N-PROPANOL

CAS NO:71-23-8

SYNONYMS
1-propanol;propanol;Propan-1-ol;n-propanol;Propyl alcohol;71-23-8;n-Propyl alcohol;ethylcarbinol;1-hydroxypropane;optal;osmosol extra;Propylic alcohol;Propanol-1;1-Propyl alcohol;n-Propan-1-ol;Propanolen;Propanole;Alcohol, propyl;Propanoli;Ethyl carbinol;Alcool propilico;Alcool propylique;n-Propyl alkohol;Propylowy alkohol;Albacol;1 Propanol;propane-1-ol;Propanole [German];Propanolen [Dutch];Propanol, 1-;Propanoli [Italian];propylalcohol;Propyl alcohol, normal;Caswell No. 709A;1-PROPONOL;FEMA Number 2928;Propyl alcohol (natural);n-Propyl alkohol [German];Alcool propilico [Italian];Alcool propylique [French];Propylowy alkohol [Polish];NSC 30300;UNII-96F264O9SV;FEMA No. 2928;CCRIS 3202;HSDB 115;Propylan-propyl alcohol;EINECS 200-746-9;UN1274;RL04721;RTR-023458;TRA0060291;1-Propanol, ACS reagent, >=99.5%;1-Propanol, HPLC grade, >=99.5%;CAS-71-23-8;1-Propanol, purum, >=99.0% (GC);NCGC00255163-01;AN-41945;KB-66585;1-Propanol, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%;Propyl Alcohol (Normal) Reagent Grade ACS;TR-023458;FT-0608280;FT-0627482;P0491;1-Propanol, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.0%;2537-EP2269989A1;2537-EP2269993A1;2537-EP2269994A1;2537-EP2295053A1;2537-EP2298313A1;27313-EP2311808A1;27313-EP2311829A1;27313-EP2311830A1;27313-EP2314575A1;136983-EP2275411A2;136983-EP2292606A1;A837125;I14-2607;InChI=1/C3H8O/c1-2-3-4/h4H,2-3H2,1H;J-505102;1-Propanol, for inorganic trace analysis, >=99.8%;1-Propanol, B&J Brand (product of Burdick & Jackson);F0001-1829;Z955123580;1-Propanol, puriss. p.a., Reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.5% (GC);1-Propanol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;n-Propanol or propyl alcohol, normal [UN1274] [Flammable liquid];n-Propanol or propyl alcohol, normal [UN1274] [Flammable liquid];1-Propanol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material;5VQ

N-Propanol is a primary alcohol with the formula CH3CH2CH2OH (sometimes represented as PrOH or n-PrOH). This colorless liquid is also known as propan-1-ol, 1-propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, and n-propanol. It is an isomer of 2-propanol (propan-2-ol, isopropyl alcohol, isopropanol). It is formed naturally in small amounts during many fermentation processes and used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry mainly for resins and cellulose esters.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1-Propanol shows the normal reactions of a primary alcohol. Thus it can be converted to alkyl halides; for example red phosphorus and iodine produce n-propyl iodide in 80% yield, while PCl3 with catalytic ZnCl2 gives n-propyl chloride. Reaction with acetic acid in the presence of an H2SO4 catalyst under Fischer esterification conditions gives propyl acetate, while refluxing propanol overnight with formic acid alone can produce propyl formate in 65% yield. Oxidation of 1-propanol with Na2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 gives only a 36% yield of propionaldehyde, and therefore for this type of reaction higher yielding methods using PCC or the Swern oxidation are recommended. Oxidation with chromic acid yields propionic acid.

PREPARATION
1-Propanol is manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of propionaldehyde. The propionaldehyde is itself produced via the oxo process, by hydroformylation of ethylene using carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as cobalt octacarbonyl or a rhodium complex.
H2C=CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CH=O
CH3CH2CH=O + H2 → CH3CH2CH2OH
A traditional laboratory preparation of 1-propanol involves treating n-propyl iodide with moist Ag2O.
N-Propanol was discovered in 1853 by Gustave C. B. Chancel, who obtained it by fractional distillation of fusel oil. Indeed, 1-propanol is a major constituent of fusel oil, a by-product formed from certain amino acids when potatoes or grains are fermented to produce ethanol. This process is no longer a significant source of 1-propanol.
SAFETY
N-Propanol is thought to be similar to ethanol in its effects on the human body, but 2-4 times more potent. Oral LD50 in rats is 1870 mg/kg (compared to 7060 mg/kg for ethanol). It is metabolized into propionic acid. Effects include alcoholic intoxication and high anion gap metabolic acidosis. As of 2011, only one case of lethal 1-propanol poisoning was reported.

INHALATION
Although this method is rare, it does exist. Propanol might be much more convenient than ethanol for inhalation because of its potency with nebulizers.
Propanol as fuel
1-propanol has high octane numbers and it is suitable for engine fuel usage. However, the production of propanol has been too expensive to make it a common fuel. The research octane number (RON) of propanol is 118 and anti-knock index (AKI) is 108.

