LIQUID PARAFFIN (SIVI PARAFN)

LIQUID PARAFFIN (SIVI PARAFN)

LIQUID PARAFFIN (SIVI PARAFN)

CAS No. : 8012-95-1 

EC No. : 232-384-2

Synonyms:

Delphinidin; Delphinidin chloride; Delphinidin; 528-53-0; Delphinidine; Delphinidol; Ephdine; Delfinidol chloride; UNII-EM6MD4AEHE; CCRIS 2518; IdB 1056; EM6MD4AEHE; EINECS 208-437-0; 1-Benzopyrylium, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-, chloride; 8012-95-1; CHEBI:38701; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)benzopyrylium chloride; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride; Paraffin, liquid, pure;3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxyflavylium chloride; CHEMBL590878; Delphinidin chloride, analytical standard; 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxy-2-phenylbenzopyrylium chloride; C15H11O7.Cl; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium-3,5,7-triol; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol chloride; Paraffin, liquid, technical; SCHEMBL22369;IdB-1056; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenium chloride; BCP15819; 6267AF; MFCD00016663; AKOS027326494; API0002243; LS-40161; FT-0645153; FT-0665679; A11978; Q367258; Flavylium 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol; Flavylium 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride (8CI); UNII-R911H793SU component FFNDMZIBVDSQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol; chloride; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1lambda-chromen-1-ylium; Delphinidine; Delphinidol; Ephdine; IdB 1056; Delfinidol chloride; Delphinidin; liqiud paraffine; LIGUID PARAFFINE; sv parafin; parafin; PARAFN; PARAFIN; LKT PARAFN; LIKIT PARAFIN; Delphinidin; Delphinidin chloride; Delphinidin; 528-53-0; Delphinidine; Delphinidol; Ephdine; Delfinidol chloride; UNII-EM6MD4AEHE; CCRIS 2518; IdB 1056; EM6MD4AEHE; EINECS 208-437-0; 1-Benzopyrylium, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-, chloride; sv parafin; SIVI PARAFN 8012-95-1; CHEBI:38701; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)benzopyrylium chloride; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride; Paraffin, liquid, pure;3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxyflavylium chloride; CHEMBL590878; Delphinidin chloride, analytical standard; 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxy-2-phenylbenzopyrylium chloride; C15H11O7.Cl; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium-3,5,7-triol; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol chloride; Paraffin, liquid, technical; SCHEMBL22369;IdB-1056; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenium chloride; sv parafin; SIVI PARAFN; BCP15819; 6267AF; MFCD00016663; AKOS027326494; API0002243; LS-40161; FT-0645153; FT-0665679; A11978; Q367258; Flavylium 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride; sv parafin; SIVI PARAFN 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol; Flavylium 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride (8CI); UNII-R911H793SU component FFNDMZIBVDSQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol; sv parafin; SIVI PARAFN chloride; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1lambda-chromen-1-ylium; Delphinidine; Delphinidol; Ephdine; IdB 1056; Delfinidol chloride; Delphinidin; liqiud paraffine; LIGUID PARAFFINE; sv parafin; parafin; PARAFN; PARAFIN; LKT PARAFN; LIKIT PARAFIN; Delphinidin; Delphinidin chloride; Delphinidin; 528-53-0; Delphinidine; Delphinidol; Ephdine; Delfinidol chloride; UNII-EM6MD4AEHE; CCRIS 2518; IdB 1056; EM6MD4AEHE; EINECS 208-437-0; 1-Benzopyrylium, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-, chloride; 8012-95-1; CHEBI:38701; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)benzopyrylium chloride; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride; Paraffin, liquid, pure;3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxyflavylium chloride; CHEMBL590878; Delphinidin chloride, analytical standard; 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxy-2-phenylbenzopyrylium chloride; C15H11O7.Cl; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium-3,5,7-triol; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol chloride; Paraffin, liquid, technical; SCHEMBL22369;IdB-1056; sv parafin; SIVI PARAFN 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenium chloride; BCP15819; 6267AF; MFCD00016663; AKOS027326494; API0002243; LS-40161; FT-0645153; FT-0665679; A11978; Q367258; Flavylium 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol; Flavylium 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride (8CI); UNII-R911H793SU component FFNDMZIBVDSQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol; chloride; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1lambda-chromen-1-ylium; Delphinidine; Delphinidol; Ephdine; sv parafin; SIVI PARAFN; IdB 1056; Delfinidol chloride; Delphinidin; liqiud paraffine; LIGUID PARAFFINE; sv parafin; parafin; PARAFN; PARAFIN; LKT PARAFN; LIKIT PARAFIN; Delphinidin; Delphinidin chloride; Delphinidin; 528-53-0; Delphinidine; Delphinidol; Ephdine; Delfinidol chloride; UNII-EM6MD4AEHE; CCRIS 2518; IdB 1056; EM6MD4AEHE; EINECS 208-437-0; 1-Benzopyrylium, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-, chloride; 8012-95-1; CHEBI:38701; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)benzopyrylium chloride; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride; Paraffin, liquid, pure;3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxyflavylium chloride; CHEMBL590878; Delphinidin chloride, analytical standard; 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxy-2-phenylbenzopyrylium chloride; C15H11O7.Cl; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium-3,5,7-triol; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol chloride; Paraffin, liquid, technical; SCHEMBL22369;IdB-1056; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenium chloride; BCP15819; 6267AF; MFCD00016663; AKOS027326494; API0002243; LS-40161; FT-0645153; FT-0665679; A11978; Q367258; Flavylium 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol; Flavylium 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride (8CI); UNII-R911H793SU component FFNDMZIBVDSQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol; chloride; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1lambda-chromen-1-ylium; Delphinidine; Delphinidol; Ephdine; IdB 1056; Delfinidol chloride; sv parafin; SIVI PARAFN Delphinidin; liqiud paraffine; LIGUID PARAFFINE; sv parafin; parafin; PARAFN; PARAFIN; LKT PARAFN; LIKIT PARAFIN; Delphinidin; Delphinidin chloride; Delphinidin; 528-53-0; Delphinidine; Delphinidol; Ephdine; Delfinidol chloride; UNII-EM6MD4AEHE; CCRIS 2518; IdB 1056; EM6MD4AEHE; EINECS 208-437-0; 1-Benzopyrylium, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-, chloride; 8012-95-1; CHEBI:38701; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)benzopyrylium chloride; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride; Paraffin, liquid, pure;3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxyflavylium chloride; CHEMBL590878; Delphinidin chloride, analytical standard; 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxy-2-phenylbenzopyrylium chloride; C15H11O7.Cl; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium-3,5,7-triol; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol chloride; Paraffin, liquid, technical; SCHEMBL22369;IdB-1056; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenium chloride; BCP15819; 6267AF; MFCD00016663; AKOS027326494; API0002243; LS-40161; FT-0645153; FT-0665679; A11978; Q367258; Flavylium 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol; Flavylium 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride (8CI); UNII-R911H793SU component FFNDMZIBVDSQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol; chloride; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1lambda-chromen-1-ylium; Delphinidine; Delphinidol; Ephdine; IdB 1056; Delfinidol chloride; Delphinidin; liqiud paraffine; LIGUID PARAFFINE; sv parafin; parafin; PARAFN; PARAFIN; LKT PARAFN; LIKIT PARAFIN; Delphinidin; Delphinidin chloride; Delphinidin; 528-53-0; Delphinidine; Delphinidol; Ephdine; Delfinidol chloride; UNII-EM6MD4AEHE; CCRIS 2518; IdB 1056; EM6MD4AEHE; EINECS 208-437-0; 1-Benzopyrylium, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-, chloride; 8012-95-1; CHEBI:38701; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)benzopyrylium chloride; 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium chloride; Paraffin, liquid, pure;3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxyflavylium chloride; CHEMBL590878; Delphinidin chloride, analytical standard; 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-Hexahydroxy-2-phenylbenzopyrylium chloride; C15H11O7.Cl; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-benzopyrylium-3,5,7-triol; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol chloride; Paraffin, liquid, technical; SCHEMBL22369;IdB-1056; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenium chloride; BCP15819; 6267AF; MFCD00016663; AKOS027326494; API0002243; LS-40161; FT-0645153; FT-0665679; A11978; Q367258; Flavylium 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol; Flavylium 3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxy-, chloride (8CI); UNII-R911H793SU component FFNDMZIBVDSQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N; 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol; chloride; 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-1lambda-chromen-1-ylium; Delphinidine; Delphinidol; Ephdine; IdB 1056; Delfinidol chloride; Delphinidin; liqiud paraffine; LIGUID PARAFFINE; sv parafin; parafin; PARAFN; PARAFIN; LKT PARAFN; LIKIT PARAFIN; sv parafin; SIVI PARAFN

