MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE (MAGNEZYUM KLORR HEKZAHDRAT)

MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE (MAGNEZYUM KLORÜR HEKZAHDRAT)

CAS No. : 7791-18-6

EC No. : 232-094-6

Synonyms:

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate; magnezyum klorür hegzahidrat; magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat; 7791-18-6; Magnesium dichloride hexahydrate; CCRIS 3494; Chlorure de magnesium hydrate; UNII-02F3473H9O; CHEBI:86345; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, HEXAHYDRATE; 02F3473H9O; Chlorure de magnesium hydrate [French]; Magnesium chloride hydrate (MgCl2.6H2O); Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) hydrate (1:6); ACMC-20aklm; magnezyum klorit hekzahidrat; MgCl2.6H2O; Magnesium chloride [USP]; Magnesium Chloride [USAN]; KSC492I7L; INS NO.511; CHEMBL3185229; DTXSID0020789; CTK3J2475; INS-511; magnesium(II)-chloride hexahydrate; magnesium dichloride–water (1/6); AKOS015855540; LS-7477; NCGC00248737-01; SC-26076; E-511; FT-0628076; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate A.C.S.reagent; KS-00001900; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate 46.5% min MgCl2; Q19364448; MAGNESII CHLORIDUM; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE 6H2O; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, 6-HYDRATE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HYDRATE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, HYDROUS; chloruredemagnesiumhydrate; cmh; Magnesiumchloride,mecidinal; magnesiumdichloridehexahydrate; magnesium chloride 25 mm solution*pcr; Magnesium Chloride BP; magnesium chloride sterile filtered*solution; Magnesium Chloride, 6H2O, MB Grade (1.05835); MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE FLAKES PURITY MORE THA; MEGNESIUM CHLORID; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE-6-HYDRATE R. G., REAG . ACS, REAG. ISO; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE ACS &; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, 4X10 G; AKOS015902790; Magnesium chloride (MgCl2), hexahydrate; NCGC00257800-01; CAS-7791-18-6; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, AR, >=99%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, LR, >=98%; D04834; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BioXtra, >=99.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BP, Ph. Eur. grade; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Molecular biology grade; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 99.995% trace metals basis; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, ACS reagent, 99.0-102.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BioUltra, >=99.0% (KT); Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, p.a. plus, 98.0-101.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, JIS special grade, >=98.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, meets USP testing specifications; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98% Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Reag. Ph. Eur., USP, 99.0-101.0%, FCC Magnesium chloride, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.0% (KT) Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, FCC, E511, 99-101%, <=0.0001% Al MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE 7786-30-3 Magnesium chloride anhydrous MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, ANHYDROUS MgCl2 MFCD00011106 CHEBI:6636 Magnesium chloride, pure Cl2Mg Chloromagnesite Magnesiumchlorid Magnesium chloride, 99.9%, (trace metal basis), pure, anhydrous magnesium(II)chloride Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solid; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solution; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate; magnezyum klorür hegzahidrat; magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat; 7791-18-6; Magnesium dichloride hexahydrate; CCRIS 3494; Chlorure de magnesium hydrate; UNII-02F3473H9O; CHEBI:86345; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, HEXAHYDRATE; 02F3473H9O; Chlorure de magnesium hydrate [French]; Magnesium chloride hydrate (MgCl2.6H2O); Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) hydrate (1:6); ACMC-20aklm; magnezyum klorit hekzahidrat; MgCl2.6H2O; Magnesium chloride [USP]; Magnesium Chloride [USAN]; KSC492I7L; INS NO.511; CHEMBL3185229; DTXSID0020789; CTK3J2475; INS-511; magnesium(II)-chloride hexahydrate; magnesium dichloride–water (1/6); AKOS015855540; LS-7477; NCGC00248737-01; SC-26076; E-511; FT-0628076; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate A.C.S.reagent; KS-00001900; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate 46.5% min MgCl2; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate; magnezyum klorür hegzahidrat; magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat; 7791-18-6; Magnesium dichloride hexahydrate; CCRIS 3494; Chlorure de magnesium hydrate; UNII-02F3473H9O; CHEBI:86345; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, HEXAHYDRATE; 02F3473H9O; Chlorure de magnesium hydrate [French]; Magnesium chloride hydrate (MgCl2.6H2O); Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) hydrate (1:6); ACMC-20aklm; magnezyum klorit hekzahidrat; MgCl2.6H2O; Magnesium chloride [USP]; Magnesium Chloride [USAN]; KSC492I7L; INS NO.511; CHEMBL3185229; DTXSID0020789; CTK3J2475; INS-511; magnesium(II)-chloride hexahydrate; magnesium dichloride–water (1/6); AKOS015855540; LS-7477; NCGC00248737-01; SC-26076; E-511; FT-0628076; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate A.C.S.reagent; KS-00001900; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate 46.5% min MgCl2; Q19364448; MAGNESII CHLORIDUM; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE 6H2O; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, 6-HYDRATE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HYDRATE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, HYDROUS; chloruredemagnesiumhydrate; cmh; Magnesiumchloride,mecidinal; magnesiumdichloridehexahydrate; magnesium chloride 25 mm solution*pcr; Magnesium Chloride BP; magnesium chloride sterile filtered*solution; Magnesium Chloride, 6H2O, MB Grade (1.05835); MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE FLAKES PURITY MORE THA; MEGNESIUM CHLORID; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE-6-HYDRATE R. G., REAG . ACS, REAG. ISO; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE ACS &; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, 4X10 G; AKOS015902790; Magnesium chloride (MgCl2), hexahydrate; NCGC00257800-01; CAS-7791-18-6; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, AR, >=99%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, LR, >=98%; D04834; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BioXtra, >=99.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BP, Ph. Eur. grade; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Molecular biology grade; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 99.995% trace metals basis; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, ACS reagent, 99.0-102.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BioUltra, >=99.0% (KT); Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, p.a. plus, 98.0-101.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, JIS special grade, >=98.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, meets USP testing specifications; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98% Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Reag. Ph. Eur., USP, 99.0-101.0%, FCC Magnesium chloride, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.0% (KT) Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, FCC, E511, 99-101%, <=0.0001% Al MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE 7786-30-3 Magnesium chloride anhydrous MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, ANHYDROUS MgCl2 MFCD00011106 CHEBI:6636 Magnesium chloride, pure Cl2Mg Chloromagnesite Magnesiumchlorid Magnesium chloride, 99.9%, (trace metal basis), pure, anhydrous magnesium(II)chloride Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solid; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solution; Q19364448; MAGNESII CHLORIDUM; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE 6H2O; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, 6-HYDRATE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HYDRATE; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, HYDROUS; chloruredemagnesiumhydrate; cmh; Magnesiumchloride,mecidinal; magnesiumdichloridehexahydrate; magnesium chloride 25 mm solution*pcr; Magnesium Chloride BP; magnesium chloride sterile filtered*solution; Magnesium Chloride, 6H2O, MB Grade (1.05835); MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE FLAKES PURITY MORE THA; MEGNESIUM CHLORID; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE-6-HYDRATE R. G., REAG . ACS, REAG. ISO; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE ACS &; MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, 4X10 G; AKOS015902790; Magnesium chloride (MgCl2), hexahydrate; NCGC00257800-01; CAS-7791-18-6; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, AR, >=99%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, LR, >=98%; D04834; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BioXtra, >=99.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BP, Ph. Eur. grade; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Molecular biology grade; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, 99.995% trace metals basis; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, ACS reagent, 99.0-102.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BioUltra, >=99.0% (KT); Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, p.a. plus, 98.0-101.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, tested according to Ph.Eur.; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, JIS special grade, >=98.0%; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, meets USP testing specifications; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98% Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, Reag. Ph. Eur., USP, 99.0-101.0%, FCC Magnesium chloride, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.0% (KT) Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, FCC, E511, 99-101%, <=0.0001% Al MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE 7786-30-3 Magnesium chloride anhydrous MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE, ANHYDROUS MgCl2 MFCD00011106 CHEBI:6636 Magnesium chloride, pure Cl2Mg Chloromagnesite Magnesiumchlorid Magnesium chloride, 99.9%, (trace metal basis), pure, anhydrous magnesium(II)chloride Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solid; Magnesium chloride and Chlorate mixture, solution

MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is the name for the chemical compound with the formula MgCl2 and its various hydrates MgCl2(H2O)x. Anhydrous MgCl2 contains 25.5% elemental magnesium by mass. These salts are typical ionic halides, being highly soluble in water. The hydrated Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) can be extracted from brine or sea water. In North America, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is produced primarily from Great Salt Lake brine. It is extracted in a similar process from the Dead Sea in the Jordan Valley. Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE), as the natural mineral bischofite, is also extracted (by solution mining) out of ancient seabeds, for example, the Zechstein seabed in northwest Europe. Some Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is made from solar evaporation of seawater. Anhydrous Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is the principal precursor to magnesium metal, which is produced on a large scale. Hydrated Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is the form most readily available.