SAFETY AND HAZARDS
Hazards Identification
GHS Hazard Statements
Aggregated GHS information provided by 2587 companies from 43 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 1 of 2587 companies. For more detailed information, please visitECHA C&L website Of the 42 notification(s) provided by 2586 of 2587 companies with hazard statement code(s):

H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]
H302 (13.96%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
H318 (100%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H336 (99.81%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

Precautionary Statement Codes
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P330, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and
Health Hazard
Contact with eyes is extremely irritating and may cause burns. Vapors irritate nose and throat. In high concentrations, may cause nausea, dizziness, headache, and stupor. (USCG, 1999)
Flammable – 3rd degree
Fire Hazard
Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.
Fire Potential
Dangerous upon exposure to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.
Ignites on contact with potassium-tert-butoxide.
Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations
EXPOSURE TO 400 PPM FOR 3 T0 5 MIN PRODUCED MILD IRRITATION OF EYES, NOSE, AND THROAT.
High concn … can cause CNS depression & are irritating to the eyes, throat, & mucous membranes. Contact to the skin of the liquid can cause mild chemical burns.
Safety and Hazard Properties
LEL
2.1 % (USCG, 1999)
2.2%
UEL
13.5 % (USCG, 1999)
13.7%
Flammability
Lower flammable limit: 2.2% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 13.7% by volume
Class IB Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. below 73F and BP at or above 100F.
Critical Temperature
Critical temp: 263.7 deg C; critical pressure: 51 atm
Critical Pressure
Critical temp: 263.7 deg C; critical pressure: 51 atm
NFPA Hazard Classification
Health: 1. 1= Materials that, on exposure, would cause irritation, but only minor residual injury, including those requiring the use of an approved air-purifying respirator. These materials are only slightly hazardous to health and only breathing protection is needed.
Flammability: 3. 3= This degree includes Class IB and IC flammable liquids and materials that can be easily ignited under almost all normal temperature conditions. Water may be ineffective in controlling or extinguishing fires in such materials.
Reactivity: 0. 0= This degree includes materials that are normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and that do not react with water. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used.
NFPA Fire Rating
3
NFPA Health Rating
1
Physical Dangers
The vapour mixes well with air, explosive mixtures are easily formed.

Chemical Dangers
800 ppm
Reacts with strong oxidants. This generates fire and explosion hazard. Attacks some forms of plastic and rubber.
Explosive Limits and Potential
LOWER 2.1%, UPPER 13.5%
Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame.
Explosive limits , vol% in air: 2.1-13.5
OSHA Standards
Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 200 ppm (500 mg/cu m).
Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/cu m); STEL 250 ppm (625 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states.
NIOSH Recommendations
Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 200 ppm (500 mg/cu m).
Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 250 ppm (625 mg/cu m) [skin].
First Aid Measures
First Aid
Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, flush the contaminated skin with water. Where there is evidence of skin irritation, get medical attention. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Eye:Irrigate immediately
Skin:Water flush
Breathing:Respiratory support
Swallow:Medical attention immediately
Inhalation First Aid
Fresh air, rest.
Skin First Aid
Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.
Eye First Aid
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Ingestion First Aid
Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .
Fire Fighting Measures
To fight fire use alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.
/During/ fire fighting self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode /should be worn./

Fire Fighting
Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, waterspray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane(UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842). LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use straight streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.
Other Fire Fighting Hazards
Flash back along vapor trail may occur.
Isolation and Evacuation
Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)
Spillage Disposal
Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Cleanup Methods
Absorb on paper. Evaporate on a glass or iron dish in hood. Burn the paper.
Countermeasures recommended for treating spills: activated charcoal, biological treatment agent, gelling agent, absorbing agent, dispersing agent.
Disposal Methods
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

1. By absorbing it in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or a similar material and disposing in an … /approved/ sanitary landfill. 2. By atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.
The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for n-propanol: Biological treatment.
Incineration: Waste liquid can be atomized in an incinerator or can be disposed of by way of a licensed solvent disposal company or can be reclaimed.
Other Preventative Measures
Adequate ventilation … /is/ necessary.
Clothing wet with liquid propyl alcohol should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for removal of propyl alcohol from the clothing. If … laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the propyl alcohol, the person performing the operation should be informed of propyl alcohol`s hazardous properties. Any clothing which becomes wet with liq … should be removed immediately & not reworn until propyl alcohol is removed from the clothing.
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee`s place of work for cleaning.
Employees who handle liquid isobutyl alcohol should wash their hands before eating or smoking. /Isobutyl alcohol/
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.
Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.
Handling and Storage
Nonfire Spill Response
Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)
Safe Storage
Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants. Cool. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.
Storage Conditions
Keep containers closed, store in cool, well ventilated place away from ignition sources.
Exposure Control and Personal Protection
REL
TWA 200 ppm (500 mg/m3) ST 250 ppm (625 mg/m3) [skin]
PEL-TWA
200 ppm (500 mg/m) ppm
REL-TWA
200 ppm (500 mg/m) ppm
REL-STEL
250 ppm (625 mg/m) ppm
IDLH
800 ppm (NIOSH, 2016)
800 ppm ppm
800 ppm

