MALIC ACID (MALK AST)
MALIC ACID (MALK AST)
CAS No. : 6915-15-7
EC No. : 230-022-8
Synonyms:
malic acid; DL-malic acid; 6915-15-7; 2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; 2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; 617-48-1; malate; Butanedioic acid, hydroxy; hydroxysuccinic acid; Kyselina jablecna; Deoxytetraric acid; hydroxybutanedioic acid; Pomalus acid; Malic acid, DL-; Musashi-no-Ringosan; alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid; Hydroxybutandisaeure; dl-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; Caswell No. 537; Monohydroxybernsteinsaeure; Succinic acid, hydroxy-; R,S(+-)-Malic acid; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; Kyselina jablecna [Czech]; FDA 2018; (+-)-Malic acid; DL-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid; FEMA No. 2655; FEMA Number 2655; Kyselina hydroxybutandiova [Czech]; Malic acid [NF]; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051101; CCRIS 2950; CCRIS 6567; AI3-06292; HSDB 1202; EINECS 210-514-9; EINECS 230-022-8; NSC 25941; (-)-Malic acid; (+-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid; butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-; BUTANEDIOIC ACID, HYDROXY-, (S)-; MLS000084707; CHEBI:6650; (+/-)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid; (+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid; Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (+-)-; NSC25941; Malic acid (NF); Malic acid, L-; (+/-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID; Hydroxysuccinate; MFCD00064212; NSC-25941; L-(-)-MalicAcid; Butanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2S)-; DL-Malate; Hydroxybutanedioate; E296; SMR000019054; DL-Apple Acid; DSSTox_CID_7640; DL-Malic acid, 99+%; (R)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; DSSTox_RID_78538; DSSTox_GSID_27640; Hydroxy Succinic Acid; R-Malic acid; Malicacid; Malicum acidum; Poly(malate); Malate homopolymer; Poly (L-malate); CAS-6915-15-7; Malic acid L-(-)-form; DL-hydroxysuccinic acid; Kyselina hydroxybutandiova; Aepfelsaeure; Deoxytetrarate; NSC 9232; NSC-9232; a-Hydroxysuccinate; R,SMalate; R,SMalic acid; H2mal; Hydroxybutanedioic acid homopolymer; 2-Hydroxysuccinate; R,S-Malic acid; Racemic malic acid; R,S-Malate; alpha-Hydroxysuccinate; .+-.-Malic acid; a-Hydroxysuccinic acid; (+/-)-Malic acid; Opera_ID_805; 2-hydroxyl-succinic acid; 17482-42-7; 40520-93-2; 57467-17-1; 64887-73-6; DL-Malic acid, 99%; MALIC ACID,(DL); 2-Hydroxydicarboxylic acid; SCHEMBL856; 2-hydroxy-butanedioic acid; bmse000046; bmse000904; EC 210-514-9; EC 230-022-8; Malic acid-, (L-form)-; ACMC-1B8G6; DL-Malic acid, >=99%; Oprea1_130558; Oprea1_624131; KSC353M3D; DL-HYDROXYSUCOINIC ACID; Butanedioic acid, (.+-.)-; DL(+/-)-MALIC ACID; GTPL2480; INS NO.296; 2-HYDROXY-SUCCINIC ACID; DL-HYROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID; CHEMBL1455497; DTXSID0027640; BDBM92495; CTK2F3631; INS NO. 296; INS-296; DL-Malic acid, FCC, >=99%; HMS2358H06; HMS3371C13; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylate; DL-Malic acid, analytical standard; ACN-S004262; HY-Y1311; KS-00000X4Q; STR03457; Tox21_201536; Tox21_300372; ANW-43712; s9001; STL283959; AKOS000120085; AKOS017278471; (+/-)-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID; AM81418; CCG-266122; DB12751; LS-2394; MCULE-5852208511
EN
Malic acid IUPAC Name 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid
Malic acid InChI 1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)
Malic acid InChI Key BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Malic acid Canonical SMILES C(C(C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O
Malic acid Molecular Formula C4H6O5
Malic acid CAS 6915-15-7
Malic acid Related CAS 676-46-0
Malic acid Deprecated CAS 41308-42-3
Malic acid European Community (EC) Number 230-022-8, 210-514-9, 202-601-5
Malic acid NSC Number 25941
Malic acid JECFA Number 619
Malic acid FEMA Number 2655
Malic acid DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID0027640
Malic acid Physical Description DryPowder; OtherSolid, Liquid
Malic acid Color/Form Colorless crystals
Malic acid Odor Characteristic
Malic acid Taste Smoothly tart
Malic acid Boiling Point Decomposes at >225 °C and <235 °C
Malic acid Melting Point 131.0 °C
Malic acid Solubility 5.79 M
Malic acid Density 1.601 g/ cu cm at 20 °C
Malic acid Vapor Pressure 3.28e-08 mmHg
Malic acid LogP -1.26
Malic acid Stability/Shelf Life Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Malic acid Decomposition When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Malic acid Viscosity 6.5 mPa.s (= cP) 50% aqueous solution at 25 °C
Malic acid Heat of Combustion -1.340 MJ/mol at 20 °C
Malic acid pH of a 0.001% aqueous solution is 3.80, that of 0.1% solution is 2.80, and that of a 1.0% solution is 2.34
Malic acid Dissociation Constants Ionization constants: K1 = 4X10-4; K2 = 9X10-6
Malic acid Collision Cross Section 115.9 Ų [M-H]-
Malic acid Molecular Weight 134.09 g/mol
Malic acid XLogP3 -1.3
Malic acid Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 3