Structure, preparation, and general properties

MgCl2 crystallizes in the cadmium chloride motif, which features octahedral Mg centers. Several hydrates are known with the formula MgCl2(H2O)x, and each loses water at higher temperatures: x = 12 (-16.4 °C), 8 (-3.4 °C), 6 (116.7 °C), 4 (181 °C), 2 (about 300 °C).[1] In the hexahydrate, the Mg2+ is also octahedral, but is coordinated to six water ligands.[2] The thermal dehydration of the hydrates MgCl2(H2O)x (x = 6, 12) does not occur straightforwardly.[3] Anhydrous MgCl2 is produced industrially by heating the chloride salt of hexammine complex [Mg(NH3)6]2+.[4]

As suggested by the existence of some hydrates, anhydrous MgCl2 is a Lewis acid, although a weak one.

In the Dow process, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is regenerated from magnesium hydroxide using hydrochloric acid:

Mg(OH)2(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

It can also be prepared from magnesium carbonate by a similar reaction.

Derivatives with tetrahedral Mg2+ are less common. Examples include salts of (N(C2H5)4)2MgCl4 and adducts such as MgCl2(TMEDA).[5]

Applications

Precursor to Mg metal

MgCl2 is the main precursor to metallic magnesium. The conversion is effected by electrolysis:[4][6]

MgCl2 → Mg + Cl2

This process is practiced on a substantial scale.

Dust and erosion control

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is one of many substances used for dust control, soil stabilization, and wind erosion mitigation.[7] When Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is applied to roads and bare soil areas, both positive and negative performance issues occur which are related to many application factors.[8]

Catalyst support

Ziegler-Natta catalysts, used commercially to produce polyolefins, contain MgCl2 as a catalyst support.[9] The introduction of MgCl2 supports increases the activity of traditional catalysts and allowed the development of highly stereospecific catalysts for the production of polypropylene.[10]

Ice control

Picture of truck applying liquid de-icer (Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE)) to city streets

Picture of solid form of rock salt used for ice removal on streets

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is used for low-temperature de-icing of highways, sidewalks, and parking lots. When highways are treacherous due to icy conditions, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) helps to prevent the ice bond, allowing snow plows to clear the roads more efficiently.

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is used in three ways for pavement ice control: Anti-icing, when maintenance professionals spread it onto roads before a snow storm to prevent snow from sticking and ice from forming; prewetting, which means a liquid formulation of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is sprayed directly onto salt as it is being spread onto roadway pavement, wetting the salt so that it sticks to the road; and pretreating, when Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) and salt are mixed together before they are loaded onto trucks and spread onto paved roads. Calcium chloride damages concrete twice as fast as Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE).[11] It should be noticed that the amount of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is supposed to be controlled when it is used for de-icing as it may cause pollution to the environment.[12]

Nutrition and medicine

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is used in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical preparations.

Cuisine

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) (E511[13]) is an important coagulant used in the preparation of tofu from soy milk. In Japan it is sold as nigari (にがり, derived from the Japanese word for “bitter”), a white powder produced from seawater after the sodium chloride has been removed, and the water evaporated. In China, it is called lushui (卤水). Nigari or lushui consists mostly of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE), with some magnesium sulphate and other trace elements. It is also an ingredient in baby formula milk.[14]

Gardening and horticulture

Because magnesium is a mobile nutrient, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) can be effectively used as a substitute for magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) to help correct magnesium deficiency in plants via foliar feeding. The recommended dose of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is smaller than the recommended dose of magnesium sulfate (20 g/l).[15] This is due primarily to the chlorine present in Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE), which can easily reach toxic levels if over-applied or applied too often.[16]

It has been found that higher concentrations of magnesium in tomato and some pepper plants can make them more susceptible to disease caused by infection of the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris, since magnesium is essential for bacterial growth.[17]

Occurrence

Mass fractions of various salt ions in seawater

Chemical composition of sea salt

Magnesium values in natural seawater are between 1250 and 1350 mg/l, around 3.7% of the total seawater mineral content. Dead Sea minerals contain a significantly higher Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) ratio, 50.8%. Carbonates and calcium are essential for all growth of corals, coralline algae, clams, and invertebrates. Magnesium can be depleted by mangrove plants and the use of excessive limewater or by going beyond natural calcium, alkalinity, and pH values.[18]

Toxicology

Magnesium ions are bitter-tasting, and Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) solutions are bitter in varying degrees, depending on the concentration of magnesium.

Magnesium toxicity from magnesium salts is rare in healthy individuals with a normal diet, because excess magnesium is readily excreted in urine by the kidneys. A few cases of oral magnesium toxicity have been described in persons with normal renal function ingesting large amounts of magnesium salts, but it is rare. If a large amount of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is eaten, it will have effects similar to magnesium sulfate, causing diarrhea, although the sulfate also contributes to the laxative effect in magnesium sulfate, so the effect from the chloride is not as severe.

Plant toxicity

Chloride (Cl-) and magnesium (Mg2+) are both essential nutrients important for normal plant growth. Too much of either nutrient may harm a plant, although foliar chloride concentrations are more strongly related with foliar damage than magnesium. High concentrations of MgCl2 ions in the soil may be toxic or change water relationships such that the plant cannot easily accumulate water and nutrients. Once inside the plant, chloride moves through the water-conducting system and accumulates at the margins of leaves or needles, where dieback occurs first. Leaves are weakened or killed, which can lead to the death of the tree.[19]

Locomotive boiler problem

The presence of dissolved Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) in the well water (bore water) used in locomotive boilers on the Trans-Australian Railway caused serious and expensive maintenance problems during the steam era. At no point along its route does the line cross a permanent freshwater watercourse, so bore water had to be relied on. No inexpensive treatment for the highly mineralised water was available, and locomotive boilers were lasting less than a quarter of the time normally expected.[20] In the days of steam locomotion, about half the total train load was water for the engine. The line’s operator, Commonwealth Railways, was an early adopter of the diesel-electric locomotive.

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is an excellent water soluble crystalline Magnesium source for uses compatible with chlorides. Hydrate or anhydrous forms may be purchased. Chloride compounds can conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in water. Chloride materials can be decomposed by electrolysis to chlorine gas and the metal. They are formed through various chlorination processes whereby at least one chlorine anion (Cl-) is covalently bonded to the relevant metal or cation. Ultra high purity and proprietary formulations can be prepared. The chloride ion controls fluid equilibrium and pH levels in metabolic systems. They can form either inorganic or organic compounds. Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity, high purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. We also produce Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) Solution.

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is widely used as a source of magnesium ion in chemistry and molecular biology applications. In biological systems, magnesium is a co-factor for many enzymes including deoxyribonuclease (DNase) and various restriction enzymes. Also plays a role in cell membrane integrity, muscle cell physiology, cardiovascular and muscular activity, and nucleic acid structure. Magnesium chloride solution is a favorable choice as an elution buffer for antibody affinity column purifications; it is much milder on most antigens than acid elution, allowing reuse of the antigen column. Also an essential cofactor for the DNA polymerase in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification.

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is used in several medical and topical (skin related) applications. Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) usp, anhydrous uses as electrolyte replenisher, pharmaceutic necessity for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis fluids. Parenteral Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) and magnesium sulfate are used in conditions that require an increase in magnesium ions for electrolyte adjustment.

Ten patients with angiographically documented /coronary artery disease received an IV injection of 5 ml of a soln containing 17% Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE)/. After Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) injection, the /left ventricular end-diastolic pressure/ was significantly reduced in all patients, from a mean of 24 +/- 3 to 16 +/- 3 mmHg (P<0.001). Under the short term conditions of the study, the injection of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) effectively improved left ventricular diastolic function.

The effect of magnesium, given orally as enteric-coated Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) tablets, on the ECG of 25 randomly selected patients was investigated.

