow oil that is used as an antifoam in juice processing. It has been used as an emulsifier, a moisturizer, and a flavoring agent.Glycerol monooleate (C21H40O4) is a clear amber or pale yellow liquid. It is an oil soluble surfactant and is classified as a monoglyceride. It is used as an antifoam in juice processing and as a lipophilic emulsifier for water-in-oil applications.

It is a moisturizer, emulsifier, and flavoring agent. Various forms of glycerol oleate are widely used in cosmetics and it is also used as an excipient in antibiotics and other drugs.Glyceryl Oleate occurs as off-white to yellow flakes or as a soft semisolid. It is dispersible in water and soluble in acetone, methanol, ethanol, cottonseed oil,and mineral Glyceryl Oleate is also known as Monoolein, Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat), and Glycerol Monooleate.Celecoxib (CXB) is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug that also acts as a chemopreventive agent against several types of cancer, including skin cancer. As the long-term oral administration of CXB has been associated with severe side effects, the skin delivery of this drug represents a promising alternative for the treatment of skin inflammatory conditions and/or chemoprevention of skin cancer. We prepared and characterized liquid crystalline systems based on Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) and water containing penetration enhancers which were primarily designed to promote skin delivery of CXB. Analysis of their phase behavior revealed the formation of cubic and hexagonal phases depending on the systems’ composition. The systems’ structure and composition markedly affected the in vitro CXB release profile. Oleic acid reduced CXB release rate, but association oleic acid/propylene glycol increased the drug release rate. The developed systems significantly reduced inflammation in an aerosil-induced rat paw edema modl. The systems’ composition and liquid crystalline structure influenced their anti-inflammatory potency. Cubic phase systems containing oleic acid/propylene glycol association reduced edema in a sustained manner, indicating that they modulate CXB release and/or permeation. Our findings demonstrate that the developed liquid crystalline systems are potential carriers for the skin delivery of CXB.

Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) has been used in liquid crystal studies and research shows that in the presence of monoolein, the penetration of the drug cisplatin is doubled. Monoolein (1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol) is used in the development of monoolein-based nanoparticulate liquid dispersions as possible vehicles for drug delivery.

Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat), commonly known as Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat), is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.[3] It takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic. Chemically it is the glycerol ester of stearic acid.

Structure, synthesis, and occurrence

Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) and 2-Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat). Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar.

Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol.[4]

Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase. It is present at very low levels in certain seed oils.

Uses of Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)

Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anticaking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant. It is also used in cosmetics and hair-care products.[5]

Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) is largely used in baking preparations to add “body” to the food. It is somewhat responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream their smooth texture. It is sometimes used as an antistaling agent in bread.

What is Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat)?

Glycerol monooleate (C21H40O4) is a clear amber or pale yellow liquid. Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) is an oil soluble surfactant and is classified as a monoglyceride. Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) is used as an antifoam in juice processing and as a lipophilic emulsifier for water-in-oil applications. Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) is a moisturizer, emulsifier, and flavoring agent. Various forms of glycerol oleate are widely used in cosmetics and it is also used as an excipient in antibiotics and other drugs. Glyceryl monooleate (gliseril monooleat) is classified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS).

Gliseril Monooleat

Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), farkl miktarlarda su varlnda çeitli sv kristal fazlarda bulunabilen polar bir lipiddir. Amfifilik özelliinden dolay geçirgenlii artrc olarak kabul edilmektedir. Sodyum floresein içeren çeitli Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) / çözücü sistemi fazlar, konfokal lazer tarama mikroskobu (CLSM) kullanlarak geçirgenlii karlatrmak için hazrland. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), 45 ° C’ye stlm bir su banyosunda bir ie içinde eritildi. Propilen glikol ve heksandiol, erimi Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) içinde homojen bir ekilde çözüldü. Sulu çözelti içindeki sodyum floresein, çeitli oranlarda seyreltildi ve bir ultrasonik homojenletirici ile iyice kartrld. Floreseinli her Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) / Solvent sistemi, eksize edilmi domuz derisinin epidermal tarafna uyguland ve gece boyunca inkübe edildi. CLSM, farkl fazlarndaki Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) / çözücü sisteminin cilt geçirgenliini nasl etkilediini gözlemlemek için yapld. Kübik ve lamellar faz formülasyonlar, stratum corneum boyunca floresan nüfuzunu arttrd. Bir çözüm sistemi, dier iki faza kyasla en zayf geçirgenlie sahipti. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n amfifilik doas nedeniyle, kübik ve lamellar fazlar, CLSM tarafndan dermiste biriken floresein olarak gözlenen stratum korneumun bariyer fonksiyonunu azaltabilir. Sonuçlara göre, çeitli topikal ve transdermal formülasyonlarda cilt nüfuzunu artrmak için Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) liyotropik karmlar uygulanabilir.

Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), yaygn olarak emülsifiye edici bir ajan, biyouyumlu kontrollü salm materyali ve bir gda katk maddesi olarak kullanlan iyi bilinen bir moleküldür. Toksik olmayan, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilen ve “genel olarak güvenli olarak tannan” (GRAS) olarak snflandrlan biyouyumlu bir malzeme olarak kabul edilir. FDA Aktif Olmayan Bileenler Klavuzuna dahil edilmitir ve Birleik Krallk’taki parenteral olmayan ilaçlarda mevcuttur [1]. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), farkl miktarlarda su varlnda çeitli sv kristal fazlar oluturma yeteneine sahip bir polar lipiddir. Az miktarda su varlnda, Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) yal bir doku ile karakterize edilen ters miseller oluturur. Daha fazla su eklendikçe, lamellar faza karlk gelen mukoza benzeri bir sistem oluur. Daha fazla su eklendiinde büyük bir izotropik faz bölgesi hakimdir (20 ∼% 40). Kübik faz olarak bilinen bu faz oldukça viskozdur. Ek olarak, scaklk ve arln suya oran, Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n çeitli fazlarnda rol oynar. 20 ∼ 70 ° C arasnda deien scaklklarda yüksek miktarda su varlnda, kübik faz kararl bir durumda mevcut olabilir [2]. Kübik fazn, iki uyumlu su kanal an ayran, üç boyutta uzanan kavisli iki katmandan olumas nedeniyle iki sürekli olduu söylenir. Kübik faz tamamen itiinde su gözenek çap yaklak 5 nm’dir. Bir lipit ve bir sulu alann varl, kübik faza hidrofilik, hidrofobik ve amfifilik maddeleri çözme yetenei gibi özel özellikler verir [3].

Önceki aratrmalar Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n kübik ve ters altgen faz gibi sv kristal fazlarnn transdermal ilaç datmn artrdn göstermitir [4]. Transdermal ilaç verme sistemi için formülasyonlarn avantajlar arasnda biyouyumluluk ve yaplarn kendi kendine birletirme yetenei yer alabilir. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n kübik faz, su bakmndan zengin bir ortamda datlabilir ve nanometre boyutlu parçacklar içeren bir dalm oluturabilir. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n fosfolipid çift tabakalarla etkileimi neden bir geçirgenlik arttrc olarak bilindiini akla getirebilir [5]. Bu çalmada, çeitli Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) / su sistemi formülasyonlarnn cilt geçirgenlii üzerindeki etkileri Franz difüzyon hücreleri ve konfokal lazer tarama mikroskobu kullanlarak deerlendirildi (CLSM). Her formülasyonun geçirgenliini test etmek için, kesilmi domuz derisine uygulanan karma sodyum floresein eklenmitir. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n tüysüz fare derisi yoluyla perkütan emilim üzerindeki etkisi aratrlm olsa da [6], Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) / su formülasyonlar arasndaki farklar ve bunlarn deri katmanlar boyunca geçirgenlii ve dalm nasl etkiledii aratrlmamtr. Bu çalma, formülasyonun cilt nüfuzu üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak için bir fikir verebilir.

2. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n materyal ve yöntemleri

2.1. Malzemeler Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), propilen glikol, heksandiol, paraformaldehit, sodyum klorür, potasyum klorür, potasyum fosfat monobazik, potasyum fosfat dibazik ve sodyum floresein, Sigma-Aldrich Co.’dan (St. Louis, MO, ABD) satn alnd. PWG Genetics Korea, Ltd.’den (Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi, Kore) elde edilen kesilmi domuz derisi. FSC 22 Dondurulmu kesit ortam Leica Biosystems’den (Wetzlar, Hesse, Almanya) satn alnd. Hidrofobik PTFE membran, Pall Corporation’dan (New York, NY, ABD) satn alnd. Hidrofilik nitroselüloz membran, EMD Millipore’dan (Billerica, MA, ABD) satn alnd. 2.2. Formülasyonlarn hazrlanmas Mevcut çalma için üç farkl formülasyon hazrland (Tablo 1). Liyotropik sv kristal fazlar (kübik ve lamel fazlar) Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n 45 ° C’de bir iede eritilmesiyle üretildi ve ardndan propilen glikol ve heksandiol erimi Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) içinde çözüldü.

Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) ve su kartrlarak kübik faz oluumu srasnda viskozitedeki iddetli art yavalatmak için propilen glikol kullanlmtr. Karmda bakteri üremesini önlemek ve raf ömrünü uzatmak için az miktarda heksandiol eklenmitir. Heksandiol ve sodyum floreseinin deiyonize su içinde çözülmesiyle sulu bir floresein çözeltisi üretildi. Sulu sodyum floresein çözeltisi, liyotropik sv kristal fazlar oluturmak için bir ultrasonik homojenletirici ile kuvvetli bir ekilde çalkalanrken karma yava yava ilave edildi. Membranlarla in vitro difüzyon çalmalar n vitro difüzyon çalmas, donör ve reseptör odalar arasnda hidrofobik PTFE membran ve hidrofilik nitroselüloz membran ile birletirilmi Franz-tipi difüzyon hücreleri kullanlarak gerçekletirilmitir. Her bölmenin hacmi 12.5 ml ve difüzyon alan 1.82 cm2 idi. Membranlarn gözenek boyutu 0.45 um idi. Bir cildin lipit çift katmann simüle etmek için hidrofobik membranlar, erimi Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)a daldrld ve difüzyon çalmalarndan önce 30 dakika süreyle reseptör ortamna batrld. Membranlar slatldktan sonra, hidrofobik membran hidrofilik membrana baland ve her ikisi de difüzyon deneyi srasnda bal kald.

Kübik ve lamelli fazlar, çözüme kyasla srasyla yaklak 80 ve 39 kat daha fazla aça çkt. Sodyum floresein hidrofilik ve suda çözünür olduundan, yala slatlm hidrofobik bir membrandan difüzyon snrlayc bir faktör olabilir. Gecikme süresi ve aktaki farkllklar, her bir Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) / su formülasyonu arasnda salnan sodyum floresein miktarnda önemli farkllklara neden olabilir. Ek olarak, her formülasyondaki Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n hidrofobiklii, yala slatlm hidrofobik membrandan sodyum floreseinin geçirgenlii üzerinde bir etkiye sahip olabilir. Geçirgenlik artrclarn transdermal iletim üzerindeki etkisini aratran bir çalmada, Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), lipid çift tabakasnn lamellar yapsnn tersine çevrilebilir bozulmasn indükleyerek ve ciltteki lipidlerin akkanln artrarak hem hidrofilik hem de hidrofobik ilaçlar için cilt boyunca ak arttrmtr [7]. Lamellar faz, kübik faz formülasyonundan daha fazla Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)a sahip olsa da, kübik faz daha yüksek kümülatif miktarda sodyum floresein salmtr. Bunun makul bir açklamas, propilen glikolün, membran geçirgenliini artran viskozitesini azaltarak kübik faz formülasyonunda sodyum floresein salmn arttrmasdr. Membran geçirgenlii srasnda su içerii arttkça lamellar faz kübik faza kaymtr [8]. Kübik faza geçi, viskoziteyi artrm ve dolaysyla hareketliliini azaltm olabilir. Fazla miktarda Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n lamellar fazda bir membrandan difüzyonu bozmas muhtemeldir. Propilen glikol varlnda, Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) ayrca iki sürekli lipit su sistemine sahip sv bir sünger faz oluturur [9].