Malic acid Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 5
Malic acid Rotatable Bond Count 3
Malic acid Exact Mass 134.021523 g/mol
Malic acid Monoisotopic Mass 134.021523 g/mol
Malic acid Topological Polar Surface Area 94.8 Ų
Malic acid Heavy Atom Count 9
Malic acid Formal Charge 0
Malic acid Complexity 129
Malic acid Isotope Atom Count 0
Malic acid Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Malic acid Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 1
Malic acid Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Malic acid Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Malic acid Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Malic acid Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Malic acid is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a food acidity regulator and a fundamental metabolite. It is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid and a C4-dicarboxylic acid. It derives from a succinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a malate(2-) and a malate.Malic acid has been used in trials studying the treatment of Xerostomia, Depression, and Hypertension.Therefore, this study aims to investigate the protective effects of two organic acids, that is, citric acid and L-Malic acid, which are the main components of Fructus Choerospondiatis, on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and the underlying mechanisms. In in vivo rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, we found that treatments with citric acid and L-Malic acid significantly reduced myocardial infarct size, serum levels of TNF-alpha, and platelet aggregation. In vitro experiments revealed that both citric acid and Malic acid significantly reduced LDH release, decreased apoptotic rate, downregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3, and upregulated the expression of phosphorylated Akt in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. These results suggest that both citric acid and Malic acid have protective effects on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury; the underlying mechanism may be related to their anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation and direct cardiomyocyte protective effects. These results also demonstrate that organic acids, besides flavonoids, may also be the major active ingredient of Fructus Choerospondiatis responsible for its cardioprotective effects and should be attached great importance in the therapy of ischemic heart disease.Assessing the clinical effectiveness of a topical sialogogue on spray (Malic acid, 1%) in the treatment of xerostomia induced by antihypertensive drugs. Study Design: This research has been carried out through a randomized double-blind clinical trial. 45 patients suffering from hypertensive drugs-induced xerostomia were divided into 2 groups: the first group (25 patients) received a topical sialogogue on spray (Malic acid, 1%) whereas the second group (20 patients) received a placebo. Both of them were administered on demand for 2 weeks. Dry Mouth Questionnaire (DMQ) was used in order to evaluate xerostomia levels before and after product/placebo application. Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flows rates, before and after application, were measured. All the statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS software v17.0. Different DMQ scores at the earliest and final stage of the trial were analysed by using Mann-Whitney U test, whereas Student’s T-test was used to analyse salivary flows. Critical p-value was established at p<0.05. Results: DMQ scores increased significantly (clinical recovery) from 1.21 to 3.36 points (p<0.05) after Malic acid (1%) application whereas DMQ scores increased from 1.18 to 1.34 points (p>0.05) after placebo application. After two weeks of treatment with Malic acid, unstimulated salivary flow increased from 0.17 to 0.242 mL/min whereas the stimulated one increased from 0.66 to 0.92 mL/min (p<0.05). After placebo application unstimulated flow ranged from 0.152 to 0.146 mL/min and stimulated flow increased from 0.67 to 0.70 mL/min (p>0.05). Conclusions: Malic acid 1% spray improved antihypertensive-induced xerostomia and stimulated the production of saliva.Fourteen patients, 11 males and 3 females, with various forms of ichthyosiformdermatoses were used to evaluate the therapeutic potential of more than 60 chemicals, including Malic acid. Malic acid was dissolved in either water or ethanol and incorporated into a hydrophilic ointment of plain petrolatum. The ointment, containing 5% Malic acid (pH not specified), was applied twice daily to the appropriate test site for 2 weeks. Daily to weekly observations were made. Malic acid provided 3+ (disappearance of scales from lesions) or 4+ (restoration to normal looking skin) improvement in all patients except one with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.Malic acid is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. It is formed from fumaric acid and is oxidized to oxaloacetic acid. It is also metabolized to pyruvic acid by malic enzyme which is present in many biologic systems, including bacteria and plants. L-Malic and dl-Malic acid are both rapidly metabolized in the rat. Orally or ip administered l- or Malic acid was extensively eliminated as carbon dioxide (83 to 92%). No differences between the two forms were found in the rates (90 to 95% in 24 hr) or routes of excretion.Malate occurs in all living organisms as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. It occurs in relatively high amounts in many fruits and vegetables. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), although only the L-isomer exists naturally.Upon oral and IP administration of radioactive Malic acid to rats, most of the radioactivity was excreted as carbon dioxide.Malic acid is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. It is formed from fumaric acid and is oxidized to oxaloacetic acid. It is also metabolized to pyruvic acid by malic enzyme which is present in many biologic systems, including bacteria and plants. L-Malic and dl-Malic acid are both rapidly metabolized in the rat. Orally or ip administered l- or Malic acid was extensively eliminated as carbon dioxide (83 to 92%). No differences between the two forms were found in the rates (90 to 95% in 24 hr) or routes of excretion.Both enantiomers of Malic acid are readily metabolised by laboratory animals and humans and that there was no reason to distinguish between Malic acid and DL-Malic acid when considering their safe use in food.Upon oral and IP administration of radioactive Malic acid to rats, most of the radioactivity was excreted as carbon dioxide.Malic acid is a colorless to white, crystalline solid. It has a sour taste. It is very soluble in water. Malic acid is present naturally in many plants, including flowers, fruits and vegetables, spices, and wine grapes. It is a component in tobacco. It may be formed in the air by reaction of other chemicals with light. Malic acid is formed naturally in animals and humans and used in the process of breaking down sugar into energy in the body. USE: Malic acid is an important commercial chemical used in canning fruits and vegetables to prevent them from spoiling. It is used in various other foods, dry beverage powders, carbonated beverages, and food packaging materials to control acidity. Malic acid is an ingredient in some household cleaners, hair coloring, nail enamels, human and specialty pet shampoos.Workers in the food, cleaning and personal care industries may be exposed to Malic acid through skin contact and breathing in mists or Malic acid salt dusts. The general population is exposed to Malic acid from eating foods consumed in a normal diet that contain Malic acid. People may breathe in mists or have skin contact while household and personal care products that contain Malic acid. If Malic acid is released to air, it can be broken down by reaction with other chemicals and some may be in or on particles that eventually fall to the ground. If released to water or soil, it is not expected to bind sediments. It is expected to move easily through soil. Malic acid is not expected to move into air from wet soils or water surfaces. Malic acid is expected to be broken down by microorganisms and is not expected to build up in tissues of aquatic organisms.Severe skin and eye irritation can occur with direct contact to Malic acid or its salts. Allergic skin reactions have been reported in some individuals after eating foods containing Malic acid. Erosion of tooth enamel may occur from drinking acidic soft drinks containing Malic acid. Weakness, incoordination, convulsions, and breathing difficulties occurred in laboratory animals given very high oral doses of Malic acid. Death occurred in some animals. No health problems occurred in laboratory animals, dogs, or cattle fed low-to-moderate doses over time. Malic acid did not cause birth defects or reproductive effects in laboratory animals. The potential for Malic acid to cause cancer has not been assessed in laboratory animals.Malic acid is used primarily as an ingredient in hard candys and other sweets, jams, jellies, and various canned fruits and vegetables.Malic acid is a particularly desirable acidulant in certain beverage selections, specifically those sweetened with the artificial sweetener aspartame.Malic acid is considered effective as a feed preservative.Malic acid is prepared commercially in the United States and Canada by hydration of maleic anhydride. … In this process maleic acid is heated at ca 180 °C (under a pressure of ca 1 MPa), Malic acid is yielded as the main product. Byproducts are maleic and fumaric acids. The latter can be separated by filtration and returned to the process stream because of its low water solubility. The filtrate is then concentrated; this causes separation of the Malic acid, which is purified by multiple washings, evaporation, and recrystallization until the contents of fumaric and maleic acids are reduced to 7.5 and <500 ppm, respectively. Additional purification is required to prepare pharmacological-grade material.