Cardioprotective role of intravenous administration of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) was evaluated in rabbits by biochemical and histopathological parameters. Myocardial damage was induced by injecting (iv) isoprenaline 1, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight of animal. …Verapamil (5 uM) injected prior to 2.5 mg isoprenaline administration revealed significant reduction of CK /(the cardiac enzyme creatinine kinase)/ (C Max) activity (P<0.05) compared to animals infused with isoprenaline alone. T-max value did not show any alteration in both the groups. Histopathological findings showed no areas of necrosis and cellular infiltrates in animals primed with 2.5 mg isoprenaline following verapamil. Highly significant reduction in CK (C-max) activity was observed in animals administered with 40 mg Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) prior to isoprenaline compared to animals treated with isoprenaline alone (P<0.001). In addition to this, significant delay in T-max of CK activity was observed in group treated with 40 mg Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) and isoprenaline compared to group treated with only isoprenaline (P<0.01). The study clearly highlighted and confirmed the valuable role of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) as a cardioprotective agent.

Mechanism of action of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) studied in 10 adult volunteers. Results suggested magnesium ion in duodenum is relatively weak stimulus to pancreas and gall bladder. It is weak stimulant to cholecystokinin release and inhibits net jejunal water absorption. The oral administration of a single 800 mg dose of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) in healthy volunteers resulted in a diminished rate of intraluminal lipid and protein digestion. The most pronounced effect of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE), however, was a decreased gastric emptying rate of both test meals. After correction for gastric emptying, no differences were noted in intraluminal lipid or protein digestion. Therefore, the lower lipid levels noted after magnesium supplementation are unlikely to be the result of altered lipid assimilation. Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) slows gastric emptying but does not influence lipid digestion.

The oral administration of a single /800 mg/ dose of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) /in healthy volunteers/ resulted in a diminished rate of intraluminal lipid and protein digestion. The most pronounced effect of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE), however, was a decreased gastric emptying rate of both test meals. After correction for gastric emptying, no differences were noted in intraluminal lipid or protein digestion. Therefore, the lower lipid levels noted after magnesium supplementation are unlikely to be the result of altered lipid assimilation. Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) slows gastric emptying but does not influence lipid digestion.

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is a component of fire extinguishers, ceramics, textile and paper manufacture.

Molten Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) can be formed by the direct carbochlorination of magnesium oxide obtained from the calcination of magnesium carbonate ores or magnesium hydroxide.

Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) can be produced in large quantities from (1) carnallite or the end brines of the potash industry; (2) magnesium hydroxide precipitated from seawater; (3) by chlorination of magnesium oxide from various sources in the presence of carbon or carbonaceous materials; and (4) as a by-product in the manufacture of titanium.

Residues of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a safener in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

A large steel evaporator used for Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) soln was shut down for maintenance. During maintenance operations a fatality occurred from atmospheric oxygen deficiency inside the evaporator. It was found later that the oxygen content in the evaporator fell from the nomral 21% to about 1% in under 24 hr, & this was confirmed in lab tests. This was attributed to very rapid rusting of the steel under warm humid conditions in the presence of traces of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE). Further work shows that … presence of scale is a contributory factor. Magnetite scale (Fe3O4) on mild steel increases the depletion rate by a factor of 10, while the rust formed during the corrosion has little effect.

Fire or Explosion: These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. /Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) and Chlorate mixture; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) and Chlorate mixture, solid; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) and Chlorate mixture, solution/

Health: Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) and Chlorate mixture; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) and Chlorate mixture, solid; Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) and Chlorate mixture, solution/Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) is found on List D. Case No: 4051; Pesticide type: insecticide (molluscicide), fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 09/93; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE); AI Status: RED Completed – OPP has completed a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document for the case/AI.

The effects of intracerebroventricular administration of calcium or magnesium on the blood pressure regulation in the brain were investigated. The systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (male, 13-wk-old) was decreased by calcium chloride (100 ug/rat) and increased by Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) (20, 100, or 500 ug/rat). The depressor response induced by calcium was inhibited by Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) in a dose-dependent manner. Combining these results with those previously reported, it is suggested that magnesium inhibits the ability of calcium to reduce blood pressure through calmodulin- and dopamine-dependent functions in the brain.

The effect of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) on the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) and the threshold for the ventricular premature contraction (VPCT) was studied in 20 dogs. Seven of the dogs were pre-treated with digitalis and four were in the form of heart-lung preparations. In the anesthetized, intact dogs, the VPCT was 0.19 +/- 0.01 mV. After treatment with Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) (100 mg/kg iv), the VPCT increased by 53% (P<0.01). In the same group of animals, the VFT averaged 0.50 +/- 0.06 mV., which more than doubled after administration of magnesium.

The minimum concn of K and Mg in cardioplegic solution to get cardiac arrest was studied. The isolated rat hearts were perfused by Langendorf perfusion with modified Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution, and their heart rates were measured. The perfusion of infusate of 15 mM/l of K-aspartate stopped the heart beat completely; it took 25 mM/l of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) to get cardiac arrest. By their combination, however, heart was arrested with infusate of 10 mM/l of K-aspartate and 15 mM/l of Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE), which were lower concn than K-aspartate or Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE) alone.

The production and use of magnesium compounds as refractories, as chemical intermediates, and in construction materials(1,2) result in their release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). The production and use of magnesium compounds in environmental applications and in agriculture(1,2) results in their direct release to the environment(SRC). About 69% of the magnesium compounds used in the United States were used for refractories (e.g., olivine)(1). The remaining 31% of magnesium compounds were used in agriculture as fertilizer or animal feed (e.g, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate), as chemical intermediates (e.g., Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE), magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide) , construction materials (e.g., magnesium oxide), environmental (e.g., magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide), and industrial applications (e.g., magnesium oxide)(1,2). Other uses include road dust and ice control (e.g., Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE)), pulp and paper applications (e.g.,magnesium sulfate), pharmaceuticals (e.g., magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide), and cosmetics (e.g., magnesium carbonate)(1,2).

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE)

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), MgCl2 formülüne ve çeitli hidratlar MgCl2 (H2O) x’e sahip kimyasal bileiin addr. Susuz MgCl2 kütlece% 25,5 elementel magnezyum içerir. Bu tuzlar, suda oldukça çözünür olan tipik iyonik halidlerdir. Hidratl Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) tuzlu sudan veya deniz suyundan ekstrakte edilebilir. Kuzey Amerika’da, Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), öncelikle Büyük Tuz Gölü tuzlu suyundan üretilir. Ürdün Vadisi’ndeki Ölü Deniz’den benzer bir ilemle çkarlr. Doal mineral bischofite olan Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), ayn zamanda kuzeybat Avrupa’daki Zechstein deniz yata gibi eski deniz yataklarndan da çkarlr (çözelti madencilii ile). Baz Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), deniz suyunun güne buharlamasndan oluur. Susuz Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), büyük ölçekte üretilen magnezyum metalinin temel öncüsüdür. Hidratl Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), en kolay bulunabilen formdur.

Yap, hazrlk ve genel özellikler

MgCl2, oktahedral Mg merkezlerini içeren kadmiyum klorür motifinde kristalleir. MgCl2 (H2O) x formülüyle birkaç hidrat bilinmektedir ve her biri daha yüksek scaklklarda su kaybeder: x = 12 (-16,4 ° C), 8 (-3,4 ° C), 6 (116,7 ° C), 4 (181 ° C), 2 (yaklak 300 ° C). [1] Hekzahidratta, Mg2 + da oktahedraldir, ancak alt su ligandna koordine edilmitir. [2] MgCl2 (H2O) x (x = 6, 12) hidratlarnn termal dehidrasyonu dorudan gerçeklemez. [3] Susuz MgCl2, heksammin kompleksinin [Mg (NH3) 6] 2 + [4] klorür tuzunun stlmasyla endüstriyel olarak üretilir.

Baz hidratlarn varlnn önerdii gibi, susuz MgCl2 zayf olmasna ramen bir Lewis asididir.

Dow ileminde, Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), hidroklorik asit kullanlarak magnezyum hidroksitten yeniden üretilir:

Mg (OH) 2 (k) + 2 HCl (sulu) → MgCl2 (sulu) + 2 H20 (l)

Ayn zamanda benzer bir reaksiyonla magnezyum karbonattan da hazrlanabilir.

Dört yüzlü Mg2 + içeren türevler daha az yaygndr. Örnekler, (N (C2H5) 4) 2MgCl4 tuzlarn ve MgCl2 (TMEDA) gibi eklentileri içerir. [5]

Uygulamalar

Mg metalinin öncüsü

MgCl2, metalik magnezyumun ana öncüsüdür. Dönüüm elektrolizle gerçekletirilir: [4] [6]

MgCl2 → Mg + Cl2

Bu süreç, önemli bir ölçekte uygulanmaktadr.