Threshold Limit Values
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 100 ppm

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.
A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
100 ppm as TWA; A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen)
Other Occupational Permissible Levels
Other recommendations: West Germany (1974) 200 ppm; Czechoslovakia (1969), East Germany (1973) 100 ppm; USSR (1972) 50 ppm.
A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.
Effects of Short Term Exposure
The substance is irritating to the eyes. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Exposure at high levels could cause unconsciousness.
Effects of Long Term Exposure
The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.
Allowable Tolerances
Residues of n-propanol are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent or cosolvent in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.
n-Propanol is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent for blended emulsifiers in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only.
n-Propanol is exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a solvent for blended emulsifiers in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals.
Personal Protection

Skin:Prevent skin contact
Eyes:Prevent eye contact
Wash skin:When contaminated
Remove:When wet (flammable)
Change:No recommendation

Respirator Recommendations
NIOSH/OSHA
Up to 800 ppm:
(APF = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)*
(APF = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)*
(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister
(APF = 10) Any supplied-air respirator*
(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece
Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions:
(APF = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode
(APF = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus
Escape:
(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister
Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus
Fire Prevention
NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. NO contact with oxidizing agents. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Do NOT use compressed air for filling, discharging, or handling.
Inhalation Prevention
Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.
Skin Prevention
Protective gloves.
Eye Prevention
Wear safety goggles.
Ingestion Prevention
Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
Protective Equipment and Clothing
Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard(i.e. for liquids with flash point Employees should be provided with & required to use impervious clothing … & other appropriate clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with liquid propyl alcohol. … Employees should be provided with & required to use splash proof safety goggles where liquid propyl alcohol may contact the eyes.
Wear rubber gloves, face shield, overalls … .
Breakthrough times greater than one hour reported by (normally) two or more testers for neoprene and nitrile rubber. Some data (usually from immersion tests) suggesting breakthrough times greater than one hour are not likely for natural rubber. No data for butyl rubber, neoprene /styrene-butadiene rubber, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl alcohol and viton. Some data suggesting breakthrough times of approximated an hour or more for polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 800 ppm. Respirator Class(es): Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s). May require eye protection. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s). May require eye protection. Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any supplied-air respirator. May require eye protection. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concn or IDLH conditions: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.
Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.

STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Air and Water Reactions
Highly flammable. Water soluble.
Alcohols and Polyols
Reactivity Alerts
Highly Flammable
Reactivity Profile
N-PROPANOL reacts with alkali metal, nitrides and strong reducing agents to give flammable and/or toxic gases. Reacts with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Converted by oxidizing agents to propanal or propionic acid. May initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents (NIOSH, 2016).
Reactivities and Incompatibilities
Ignition occurs when potassium tert-butoxide reacts with … n-propanol …
Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fires and explosions.
Strong oxidizers.
The vapor mixes well with air; explosive mixtures are easily formed. Reacts with strong oxidants (perchlorates, nitrates).
Contact of 1.5 g portions of the solid butoxide /potassium tert-butoxide/ with drops of the liquid (l) or with the vapors (v) of the reagents below caused ignition … .
Strong oxidizers

CAS NO:71-23-8

N-Propanol, CH3CH2CH2OH formlyle (bazen PrOH veya n-PrOH olarak temsil edilen) bir birincil alkoldr. Bu renksiz sv ayrca propan-1-ol, 1-propil alkol, n-propil alkol ve n-propanol olarak bilinir. 2-propanoln (propan-2-ol, izopropil alkol, izopropanol) bir izomeridir. Pek ok fermantasyon ilemi srasnda doal olarak az miktarlarda oluur ve esas olarak reineler ve selloz esterleri iin farmastik endstrisinde bir zc olarak kullanlr.

KMYASAL ZELLKLER
1-Propanol, bir birincil alkoln normal reaksiyonlarn gsterir. Bylece alkil halitlere dntrlebilir; rnein, krmz fosfor ve iyodin,% 80 verimle n-propil iyodr retirken, katalitik ZnCl2 ieren PC1, n-propil klorr verir. Fischer esterifikasyon koullar altnda bir H2S04 katalizrnn varlnda asetik asit ile reaksiyon, propil asetat verirken, tek bana formik asit ile propanoln gece boyunca geri aktlmas,% 65 verimle propil format retebilir. 1-propanoln Na2Cr207 ve H2S04 ile oksidasyonu sadece% 36`lk bir propionaldehid verimi verir ve bu nedenle bu tip reaksiyon iin PCC veya Swern oksidasyonu kullanan daha yksek verimli yntemler tavsiye edilir. Kromik asit ile oksidasyon, propionik asit verir.