TR
Malik Asit IUPAC Ad 2-hidroksibutandioik asit
Malik Asit InChI 1S / C4H6O5 / c5-2 (4 (8) 9) 1-3 (6) 7 / h2,5H, 1H2, (H, 6,7) (H, 8,9 )
Malik Asit InChI Anahtar BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Malik Asit Kanonik SMILES C (C (C (= O) O) O) C (= O) O
Malik Asit Moleküler Formül C4H6O5
Malik Asit CAS 6915-15-7
Malik Asit lgili CAS 676-46-0
Malik Asit Kullanmdan Kaldrld CAS 41308-42-3
Malik Asit Avrupa Topluluu (EC) Numaras 230-022-8, 210-514-9, 202-601-5
Malik Asit NSC Numaras 25941
Malik Asit JECFA Numaras 619
Malik Asit FEMA Numaras 2655
Malik Asit DSSTox Madde Kimlii DTXSID0027640
Malik Asit Fiziksel Tanm Kuru Toz; DierKat, Sv
Malik Asit Renk / Form Renksiz kristaller
Malik Asit Koku Karakteristii
Malik Asit Tad Pürüzsüz tart
Malik Asit Kaynama Noktas> 225 ° C ve <235 ° C’de Ayrr
Malik Asit Erime Noktas 131.0 ° C
Malik Asit Çözünürlük 5.79 M
Malik Asit Younluk 20 ° C’de 1.601 g / cu cm
Malik Asit Buhar Basnc 3.28e-08 mmHg
Malik Asit LogP -1.26
Malik Asit Kararllk / Raf Ömrü Önerilen saklama koullarnda kararldr.
Malik Asit Ayrma Ayrmak için stldnda keskin duman ve tahri edici dumanlar yayar.
Malik Asit Viskozite 6,5 mPa.s (= cP) 25 ° C’de% 50 sulu çözelti
Malik Asit Yanma Iss 20 ° C’de -1.340 MJ / mol
Malik Asit% 0,001 sulu çözeltinin pH’ 3,80,% 0,1 çözeltininki 2,80 ve% 1,0 çözeltininki 2,34’tür.