Toz ve erozyon kontrolü

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), toz kontrolü, toprak stabilizasyonu ve rüzgar erozyonunun azaltlmas için kullanlan birçok maddeden biridir. [7] Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) yollara ve çplak toprak alanlarna uygulandnda birçok uygulama faktörüne bal olarak hem olumlu hem de olumsuz performans sorunlar ortaya çkar. [8]

Katalizör destei

Ticari olarak poliolefin üretmek için kullanlan Ziegler-Natta katalizörleri, katalizör destei olarak MgCl2 içerir. [9] MgCl2 desteklerinin eklenmesi, geleneksel katalizörlerin aktivitesini artrr ve polipropilen üretimi için oldukça stereospesifik katalizörlerin gelitirilmesine izin verdi. [10]

Buz kontrolü

ehir sokaklarna sv buz çözücü (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)) uygulayan kamyonun resmi

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), otoyollarn, kaldrmlarn ve otoparklarn düük scaklkta buzlanmasn gidermek için kullanlr. Otoyollar buzlu koullar nedeniyle tehlikeli olduunda, Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) buz ban önlemeye yardmc olarak kar küreyicilerinin yollar daha verimli bir ekilde temizlemesini salar.

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), kaplama buzu kontrolü için üç ekilde kullanlr: Buzlanmay önleme; bakm uzmanlar, karn yapmasn ve buz oluumunu önlemek için bir kar frtnasndan önce yollara yaydnda; ön slatma, yani sv bir Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) formülasyonu, yol kaplamasna yaylrken dorudan tuzun üzerine püskürtülür ve yola yapmas için tuzu slatr; ve Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ve tuz kamyonlara yüklenmeden ve asfalt yollara yaylmadan önce kartrldnda ön ilem. Kalsiyum klorür betona Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)a göre iki kat daha hzl zarar verir. [11] Unutulmamaldr ki Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), buz çözme amaçl kullanldnda çevreyi kirletebilecei için kontrol edilmelidir.

Beslenme ve tp

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), nutrasötik ve farmasötik preparatlarda kullanlr.

Yerel mutfak

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) (E511 [13]) soya sütünden tofu hazrlanmasnda kullanlan önemli bir phtlatrcdr. Japonya’da, sodyum klorür çkarldktan ve su buharlatktan sonra deniz suyundan üretilen beyaz bir toz olan nigari (Japonca “ac” kelimesinden türetilen にがり) olarak satlr. Çin’de buna lushui (卤水) denir. Nigari veya lushui, baz magnezyum sülfat ve dier eser elementlerle birlikte çounlukla Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)tan oluur. Ayn zamanda bebek mamas sütünün bir bileenidir. [14]

Bahçecilik ve bahçecilik

Magnezyum hareketli bir besin olduu için, magnezyum sülfat (Epsom tuzu) yerine yaprak besleme yoluyla bitkilerde magnezyum eksikliinin düzeltilmesine yardmc olmak için etkili bir ekilde kullanlabilir. Önerilen Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) dozu, önerilen magnezyum sülfat dozundan (20 g / l) daha küçüktür. [15] Bunun balca nedeni, Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)ta bulunan ve fazla uygulandnda veya çok sk uygulandnda kolayca toksik seviyelere ulaabilen klordur. [16]

Domates ve baz biber bitkilerinde daha yüksek magnezyum konsantrasyonlarnn onlar Xanthomonas campestris bakterisinin enfeksiyonunun neden olduu hastalklara kar daha duyarl hale getirebilecei bulunmutur çünkü magnezyum bakteri büyümesi için gereklidir. [17]

Oluum

Deniz suyundaki çeitli tuz iyonlarnn kütle fraksiyonlar

Deniz tuzunun kimyasal bileimi

Doal deniz suyundaki magnezyum deerleri, toplam deniz suyu mineral içeriinin yaklak% 3.7’si olan 1250 ile 1350 mg / l arasndadr. Ölü Deniz mineralleri, önemli ölçüde daha yüksek bir Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) oran,% 50.8 içerir. Karbonatlar ve kalsiyum mercanlarn, mercan yosunlarnn, istiridyelerin ve omurgaszlarn tüm büyümesi için gereklidir. Magnezyum, mangrov bitkileri ve ar kireçli su kullanmyla veya doal kalsiyum, alkalinite ve pH deerlerinin ötesine geçilerek tüketilebilir. [18]

Toksikoloji

Magnezyum iyonlar ac tattr ve Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) çözeltileri, magnezyum konsantrasyonuna bal olarak deien derecelerde acdr.

Magnezyum tuzlarndan kaynaklanan magnezyum toksisitesi, normal beslenen salkl bireylerde nadirdir, çünkü fazla magnezyum, böbrekler tarafndan idrarla kolayca atlr. Büyük miktarlarda magnezyum tuzu yutan normal böbrek fonksiyonuna sahip kiilerde birkaç oral magnezyum toksisitesi vakas tanmlanmtr, ancak bu nadirdir. Çok miktarda Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) yenirse, magnezyum sülfata benzer etkilere sahip olur ve ishale neden olur, ancak sülfat da magnezyum sülfatta müshil etkisine katkda bulunur, bu nedenle klorürün etkisi o kadar iddetli olmaz.

Bitki toksisitesi

Klorür (Cl-) ve magnezyum (Mg2 +), normal bitki büyümesi için önemli olan temel besin maddeleridir. Yaprak klorür konsantrasyonlar, magnezyumdan ziyade yaprak hasar ile daha güçlü bir ekilde ilikili olmasna ramen, her iki besinden de çok fazlas bir bitkiye zarar verebilir. Topraktaki yüksek MgCl2 iyonu konsantrasyonlar toksik olabilir veya bitki su ve besinleri kolayca biriktiremeyecek ekilde su ilikilerini deitirebilir. Bitkinin içine girdikten sonra, klorür su ileten sistemden geçer ve yapraklarn veya inelerin kenarlarnda birikir, burada ilk önce geri dönü meydana gelir. Yapraklar zayflar veya öldürülür, bu da aacn ölümüne yol açabilir. [19]

Lokomotif kazan sorunu

Trans-Avustralya Demiryolu üzerinde lokomotif kazanlarda kullanlan kuyu suyunda (sondaj suyu) çözünmü Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)n varl, buhar döneminde ciddi ve pahal bakm sorunlarna neden olmutur. Hat, güzergah boyunca hiçbir noktada kalc bir tatl su yolundan geçmediinden, sondaj suyuna güvenilmesi gerekiyordu. Oldukça mineralli su için hiçbir ucuz artma mevcut deildi ve lokomotif kazanlar normalde beklenen sürenin dörtte birinden daha az dayanyordu. [20] Buharl hareket günlerinde, toplam tren yükünün yaklak yars motor için su idi. Hattn operatörü Commonwealth Railways, dizel-elektrikli lokomotifin ilk uygulayclarndan biriydi.

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), klorürlerle uyumlu kullanmlar için mükemmel bir suda çözünür kristalli Magnezyum kaynadr. Hidrat veya susuz formlar satn alnabilir. Klorür bileikleri, suda kaynatnda veya çözündüünde elektrik iletebilir. Klorid malzemeleri elektroliz yoluyla klor gazna ve metale ayrtrlabilir. En az bir klor anyonunun (Cl-) ilgili metale veya katyona kovalent olarak baland çeitli klorlama ilemleriyle oluturulurlar. Ultra yüksek saflkta ve tescilli formülasyonlar hazrlanabilir. Klorür iyonu, metabolik sistemlerde sv dengesini ve pH seviyelerini kontrol eder. norganik veya organik bileikler oluturabilirler. Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) genellikle çou ciltte hemen bulunur. Ultra yüksek saflk, yüksek saflk, mikron alt ve nano toz formlar düünülebilir. Ayrca Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) Çözeltisi üretiyoruz.

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), kimya ve moleküler biyoloji uygulamalarnda bir magnezyum iyonu kayna olarak yaygn olarak kullanlmaktadr. Biyolojik sistemlerde magnezyum, deoksiribonükleaz (DNaz) ve çeitli kstlama enzimleri dahil olmak üzere birçok enzim için bir ortak faktördür. Ayrca hücre zar bütünlüü, kas hücre fizyolojisi, kardiyovasküler ve kas aktivitesi ve nükleik asit yapsnda rol oynar. Magnezyum klorür çözeltisi, antikor afinite kolon saflatrmalar için bir elüsyon tamponu olarak uygun bir seçimdir; çou antijende asit elüsyonundan çok daha hafiftir ve antijen kolonunun yeniden kullanmna izin verir. Ayrca, polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) amplifikasyonunda DNA polimeraz için önemli bir kofaktör.