EN

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) IUPAC Name 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol;chloride

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) InChI InChI=1S/C15H10O7.ClH/c16-7-3-9(17)8-5-12(20)15(22-13(8)4-7)6-1-10(18)14(21)11(19)2-6;/h1-5H,(H5-,16,17,18,19,20,21);1H

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) InChI Key FFNDMZIBVDSQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Canonical SMILES C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=[O+]C3=CC(=CC(=C3C=C2O)O)O.[Cl-]

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Molecular Formula C15H11ClO7

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) CAS 8012-95-1

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Related CAS 13270-61-6 (Parent)

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) European Community (EC) Number 232-384-2

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) UNII EM6MD4AEHE

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID3034743

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Physical Description Transparent colorless oily liquid. Practically tasteless and odorless, even when warmed. (NTP, 1992)

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Color/Form Colorless, oily liquid

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Odor Practically odorless even when warmed

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Taste Practically tasteless even when warmed

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Boiling Point Very high 360 °C

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Melting Point 0 °F

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Flash Point 380 °F

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Solubility Insoluble

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Density 0.822 at 68 °F

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Vapor Pressure <0.5 mmHg

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Stability/Shelf Life Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Decomposition When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Viscosity Kinematic viscosity not less than 38.1 centistokes at 37.8 °C

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Surface Tension At 25 °C slightly below 35 dynes/cm

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Collision Cross Section 171.35 Ų [M]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: stepped-field]

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Molecular Weight 338.69 g/mol

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 6

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 7

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Rotatable Bond Count 1

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Exact Mass 338.01933 g/mol

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Monoisotopic Mass 338.01933 g/mol

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Topological Polar Surface Area 122 Ų

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Heavy Atom Count 23

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Formal Charge 0

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Complexity 380

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Isotope Atom Count 0

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Compound Is Canonicalized Yes