HAZIRLIK
1-Propanol, propionaldehid`in katalitik hidrojenasyonu ile retilir. Propionaldehid, okso prosesi yoluyla, karbon monoksit ve hidrojen kullanlarak, etilenin, kobalt oktakarbonil veya bir rodyum kompleksi gibi bir katalizrn varlnda hidroformilasyonu ile retilir.
H2C = CH2 + CO + H2 → CH3CH2CH = O
CH3CH2CH = O + H2 → CH3CH2CH2OH
1-propanoln geleneksel bir laboratuar preparasyonu n-propil iyodrn nemli Ag20 ile muamele edilmesini ierir.
N-Propanol, 1853`te, fnd petroln fraksiyonel damtlmasyla elde edilen Gustave C. B. Chancel tarafndan kefedilmitir. Gerekten de, 1-propanol, patates veya tahllar etanol retmek zere fermente edildiinde, belirli amino asitlerden oluturulmu bir yan rn olan fusel yann ana bileenidir. Bu sre artk nemli bir 1-propanol kayna deildir.
EMNYET
N-Propanol`n insan vcudu zerindeki etkilerinde etanol ile benzer olduu dnlr, ancak 2-4 kat daha gldr. Sanlarda Oral LD50, 1870 mg / kg`dr (etanol iin 7060 mg / kg`a kyasla). Propionik aside metabolize edilir. Etkileri
Alkolik intoksikasyon ve yksek anyon boluu metabolik asidozu ierir. 2011 yl itibaryla sadece bir vakada ldrc 1-propanol zehirlenmesi bildirilmitir.

SOLUNUM
Bu yntem nadir olmakla birlikte, var. Propanol, nebulizatrlerle olan etkilerinden dolay inhalasyon iin etanolden ok daha uygun olabilir.
Propanol yakt olarak
1-propanol yksek oktan saysna sahiptir ve motor yakt kullanm iin uygundur. Bununla birlikte, propanol retimi, onu ortak bir yakt haline getirmek iin ok pahal olmutur. Propanoln aratrma oktan says (RON) 118, anti-vuruntu indeksi (AKI) 108`tir.

GVENLK VE TEHLKELER
Tehlike TANITIMI
GHS Tehlike fadeleri
2587 irket tarafndan 43 bildiriden ECHA C & L Envanterine salanan toplam GHS bilgileri. Her bildirim birden ok irketle ilikilendirilebilir.
2587 firmann 1`inde GHS tehlike kriterlerini karlamad bildirildi. Daha detayl bilgi iin ltfenECHA C & L web sitesini ziyaret ediniz.
2587 sayl 2587 firmann tehlike bildirimi koduna sahip 42 bildirim (ler) inden:

H225 (% 100): Yksek derecede yanc sv ve buhar [Tehlikeli Yanc svlar]
H302 (% 13.96): Yutulduunda sala zararldr [Uyar Akut toksisite, oral]
H318 (% 100): Ciddi gz hasarna neden olur [Tehlike Ciddi gz hasar / gz tahrii]
H336 (% 99.81): Uyuuklua veya ba dnmesine neden olabilir [Uyar Spesifik hedef organ toksisitesi, tek maruz kalma; Narkotik etkiler]

Bilgiler, kirliliklere, katk maddelerine ve dier faktrlere bal olarak bildirimler arasnda deiebilir. Parantez iindeki yzde deeri, tehlike kodlar salayan firmalardan bildirilen snflandrma orann gsterir. Sadece% 10`un zerindeki yzde deerlerine sahip tehlike kodlar gsterilir.

nlem fadesi Kodlar
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301 + P312, P303 + P361 + P353, P304 + P340, P305 + P351 + P338, P310, P312, P330, P370 + P378, P403 + P233, P403 + P235, P405 ve
Salk tehlikesi
Gzle temas ar derecede tahri edicidir ve yanklara neden olabilir. Buharlar burun ve boaz tahri eder. Yksek konsantrasyonlarda, bulant, ba dnmesi, ba ars ve stupor neden olabilir. (USCG, 1999)
Yanc – 3 derece
Yangn tehlikesi
ERG Guide`dan alnt 129 [Yanc Svlar (Suyla karabilir / Zararl)]: YKSEK YANICI: Is, kvlcm veya alevle kolayca tutuur. Buharlar hava ile patlayc karmlar oluturabilir. Buharlar ateleme kaynana gidebilir ve geri dnebilir. ou buhar havadan daha ardr. Yaylacaklar zeminde ve dk veya snrl alanlarda (kanalizasyon, bodrum, depo) toplayn. Buhar patlama tehlikesi ieride, darda veya kanalizasyonda. Bir (P) ile belirtilen maddeler stldnda veya bir yangna kartnda patlayc olarak polimerize olabilirler. Kanalizasyona aktlmas yangn veya patlama tehlikesi yaratabilir. Kaplar stldnda patlayabilir. Birok sv sudan daha hafiftir.
Son derece yanc. Yangnda tahri edici veya zehirli dumanlar (veya gazlar) verir. Buhar / hava karmlar patlaycdr.

Yangn potansiyeli
Isya veya aleve maruz kaldnda tehlikeli; Oksitleyici maddeler ile kuvvetlice reaksiyona girebilir.
Potasyum-tert-butoksit ile temasta tutuur.
Deri, Gz ve Solunum Tahrii
3 T0 5 MIN N 400 PPM`YE MARUZ KALMA ETKLER, BURUN VE BTKLERNN RETLMES.
Yksek konsantrasyon … CNS depresyonuna neden olabilir ve gzler, boaz ve mukoza zarlarn tahri eder. Svlarn cilde temas etmesi, hafif kimyasal yanklara neden olabilir.