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), çeitli tbbi ve topikal (cilt ile ilgili) uygulamalarda kullanlr. Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) usp, elektrolit doldurucu olarak susuz kullanmlar, hemodiyaliz ve periton diyaliz svlar için farmasötik gereklilik. Parenteral Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ve magnezyum sülfat, elektrolit ayarlamas için magnezyum iyonlarnda art gerektiren durumlarda kullanlr.

Anjiyografik olarak belgelenmi / koroner arter hastal olan on hasta,% 17 Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) / içeren 5 ml’lik bir soln IV enjeksiyonu ald. Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) enjeksiyonundan sonra, / sol ventrikül diyastol sonu basnc / tüm hastalarda ortalama 24 +/- 3’ten 16 +/- 3 mmHg’ye (P <0.001) önemli ölçüde dümütür. Çalmann ksa vadeli koullar altnda, Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) enjeksiyonu, sol ventrikül diyastolik fonksiyonunu etkili bir ekilde iyiletirdi.

Enterik kapl Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) tablet olarak azdan verilen magnezyumun rastgele seçilen 25 hastann EKG’sine etkisi aratrld.

ntravenöz Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) uygulamasnn kardiyoprotektif rolü, tavanlarda biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik parametrelerle deerlendirildi. Miyokardiyal hasar, (iv) izoprenalin 1, 2.5, 5 ve 7.5 mg / kg hayvan vücut arl enjekte edilerek indüklendi. … 2.5 mg izoprenalin uygulamasndan önce enjekte edilen Verapamil (5 uM), tek bana izoprenalin ile alanm hayvanlara kyasla CK / (kardiyak enzim kreatinin kinaz) / (Cmax) aktivitesinde (P <0.05) önemli bir azalma gösterdi. T-max deeri her iki grupta da herhangi bir deiiklik göstermedi. Histopatolojik bulgular, verapamili takiben 2.5 mg izoprenalin ile hazrlanan hayvanlarda nekroz ve hücresel sznt alanlar göstermedi. zoprenalin öncesinde 40 mg Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ile uygulanan hayvanlarda, tek bana izoprenalin ile tedavi edilen hayvanlara kyasla CK (C-max) aktivitesinde oldukça önemli azalma gözlendi (P <0.001). Buna ek olarak, 40 mg Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ve izoprenalin ile tedavi edilen grupta, sadece izoprenalin ile tedavi edilen gruba kyasla (P <0.01) CK aktivitesinin T-max’nda önemli gecikme gözlendi. Çalma, Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)n kardiyoprotektif bir ajan olarak deerli rolünü açkça vurgulad ve dorulad.

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)n etki mekanizmas 10 yetikin gönüllüde incelenmitir. Sonuçlar, duodenumdaki magnezyum iyonunun pankreas ve safra kesesi için nispeten zayf uyarc olduunu ileri sürdü. Kolesistokinin salnm için zayf uyarcdr ve net jejunal su emilimini inhibe eder. Salkl gönüllülerde 800 mg tek doz Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)n azdan uygulanmas, lümen içi lipid ve protein sindiriminde azalma ile sonuçlanmtr. Bununla birlikte, Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)n en belirgin etkisi, her iki test öününde de azalm mide boaltma oranyd. Mide boalmas için düzeltme yapldktan sonra, lümen içi lipid veya protein sindiriminde hiçbir farkllk kaydedilmedi. Bu nedenle, magnezyum takviyesinden sonra not edilen daha düük lipit seviyelerinin, deien lipit asimilasyonunun bir sonucu olmas olas deildir. Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), mide boalmasn yavalatr ancak lipit sindirimini etkilemez.

Salkl gönüllülerde tek / 800 mg / doz Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)n oral uygulamas lümen içi lipid ve protein sindiriminde azalma ile sonuçlanmtr. Bununla birlikte, Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)n en belirgin etkisi, her iki test öününde de azalm mide boaltma oranyd. Mide boalmas için düzeltme yapldktan sonra, lümen içi lipid veya protein sindiriminde hiçbir farkllk kaydedilmedi. Bu nedenle, magnezyum takviyesinden sonra not edilen daha düük lipit seviyelerinin, deien lipit asimilasyonunun bir sonucu olmas olas deildir. Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), mide boalmasn yavalatr ancak lipit sindirimini etkilemez.

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), yangn söndürücülerin, seramiklerin, tekstil ve kat üretiminin bir bileenidir.

Erimi Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), magnezyum karbonat cevherlerinin veya magnezyum hidroksitin kalsinasyonundan elde edilen magnezyum oksidin dorudan karboklorinasyonu ile oluturulabilir.

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), (1) karnalitten veya potas endüstrisinin son tuzlu sularndan büyük miktarlarda üretilebilir; (2) deniz suyundan çökelen magnezyum hidroksit; (3) karbon veya karbonlu malzemelerin varlnda çeitli kaynaklardan magnezyum oksidin klorlanmas yoluyla; ve (4) titanyum üretiminde bir yan ürün olarak.

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) kalntlar, hasattan sonra büyüyen ekinlere veya ham tarmsal ürünlere uygulanan pestisit formülasyonlarnda inert (veya bazen aktif) bileenler olarak iyi tarm uygulamalarna uygun olarak bir koruyucu olarak kullanldnda tolerans gerekliliinden muaftr.

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) soln için kullanlan büyük bir çelik buharlatrc bakm için kapatld. Bakm ilemleri srasnda, evaporatör içindeki atmosferik oksijen yetersizliinden bir ölüm meydana geldi. Daha sonra buharlatrcdaki oksijen içeriinin nomral% 21’den 24 saatin altnda yaklak% 1’e dütüü bulundu ve bu, laboratuvar testlerinde onayland. Bu, Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) izlerinin varlnda scak nemli koullar altnda çeliin çok hzl paslanmasna atfedildi. Daha fazla çalma gösteriyor ki … ölçein varl katkda bulunan bir faktördür. Yumuak çelik üzerindeki manyetit ölçei (Fe3O4) tükenme orann 10 kat artrrken, korozyon srasnda oluan pasn etkisi çok azdr.

Yangn veya Patlama: Bu maddeler, bir yangna kartklarnda yanmay hzlandracaktr. Bazlar stldnda veya bir yangna kartnda patlayarak ayrabilir. Is veya kirlilikten patlayabilir. Bazlar patlayc olarak hidrokarbonlarla (yaktlar) reaksiyona girecek. Yanc maddeleri (tahta, kat, ya, giysi vb.) Tututurabilir. Kaplar stldnda patlayabilir. Yüzey ak yangn veya patlama tehlikesi yaratabilir. / Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ve Klorat karm; Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ve Klorat karm, kat; Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ve Klorat karm, çözelti /

Salk: Solunmas, yutulmas veya buhar veya madde ile temas (cilt, gözler) ciddi yaralanmalara, yanklara veya ölüme neden olabilir. Yangn tahri edici, andrc ve / veya toksik gazlar üretebilir. Yangn kontrolünden veya seyreltme suyundan akmas kirlilie neden olabilir. / Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ve Klorat karm; Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ve Klorat karm, kat; Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ve Klorat karm, çözelti / Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) Liste D’de bulunmaktadr. Vaka No: 4051; Pestisit türü: böcek ilac (yumuakça öldürücü), mantar ilac, herbisit, antimikrobiyal; Vaka Durumu: RED Onayland 09/93; OPP, bir Yeniden Kayt Uygunluk Karar (RED) belgesinde yanstld gibi, pestisitin baz / tüm kullanmlarnn yeniden kayt için uygun olduuna karar vermitir .; Aktif madde (AI): Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate); AI Durumu: RED Tamamland – OPP, vaka / AI için Yeniden Kayt Uygunluk Karar (RED) belgesini tamamlad.

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) kalntlar, hasattan sonra büyüyen mahsullere veya ham tarmsal ürünlere uygulanan pestisit formülasyonlarnda inert (veya ara sra aktif) bileenler olarak iyi tarm uygulamalarna uygun olarak bir koruyucu olarak kullanldnda tolerans gerekliliinden muaftr.

ntraserebroventriküler kalsiyum veya magnezyum uygulamasnn beyindeki kan basnc regülasyonuna etkileri aratrld. Spontan hipertansif sçanlarda (erkek, 13 haftalk) sistolik kan basnc, kalsiyum klorür (100 ug / sçan) ile düürüldü ve Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) (20, 100 veya 500 ug / sçan) ile artrld. Kalsiyumun neden olduu basklayc tepkisi, doza baml bir ekilde Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) tarafndan inhibe edildi. Bu sonuçlar daha önce bildirilenlerle birletirildiinde, magnezyumun, kalsiyumun beyindeki kalmodulin ve dopamine baml ilevler yoluyla kan basncn düürme yeteneini engelledii öne sürülmektedir.

Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)n ventriküler fibrilasyon eii (VFT) ve ventriküler erken kaslma (VPCT) eii üzerindeki etkisi 20 köpekte incelenmitir. Köpeklerden yedisi digitalis ile önceden tedavi edildi ve dördü kalp-akcier preparatlar eklindeydi. Anestezi uygulanm, dokunulmam köpeklerde, VPCT 0.19 +/- 0.01 mV idi. Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) (100 mg / kg iv) ile muameleden sonra, VPCT% 53 (P <0.01) artmtr. Ayn hayvan grubunda, VFT ortalama 0.50 +/- 0.06 mV idi ve bu, magnezyum uygulamasndan sonra iki katndan fazla artt.

Kalp durmas için kardiyoplejik solüsyonda minimum K ve Mg konsantrasyonu çalld. zole edilen sçan kalpleri, deitirilmi Krebs-Henseleit bikarbonat tampon çözeltisi ile Langendorf perfüzyonu ile perfüze edildi ve kalp hzlar ölçüldü. 15 mM / l K-aspartat infüzyonunun perfüzyonu kalp atn tamamen durdurdu; kalp durmas için 25 mM / l Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ald. Ancak bunlarn kombinasyonu ile kalp, tek bana K-aspartat veya Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)tan daha düük konsantrasyonda olan 10 mM / l K-aspartat ve 15 mM / l Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) infüzyonu ile durduruldu.

Magnezyum bileiklerinin refrakter olarak, kimyasal ara ürünler olarak ve yap malzemelerinde (1,2) üretimi ve kullanm, bunlarn çeitli atk akmlar (SRC) yoluyla çevreye salnmasyla sonuçlanr. Magnezyum bileiklerinin çevresel uygulamalarda ve tarmda (1,2) üretimi ve kullanm, bunlarn dorudan çevreye salnmasyla (SRC) sonuçlanr. Amerika Birleik Devletleri’nde kullanlan magnezyum bileiklerinin yaklak% 69’u refrakterler için kullanlmtr (örnein olivin) (1). Magnezyum bileiklerinin geri kalan% 31’i tarmda gübre veya hayvan yemi (örn., Magnezyum oksit, magnezyum sülfat), kimyasal ara maddeler (örn., Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), magnezyum hidroksit, magnezyum karbonat, magnezyum oksit), inaat malzemeleri (örn. , magnezyum oksit), çevresel (ör., magnezyum oksit, magnezyum hidroksit) ve endüstriyel uygulamalar (ör., magnezyum oksit) (1,2). Dier kullanmlar arasnda yol tozu ve buz kontrolü (örn., Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat (MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)), kat hamuru ve kat uygulamalar (örn., Magnezyum sülfat), farmasötikler (örn., Magnezyum sülfat, magnezyum karbonat, magnezyum oksit) ve kozmetikler (örn., Magnezyum karbonat) ( 1,2).

Oluum

Deniz suyundaki çeitli tuz iyonlarnn kütle fraksiyonlar

Deniz tuzunun kimyasal bileimi

Toksikoloji

Bitki toksisitesi

Lokomotif kazan sorunu

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat)

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est le nom du composé chimique de formule MgCl2 et de ses divers hydrates MgCl2 (H2O) x. Le MgCl2 anhydre contient 25,5% de magnésium élémentaire en masse. Ces sels sont des halogénures ioniques typiques, hautement solubles dans l’eau. Le chlorure de magnésium hydraté hexahydraté peut être extrait de la saumure ou de l’eau de mer. En Amérique du Nord, le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est produit principalement à partir de saumure de Great Salt Lake. Il est extrait dans un processus similaire de la mer Morte dans la vallée du Jourdain. Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), en tant que bischofite minéral naturel, est également extrait (par extraction par solution) des anciens fonds marins, par exemple les fonds marins de Zechstein dans le nord-ouest de l’Europe. Une partie du chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est issue de l’évaporation solaire de l’eau de mer. Le chlorure de magnésium anhydre hexahydraté est le principal précurseur du magnésium métallique, produit à grande échelle. Le chlorure de magnésium hydraté hexahydraté est la forme la plus facilement disponible.

Structure, préparation et propriétés générales

MgCl2 cristallise dans le motif du chlorure de cadmium, qui présente des centres octaédriques Mg. Plusieurs hydrates sont connus avec la formule MgCl2 (H2O) x, et chacun perd de l’eau à des températures plus élevées: x = 12 (-16,4 ° C), 8 (-3,4 ° C), 6 (116,7 ° C), 4 (181 ° C) C), 2 (environ 300 ° C). [1] Dans l’hexahydrate, le Mg2 + est également octaédrique, mais est coordonné à six ligands d’eau. [2] La déshydratation thermique des hydrates MgCl2 (H2O) x (x = 6, 12) ne se produit pas directement. [3] Le MgCl2 anhydre est produit industriellement en chauffant le sel chlorure du complexe hexammine [Mg (NH3) 6] 2 +. [4]

Comme le suggère l’existence de certains hydrates, le MgCl2 anhydre est un acide de Lewis, bien que faible.

Dans le procédé Dow, le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est régénéré à partir d’hydroxyde de magnésium à l’aide d’acide chlorhydrique:

Mg (OH) 2 (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)

Il peut également être préparé à partir de carbonate de magnésium par une réaction similaire.

Les dérivés contenant du Mg2 + tétraédrique sont moins courants. Les exemples incluent les sels de (N (C2H5) 4) 2MgCl4 et des adduits tels que MgCl2 (TMEDA). [5]

Applications

Précurseur du métal Mg

Le MgCl2 est le principal précurseur du magnésium métallique. La conversion est effectuée par électrolyse: [4] [6]

MgCl2 → Mg + Cl2

Ce procédé est pratiqué à une échelle substantielle.

Contrôle de la poussière et de l’érosion

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est l’une des nombreuses substances utilisées pour le contrôle de la poussière, la stabilisation des sols et l’atténuation de l’érosion éolienne. [7] Lorsque le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est appliqué sur les routes et les sols nus, des problèmes de performance positifs et négatifs se produisent, qui sont liés à de nombreux facteurs d’application. [8]

Prise en charge du catalyseur

Les catalyseurs Ziegler-Natta, utilisés dans le commerce pour produire des polyoléfines, contiennent du MgCl2 comme support de catalyseur. [9] L’introduction de supports MgCl2 augmente l’activité des catalyseurs traditionnels et a permis le développement de catalyseurs hautement stéréospécifiques pour la production de polypropylène. [10]

Contrôle de la glace

Photo d’un camion appliquant un dégivreur liquide (chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)) dans les rues de la ville

Photo d’une forme solide de sel gemme utilisé pour le déglaçage dans les rues

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est utilisé pour le dégivrage à basse température des autoroutes, des trottoirs et des parkings. Lorsque les autoroutes sont dangereuses en raison de conditions glaciales, le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) aide à empêcher la liaison de la glace, permettant aux chasse-neige de dégager les routes plus efficacement.

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est utilisé de trois façons pour le contrôle de la glace sur les chaussées: Antigivrage, lorsque les professionnels de l’entretien l’étalent sur les routes avant une tempête de neige pour empêcher la neige de coller et la formation de glace; le pré-mouillage, c’est-à-dire qu’une formulation liquide de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est pulvérisée directement sur le sel lors de son épandage sur le revêtement de la chaussée, mouillant le sel pour qu’il adhère à la route; et le prétraitement, lorsque le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) et le sel sont mélangés ensemble avant d’être chargés sur des camions et répartis sur des routes pavées. Le chlorure de calcium endommage le béton deux fois plus vite que le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate). [11] Il est à noter que la quantité de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est censée être contrôlée lorsqu’il est utilisé pour le dégivrage car il peut polluer l’environnement.

Nutrition et médecine

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est utilisé dans les préparations nutraceutiques et pharmaceutiques.