Liquid paraffin, also known as paraffinum liquidum or Russian mineral oil, is a very highly refined mineral oil used in cosmetics and medicine. Cosmetic or medicinal liquid paraffin should not be confused with the paraffin (or kerosene) used as a fuel. It is transparent, colorless, nearly odorless, and oily and is composed of saturated hydrocarbons derived from petroleum.[1]The term paraffinum perliquidum is sometimes used to denote light liquid paraffin, while the term paraffinum subliquidum is sometimes used to denote a thicker mineral oil.Petroleum is said to have been used as a medicine since 400 BCE, and has been mentioned in the texts of classical writers Herodotus, Plutarch, Dioscorides, Pliny, and others.[2] It was used extensively by early Arabians and was important in early Indian medicine. Its first use internally is attributed to Robert A. Chesebrough, who patented it in 1872 for the manufacture of a “new and useful product from petroleum.”[1] After Sir W. Arbuhnot Lane, who was then Chief Surgeon of Guy’s Hospital, recommended it as a treatment for intestinal stasis and chronic constipation in 1913, liquid paraffin gained more popularity.Liquid paraffin is primarily used as a pediatric laxative in medicine and is a popular treatment for constipation and encopresis.[1] Because of its ease of titration, the drug is convenient to synthesize. It acts primarily as a stool lubricant, and is thus not associated with abdominal cramps, diarrhea, flatulence, disturbances in electrolytes, or tolerance over long periods of usage, side effects that osmotic and stimulant laxatives often engender (however, some literature suggests that these may still occur).[1][3] The drug acts by softening the feces and coats the intestine with an oily film.[4] Hence, reduces the pain caused by certain conditions such as piles (haemorrhoids). These traits make the drug ideal for chronic childhood constipation and encopresis, when large doses or long-term usage is necessary.[1]Consensus has not been entirely reached on the safety of the drug for children. While the drug is widely accepted for the management of childhood constipation in North America and Australia, the drug is used much less in the United Kingdom.[1] The drug is endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the North American Society for Gastroenterology and Nutrition, with the latter organization outlining it as a first choice for the management of pediatric constipation.[1] The drug is suggested to never be used in cases in which the patient is neurologically impaired or has a potential swallowing dysfunction due to potential respiration complications. Lipoid pneumonia due to mineral oil aspiration, which is a recognized severe complication of this medication, and emphasizes the need for a heightened awareness among caregivers about the potential dangers of inappropriate mineral oil use.[5] Some go as far as saying that it should never be used with children.[4]Liquid paraffin is also used in combination with magnesium as an osmotic laxative, sold under the trade name Mil-Par (among others).[6]Additionally, it may be used as a release agent, binder, or lubricant on capsules and tablets.[7]Liquid paraffin is a hydrating and cleansing agent. Hence, it is used in several cosmetics both for skin and hair products. It is also used as one of the ingredients of after wax wipes.Upon being taken orally, liquid paraffin might interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, though evidence does not seem to fully support this.[8] It can be absorbed into the intestinal wall[4] and may cause foreign-body granulomatous reactions in some rat species. These reactions might not occur in humans, however.[9] Some evidence suggests that it engenders a lack of carcinogenicity.[10] If liquid paraffin enters the lungs, it can cause lipoid pneumonia.[4]If injected, it can cause granulomatous reactions.[11]Description and Uses: Paraffin is a noble compound of petroleum in the formula CNH2N + 2, which gained its name due to its low susceptibility to Latin ‘Paraffin affine’ reactions. Paraffin wax was produced for the first time in history by Carl Reichenbach in 1829, when it was produced from wood tar and then from whole sheets. Finally, its final version in 1867; bought from petroleum. As the years passed and by 1947, synthetic wax of paraffin was now made.Today, paraffin manufacturers use the same technique in line with the current technological possibilities. According to this technique, newly made paraffin waxes contain 20 percent oil. Sometimes this amount of fat can be reduced by 3 percent. In addition, improvement in color, odor and taste can be achieved with a higher level of purification. While purifying the paraffin, sulfuric acid and clay are used during the process. Separating paraffin from crude oil is a requirement. We can say that paraffin is actually a by-product of petroleum. When refining, oily paraffin obtained from crude oil is first melted hot. Then, it is aimed to freeze only the paraffin part by cooling. The paraffin layer in the form of frozen pulp is separated by being thoroughly degreased. Purification of crude paraffin is one of the basic processes of treatment. Paraffin, which is completely insensitive to chemical factors, was used for the first time in wax production. For this feature, 20 percent stearic acid is added to the paraffin used to make melting difficult.The melting of crude paraffin wax at 37 and 48 degrees; The melting point of fully refined paraffin can vary between 48 and 66 degrees. If paraffin wax has a high melting point, it means they are alkanes of 26-30 carbons. Paraffin wax has a crystalline structure. Paraffin waxes are extracted from paraffin-based oils, just like Pennsylvania crude oil. The amount of paraffin extraction of crude oils varies according to their origin.Paraffin wax is produced from paraffin-based oils as raw materials. Also, since paraffin starts to boil at the same temperature as the oil that carries it, it cannot come out by distillation. Special methods come into play here. In the petroleum industry, a mass consisting of a mixture of paraffin sludge and solid normal paraffin is obtained from lubricating oils of fine and medium consistency. Usage areas Thanks to the paraffin used in textiles, the materials prevent water or air permeability. Thus, an effective insulation is provided. Paraffin is used in many areas of textile. For example, if we look at the use of paraffin in yarn; The paraffin adds lubricity to the yarn and lowers the friction coefficient of the yarn and remedy the problems that may occur due to ‘friction’. A yarn with poor waxing, even if it is of good quality, will cause problems in the knitting process, so its value as yarn decreases.Paraffin used in pharmacy; in liquid form, creams, ointments, suppositories and constipation, etc. It is found in medicines. Apart from this, paraffin, which has low thermal conductivity due to its structure, is frequently used in physical therapy and medicine because it is like an insulation material.Paraffin used in cosmetics increases the water resistance of the materials, makes them permanent and is evaluated in a wide variety of ways. It is possible to find paraffin in both beauty products and care products. The purpose of using paraffin in skin care products; It clogs the pores on the skin, traps moisture in the skin and thus, the skin is soft without drying. In the mask recipes recommended for the skin, the ones with paraffin are often preferred. We can say that especially cold paraffin is used frequently in hand and foot care. Skin cracking, tight feeling, peeling, etc. It is stated to be very effective in dealing with problems. Cold paraffin is more hygienic than hot paraffin because it is disposable.Liquid paraffin oil is a mineral oil, and is a by-product of petroleum distillation. It is transparent, colorless, odorless and tasteless oil, which is mainly composed of heavier alkanes. It is not soluble in water and is known to have low reactivity. Paraffin oil and paraffin wax have found a wide range of industrial, medical, as well as cosmetic uses in modern times. Liquid paraffin oil usually comes in two forms, heavy liquid paraffin oil and light liquid paraffin oil.Remembering that there is high-boiling paraffin oil and lower boiling paraffin oil (kerosene range), liquid paraffin oil has found numerous applications – from manufacturing candles to the production of cosmetics or beauty products. Several of the most noteworthy uses of liquid paraffin oil are:As a fuel in burning lamps and used as a fuel in many parts of the world; in this case the oil is usually a high-boiling kerosene fraction and should not be used for medicinal purposes.As a laxative – this oil is not absorbed by the intestinal tract.In the manufacture of penicillin, and is an important ingredient in many medicated creams, ointments, and balms.In the production of paints, dyes, pigments, wax, polythene, and insecticides.As a solvent and lubricant in the industrial sector.In the textile industry – mainly for spinning, weaving, and lubricating the sewing machines.In the cosmetic industry as well for the preparation of a number of solid and liquid brilliantine, moisturizers, cold cream, and lotions as well as in make-up products such as lipstick, lip balm, and foundation cream.In skin treatment, especially in treating diaper rash and eczema, and to preserve unstable or reactive substances Liquid paraffin (high boiling mineral oil) is a mixture of higher-molecular-weight alkanes, and has a number of names, including nujol, adepsine oil, alboline, glymol, medicinal paraffin, or saxol. It has a density of approximately 0.8 g/cm3.Liquid paraffin (medicinal) is used to aid problems of the gastrointestinal tract and it passes through the tract without itself being taken into the body. In the food industry, where paraffin oil may be called wax, it can be used as a lubricant in mechanical mixing, applied to baking tins to ensure that loaves are easily released when cooked and as a coating for fruit or other items requiring a “shiny” appearance for sale.Paraffin oil (boiling in the kerosene boiling range) can pose certain health hazards, especially if it is inhaled or ingested, and also due to repeated or prolonged skin exposure. Inhalation of paraffin oil can irritate the respiratory tract, and cause cough, shortness of breath and, occasionally, lead to hydrocarbon pneumonitis. On the other hand, prolonged skin exposure to this oil can cause skin irritation, which can lead to contact dermatitis, especially in individuals who already have skin disorders or diseases. Ingestion of paraffin oil can cause upset of the intestinal tract.Paraffin oil which has not been highly refined is often considered as a carcinogen or cancer-causing agent. Therefore, adequate precaution is required while using paraffin oil. Ideally, liquid paraffin oil should be stored in a cool and well-ventilated place, in a tightly closed container. As some paraffin oil is highly inflammable, be sure to keep it away from any source of heat or ignition, and also out of direct sunlight. Lastly, while using this oil for various purposes, be sure to follow the instructions mentioned on the label of the product, regarding the handling and storage of liquid paraffin oil.Liquid Paraffin Liquid Paraffin is used to relieve constipation. Do not use this product in children under the age of 3.Liquid Paraffin Overview Liquid Paraffin is a product used to provide temporary relief of constipation.This product is available in liquid form and is taken by mouth.Uses of Liquid Paraffin Liquid Paraffin is a product used to provide temporary relief of constipation.This medication may be recommended for other uses. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.Liquid Paraffin Drug Class Liquid Paraffin is part of the drug class:Softeners, emollients Liquid Paraffin Interactions Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take including prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Especially tell your doctor if you take vitamins. This product may interfere with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins.This is not a complete list of drug interactions. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.Liquid Paraffin Precautions Serious side effects have been reported with this product including the following:Anal leakage of paraffin with anal irritation after using this product for a long time.Granulomatous reaction caused by absorption of small quantities of liquid paraffin.Lipoid pneumonia (by accidental inhalation) may occur, therefore caution is required in patients with swallowing difficulty.Contact your doctor if:you need a laxative every day you have stomach pain that does not go away have a condition which makes swallowing difficult This product is not recommended for children under the age of 3.Liquid Paraffin and Pregnancy Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.This product’s use during pregnancy is not recommended.Liquid Paraffin and Lactation Tell your doctor if you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed.This product’s use during breastfeeding is not recommended.Liquid Paraffin Usage Follow the directions on the label carefully.Do not use this medication for long periods of time.Contact your doctor if:you need a laxative every day you have stomach pain that does not go away have a condition which makes swallowing difficult Liquid Paraffin Dosage The recommended dose in adults is 10-30ml when required.The recomended dose in children over the age of 3 years old is 5-20ml when required.This product is not recommended in children under the age of 3.Liquid Paraffin Overdose If you take too much of this product, call your healthcare provider or local Poison Control Center, or seek emergency medical attention right away.Liquid paraffin or mineral oil is a transparent, colourless, odourless, or almost odourless, oily liquid composed of saturated hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.1 Petroleum was used as a medicine at least 400 years before Christ.2 The earliest internal use of refined petroleum appears to date back to 1872, when Robert A. Chesebrough was granted a patent for the manufacture of “a new and useful product from petroleum”.2 The use of liquid paraffin gained popularity, after Sir W. Arbuthnot Lane, Chief Surgeon of Guy’s Hospital in 1913, recommended its use as a treatment for intestinal stasis and chronic constipation.3The popularity of liquid paraffin as a treatment for constipation and encopresis stems primarily from its tolerability and ease of titration. Although conversion of mineral oil to hydroxy fatty acids induces an osmotic effect,4 liquid paraffin appears to work primarily as a stool lubricant.5 Therefore, liquid paraffin is not associated with abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, flatulence, electrolyte disturbances, or the emergence of tolerance with long term usage, side effects commonly associated with osmotic or stimulant laxatives.6 These features make liquid paraffin particularly attractive for use in chronic constipation and encopresis of childhood, where large doses and prolonged administration commonly are necessary during the disimpaction and maintenance phases of treatment, respectively.6However, although liquid paraffin is widely accepted and recommended as a fundamental component of regimens for the management of constipation in North America and Australia,6 7 it is little used in the United Kingdom.8 9 This trans-Atlantic dichotomy in liquid paraffin usage has been underscored by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) endorsement of practice guidelines developed by the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (NASPGN) for the management of constipation in infants and children.6 NASPGN clearly identify liquid paraffin (mineral oil) as a medication of first choice in the management of paediatric constipation. Therefore, it is timely to reappraise the role of liquid paraffin in the management of childhood constipation and to explore the reasons underlying local distrust of this medication.In stating that grade I evidence (defined as evidence from at least one properly designed randomised, controlled study) exists for the efficacy and safety of liquid paraffin, the authors of the NASPGN medical position statement on childhood constipation may have overestimated the quality of the existing literature on this medication. However, direct evidence for the efficacy of liquid paraffin compared with other forms of intervention does exist, as liquid paraffin has formed the basis of treatment in a number of outcome studies of paediatric constipation/encopresis.11 18-21For the purposes of disimpaction, liquid paraffin appeared to be slightly less efficacious than an oral lavage solution in a small randomised study by Tolia and colleagues.19 However, liquid paraffin was better tolerated and compliance was improved compared with the polyethylene glycol solution.In a direct comparison of lubricant and stimulant laxatives as maintenance treatment for constipation,20 liquid paraffin fared better, with 11 of 19 children treated with liquid paraffin successfully discontinuing regular medications after six months compared to only four of 18 using senna. Liquid paraffin was also among the laxatives used in a randomised, controlled study showing the superior efficacy of laxatives combined with behavioural modification compared with behavioural modification alone21 in children with encopresis. However a direct comparison of liquid paraffin with other laxatives was not undertaken in that study.These data, coupled with extensive accumulated experience, provide support for the current NASPGN/AAP guidelines recommending liquid paraffin both for the initial disimpaction and maintenance phases of treatment in children older than 1 year of age. There do not appear to be any objective data on the use and safety of liquid paraffin in young infants. However, it is recommended that infants under the age of 1 year should not receive liquid paraffin because gastro-oesophageal reflux and incoordination of swallowing are more common in infants, thereby posing a greater risk of aspiration and the development of lipoid pneumonia.The widely held belief that fat soluble vitamin absorption may be affected by ingestion of liquid paraffin is based on early studies.32-34 In 1939 Curtis and Ballmer showed a slight decrease in serum carotene values after a number of weeks of liquid paraffin use.33 However, concentrations of carotene in the deficient range were not observed in this study. In 1941, Javert and Macri documented hypoprothrombinaemia during liquid paraffin therapy of variable duration in a small sample of adult patients (n = 10).32In contrast, Ballantine and colleagues,35 in a study of prothrombin time, serum retinol, and α tocopherol concentrations, did not find any significant difference in values among 19 children receiving liquid paraffin compared with a group of control patients. Some of these children had received liquid paraffin for as long as six years.35 This study did not include pretreatment vitamin concentrations for comparison. However, Clark and colleagues,5 using sequential measurements of fat soluble vitamin markers, showed that up to four months of liquid paraffin treatment does not adversely affect concentrations of retinol or α tocopherol. In a more recent study, McClung and colleagues17 showed stable serum concentrations of vitamin E among 16 children taking liquid paraffin over a period of six months. Taken together these data clearly indicate that liquid paraffin therapy is inadequate to deplete tissue stores of fat soluble vitamins.Occupational mineral oil exposure has been associated with the development of human cancer. In particular, oil exposure in early textile industries was shown to increase the risk for the development of skin cancers.36 However, evidence to support carcinogenicity of mineral oil products in modern occupational settings, even when there was prolonged dermal and inhalational exposure, has been less convincing.36 37In addition, results from animal challenge studies with liquid paraffin type products are reassuring. For example, “light” mineral oils (the form comprising liquid paraffin medication) do not appear to be carcinogenic in dogs or rodents.38 39For those ingesting liquid paraffin as a medication, there are no studies explicitly examining the potential carcinogenicity of this treatment. However, to our knowledge, widespread usage of liquid paraffin for patients with constipation has not engendered any connection between use of this product and the development of cancer.There have been a number of case reports of lipoid pneumonia developing in association with liquid paraffin ingestion.40-44 In some reports the mechanism predisposing to liquid paraffin aspiration is not clear. For instance, lipoid pneumonia developed in a child in whom the only source of liquid paraffin identified was lip gloss.41 However, in most cases there has been a coexistent neurodevelopmental abnormality clearly predisposing the patient to aspiration.42 43Undoubtedly, access of liquid paraffin to the lower respiratory tract can result in severe tissue damage, and children at risk for aspiration or those who have difficulty with swallowing should not be prescribed this medication.When the diagnosis of constipation/encopresis is established, the child and parents are provided with a conceptual framework of constipation and the mechanisms of overflow incontinence using simple diagrammatic representation. The family then meets the gastroenterology liaison nurse who reinforces the treatment strategy and the need for compliance.We recommend disimpaction using a three to five day cycle of bisacodyl (Dulco-Lax) by mouth: 5 mg/day for children under 5 years; 10 mg/day for children over 5 years. The use of bisacodyl, a stimulant laxative, appears to expedite disimpaction and avoids the seepage associated with the ingestion of large doses of liquid paraffin that would be required if liquid paraffin was used as the sole treatment during this phase. Bisacodyl is administered in the morning. Parents and patients are warned of the possibility of abdominal cramps and urgent stools during this phase. If disimpaction has not occurred following the initial cycle of bisacodyl, parents are advised to repeat the cycle. Liquid paraffin is commenced simultaneously, at a dose of approximately 1 ml/kg at night. Telephone contact between parents and the gastroenterology liaison nurse is established during the first week of treatment. Liquid paraffin is increased in 10 ml increments every three to five days until the child is having soft stools that are easy to pass.Although most young children do not complain of taste aversion to liquid paraffin, mixing with yoghurt or ice-cream can improve palatability. However, failure to finish liquid paraffin mixed with yoghurt or other foods is a common reason for an apparent inadequate response. Therefore, if liquid paraffin is being mixed with yoghurt or fatty ice-cream, an extra 10 ml should be added to ensure adequate intake of the required dose. In addition, it is recommended that liquid paraffin be kept in the refrigerator, as it is less viscid when cold.Leakage of oil (commonly orange in colour) may indicate ingestion of excess liquid paraffin. However, more commonly oil seepage indicates the presence of retained impacted faeces. Therefore, parents are advised always to contact the gastroenterology nurse before considering reduction in liquid paraffin dose for presumed over-treatment. The family is instructed to expect treatment to continue for six months or more. In practice many can wean the dose before this time but that decision is usually made in conjunction with the gastroenterology team. Non-compliance or inappropriate discontinuation of medication is the most common reason for early treatment failure.Parents are advised not to force feed the liquid paraffin and it is never prescribed for children with underlying neurological conditions or in those with disorders of swallowing. In addition, because of the theoretical possibility of aspiration, most children less than 12 months old are treated with lactulose in place of liquid paraffin.Liquid paraffin has an established track record as an effective treatment modality for childhood constipation. This medication combines ease of titration with tolerability and sustained effect despite prolonged use, making it attractive for use in childhood constipation/encopresis.Although the possibility of systemic absorption of liquid paraffin cannot be discounted, the contribution of liquid paraffin to lipid follicles in autopsy studies is unclear. Further studies on the potential for systemic absorption of liquid paraffin are warranted. The administration of liquid paraffin in patients at risk for aspiration is not recommended, and at present it is probably prudent not to administer this medication to children under 12 months old.Concerns regarding the development of fat soluble vitamin deficiency in those administered liquid paraffin are unfounded, and there exists no evidence to support the carcinogenicity of this treatment.