Önceki aratrmalar, sv sünger faznn kübik faz formülasyonundan daha iyi bir difüzyon profiline sahip olduunu göstermitir. Kübik faz formülasyonu, bu deneylerde difüzyon srasnda sv sünger fazn oluturmasa da, Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) ve propilen glikol arasndaki bir etkileim, membranlar boyunca difüzyonu tevik edebilir. Hidrasyon süresi, farkl formülasyonlar arasndaki difüzyon hzlarndaki farkta bir faktör olabilir. Önceki bir çalma, deneylerden önce hidratlanan numunelerin büyük miktarlarda ilaç saldn, çünkü ilacn salnmas srasnda hidrofilik kanallarn mevcut olduunu bulmutur [10]. lk su içerii arttkça, balangçta salnan ilaç miktarndaki fark açklayan artan hidrofilik alan nedeniyle ilaç salnm artmtr [11] .3.2. Konfokal mikroskopi görüntüleme CLSM, kübik, lameller ve çözelti formülasyonunun uygulanmasndan sonra cilt katmanlarnda flöreseinin dalmn gözlemlemek için kullanld. Deriye dik enine kesitlerin mikroskobik görüntüleri, stratum korneum (SC), canl epidermis ve dermis dahil olmak üzere eksize edilen derinin derin bölgesindeki floreseinin dalm modelini gözlemlememizi salad. Sodyum floreseinin deri içine difüzyon profilleri, farkl formülasyonlarn uygulanmasndan sonra karlatrld. ekil 2’de gösterildii gibi, sodyum floreseinin ciltteki dalm, 5 saatlik topikal uygulamadan sonra CLSM ile görselletirildi. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), sodyum floreseinin canl epidermis ve dermi yoluyla difüzyonunu kolaylatrabilir. Kübik faz, epidermis ve dermite eit olarak dalmtr (ekil 2A).

Katmanl faz ayrca SC’de az miktarda mevcut olmakla birlikte epidermis ve dermiste nispeten homojen dalm gösterdi (ekil 2B). Çözelti formülasyonundaki sodyum floreseinin çou, SC bölgesine nüfuz edemedi (ekil 2C). Solüsyon formülasyonunun uyguland cilt görüntüsü, epidermis ve dermal tabakada nispeten düük younlukta floresans, ancak SC üzerinde çok güçlü bir younluk gösterdi. Bu sonuçlar, farkl formülasyonlar arasnda ak, gecikme süresi ve difüzyon katsaysna bakan Franz tipi difüzyon hücrelerinin kullanld difüzyon deneyinin önceki sonuçlarn desteklemektedir. ekil 3, 24 saatlik numune uygulamasndan sonra derinin e odakl görüntülerini göstermektedir. Kübik ve lamellar faz formülasyonlar, solüsyon formülasyonuna kyasla dermal tabakada çok daha güçlü floresan gösterdi. Kübik ve lamellar fazlar, 5 saatlik görüntülere kyasla 24 saatlik uygulamadan sonra dermiste güçlü floresan gösterdi. Çözelti formülasyonu ayrca 5 h-görüntüsünden daha güçlü floresan gösterdi, ancak SC katmannda lokalize edildi. Bu sonuç, çözelti formülasyonundaki sodyum floreseinin çounun SC tabakasna nüfuz edemeyebileceini gösterebilir. Bununla birlikte, düük molekül arlkl sodyum floresein, ykama srasnda çkarlamayan ve yine de 24 saat sonra lokalize floresan gösteren SC bölgesine dalm olabilir (ekil 3C). Bir deri difüzyon testi srasnda, Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) geri dönüümlü olarak emülsiyon haline gelebilir cildin lipid matriksi ve SC’ye nüfuz eder [12]. Ya dokusu ve hipodermis, cildi oluturan dier dokulara göre daha hidrofobik olduundan, çou Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) formülasyonu dokularla etkileime girebilir ve dokularda birikebilir. Bu nedenle, kübik ve lameller fazlarla muamele edilen numunelerin konfokal görüntüleri, derideki dier dokulara göre hipodermis ve adipoz dokularda daha güçlü floresan gösterdi. Ek olarak, kübik ve lamellar fazlar, dermis ve adipoz dokularda yüksek younluklu flüoresansn bir miktar lokalizasyonunu gösterdi. Çözelti formülasyonu dokularda lokalizasyon göstermedi. Lokalizasyondaki farkllklar, formülasyonda Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n varlndan kaynaklanabilir. Oleik asit ve Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) gibi lipidler, hücre içi lipidlerin bozukluunu tevik ederek membran geçirgenliini artran bir polar bala ve nispeten ksa bir hidrofobik karbon zincirine sahiptir [13].