Gvenlik ve Tehlikeli zellikler
LEL
% 2.1 (USCG, 1999)
% 2.2
UEL
% 13,5 (USCG, 1999)
% 13.7

Yanclk
Alt yanc limit: hacimce% 2.2; st yanc limit: Hacmen% 13,7
Snf IB Yanc Sv: Fl.P. 73 F`nin altnda ve BP 100 F veya stnde.
Kritik scaklk
Kritik scaklk: 263.7 deg C; kritik basn: 51 atm
Kritik Basn
Kritik scaklk: 263.7 deg C; kritik basn: 51 atm
NFPA Tehlike Snflandrmas
Salk: 1. 1 = Maruz kaldnda tahrie neden olabilecek malzemeler, ancak onaylanm hava temizleyici bir solunum cihaznn kullanlmasn gerektirenler de dahil olmak zere sadece kk kalnt yaralanmalar. Bu malzemeler salk iin sadece biraz tehlikelidir ve sadece solunum korumas gereklidir.
Yanabilirlik: 3. 3 = Bu derece, hemen hemen tm normal scaklk koullarnda kolayca tutuabilen Snf IB ve IC yanc svlar ve malzemeleri ierir. Bu tr malzemelerdeki yangnlar kontrol etmek veya sndrmek iin su etkisiz olabilir.
Reaktivite: 0 0 = Bu derece, yangna maruz kalma koullarnda bile normalde stabil olan ve suyla reaksiyona girmeyen malzemeleri ierir. Normal yangnla mcadele prosedrleri kullanlabilir.

NFPA Yangn Snf
3
NFPA Salk Deerlendirmesi
1
Fiziksel Tehlikeler
Buhar hava ile iyi karr, patlayc karmlar kolayca oluur.
Kimyasal Tehlikeler
800 ppm
Gl oksitleyicilerle reaksiyona girer. Bu yangn ve patlama tehlikesi oluturur. Baz plastik ve kauuk formlarna saldrr.
Patlayc Limitler ve Potansiyel
% 2.1, ST% 13,5
Is veya aleve maruz kaldnda buhar eklinde patlaycdr.
Patlayc limitler, havadaki vol%: 2.1-13.5
OSHA Standartlar
zin Verilen Maruz Kalma Limiti: Tablo Z-1 8-hr Zaman Arlkl Ort: 200 ppm (500 mg / cu m).
Aklanm OSHA PEL TWA 200 ppm (500 mg / cu m); Baz eyaletlerde 250 ppm STEL (625 mg / cu m) hala uygulanmaktadr.
NIOSH nerileri
nerilen Maruz Kalma Limiti: 10 Saat Zaman Arlkl Ort: 200 ppm (500 mg / cu m).
nerilen Maruz Kalma Limiti: 15 Dak Ksa Sreli Maruz Kalma Snr: 250 ppm (625 mg / cu m) [cilt].
lk YARDIM TEDBRLER
lk yardm
Gz: Bu kimyasal gze temas ederse, gzlerinizi derhal bol miktarda suyla ykayn, bazen alt ve st kapaklar kaldrn. Hemen tbbi yardm aln. Bu kimyasal ile alrken kontakt lensler giyilmemelidir. Cilt: Bu kimyasal cilde temas ederse, kontamine deriyi suyla ykayn. Deri tahriine dair kantlar olduunda, tbbi yardm aln. Solunum: Bir kii bu kimyasaln byk miktarn soluduunda, maruz kalan kiiyi bir defada temiz havaya karn. Solunum durduysa, azdan aza yeniden canlandrn. Etkilenen kiiyi scak ve dinlendirin. En ksa srede tbbi yardm aln. Yutulmas: Bu kimyasal yutulduysa hemen tbbi yardm aln.

Gz: Hemen sulayn
Cilt: Su sifonu
Solunum: Solunum destei
Yutmak: hemen tbbi yardm
Soluma lk Yardm
Temiz hava, dinlen.

Cilt lk Yardm
su ve sabun ile ykayn, sonra durulayn ve.
Gz lkyardm
lk nce birka dakika bol su ile durulayn (eer mmknse kontak lensleri karn), ardndan tbbi yardm aln.
Yutma lk Yardm
Az alkalayn. Tbbi yardm aln.
Yangnla Mcadele Tedbirleri
Yangnla mcadele etmek iin alkol kp, karbon dioksit, kuru kimyasal kullann.
/ Yangn sndrme srasnda ya da dier pozitif basn modunda altrlan tam yz maskesine sahip, kendi kendine yeten solunum cihaz / yangn sndrme cihaz kullanlmaldr.