TR

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) IUPAC Ad 2- (3,4,5-trihidroksifenil) kromenilyum-3,5,7-triol; klorür

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) InChI InChI = 1S / C15H10O7.ClH / c16-7-3-9 (17) 8-5-12 (20) 15 (22-13 (8) 4-7) 6-1-10 (18) 14 (21 ) 11 (19) 2-6; / h1-5H, (H5-, 16,17,18,19,20,21); 1H

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) InChI Anahtar FFNDMZIBVDSQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Kanonik SMILES C1 = C (C = C (C (= C1O) O) O) C2 = [O +] C3 = CC (= CC (= C3C = C2O) O) O. [Cl-]

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Moleküler Formül C15H11ClO7

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) CAS 8012-95-1

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) lgili CAS 13270-61-6 (Ana)

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Avrupa Topluluu (EC) Numaras 232-384-2

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) UNII EM6MD4AEHE

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) DSSTox Madde Kimlii DTXSID3034743

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Fiziksel Tanm effaf renksiz yal sv. Isndnda bile pratik olarak tatsz ve kokusuzdur. (NTP, 1992)

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Renk / Form Renksiz, yal sv

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Koku Istldnda bile pratik olarak kokusuzdur

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Tad sndnda bile pratik olarak tatsz

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Kaynama Noktas Çok yüksek 360 ° C

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Erime Noktas 0 ° F

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Parlama Noktas 380 ° F

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Çözünürlük Çözünmez

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) 68 ° F’de younluk 0.822

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Buhar Basnc <0,5 mmHg

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Kararllk / Raf Ömrü Önerilen saklama koullarnda kararldr.