Cuisine

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) (E511 [13]) est un coagulant important utilisé dans la préparation du tofu à partir de lait de soja. Au Japon, il est vendu sous le nom de nigari (にがり, dérivé du mot japonais pour «amer»), une poudre blanche produite à partir d’eau de mer après que le chlorure de sodium a été éliminé et l’eau évaporée. En Chine, on l’appelle lushui (卤水). Nigari ou lushui se compose principalement de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), avec du sulfate de magnésium et d’autres oligo-éléments. C’est également un ingrédient du lait maternisé. [14]

Jardinage et horticulture

Parce que le magnésium est un nutriment mobile, le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) peut être utilisé efficacement comme substitut du sulfate de magnésium (sel d’Epsom) pour aider à corriger la carence en magnésium des plantes via l’alimentation foliaire. La dose recommandée de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est inférieure à la dose recommandée de sulfate de magnésium (20 g / l). [15] Cela est principalement dû au chlore présent dans le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), qui peut facilement atteindre des niveaux toxiques s’il est sur-appliqué ou appliqué trop souvent. [16]

Il a été constaté que des concentrations plus élevées de magnésium dans la tomate et certains plants de poivrons peuvent les rendre plus sensibles aux maladies causées par l’infection de la bactérie Xanthomonas campestris, car le magnésium est essentiel à la croissance bactérienne. [17]

Occurrence

Fractions massiques de divers ions de sel dans l’eau de mer

Composition chimique du sel marin

Les valeurs de magnésium dans l’eau de mer naturelle se situent entre 1250 et 1350 mg / l, soit environ 3,7% de la teneur totale en minéraux de l’eau de mer. Les minéraux de la mer Morte contiennent un ratio hexahydraté de chlorure de magnésium significativement plus élevé, 50,8%. Les carbonates et le calcium sont essentiels à toute croissance des coraux, des algues corallines, des palourdes et des invertébrés. Le magnésium peut être appauvri par les plantes de mangrove et l’utilisation excessive d’eau de chaux ou en allant au-delà des valeurs naturelles de calcium, d’alcalinité et de pH. [18]

Toxicologie

Les ions magnésium ont un goût amer et les solutions hexahydratées de chlorure de magnésium sont amères à des degrés divers, en fonction de la concentration de magnésium.

La toxicité du magnésium à partir des sels de magnésium est rare chez les personnes en bonne santé avec un régime alimentaire normal, car l’excès de magnésium est facilement excrété dans l’urine par les reins. Quelques cas de toxicité orale du magnésium ont été décrits chez des personnes ayant une fonction rénale normale ingérant de grandes quantités de sels de magnésium, mais c’est rare. Si une grande quantité de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est consommée, elle aura des effets similaires au sulfate de magnésium, provoquant la diarrhée, bien que le sulfate contribue également à l’effet laxatif du sulfate de magnésium, de sorte que l’effet du chlorure n’est pas aussi grave.

Toxicité végétale

Le chlorure (Cl-) et le magnésium (Mg2 +) sont tous deux des nutriments essentiels importants pour la croissance normale des plantes. Trop de l’un ou l’autre des nutriments peut nuire à une plante, bien que les concentrations de chlorure foliaire soient plus fortement liées aux dommages foliaires que le magnésium. Des concentrations élevées d’ions MgCl2 dans le sol peuvent être toxiques ou modifier les relations avec l’eau de telle sorte que la plante ne peut pas facilement accumuler de l’eau et des nutriments. Une fois à l’intérieur de l’usine, le chlorure se déplace à travers le système de conduction d’eau et s’accumule au bord des feuilles ou des aiguilles, là où le dépérissement se produit en premier. Les feuilles sont affaiblies ou tuées, ce qui peut entraîner la mort de l’arbre.

Problème de chaudière de locomotive

La présence de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) dissous dans l’eau de puits (eau de forage) utilisée dans les chaudières des locomotives du chemin de fer trans-australien a causé de graves et coûteux problèmes d’entretien à l’époque de la vapeur. À aucun moment de son tracé, la ligne ne traverse un cours d’eau douce permanent, il fallait donc compter sur l’eau de forage. Aucun traitement peu coûteux pour l’eau hautement minéralisée n’était disponible et les chaudières des locomotives duraient moins d’un quart du temps normalement prévu. [20] À l’époque de la locomotion à vapeur, environ la moitié de la charge totale du train était constituée d’eau pour le moteur. L’opérateur de la ligne, Commonwealth Railways, a été l’un des premiers à adopter la locomotive diesel-électrique.

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est une excellente source de magnésium cristallin soluble dans l’eau pour des utilisations compatibles avec les chlorures. Des formes hydratées ou anhydres peuvent être achetées. Les composés chlorés peuvent conduire l’électricité lorsqu’ils sont fondus ou dissous dans l’eau. Les matériaux chlorés peuvent être décomposés par électrolyse en chlore gazeux et en métal. Ils sont formés par divers procédés de chloration dans lesquels au moins un anion chlore (Cl-) est lié de manière covalente au métal ou cation concerné. Des formulations de très haute pureté et exclusives peuvent être préparées. L’ion chlorure contrôle l’équilibre des fluides et les niveaux de pH dans les systèmes métaboliques. Ils peuvent former des composés inorganiques ou organiques. Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est généralement disponible immédiatement dans la plupart des volumes. Des formes ultra-haute pureté, haute pureté, submicroniques et nanopoudres peuvent être envisagées. Nous produisons également une solution hexahydrate de chlorure de magnésium.

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est largement utilisé comme source d’ions magnésium dans les applications de chimie et de biologie moléculaire. Dans les systèmes biologiques, le magnésium est un cofacteur pour de nombreuses enzymes, notamment la désoxyribonucléase (DNase) et diverses enzymes de restriction. Joue également un rôle dans l’intégrité de la membrane cellulaire, la physiologie des cellules musculaires, l’activité cardiovasculaire et musculaire et la structure des acides nucléiques. La solution de chlorure de magnésium est un choix favorable comme tampon d’élution pour les purifications de colonne d’affinité d’anticorps; il est beaucoup plus doux sur la plupart des antigènes que l’élution acide, permettant la réutilisation de la colonne d’antigène. Également un cofacteur essentiel pour l’ADN polymérase dans l’amplification par réaction en chaîne par polymérase (PCR).

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est utilisé dans plusieurs applications médicales et topiques (liées à la peau). chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) usp, utilisations anhydres comme régénérateur d’électrolyte, nécessité pharmaceutique pour l’hémodialyse et les fluides de dialyse péritonéale. Le chlorure de magnésium parentéral hexahydraté et le sulfate de magnésium sont utilisés dans des conditions qui nécessitent une augmentation des ions magnésium pour l’ajustement de l’électrolyte.

Dix patients atteints d’une maladie coronarienne / angiographiquement documentée ont reçu une injection IV de 5 ml d’une solution contenant 17% de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) /. Après injection de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), la / pression ventriculaire gauche de fin diastolique / était significativement réduite chez tous les patients, d’une moyenne de 24 +/- 3 à 16 +/- 3 mmHg (p <0,001). Dans les conditions à court terme de l’étude, l’injection de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) a effectivement amélioré la fonction diastolique ventriculaire gauche.

L’effet du magnésium, administré par voie orale sous forme de comprimés entérosolubles de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), sur l’ECG de 25 patients sélectionnés au hasard a été étudié.

Le rôle cardioprotecteur de l’administration intraveineuse de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) a été évalué chez le lapin par des paramètres biochimiques et histopathologiques. Des lésions myocardiques ont été induites par l’injection (iv) d’isoprénaline 1, 2,5, 5 et 7,5 mg / kg de poids corporel de l’animal. … Le vérapamil (5 uM) injecté avant l’administration d’isoprénaline de 2,5 mg a révélé une réduction significative de l’activité CK / (l’enzyme cardiaque créatinine kinase) / (C Max) (P <0,05) par rapport aux animaux perfusés avec de l’isoprénaline seule. La valeur T-max n’a montré aucune altération dans les deux groupes. Les résultats histopathologiques n’ont montré aucune zone de nécrose et d’infiltrats cellulaires chez les animaux traités avec 2,5 mg d’isoprénaline après le vérapamil. Une réduction très significative de l’activité de la CK (C-max) a été observée chez les animaux recevant 40 mg de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) avant l’isoprénaline par rapport aux animaux traités par l’isoprénaline seule (P <0,001). En plus de cela, un retard significatif de la T-max de l’activité CK a été observé dans le groupe traité avec 40 mg de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) et isoprénaline par rapport au groupe traité uniquement avec l’isoprénaline (P <0,01). L’étude a clairement mis en évidence et confirmé le rôle précieux du chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) en tant qu’agent cardioprotecteur.