Yangn sndrme
ERG Guide`dan alnt 129 [Yanc Svlar (Suyla karabilir / Zararl)]: DKKAT: Tm bu rnler ok dk bir parlama noktasna sahiptir: Yangn sndrrken su spreyi kullanlmas verimsiz olabilir. KK YANGIN: Kuru kimyasal, CO2, su pskrtme veya alkole direnli kpk. Nitrometan (UN 1261) veya nitroetan (UN2842) ieren yangnlar kontrol etmek iin kuru kimyasal yangn sndrcler kullanmayn. BYK YANGIN: Su spreyi, sis veya alkole direnli kpk. Dz aklar kullanmayn. Risk almadan yapabiliyorsanz kaplar yangn alanndan uzaklatrn. YANGIN EREN TANKLAR VEYA ARABA / RMORK YKLER: Maksimum mesafeden atele savan veya insansz hortum tutucular kullann veya nozullar izleyin. Yangn bittikten sonra su miktarn az olan serin kaplar sndrlr. Havalandrma gvenlik cihazlarndan gelen ykselen ses veya tankn renginin solmas durumunda derhal geri ekilmelidir. HER ZAMAN yangnda yutulmu tanklardan uzak durun. Byk yangnlar iin insansz hortum tutucular kullann veya nozullar izleyin; Bu mmkn deilse, alandan ekilip ate yakmasna izin verin.
Su spreyi, toz, alkole direnli kpk, karbon dioksit kullann. Yangn durumunda: davul vb.
Dier Yangnla Mcadele Tehlikeleri
Buhar izi boyunca geriye doru yanp snebilir.
zolasyon ve Tahliye
ERG Guide`dan alnt 129 [Yanc Svlar (Suyla karabilir / Zararl)]: Hemen nlem olarak, dklme veya sznt blgesini her ynden en az 50 metre (150 feet) izole edin. BYK DKM: lk aa rzgar tahliyesini en az 300 metre (1000 fit) dnn. YANGIN: Eer tank, demir yolu veya tank kamyonu yangna karyorsa, ISOLATE her yne 800 metre (1/2 mil); Ayrca, tm ynlerde 800 metre (1/2 mil) iin ilk tahliye dnn. (ERG, 2016)
Dklme Bertaraf
Havalandrma. Tm ateleme kaynaklarn karn. Szdran ve dklen svy szdrmaz kaplarda mmkn olduunca toplayn. Kalan svy kum veya inert absorbanda emdirin. Daha sonra yerel dzenlemelere gre saklayn ve atn.

TEMZLEME YNTEMLER
Kat zerine emdirin. Balktaki bir bardak veya demir tabak zerine buharlatrn. Kad yak.
Dklmeleri tedavi etmek iin nerilen kar nlemler: aktif kmr, biyolojik artma maddesi, jelletirici ajan, emici madde, datc madde.
Bertaraf Yntemleri
SRP: nceleme srasnda, arazi artma veya gmme (shhi depolama sahas) bertaraf uygulamalar iin kriterler nemli bir revizyona tabidir. Atk kalntlarnn (atk amuru dahil) arazi imha edilmesinden nce, kabul edilebilir bertaraf uygulamalar hakknda rehberlik iin evre dzenleme kurulularna dann.
1. Vermikulit, kuru kum, toprak veya benzeri bir malzemeyi emerek ve … / onaylanm / dzenli bir depolama sahasnda bertaraf ederek. 2. Uygun bir yanma odasnda atomize ederek.
Aadaki atk su artma teknolojileri n-propanol iin aratrlmtr: Biyolojik artma.
Yakma: Atk sv bir yakma frn iinde atomize olabilir veya lisansl bir zc bertaraf irketi araclyla imha edilebilir veya geri kazanlabilir.

SRP: Bulaan koruyucu kyafetler, giysiyi tutan, imha eden veya temizleyen personel tarafndan dorudan kiisel temasta bulunmayacak ekilde ayrlmaldr. Temizlik prosedrlerinin tam olup olmadn tespit etmek iin kalite gvencesi, dekontamine koruyucu giysilerin iiler tarafndan yeniden kullanlmas iin iade edilmeden nce uygulanmaldr. Kirlenmi kyafetler vardiya sonunda eve gtrlmemelidir, ancak alanlarn temizlik iin i yerinde kalmaldr.
Sv izobtil alkolle alan alanlar, yemeden veya sigara imeden nce ellerini ykamaldr. / zobtil alkol /
i kirlendiinde derhal derhal ykamaldr.
Islanan kyafetler, yanclk tehlikesi nedeniyle hemen karlmaldr.
TAIMA VE DEPOLAMA
Yanmaz Dklme Tepkisi
ERG Guide`dan alntlar 129 [Yanc Svlar (Suyla karabilir / Zararl)]: Tm ateleme kaynaklarn (derhal sigara iilmez, iaret fiei, kvlcm veya alev almaz) ELEMNE EDN. rn kullanrken kullanlan tm ekipman topraklanmaldr. Dklen malzemeye dokunmayn ya da yrymeyin. Risk olmadan yapabiliyorsanz sznty durdurun. Su yollarna, kanalizasyona, bodrum katlarna veya kapal alanlara girii engelleyin. Buharlar azaltmak iin buhar bastrma kp kullanlabilir. Kuru toprak, kum veya dier yanc olmayan materyallerle emdirin veya kaplayn ve kaplara aktarn. Emilen malzemeyi toplamak iin temiz, kvlcm karmayan aletler kullann. BYK DKLMES: Daha sonra bertaraf edilmek zere sv dklmesinin ok tesine gein. Su spreyi buhar azaltabilir, ancak kapal alanlarda tutumay engelleyemeyebilir. (ERG, 2016)
Gvenli depolama
Yanmaz. Gl oksitleyicilerden ayrlr. Gzel. yi kapal. yi havalandrlm bir odada saklaynz.
Depolama koullar
Kaplar kapal tutun, serin, iyi havalandrlm bir yerde tutuma kaynaklarndan uzakta saklayn.
Maruz Kalma Kontrol ve Kiisel Korunma
REL
TWA 200 ppm (500 mg / m3) ST 250 ppm (625 mg / m3) [cilt]
PEL-TWA
200 ppm (500 mg / m) ppm
REL-TWA
200 ppm (500 mg / m) ppm
REL-STEL
250 ppm (625 mg / m) ppm
IDLH
800 ppm (NIOSH, 2016)
800 ppm ppm
800 ppm