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Ayrma Ayrmak için stldnda keskin duman ve dumanlar yayar.

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Viskozite Kinematik viskozite 37.8 ° C’de 38.1 santistok’tan az olmamaldr

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Yüzey Gerilimi 25 ° C’de 35 din / cm’nin biraz altnda

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Çarpma Kesiti 171.35 Ų [M] + [CCS Tipi: DT, Yöntem: kademeli alan]

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Moleküler Arlk 338.69 g / mol

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Hidrojen Ba Donör Says 6

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Hidrojen Ba Alcs Says 7

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Dönebilen Tahvil Says 1

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Tam Kütle 338.01933 g / mol

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Monoizotopik Kütle 338.01933 g / mol

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Topolojik Polar Yüzey Alan 122 Ų

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Ar Atom Says 23

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Resmi Ücret 0

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Karmaklk 380

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) zotop Atom Says 0

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Tanml Atom Stereo Merkez Says 0

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Tanmsz Atom Stereo Merkez Says 0

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Tanml Bond Stereocenter Says 0

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Tanmsz Ba Stereocenter Says 0

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Kovalent Bal Birim Says 2

Liquid Paraffin(Sv Parafin) Bileik Kanonikletirilmitir Evet

Paraffinum liquidum veya Rus mineral ya olarak da bilinen sv parafin, kozmetik ve tpta kullanlan oldukça rafine bir mineral yadr. Kozmetik veya tbbi sv parafin, yakt olarak kullanlan parafin (veya gazya) ile kartrlmamaldr. effaf, renksiz, neredeyse kokusuz ve yaldr ve petrolden elde edilen doymu hidrokarbonlardan oluur. [1] Paraffinum perliquidum terimi bazen hafif sv parafini belirtmek için kullanlrken, paraffinum subliquidum terimi bazen daha kaln bir minerali belirtmek için kullanlr. Petrolün MÖ 400’den beri ilaç olarak kullanld söyleniyor ve klasik yazarlar Herodotus, Plutarch, Dioscorides, Pliny ve dierlerinin metinlerinde bahsediliyor. [2] lk Araplar tarafndan youn bir ekilde kullanld ve erken Hint tbbnda önemliydi. çerideki ilk kullanm, 1872’de “petrolden yeni ve faydal bir ürün” üretmek için patentini alan Robert A. Chesebrough’a atfedilmitir. [1] O zamanlar Guy’s Hastanesi Ba Cerrah olan Sir W. Arbuhnot Lane’den sonra, 1913 ylnda barsak durgunluu ve kronik kabzlk tedavisi olarak önerildi, sv parafin daha fazla popülerlik kazand. Sv parafin, tpta birincil olarak pediatrik müshil olarak kullanlr ve kabzlk ve enkoprezis için popüler bir tedavidir. [1] Titrasyon kolayl nedeniyle ilacn sentezlenmesi uygundur. Öncelikle bir dk kayganlatrc görevi görür ve bu nedenle karn kramplar, ishal, gaz, elektrolitlerdeki rahatszlklar veya uzun kullanm sürelerinde tolerans ile ilikili deildir, ozmotik ve uyarc laksatiflerin sklkla ortaya çkard yan etkiler (ancak, baz literatür bunlarn hala oluabilir). [1] [3] laç, dky yumuatarak etki eder ve barsa yal bir filmle kaplar. [4] Böylelikle kazk (hemoroid) gibi belirli durumlarn neden olduu ary azaltr. Bu özellikler, ilac, büyük dozlar veya uzun süreli kullanm gerekli olduunda, kronik çocukluk ça kabzl ve enkoprezisi için ideal klar. [1] lacn çocuklar için güvenlii konusunda tam olarak fikir birliine varlamamtr. laç, Kuzey Amerika ve Avustralya’da çocukluk ça kabzlnn yönetimi için yaygn olarak kabul edilirken, Birleik Krallk’ta ilaç çok daha az kullanlmaktadr. [1] laç, Amerikan Pediatri Akademisi ve Kuzey Amerika Gastroenteroloji ve Beslenme Dernei tarafndan onaylanmtr ve ikinci organizasyon, pediatrik kabzln yönetimi için ilk seçenek olarak bunu özetlemektedir. [1] Hastann nörolojik olarak bozulduu veya potansiyel solunum komplikasyonlar nedeniyle potansiyel bir yutma disfonksiyonuna sahip olduu durumlarda ilacn asla kullanlmamas önerilmektedir. Bu ilacn ciddi bir komplikasyonu olan mineral ya aspirasyonuna bal lipoid pnömoni, uygun olmayan mineral ya kullanmnn potansiyel tehlikeleri konusunda bakm verenler arasnda farkndaln artmas gerektiini vurgulamaktadr. [5] Bazlar asla çocuklarda kullanlmamas gerektiini söyleyecek kadar ileri giderler. [4] Sv parafin, Mil-Par ticari adyla satlan (dierleri arasnda) bir ozmotik müshil olarak magnezyum ile kombinasyon halinde de kullanlr.[6] Ek olarak, kapsüller ve tabletler üzerinde ayrc, balayc veya yalayc olarak kullanlabilir. [7] Sv parafin, nemlendirici ve temizleyici bir ajandr. Bu nedenle birçok kozmetikte hem cilt hem de saç ürünlerinde kullanlmaktadr. Ayn zamanda balmumu sonras mendillerin bileenlerinden biri olarak da kullanlr. Sv parafin, azdan alndnda yada çözünen vitaminlerin emilimini engelleyebilir, ancak kantlar bunu tam olarak desteklemiyor gibi görünmektedir. [8] Barsak duvar tarafndan absorbe edilebilir [4] ve baz sçan türlerinde yabanc cisim granülomatöz reaksiyonlara neden olabilir. Ancak bu reaksiyonlar insanlarda ortaya çkmayabilir. [9] Baz kantlar, kanserojenlik eksiklii yarattn göstermektedir. [10] Sv parafin akcierlere girerse lipoid pnömoniye neden olabilir. [4] Enjekte edilirse granülomatöz reaksiyonlara neden olabilir. [11] Tanm ve Kullanm Alanlar: Parafin, adn alm olan CNH2N + 2 formülündeki asil bir petrol bileiidir. Latince ‘Parafin afin’ reaksiyonlarna kar düük duyarll nedeniyle. Parafin mumu, tarihte ilk kez Carl Reichenbach tarafndan 1829 ylnda aaç katranndan ve ardndan tam tabakadan üretildiinde üretildi. Son olarak, 1867’deki son versiyonu; petrolden satn alnd. Yllar geçtikçe ve 1947’ye gelindiinde artk sentetik parafin mumu yaplrken, günümüzde parafin üreticileri de ayn teknii mevcut teknolojik olanaklar dorultusunda kullanyor. Bu teknie göre yeni yaplan parafin mumlar yüzde 20 ya içeriyor. Bazen bu ya miktar yüzde 3 orannda azaltlabilir. Ek olarak, renk, koku ve tatta iyileme, daha yüksek düzeyde bir saflatrma ile salanabilir. Parafin saflatrlrken ilem srasnda sülfürik asit ve kil kullanlr. Parafinin ham petrolden ayrlmas bir gerekliliktir. Parafinin aslnda petrolün bir yan ürünü olduunu söyleyebiliriz. Rafine edilirken ham petrolden elde edilen yal parafin önce scak olarak eritilir. Daha sonra soutularak sadece parafin ksmnn dondurulmas amaçlanr. Dondurulmu hamur halindeki parafin tabakas iyice ya alnarak ayrlr.Ham parafinin saflatrlmas, artmann temel süreçlerinden biridir. Kimyasal faktörlere kar tamamen duyarsz olan parafin, mum üretiminde ilk kez kullanld. Bu özellik için erimeyi zorlatrmak için kullanlan parafine yüzde 20 stearik asit ilave edilir. 37 ve 48 derecede ham parafin mumunun erimesi; Tamamen rafine edilmi parafinin erime noktas 48 ile 66 derece arasnda deiebilir. Parafin mumunun erime noktas yüksek ise 26-30 karbonlu alkanlar demektir. Parafin mumunun kristal bir yaps vardr. Parafin mumlar, Pennsylvania ham petrolünde olduu gibi parafin bazl yalardan elde edilir. Ham yalarn parafin ekstraksiyon miktar meneine göre deiir.Parafin mumu, hammadde olarak parafin esasl yalardan üretilir. Ayrca parafin, kendisini tayan ya ile ayn scaklkta kaynamaya balad için damtlarak dar çkamaz. Burada özel yöntemler devreye giriyor. Petrol endüstrisinde, ince ve orta kvamdaki yalama yalarndan parafin çamuru ve kat normal parafin karmndan oluan bir kütle elde edilir. Kullanm alanlar Tekstilde kullanlan parafin sayesinde malzemeler su veya hava geçirgenliini engeller. Böylelikle etkili bir yaltm salanr. Parafin, tekstilin birçok alannda kullanlmaktadr. Örnein iplikte parafin kullanmna bakarsak; Parafin, iplie kayganlk katarak ipliin sürtünme katsaysn düürür ve ‘sürtünme’ nedeniyle oluabilecek sorunlar çözer. Parafinlenmesi kötü olan bir iplik, kaliteli olsa bile örme ileminde sorunlara yol açacandan iplik azaldkça deeri azalacaktr. Eczanede kullanlan parafin; sv halde kremler, merhemler, fitiller ve