Bu çalmada hücreler aras lipid bozukluu, sodyum floreseinin dermis ve adipoz dokuda lokalizasyonuna neden olabilir. Farkl absorpsiyon yollar da her formülasyon arasnda dalan sodyum floresein miktarnda farklla neden olabilir. Çözelti formülasyonu kullanlrken hücreler aras yol, transdermal absorpsiyonun baskn yöntemi gibi görünürken, kübik ve lameller faz formülasyonlar için en yaygn absorpsiyon yöntemi kümeler aras yolaktr [14]. Daha yüksek Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) konsantrasyonlar geçirgenlii iyiletirmedi. Dermisteki flüoresansn younluu, Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) konsantrasyonu ile deil, geçirgenlikte artla dorudan korelasyon gösterdi. 37 ° C’de, Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), su miktar% 40’tan fazla olduunda kübik fazda bulunabilir [15]. Difüzyon testi srasnda, lameller faz ciltteki nem ile hidratlanabilir ve kübik faza dönütürülebilir. Bu nedenle, viskozite artabilir ve bu da Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) / çözücü karmnn hareketliliini azaltr. 4. Sonuç Bu çalma, Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n topikal ilaçlar için bir absorpsiyon arttrc olarak uygun olduunu göstermektedir. Eksize domuz derisindeki Franz tipi difüzyon testi ve CLSM görüntüleri, hidrofobik-hidrofilik membrandan ve eksize edilmi domuz derisinden gelimi geçirgenlik gösterdi. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) içeren hem kübik hem de lamelli formülasyonlar daha yüksek geçirgenlik ve difüzyon profilleri göstermitir. Difüzyon desenlerini ve e odakl görüntüleri karlatrarak, kübik faz, katmanl formülasyondan önemli ölçüde daha iyi performans gösterdi. Sonuçlar, difüzyon farkllklarnn Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) / çözücü karmnn deri örneklerinde lipid bozukluunu indükleme kabiliyetinden kaynaklandn göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n hücreler aras lipid bozukluunu indükledii hipotezini desteklemektedir. Yüksek Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) / su oran, yüksek membran geçirgenlii ile korele deildir. Kübik faz, lamellar faza kyasla daha düük Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) konsantrasyonu içeriyordu, ancak daha iyi membran geçirgenliine sahipti. Çalmamz, Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n SC geçirgenlii için önemli bir madde olduunu, ancak aktif bileenlerin difüzyon etkinliini artrmak için bu formülasyonun viskozitesinin daha fazla aratrlmas gerektiini göstermektedir. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), meyve suyunda köpük önleyici olarak kullanlan berrak veya açk sar bir yadr. ileme. Emülgatör, nemlendirici ve tatlandrc olarak kullanlmtr. Gliserol monooleat (C21H40O4) berrak amber veya soluk sar bir svdr. Yada çözünen bir yüzey aktif maddedir ve bir monogliserit olarak snflandrlr. Meyve suyu ilemede köpük giderici olarak ve yada su uygulamalar için lipofilik emülgatör olarak kullanlr.

Nemlendirici, emülgatör ve tatlandrcdr. Gliserol oleatn çeitli formlar kozmetikte yaygn olarak kullanlmaktadr ve ayn zamanda antibiyotikler ve dier ilaçlarda yardmc madde olarak da kullanlmaktadr. Gliseril Oleat beyazms sarya kadar pullar veya yumuak yar kat olarak oluur. Suda dalabilir ve aseton, metanol, etanol, pamuk tohumu ya ve mineral Gliseril Oleat içinde çözünür, ayn zamanda Monoolein, Glyceryl Monooleate ve Glycerol Monooleate olarak da bilinir.Celecoxib (CXB) yaygn olarak kullanlan bir anti-enflamatuar ilaçtr ve ayn zamanda cilt kanseri dahil çeitli kanser türlerine kar kemopreventif bir ajan. CXB’nin uzun süreli oral uygulamas ciddi yan etkilerle ilikilendirildiinden, bu ilacn cilde verilmesi cilt enflamatuar durumlarnn tedavisi ve / veya cilt kanserinin kemoprevisyonu için umut verici bir alternatiftir. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) ve su içeren penetrasyon artrclara dayal sv kristal sistemleri hazrladk ve karakterize ettik, bunlar öncelikli olarak CXB’nin cilde verilmesini desteklemek için tasarlanmt. Faz davranlarnn analizi, sistemlerin bileimine bal olarak kübik ve altgen fazlarn oluumunu ortaya çkard. Sistemlerin yaps ve bileimi, in vitro CXB salm profilini önemli ölçüde etkiledi. Oleik asit CXB salm orann düürdü, ancak oleik asit / propilen glikolün birlemesi ilaç salm orann artrd. Gelitirilen sistemler, aerosil ile indüklenen bir sçan pençe ödemi modülünde enflamasyonu önemli ölçüde azaltt. Sistemlerin bileimi ve sv kristal yap, anti-enflamatuar güçlerini etkiledi. Oleik asit / propilen glikol birleimi içeren kübik faz sistemleri, ödemi sürekli bir ekilde azaltarak, CXB salmn ve / veya nüfuzunu modüle ettiklerini gösterir. Bulgularmz, gelitirilen sv kristal sistemlerin CXB’nin cilde verilmesi için potansiyel tayclar olduunu göstermektedir.

Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), sv kristal çalmalarnda kullanlmtr ve aratrmalar, monoolein varlnda, cisplatin ilacnn penetrasyonunun iki katna çktn göstermektedir. Monoolein (1-Oleoil-rac-gliserol), ilaç datm için olas araçlar olarak monoolein bazl nanopartikülat sv dispersiyonlarn gelitirilmesinde kullanlr.

Yaygn olarak Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) olarak bilinen Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), gdalarda yaygn olarak emülgatör olarak kullanlan bir monogliserittir. [3] Beyaz, kokusuz ve tatl tada sahip, higroskopik, pul pul bir pudra eklini alr. Kimyasal olarak stearik asidin gliserol esteridir.

Yap, sentez ve oluum

Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), enantiyomerik 1-Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) ve 2-Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) çifti olmak üzere üç stereoizomer olarak mevcuttur. Tipik olarak, özelliklerinin çou benzer olduu için bunlar bir karm olarak karmza çkar.

Gdalarda kullanlan ticari malzeme endüstriyel olarak trigliseritler (bitkisel veya hayvansal yalardan) ile gliserol arasndaki gliseroliz reaksiyonu ile üretilir. [4]

Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), yalarn pankreatik lipaz tarafndan parçalanmasnn bir ürünü olarak vücutta doal olarak oluur. Baz tohum yalarnda çok düük seviyelerde bulunur.

Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate)n Kullanmlar

Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), koyulatrc, emülsifiye edici, katlamay önleyen ve koruyucu ajan olarak kullanlan bir gda katk maddesidir; yalar, mumlar ve çözücüler için bir emülsifiye edici ajan; higroskopik tozlar için koruyucu bir kaplama; farmasötiklerde katlatrc ve kontrol salm ajan; ve bir reçine yalayc. Ayrca kozmetik ve saç bakm ürünlerinde de kullanlmaktadr. [5]

Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), yiyeceklere “vücut” katmak için büyük ölçüde piirme müstahzarlarnda kullanlr. Dondurma ve çrplm kremaya pürüzsüz dokusunu vermekten biraz sorumludur. Bazen ekmekte antistaling ajan olarak kullanlr.

Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) nedir?

Gliserol monooleat (C21H40O4) berrak kehribar veya soluk sar bir svdr. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), yada çözünür bir yüzey aktif maddedir ve bir monogliserit olarak snflandrlr. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), meyve suyu ilemede köpük giderici olarak ve yada su uygulamalar için lipofilik bir emülgatör olarak kullanlr. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate) bir nemlendirici, emülgatör ve tatlandrcdr. Gliserol oleatn çeitli formlar kozmetikte yaygn olarak kullanlmaktadr ve ayrca antibiyotikler ve dier ilaçlarda yardmc madde olarak da kullanlmaktadr. Gliseril monooleat (glyceryl monooleate), ABD Gda ve laç Dairesi (FDA) tarafndan “genel olarak güvenli olarak tannan” (GRAS) olarak snflandrlmtr.

GLYCERYL MONOOLEATE (GLSERL MONOOLEAT)

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GLYCERYL MONOOLEATE (GLSERL MONOOLEAT)

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