Eik Snr Deerleri
8 saat Zaman Arlkl Ort (TWA): 100 ppm

Gezi Snr Tavsiyesi: i maruziyet dzeylerindeki gezintiler, bir i gn boyunca toplamda 30 dakikadan fazla olmamak kouluyla TLV-TWA`nn 3 katn geemez ve TLV-TLS`nin 5 katn gememelidir. TWA almam.
A4: nsan kanserojen olarak snflandrlamaz.
TWA olarak 100 ppm; A4 (insan kanserojen olarak snflandrlamaz)

Dier Mesleki zin Verilen Seviyeler
Dier neriler: Bat Almanya (1974) 200 ppm; ekoslovakya (1969), Dou Almanya (1973) 100 ppm; SSCB (1972) 50 ppm.
Bu maddenin 20 C`de buharlamasyla havann zararl bir ekilde kirlenmesine; Bununla birlikte, pskrtme veya datma konusunda ok daha hzldr.
Ksa Vadeli Maruz Kalmann Etkileri
Bu madde gz tahri eder. Bu madde merkezi sinir sistemi zerinde etkilere neden olabilir. Yksek seviyelerde maruz kalmak bilin kaybna neden olabilir.
Uzun Sreli Maruziyetin Etkileri
Bu madde kurumaya ve atlamaya neden olabilecek deriye kar koymaktadr.

zin verilen Toleranslar
N-propanol kalntlar, iyi tarmsal uygulamalara uygun olarak, tarmsal uygulamalara uygun olarak, yetitiricilere veya hasattan sonra ham tarmsal rnlere uygulanan pestisit formlasyonlarnda, inert (veya ara sra aktif) bileenler olarak kullanldnda, bir tolerans gerekliliinden muaf tutulur.
n-Propanol, kark tarm ilalar iin, iyi tarm uygulamalarna uygun bir zc olarak kullanldnda tolerans gerekliliinden muaftr, ancak, sadece byyen rnlere uygulanan pestisit formlasyonlarnda, inert (veya ara sra aktif) bileenler olarak kullanlr.
n-Propanol, hayvanlara uygulanan pestisit formlasyonlarnda inert (veya ara sra aktif) terkip maddeleri olarak iyi bir tarm uygulamasna uygun olarak harmanlanm emlsiyonlatrclar iin bir zc olarak kullanldnda bir tolerans gerekliliinden muaftr.
Kiisel koruma

Cilt: Ciltle temas nleyin
Gzler: gz temas nlemek
Deriyi ykayn: Kirlendiinde
karn: Islak olduunda (yanc)
Deitir: neri yok