kabzlk vb. ilaçlarda bulunur. Bunun dnda yaps gerei düük s iletkenliine sahip olan parafin, bir yaltm malzemesi gibi olduu için fizik tedavi ve tpta sklkla kullanlmaktadr.Kozmetikte kullanlan parafin, malzemelerin suya dayanmn arttrmakta, kalc hale getirmekte ve deerlendirilmektedir. çok çeitli ekillerde. Hem güzellik ürünlerinde hem de bakm ürünlerinde parafin bulmak mümkün. Cilt bakm ürünlerinde parafin kullanm amac; Ciltteki gözenekleri tkar, ciltte nemi hapseder ve böylece cilt kurumadan yumuaktr. Cilt için önerilen maske tariflerinde parafinli olanlar sklkla tercih edilmektedir. El ve ayak bakmnda özellikle souk parafinin sklkla kullanldn söyleyebiliriz. Deride çatlama, gerginlik hissi, soyulma vb. Problemlerle ba etmede çok etkili olduu belirtilmektedir. Souk parafin, tek kullanmlk olduu için scak parafinden daha hijyeniktir.Sv parafin ya bir mineral yadr ve petrol damtmnn bir yan ürünüdür. Esas olarak daha ar alkanlardan oluan effaf, renksiz, kokusuz ve tatsz bir yadr. Suda çözünmez ve düük reaktiviteye sahip olduu bilinmektedir. Parafin ya ve parafin mumu, modern zamanlarda çok çeitli endüstriyel, tbbi ve kozmetik kullanm alanlar bulmutur. Sv parafin ya genellikle iki ekilde bulunur; ar sv parafin ya ve hafif sv parafin ya.Yüksek kaynama noktal parafin ya ve daha düük kaynamal parafin ya (gazya aral) olduunu hatrlayan sv parafin ya, mum üretiminden kozmetik veya güzellik ürünlerinin üretimine kadar çok sayda uygulama alan bulmutur. Sv parafin yann en dikkate deer kullanmlarndan bazlar unlardr: Yanan lambalarda yakt olarak ve dünyann birçok yerinde yakt olarak kullanlr; bu durumda ya genellikle yüksek derecede kaynayan bir gazya fraksiyonudur ve tbbi amaçlar için kullanlmamaldr. bir müshil olarak – bu ya barsak tarafndan emilmez. penisilin üretiminde ve birçok ilaçta önemli bir bileendir. kremler, merhemler ve merhemler Boyalar, boyalar, pigmentler, vaks, polietilen ve böcek öldürücülerin üretiminde Endüstriyel sektörde bir çözücü ve yalayc olarak Tekstil endüstrisinde – esas olarak diki makinelerinin erilmesi, dokuma ve yalanmas için Kozmetik endüstrisinde, bir takm kat ve sv brilliantine, nemlendiriciler, souk krem ​​ve losyonlarn hazrlanmasnda ve ayrca ruj, dudak kremi ve fondöten kremi gibi makyaj ürünlerinde. piik ve egzamann tedavisinde ve stabil olmayan veya reaktif maddeleri korumak için Sv parafin (yüksek kaynama noktal mineral ya), yüksek moleküler arlkl alkanlarn bir karmdr ve nujol, adepsin ya, albolin dahil olmak üzere bir dizi isme sahiptir. glimol, tbbi parafin veya saksol. Yaklak 0.8 g / cm3 younlua sahiptir. Sv parafin (tbbi) mide-barsak sistemi sorunlarna yardmc olmak için kullanlr ve vücuda alnmadan kanaldan geçer. Parafin yann balmumu olarak adlandrlabildii gda endüstrisinde, mekanik kartrmada yalayc olarak kullanlabilir, piirildiinde somunlarn kolayca serbest kalmasn salamak için frn kalplarna ve meyve veya “parlak” gerektiren dier öeler için bir kaplama olarak kullanlabilir. Parafin ya (gazya kaynama aralnda kaynar) özellikle solunduunda veya yutulduunda ve ayrca tekrarlanan veya uzun süreli cilt maruziyetinden dolay baz salk tehlikeleri oluturabilir. Parafin yann solunmas solunum sistemini tahri edebilir ve öksürüe, nefes darlna ve bazen de hidrokarbon pnömonisine neden olabilir. Öte yandan, cildin bu yaa uzun süre maruz kalmas cilt tahriine neden olabilir, bu da özellikle zaten cilt bozukluklar veya hastalklar olan kiilerde kontakt dermatite yol açabilir. Parafin yann yutulmas barsak yolunun bozulmasna neden olabilir. Yüksek oranda rafine edilmemi parafin ya genellikle kanserojen veya kansere neden olan bir ajan olarak kabul edilir. Bu nedenle parafin ya kullanlrken yeterli önlem alnmas gerekmektedir. deal olarak sv parafin ya, serin ve iyi havalandrlan bir yerde, skca kapatlm bir kapta saklanmaldr. Baz parafin yalar son derece yanc olduundan, onu herhangi bir s veya tutuma kaynandan ve ayrca dorudan güne ndan uzak tuttuunuzdan emin olun. Son olarak, bu ya çeitli amaçlar için kullanrken, sv parafin yann kullanlmas ve depolanmas ile ilgili ürün etiketinde belirtilen talimatlara mutlaka uyun. Sv Parafin Sv Parafin, kabzl gidermek için kullanlr. Bu ürünü 3 yan altndaki çocuklarda kullanmaynz. Sv Parafine Genel Bak Sv Parafin, kabzln geçici olarak rahatlamasn salamak için kullanlan bir üründür.Bu ürün sv halde mevcuttur ve az yoluyla alnr. Sv Parafin Kullanmlar Sv Parafin Kabzl geçici olarak rahatlatmak için kullanlan ürün Bu ilaç baka kullanmlar için önerilebilir. Daha fazla bilgi için doktorunuza veya eczacnza dann. Sv Parafin laç Snf Sv Parafin, ilaç snfnn bir parçasdr: Yumuatclar, yumuatclar Sv Parafin Etkileimleri Reçeteli ve reçetesiz ilaçlar, vitaminler ve bitkisel takviyeler de dahil olmak üzere aldnz tüm ilaçlar hakknda doktorunuza bilgi verin. Özellikle vitamin alrsanz doktorunuza söyleyin. Bu ürün, yada çözünen vitaminlerin emilimini etkileyebilir. Bu, ilaç etkileimlerinin tam listesi deildir. Daha fazla bilgi için doktorunuza veya eczacnza dannz.Sv Parafin Önlemleri Aadakiler dahil olmak üzere bu üründe ciddi yan etkiler bildirilmitir: Bu ürünü uzun süre kullandktan sonra anal tahri ile birlikte anal parafin sznts Küçük miktarlarda sv parafinin emilmesinden kaynaklanan granülomatöz reaksiyon Lipoid pnömoni (kazara solunmas yoluyla) Yutma güçlüü çeken hastalarda dikkatli olunmas gerekir. Aadaki durumlarda doktorunuza bavurun: Her gün bir müshil ihtiyacnz varsa, geçmeyen mide arnz varsa, yutmay zorlatran bir durum varsa Bu ürün, ya alt çocuklar için tavsiye edilmez. Ya 3 Sv Parafin ve Gebelik Hamileyseniz veya hamile kalmay planlyorsanz doktorunuza söyleyin.Bu ürünün hamilelik srasnda kullanlmas tavsiye edilmez. Sv Parafin ve Emzirme Emziriyorsanz veya emzirmeyi planlyorsanz doktorunuza bildirin. Emzirme tavsiye edilmez. Sv Parafin Kullanm Etiketteki talimatlar dikkatlice izleyin. Aadaki durumlarda doktorunuzla iletiime geçin: Her gün bir laksatife ihtiyacnz varsa, geçmeyen mide arnz varsa, yutmay güçletiren bir durum varsa Sv Parafin Dozu Yetikinlerde önerilen doz gerektiinde 10-30 ml’dir. 3 yan üzerindeki çocuklarda önerilen doz gerektiinde 5-20 ml’dir. 3 yan altndaki çocuklarda bu ürün tavsiye edilmez. Sv Parafin Doz am Bu ürünü çok fazla alrsanz, salk uzmannz veya yerel Poison’u arayn. Kontrol Merkezi veya hemen acil tbbi yardm isteyin Sv parafin veya mineral ya, petrolden elde edilen doymu hidrokarbonlardan oluan effaf, renksiz, kokusuz veya neredeyse kokusuz, yal bir svdr. 1 Petrol, en az 400 yl önce ilaç olarak kullanlmtr. sa.2 Rafine petrolün en eski dahili kullanm, Robert A. Chesebrough’a “petrolden yeni ve faydal bir ürün” üretimi için bir patent verildii 1872 ylna dayanyor gibi görünüyor. eum ”.2 Sv parafin kullanm, 1913’te Guy’s Hastanesi Ba Cerrah Sir W.Arbuthnot Lane’in barsak staz ve kronik kabzlk tedavisi olarak kullanlmasn önermesinden sonra popülerlik kazand. 3 Kabzlk ve enkoprezis tedavisi olarak sv parafinin popülerlii kaynaklanyor öncelikle tolere edilebilirlii ve titrasyon kolaylndan kaynaklanmaktadr. Mineral yan hidroksi ya asitlerine dönütürülmesi ozmotik bir etkiye neden olsa da, 4 sv parafin esas olarak bir dk kayganlatrc olarak ie yaryor gibi görünmektedir.5 Bu nedenle, sv parafin, karn kramplar, ishal, gaz, elektrolit bozukluklar veya toleransn ortaya çkmas ile ilikili deildir. uzun süreli kullanm, yaygn olarak ozmotik veya uyarc laksatiflerle ilikili yan etkiler.6 Bu özellikler, sv parafini, kronik kabzlk ve çocukluk ça enkoprezisinde kullanm için özellikle çekici klar; burada, tedavinin kesilme ve bakm aamalarnda genellikle büyük dozlar ve uzun süreli uygulama gereklidir. 6 Bununla birlikte, sv parafin, Kuzey Amerika ve Avustralya’da kabzlk yönetimine yönelik rejimlerin temel bir bileeni olarak yaygn ekilde kabul edilmesine ve önerilmesine ramen, 6 7 Birleik Krallk’ta çok az kullanlmaktadr. 