Malik Asit Ayrlma Sabitleri yonizasyon sabitleri: K1 = 4X10-4; K2 = 9X10-6
Malik Asit Çarpma Kesiti 115.9 Ų [M-H] –
Malik Asit Moleküler Arlk 134.09 g / mol
Malik Asit XLogP3 -1.3
Malik Asit Hidrojen Ba Donör Says 3
Malik Asit Hidrojen Ba Alc Says 5
Malik Asit Dönebilen Ba Says 3
Malik Asit Tam Kütle 134.021523 g / mol
Malik Asit Monoizotopik Kütle 134.021523 g / mol
Malik Asit Topolojik Polar Yüzey Alan 94,8 Ų
Malik Asit Ar Atom Says 9
Malik Asit Resmi arj 0
Malik Asit Karmakl 129
Malik Asit zotop Atom Says 0
Malik Asit Tanml Atom Stereocenter Says 0
Malik Asit Tanmsz Atom Stereocenter Says 1
Malik Asit Tanml Ba Stereocenter Says 0
Malik Asit Tanmsz Ba Stereocenter Says 0
Malik Asit Kovalent Bal Birim Says 1
Malik Asit Bileii Kanonikletirilmitir Evet
Malik Asit, bir karbona bal hidrojenlerden birinin bir hidroksi grubu ile deitirildii süksinik asit olan 2-hidroksidikarboksilik asittir. Gda asitliini düzenleyici ve temel bir metabolit görevi görür. Bir 2-hidroksidikarboksilik asit ve bir C4-dikarboksilik asittir. Süksinik asitten türemitir. Bir malat (2-) ve bir malatn elenik asididir.Malik Asit, Xerostomia, Depresyon ve Hipertansiyon tedavisi üzerine yaplan çalmalarda kullanlmtr, bu nedenle bu çalma koruyucu etkileri aratrmay amaçlamaktadr. Fructus Choerospondiatis’in ana bileenleri olan sitrik asit ve L-Malik Asit olmak üzere iki organik asitin miyokardiyal iskemi / reperfüzyon hasar ve altta yatan mekanizmalar üzerinde yer almaktadr. Miyokardiyal iskemi / reperfüzyon hasarnn in vivo sçan modelinde, sitrik asit ve L-Malik Asit ile tedavilerin, miyokardiyal enfarktüs boyutunu, TNF-alfa serum seviyelerini ve trombosit agregasyonunu önemli ölçüde azalttn bulduk. In vitro deneyler, hipoksiye maruz kalm birincil neonatal sçan kardiyomiyositlerinde hem sitrik asit hem de DL Malik asidin (DL Malik Asit) LDH salmn önemli ölçüde azalttn, apoptotik hz düürdüünü, bölünmü kaspaz-3 ekspresyonunu düürdüünü ve fosforile Akt ekspresyonunu artrdn ortaya koydu. / reoksijenasyon hasar. Bu sonuçlar, hem sitrik asit hem de DL Malik asidin (DL Malik Asit) miyokardiyal iskemi / reperfüzyon hasar üzerinde koruyucu etkilere sahip olduunu göstermektedir; altta yatan mekanizma, bunlarn anti-enflamatuar, antitrombosit agregasyonu ve dorudan kardiyomiyosit koruyucu etkileri ile ilikili olabilir. Bu sonuçlar ayrca flavonoidlerin yan sra organik asitlerin de Fructus Choerospondiatis’in kardiyoprotektif etkilerinden sorumlu ana aktif bileeni olabileceini ve tedaviye büyük önem verilmesi gerektiini göstermektedir.Antihipertansif ilaçlarn neden olduu kserostominin tedavisinde topikal bir sialogogun sprey üzerindeki klinik etkinliinin deerlendirilmesi (Malik Asit,% 1). Çalma Tasarm: Bu aratrma, bir randomize çift kör klinik çalma ile gerçekletirilmitir. Hipertansif ilaçlarn neden olduu kserostomiden muzdarip 45 hasta 2 gruba ayrld: birinci grup (25 hasta) spreyde topikal bir sialogog (Malik Asit,% 1) alrken, ikinci grup (20 hasta) ald bir plasebo. Her ikisi de talep üzerine 2 hafta süreyle uyguland. Ürün / plasebo uygulamasndan önce ve sonra kserostomi düzeylerini deerlendirmek için Kuru Az Anketi (DMQ) kullanld. Uygulama öncesi ve sonras uyarlmam ve uyarlm tükürük ak hzlar ölçüldü. Tüm istatistiksel analizler SPSS v17.0 program kullanlarak yapld. Aratrmann