Mécanisme d’action du chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) étudié chez 10 adultes volontaires. Les résultats suggèrent que l’ion magnésium dans le duodénum est un stimulus relativement faible du pancréas et de la vésicule biliaire. Il est un faible stimulant de la libération de cholécystokinine et inhibe l’absorption d’eau jéjunale nette. L’administration orale d’une dose unique de 800 mg de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) à des volontaires sains a entraîné une diminution du taux de digestion intraluminale des lipides et des protéines. L’effet le plus prononcé du chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) était cependant une diminution du taux de vidange gastrique des deux repas test. Après correction pour la vidange gastrique, aucune différence n’a été notée dans la digestion intraluminale des lipides ou des protéines. Par conséquent, il est peu probable que les taux de lipides inférieurs observés après une supplémentation en magnésium soient le résultat d’une altération de l’assimilation des lipides. Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ralentit la vidange gastrique mais n’influence pas la digestion lipidique.

L’administration orale d’une dose unique / 800 mg / dose de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) / chez des volontaires sains / a entraîné une diminution du taux de digestion intraluminale des lipides et des protéines. L’effet le plus prononcé du chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) était cependant une diminution du taux de vidange gastrique des deux repas test. Après correction pour la vidange gastrique, aucune différence n’a été notée dans la digestion intraluminale des lipides ou des protéines. Par conséquent, il est peu probable que les taux de lipides inférieurs observés après une supplémentation en magnésium soient le résultat d’une assimilation modifiée des lipides. Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) ralentit la vidange gastrique mais n’influence pas la digestion lipidique.

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) est un composant de la fabrication d’extincteurs, de céramique, de textile et de papier.

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) fondu peut être formé par la carbochloration directe de l’oxyde de magnésium obtenu à partir de la calcination de minerais de carbonate de magnésium ou d’hydroxyde de magnésium.

Le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) peut être produit en grandes quantités à partir (1) de la carnallite ou des saumures d’extrémité de l’industrie de la potasse; (2) hydroxyde de magnésium précipité dans l’eau de mer; (3) par chloration d’oxyde de magnésium provenant de diverses sources en présence de carbone ou de matières carbonées; et (4) comme sous-produit dans la fabrication du titane.

Les résidus de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) sont exemptés de l’exigence d’une tolérance lorsqu’ils sont utilisés comme phytoprotecteur conformément aux bonnes pratiques agricoles en tant qu’ingrédients inertes (ou parfois actifs) dans les formulations de pesticides appliquées aux cultures en croissance ou aux produits agricoles bruts après la récolte.

Un grand évaporateur en acier utilisé pour la solution de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) a été arrêté pour maintenance. Au cours des opérations de maintenance, un décès est survenu en raison d’un manque d’oxygène atmosphérique à l’intérieur de l’évaporateur. Il a été découvert plus tard que la teneur en oxygène dans l’évaporateur est tombée de 21% nomral à environ 1% en moins de 24 heures, ce qui a été confirmé dans des tests en laboratoire. Ceci a été attribué à la rouille très rapide de l’acier dans des conditions chaudes et humides en présence de traces de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate). D’autres travaux montrent que … la présence d’échelle est un facteur contributif. L’échelle de magnétite (Fe3O4) sur l’acier doux augmente le taux d’épuisement d’un facteur 10, tandis que la rouille formée lors de la corrosion a peu d’effet.

Incendie ou explosion: ces substances accélèrent la combustion lorsqu’elles sont impliquées dans un incendie. Certains peuvent se décomposer de manière explosive lorsqu’ils sont chauffés ou impliqués dans un incendie. Peut exploser à cause de la chaleur ou de la contamination. Certains réagiront de manière explosive avec les hydrocarbures (carburants). Peut enflammer les combustibles (bois, papier, huile, vêtements, etc.). Les contenants peuvent exploser lorsqu’ils sont chauffés. Le ruissellement peut créer un risque d’incendie ou d’explosion. / Mélange de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) et chlorate; Mélange de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) et chlorate, solide; Mélange de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) et chlorate, solution /

Santé: L’inhalation, l’ingestion ou le contact (peau, yeux) avec des vapeurs ou une substance peut provoquer des blessures graves, des brûlures ou la mort. Le feu peut produire des gaz irritants, corrosifs et / ou toxiques. Le ruissellement de la lutte contre l’incendie ou de l’eau de dilution peut entraîner une pollution. / Mélange de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) et chlorate; Mélange de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) et chlorate, solide; Le mélange de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) et de chlorate, en solution / chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) se trouve sur la liste D. Cas no: 4051; Type de pesticide: insecticide (molluscicide), fongicide, herbicide, antimicrobien; État du dossier: RED approuvé 09/93; L’OPP a décidé que certaines / toutes les utilisations du pesticide sont admissibles à la réhomologation, comme l’indique un document de décision d’admissibilité à l’homologation (RED). Ingrédient actif (AI): chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate); Statut AI: RED Terminé – OPP a terminé un document de décision d’éligibilité de réenregistrement (RED) pour le cas / AI.

Les effets de l’administration intracérébroventriculaire de calcium ou de magnésium sur la régulation de la pression artérielle dans le cerveau ont été étudiés. La pression artérielle systolique chez les rats spontanément hypertendus (mâles, 13 semaines) a été diminuée par le chlorure de calcium (100 ug / rat) et augmentée par le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) (20, 100 ou 500 ug / rat). La réponse dépresseur induite par le calcium a été inhibée par le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) de manière dose-dépendante. En combinant ces résultats avec ceux rapportés précédemment, il est suggéré que le magnésium inhibe la capacité du calcium à réduire la tension artérielle grâce à des fonctions cérébrales dépendant de la calmoduline et de la dopamine.

L’effet du chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) sur le seuil de fibrillation ventriculaire (VFT) et le seuil de contraction ventriculaire prématurée (VPCT) a été étudié chez 20 chiens. Sept des chiens ont été prétraités par digitaline et quatre sous forme de préparations cœur-poumon. Chez les chiens intacts anesthésiés, le VPCT était de 0,19 +/- 0,01 mV. Après traitement avec du chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) (100 mg / kg iv), la VPCT a augmenté de 53% (P <0,01). Dans le même groupe d’animaux, la VFT était en moyenne de 0,50 +/- 0,06 mV., Qui a plus que doublé après l’administration de magnésium.

La concentration minimale de K et Mg dans une solution cardioplégique pour obtenir un arrêt cardiaque a été étudiée. Les cœurs de rat isolés ont été perfusés par perfusion de Langendorf avec une solution tampon de bicarbonate Krebs-Henseleit modifiée, et leurs fréquences cardiaques ont été mesurées. La perfusion d’infusat de 15 mM / l de K-aspartate a complètement arrêté le rythme cardiaque; il a fallu 25 mM / l de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) pour obtenir un arrêt cardiaque. Cependant, par leur combinaison, le cœur a été arrêté avec un perfusat de 10 mM / l de K-aspartate et 15 mM / l de chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), qui étaient moins concentrés que le K-aspartate ou le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate) seuls.

La production et l’utilisation de composés de magnésium comme réfractaires, comme intermédiaires chimiques et dans les matériaux de construction (1, 2) entraînent leur rejet dans l’environnement à travers divers flux de déchets (SRC). La production et l’utilisation de composés de magnésium dans des applications environnementales et en agriculture (1,2) se traduisent par leur rejet direct dans l’environnement (SRC). Environ 69% des composés de magnésium utilisés aux États-Unis étaient utilisés pour les réfractaires (par exemple, l’olivine) (1). Les 31% restants de composés de magnésium ont été utilisés en agriculture comme engrais ou alimentation animale (par exemple, oxyde de magnésium, sulfate de magnésium), comme intermédiaires chimiques (par exemple, chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate), hydroxyde de magnésium, carbonate de magnésium, oxyde de magnésium), matériaux de construction (par exemple , oxyde de magnésium), environnementales (par exemple, oxyde de magnésium, hydroxyde de magnésium) et applications industrielles (par exemple, oxyde de magnésium) (1, 2). Les autres utilisations comprennent le contrôle de la poussière et de la glace sur les routes (par exemple, le chlorure de magnésium hexahydraté (Magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate)), les applications de pâtes et papiers (par exemple, sulfate de magnésium), les produits pharmaceutiques (par exemple, sulfate de magnésium, carbonate de magnésium, oxyde de magnésium) et les cosmétiques (par exemple, carbonate de magnésium) ( 1,2).

MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATE (MAGNEZYUM KLORR HEKZAHDRAT)

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