8 9 Svdaki bu trans-Atlantik ikilemi Amerikan Pediatri Akademisi (AAP) tarafndan parafin kullanmnn alt çizilmitir. Kuzey Amerika Pediatrik Gastroenteroloji ve Beslenme Dernei (NASPGN) tarafndan bebeklerde ve çocuklarda kabzln yönetimi için gelitirilen uygulama klavuzlarnn önerisi.6 NASPGN, pediatrik kabzln yönetiminde ilk tercih edilen bir ilaç olarak sv parafini (mineral ya) açkça tanmlamaktadr. . Bu nedenle, sv parafinin çocukluk ça kabzlnn yönetimindeki rolünü yeniden deerlendirmek ve bu ilaca yerel güvensizliin altnda yatan nedenleri aratrmak için tam zamandr. ) sv parafinin etkinlii ve güvenlii için mevcuttur, NASPGN’nin çocukluk ça kabzlna ilikin tbbi durum bildiriminin yazarlar, bu ilaçla ilgili mevcut literatürün kalitesini fazla tahmin etmi olabilir. Bununla birlikte, sv parafinin pediyatrik kabzlk / enkoprezis ile ilgili bir dizi sonuç çalmasnda tedavinin temelini oluturduundan, sv parafinin dier müdahale biçimleriyle karlatrldnda etkinliine ilikin dorudan kant mevcuttur.11 18-21 Disimpaction amacyla, sv Tolia ve meslektalarnn yapt küçük bir randomize çalmada parafinin oral lavaj solüsyonundan biraz daha az etkili olduu görülmütür.19 Bununla birlikte, sv parafin daha iyi tolere edildi ve polietilen glikol solüsyonuna kyasla uyum gelitirildi. yalayc ve uyarc laksatiflerin dorudan karlatrmasnda kabzlk için idame tedavisi olarak, 20 sv parafin daha iyi sonuç verdi ve sv parafin ile tedavi edilen 19 çocuktan 11’i, alt ay sonra normal ilaçlar baaryla brakt; Sv parafin ayrca, enkoprezisi olan çocuklarda tek bana davran deiiklii21 ile karlatrldnda laksatiflerin davran deiiklii ile birlikte üstün etkinliini gösteren randomize, kontrollü bir çalmada kullanlan laksatifler arasndayd. Bununla birlikte, bu çalmada sv parafinin dier laksatiflerle dorudan bir karlatrmas yaplmamtr. Bu veriler, kapsaml birikmi deneyimlerle birletiinde, çocuklarda tedavinin hem ilk disimpaction hem de idame aamalar için sv parafin öneren mevcut NASPGN / AAP klavuzlarna destek salar. 1 yandan büyük. Küçük bebeklerde sv parafinin kullanm ve güvenlii ile ilgili herhangi bir nesnel veri görünmemektedir. Bununla birlikte, bebeklerde gastroözofageal reflü ve yutma koordinasyon bozukluu daha yaygn olduundan, daha büyük aspirasyon ve lipoid pnömoni gelime riski oluturduundan, 1 yan altndaki bebeklerin sv parafin almamas önerilir. Yada eriyen vitamin emiliminin sv parafin almndan etkilenebilecei inanc erken aratrmalara dayanmaktadr.32-34 1939’da Curtis ve Ballmer, birkaç haftalk sv parafin kullanmndan sonra serum karoten deerlerinde hafif bir düü gösterdiler.33 Ancak, bu çalmada yetersiz aralktaki karoten konsantrasyonlar gözlenmedi. 1941’de Javert ve Macri, küçük bir yetikin hasta örneinde (n = 10) deiken süreli sv parafin tedavisi srasnda hipoprotrombinemiyi belgeledi. 32 Aksine, Ballantine ve arkadalar, 35 protrombin zaman, serum retinol ve α tokoferol konsantrasyonlar üzerine bir çalmada sv parafin alan 19 çocuk arasnda, bir grup kontrol hastasna kyasla deerlerde anlaml bir fark bulamad. Bu çocuklardan bazlar alt yla kadar sv parafin almt.35 Bu çalma, karlatrma için ön tedavi vitamin konsantrasyonlarn içermiyordu. Bununla birlikte, Clark ve meslektalar, yada çözünen vitamin belirteçlerinin ardk ölçümlerini kullanarak, dört aya kadar sv parafin tedavisinin retinol veya a tokoferol konsantrasyonlarn olumsuz yönde etkilemediini gösterdi. Daha yeni bir çalmada, McClung ve meslektalar17 alt aylk bir süre boyunca sv parafin alan 16 çocuk arasnda stabil serum E vitamini konsantrasyonlar gösterdi. Bu veriler birlikte ele alndnda, sv parafin tedavisinin, yada çözünen vitaminlerin doku depolarn tüketmek için yetersiz olduunu açkça göstermektedir.Mesleki mineral ya maruziyeti, insan kanserinin geliimi ile ilikilendirilmitir. Özellikle, erken dönem tekstil endüstrilerinde petrole maruz kalmann cilt kanserlerinin geliimi riskini artrd gösterilmitir.36 Bununla birlikte, modern mesleki ortamlarda, uzun süreli deri ve soluma maruziyet olsa bile mineral ya ürünlerinin kanserojenliini destekleyen kantlar olmutur. daha az ikna edici.36 37 Buna ek olarak, sv parafin tipi ürünlerle yaplan hayvanlar üzerinde yaplan mücadele çalmalarndan elde edilen sonuçlar güven vericidir. Örnein, “hafif” mineral yalar (sv parafin ilacn içeren form) köpeklerde veya kemirgenlerde kanserojen görünmemektedir.38 39 Bir ilaç olarak sv parafini yutanlar için, bu tedavinin potansiyel karsinojenitesini açk bir ekilde inceleyen herhangi bir çalma bulunmamaktadr. Bununla birlikte, bilgimize göre, kabzl olan hastalar için sv parafinin yaygn kullanm, bu ürünün kullanm ile kanser geliimi arasnda herhangi bir balantya neden olmamtr. 40-44 Baz raporlarda sv parafin aspirasyonuna yatknlk mekanizmas net deildir. Örnein, sv parafinin tek kaynann dudak parlatcs olduu bir çocukta lipoid pnömoni gelimitir.41 Bununla birlikte, çou vakada, hastay aspirasyona açk bir ekilde yatkn hale getiren bir arada bulunan nörogeliimsel bir anormallik olmutur.42 43 Kukusuz, sv parafinin alt solunum yolu ciddi doku hasarna neden olabilir ve aspirasyon riski olan veya yutma güçlüü çeken çocuklara bu ilaç reçete edilmemelidir.Kabzlk / enkoprezis tans konulduunda çocuk ve ebeveynlere kavramsal bir basit ematik gösterimi kullanarak kabzlk çerçevesi ve tama inkontinans mekanizmalar. Aile daha sonra, tedavi stratejisini ve uyum ihtiyacn pekitiren gastroenteroloji irtibat hemiresi ile tanr. Üç ila be günlük bir bizakodil (Dulco-Lax) döngüsü kullanarak, az yoluyla: 5 yandan küçük çocuklar için 5 mg / gün; 5 ya üstü çocuklar için 10 mg / gün. Uyarc bir laksatif olan bizakodil kullanm, bu aamada tek tedavi olarak sv parafin kullanlmas durumunda gerekecek olan büyük dozlarda sv parafin almyla ilikili sznty önlüyor ve gevemeyi hzlandryor gibi görünüyor. Bisacodyl sabah uygulanr. Ebeveynler ve hastalar bu aamada karn kramplar ve acil dk olasl konusunda uyarlr. Bisacodyl’in ilk döngüsünü takiben disimpaksiyon meydana gelmediyse, ebeveynlere döngüyü tekrarlamalar önerilir. Gece yaklak 1 ml / kg dozunda e zamanl olarak sv parafine balanr.Ebeveynler ve gastroenteroloji irtibat hemiresi arasnda telefon temas, tedavinin ilk haftasnda kurulur. Sv parafin, çocuk geçmesi kolay yumuak dkya sahip olana kadar her üç ila be günde bir 10 ml’lik artlarla artrlr.Çou çocuk sv parafine tattan holanmadndan ikayet etmese de, yourt veya dondurma ile kartrlmas lezzeti artrabilir. . Bununla birlikte, sv parafinin yourt veya dier yiyeceklerle kartrlarak bitirilememesi, yetersiz bir tepkinin yaygn bir nedenidir. Bu nedenle, sv parafin yourt veya yal dondurma ile kartrlyorsa, gerekli dozun yeterli miktarda alnmasn salamak için fazladan 10 ml eklenmelidir. Ek olarak, soukken daha az viskoz olduu için sv parafinin buzdolabnda saklanmas önerilir. Ya sznts (genellikle turuncu renklidir), fazla sv parafinin yutulduunu gösterebilir. Bununla birlikte, daha yaygn olarak ya sznts, tutulan etkilenmi dk varln gösterir. Bu nedenle, ar tedavi olduu varsaylan sv parafin dozunu azaltmay düünmeden önce ebeveynlere her zaman gastroenteroloji hemiresi ile iletiime geçmeleri tavsiye edilir. Aileye, tedavinin alt ay veya daha uzun süre devam etmesini beklemesi talimat verilir. Pratikte çou kii dozu bu süreden önce kesebilir ancak bu karar genellikle gastroenteroloji ekibi ile birlikte verilir. Erken tedavi baarszlnn en yaygn nedeni, ilacn uyumsuzluu veya uygun olmayan ekilde kesilmesidir.Ebeveynlere sv parafini zorla beslememeleri tavsiye edilir ve altta yatan nörolojik sorunlar olan veya yutma bozukluu olan çocuklar için asla reçete edilmez. Ek olarak, teorik aspirasyon olasl nedeniyle, 12 aylktan küçük çocuklarn çou, sv parafin yerine laktuloz ile tedavi edilir.Sv parafin, çocukluk ça kabzl için etkili bir tedavi yöntemi olarak yerleik bir geçmie sahiptir. Bu ilaç titrasyon kolayln tolere edilebilirlik ve uzun süreli kullanma ramen kalc etki ile birletirerek, çocukluk ça kabzlk / enkoprezide kullanm cazip hale getirir.Sv parafinin sistemik absorpsiyon olasl göz ard edilemese de otopsi çalmalarnda sv parafinin lipid foliküllerine katks belirsizdir. Sv parafinin sistemik absorpsiyon potansiyeli ile ilgili daha ileri çalmalar garanti edilmektedir. Aspirasyon riski olan hastalara sv parafin verilmesi tavsiye edilmemektedir ve u anda bu ilac 12 aylktan küçük çocuklara uygulamamak muhtemelen akllca olacaktr. Sv parafin uygulananlarda yada çözünen vitamin eksikliinin gelimesine ilikin endieler aslszdr. ve bu tedavinin kanserojenliini destekleyecek hiçbir kant yoktur.