en erken ve son aamasndaki farkl DMQ puanlar Mann-Whitney U testi kullanlarak analiz edilirken, tükürük aklarn analiz etmek için Student’s T-testi kullanld. Kritik p deeri p <0,05 olarak belirlendi. Bulgular: DMQ skorlar Malik Asit (% 1) uygulamasndan sonra 1.21’den 3.36 puana (p <0.05), DMQ skorlar plasebodan sonra 1.18’den 1.34’e (p> 0.05) yükseldi. uygulama. Malik Asit ile iki haftalk tedaviden sonra, uyarlmam tükürük ak 0.17’den 0.242 mL / dakikaya yükselirken, uyarlm olan 0.66’dan 0.92 mL / dakikaya yükseldi (p <0.05). Plasebo uygulamasndan sonra uyarlmam ak 0.152 ila 0.146 mL / dak arasnda deiti ve uyarlm ak 0.67’den 0.70 mL / dak’ya yükseldi (p> 0.05). Sonuçlar: Malik Asit% 1 sprey, antihipertansif kaynakl kserostomiyi iyiletirdi ve tükürük üretimini uyard. 60’tan fazla terapötik potansiyeli deerlendirmek için çeitli iktiyosiformdermatoz formlar ile 14 hasta, 11 erkek ve 3 kadn kullanld. Malik Asit dahil kimyasallar. Malik Asit su veya etanol içinde çözüldü ve hidrofilik bir saf vazelin merhemine dahil edildi. % 5 Malik Asit (pH belirtilmemitir) içeren merhem, 2 hafta boyunca uygun test bölgesine günde iki kez uyguland. Günlük ila haftalk gözlemler yapld. Malik Asit, epidermolitik hiperkeratozlu bir hasta hariç tüm hastalarda 3+ (lezyonlardan pullarn kaybolmas) veya 4+ (normal görünümlü cilde geri dönü) iyileme salamtr.Malik Asit, sitrik asit döngüsü. Fumarik asitten oluur ve oksaloasetik aside oksitlenir. Bakteriler ve bitkiler dahil birçok biyolojik sistemde bulunan malik enzim tarafndan pirüvik aside metabolize edilir. L-Malik ve dl-Malik Asit, sçanda hzla metabolize edilir. Azdan veya ip yoluyla uygulanan 1 veya Malik Asit, karbon dioksit olarak (% 83 ila 92) büyük ölçüde elimine edildi. Oranlarda (24 saatte% 90 ila 95) veya atlm yollarnda iki form arasnda hiçbir fark bulunmad.Malat, sitrik asit döngüsünde bir ara ürün olarak tüm canl organizmalarda meydana gelir. Birçok meyve ve sebzede nispeten yüksek miktarlarda bulunur. Malik Asit iki stereoizomerik forma (L- ve D-enantiyomerleri) sahiptir, ancak yalnzca L-izomeri doal olarak mevcuttur. Radyoaktif DL Malik asidin (DL Malik Asit) farelere oral ve IP uygulamas yoluyla, çou radyoaktivite karbondioksit olarak atld.Malik Asit sitrik asit döngüsünde bir ara maddedir. Fumarik asitten oluur ve oksaloasetik aside oksitlenir. Bakteriler ve bitkiler dahil olmak üzere birçok biyolojik sistemde bulunan malik enzim tarafndan pirüvik aside metabolize edilir. L-Malik ve dl-Malik Asit, sçanda hzla metabolize edilir. Azdan veya ip yoluyla uygulanan 1 veya Malik Asit, karbon dioksit olarak (% 83 ila 92) büyük ölçüde elimine edildi. Oranlarda (24 saatte% 90 ila 95) veya atlm yollarnda iki form arasnda hiçbir fark bulunmad. DL Malik asidin (DL Malik Asit) her iki enantiyomeri de laboratuar hayvanlar ve insanlar tarafndan kolayca metabolize edilir ve hiçbir neden yoktur. Gdada güvenli kullanmlar düünüldüünde Malik Asit ve DL-Malik Asit arasnda ayrm yapmak için Radyoaktif DL Malik asidin (DL Malik Asit) farelere oral ve IP uygulamas yoluyla, çou radyoaktivite, karbon dioksit olarak atld.Malik Asit, renksiz ila beyaz, kristalli bir katdr. Eki bir tad var. Suda çok çözünür. Malik Asit, çiçekler, meyveler ve sebzeler, baharatlar ve arap üzümleri dahil birçok bitkide doal olarak