Solunum nerileri
NIOSH / OSHA
800 ppm`e kadar:
(APF = 10) Organik buhar kartulu kimyasal koruyucu kartu *
(APF = 25) Organik buhar kartuu (kartular) ile glendirilmi, hava arndrc bir respiratr *
(APF = 50) ene tarz, n veya arkaya monteli organik buhar kab ile hava temizleyici, tam yz maskesi (gaz maskesi)
(APF = 10) Verilen herhangi bir hava respiratr *
(APF = 50) Tam yz yze her trl solunum aparat
Bilinmeyen konsantrasyonlara veya IDLH koullarna acil veya planl giri:
(APF = 10.000) Tam yz yze sahip ve her trl solunum cihazbir basn talebi veya baka bir pozitif basn modunda altrlr
(APF = 10.000) Tam yz yze olan ve kendi kendine yeten bir pozitif basnl solunum cihaz ile birlikte basn talebi veya baka bir pozitif basn modunda alan herhangi bir solunum havas respiratr
Ka:
(APF = 50) ene tarz, n veya arkaya monteli organik buhar kab ile hava temizleyici, tam yz maskesi (gaz maskesi)
Uygun bir ka tipi, bamsz solunum aparat
Yangn nleme
NO ak alev, kvlcm ve sigara iilmez. Oksitleyici maddeler ile temas ettirilmez. Kapal sistem, havalandrma, patlamaya dayankl elektrik ekipman ve aydnlatma. Doldurma, boaltma veya kullanma iin basnl hava KULLANMAYIN.
Soluma nleme
Havalandrma, yerel egzoz veya solunum korumas kullann.
Cilt nleme
Koruyucu eldivenler.
Gz nleme
Koruyucu gzlk takn.
Yutma nleme
alrken yemek yemeyin, imeyin veya sigara kullanmayn.
Koruyucu Ekipman ve Giyim
Cilt: Cildin temasn nlemek iin uygun kiisel koruyucu kyafet giyin. Gzler: Gzle temas nlemek iin uygun gz korumas takn. Cildi ykayn: i kirlendiinde derhal derhal ykamaldr. karma: Islanan i kyafeti yanclk tehlikesi nedeniyle hemen karlmaldr (rn. Parlama noktas alanlar, sv propil alkol ile tekrarlanan veya uzun sreli ciltle temas nlemek iin gerekli olan, geirimsiz kyafetler … ve dier uygun kyafetler ile birlikte verilmeli ve gereklidir. … alanlara, sv propil alkoln gzlerle temas edebilecei yerlerde su geirmez gvenlik gzlkleri kullanlmal ve kullanlmaldr.
Lastik eldiven giyin, yz siperi, tulum ….
Neopren ve nitril kauuk iin iki veya daha fazla test cihaz tarafndan rapor edilen bir saatten byk sreler. Bir saatten daha byk atlm sreleri neren baz veriler (genellikle daldrma testlerinden) doal kauuk iin uygun deildir. Btil kauuk, neopren / stiren-btadien kauuk, polivinil klorr, polietilen, poliretan, polivinil alkol ve viton iin veri yoktur. Polivinil klorr (PVC) iin yaklak bir saat ya da daha fazla atlm srelerini gsteren baz veriler.
Cildin temasn nlemek iin uygun kiisel koruyucu kyafetler giyin.
Gz temasn nlemek iin uygun gz korumas takn.

Solunum cihaz seimi iin neriler. Maksimum kullanm iin uygun: 800 ppm. Solunum Snf (lar) : Organik buhar kartuu (kartular) olan herhangi bir kimyasal kartu respiratr. Gz korumas gerektirebilir. Organik buhar kartuu (kartular) ile glendirilmi, hava arndrc bir respiratr. Gz korumas gerektirebilir. ene tarz, n veya arkaya monteli organik buhar kab ile hava temizleyici, tam yz maskesi (gaz maskesi). Salanan herhangi bir solunum maskesi. Gz korumas gerektirebilir. Tam yz yze sahip bamsz solunum cihaz.
Solunum cihaz seimi iin neriler. Durum: Bilinmeyen birleik veya IDLH koullarna acil veya planl giri: Solunum Snf (lar): Tam yz yze olan ve basn talebi veya baka bir pozitif basn modunda alan bamsz solunum cihaz. Basnl veya dier pozitif basnl modda altrlan bir yardmc solunum aparat ile birlikte tam bir yzeye sahip olan ve basn talebi veya baka bir pozitif basn modunda altrlan herhangi bir solunum havas respiratr.
Solunum cihaz seimi iin neriler. Durum: Aniden ortaya kan solunum tehlikelerinden kamak: Solunum Snf (lar): ene tarz, n veya arkaya monte edilmi organik buhar kab ile hava temizleyici, tam yz maskesi (gaz maskesi). Uygun bir ka tipi, bamsz solunum aparat.

KARARLILIK VE REAKTVTE
Hava ve Su Reaksiyonlar
Son derece yanc. Suda znr.
Alkoller ve Polioller
Reaktivite Uyarlar
Son derece yanc
Reaktivite Profili
N-PROPANOL, yanc ve / veya toksik gazlar vermek iin alkali metal, nitritler ve gl indirgeyici maddeler ile reaksiyona girer. Esterleri ve suyu oluturmak iin oksoasitler ve karboksilik asitlerle reaksiyona girer. Oksitleyici maddeler tarafndan propanal veya propionik aside dntrlr. zosiyanat ve epoksitlerin polimerizasyonunu balatabilir. Gl oksitleyici maddelerle uyumsuzdur (NIOSH, 2016).
Tepkiler ve Uyumsuzluklar
Potasyum tert-btoksit … n-propanol ile reaksiyona girdiinde ateleme oluur.
Gl oksitleyicilerle temas, yangn ve patlamalara neden olabilir.
Gl oksitleyiciler.
Buhar hava ile iyi karr; Patlayc karmlar kolaylkla oluturulabilir. Gl oksitleyicilerle (perkloratlar, nitratlar) reaksiyona girer.
Kat butoksit / potasyum tert-butoksitin 1.5 g`lk ksmlarnn / svlarn (l) damlalar ile veya aadaki reaktiflerin buharlar (v) ile temas, atelemeye neden oldu.
Gl oksitleyiciler

N-PROPANOL

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