bulunur. Tütünün bir bileenidir. Dier kimyasallarn kla reaksiyona girmesi sonucu havada oluabilir. Malik Asit, hayvanlarda ve insanlarda doal olarak oluur veVücutta ekeri enerjiye dönütürme ilemi. KULLANIM: Malik Asit, meyve ve sebzelerin bozulmasn önlemek için konserve yapmnda kullanlan önemli bir ticari kimyasaldr. Asitlii kontrol etmek için çeitli dier yiyeceklerde, kuru içecek tozlarnda, gazl içeceklerde ve gda ambalaj malzemelerinde kullanlr. Malik Asit, baz ev temizleyicilerinde, saç boyalarnda, trnak cilalarnda, insan ve özel evcil hayvan ampuanlarnda bulunan bir bileendir.Gda, temizlik ve kiisel bakm endüstrilerindeki çalanlar DL Malik aside (DL Malik Asit) maruz kalabilir. sislerde veya Malik Asit tuz tozlarnda cilt temas ve solunmas yoluyla. Genel popülasyon, Malik Asit içeren normal bir diyette tüketilen yiyecekleri yemekten DL Malik aside (DL Malik Asit) maruz kalr. Malik Asit içeren ev ve kiisel bakm ürünlerinde insanlar sis soluyabilir veya ciltle temas edebilir. Malik Asit havaya salnrsa, dier kimyasallarla reaksiyona girerek parçalanabilir ve bazlar sonunda yere düen parçacklarn içinde veya üzerinde olabilir. Suya veya topraa salnrsa, tortular tutmas beklenmez. Toprakta rahat hareket etmesi beklenir. DL Malik asidin (DL Malik Asit) slak topraklardan veya su yüzeylerinden havaya geçmesi beklenmez. DL Malik asitin (DL Malik Asit) mikroorganizmalar tarafndan parçalanmas beklenir ve suda yaayan organizmalarn dokularnda birikmesi beklenmez. Malik Asit veya bununla dorudan temas halinde iddetli cilt ve göz tahrii meydana gelebilir. tuzlar. Baz kiilerde Malik Asit içeren yiyecekleri yedikten sonra alerjik cilt reaksiyonlar bildirilmitir. Malik Asit içeren asitli alkolsüz içeceklerin içilmesi di minesinde anma meydana gelebilir. Çok yüksek oral dozlarda Malik Asit verilen laboratuvar hayvanlarnda zayflk, koordinasyon, konvülsiyonlar ve solunum güçlükleri meydana geldi. Baz hayvanlarda ölüm meydana geldi. Zamanla düük ila orta dozlarla beslenen laboratuvar hayvanlarnda, köpeklerde veya srlarda herhangi bir salk sorunu olumad. Malik Asit, laboratuvar hayvanlarnda doum kusurlarna veya üreme etkilerine neden olmamtr. DL Malik asidin (DL Malik Asit) kansere neden olma potansiyeli laboratuar hayvanlarnda deerlendirilmemitir. Malik Asit esas olarak sert ekerlerde ve dier tatllarda, reçellerde, reçellerde ve çeitli konserve ürünlerinde bir bileen olarak kullanlr. Malik Asit, belirli içecek seçimlerinde, özellikle yapay tatlandrc aspartam ile tatlandrlanlarda özellikle arzu edilen bir asitletiricidir.Malik Asit, bir yem koruyucu olarak etkili kabul edilir. (Malik Asit) ticari olarak Amerika Birleik Devletleri ve Kanada’da maleik anhidrit hidratasyonu ile hazrlanmaktadr. … Bu ilemde maleik asit yaklak 180 ° C’de (yaklak 1 MPa basnç altnda) stlr, ana ürün olarak Malik Asit elde edilir. Yan ürünler, maleik ve fumarik asitlerdir. kincisi, suda çözünürlüünün düük olmas nedeniyle filtrasyonla ayrlabilir ve ilem akna geri döndürülebilir. Filtrat daha sonra konsantre edilir; bu, fumarik ve maleik asitlerin içerikleri srasyla 7.5 ve <500 ppm’ye düene kadar çoklu ykama, buharlatrma ve yeniden kristalletirme ile saflatrlan DL Malik asidin (DL Malik Asit) ayrlmasna neden olur. Farmakolojik kalitede materyal hazrlamak için ek saflatrma gereklidir.