PERCHLOROETHYLENE (PERKLOROETLEN)
PERCHLOROETHYLENE (PERKLORETLEN)
CAS No. : 127-18-4
EC No. : 204-825-9
Synonyms:
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen); Tetrachloroethene; Perchloroethylene; 127-18-4; Perc; Perchlorethylene; Ethene, tetrachloro-; Tetrachlorethylene; Ethylene tetrachloride; 1,1,2,2-Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen); Carbon dichloride; Ankilostin; Didakene; Perclene; Tetracap; Tetraguer; Tetraleno; Tetralex; Tetropil; Perawin; Tetlen; Tetrachloraethen; PerSec; Carbon bichloride; PERK; Percloroetilene; Tetracloroetene; Fedal-UN; Tetrachlooretheen; Czterochloroetylen; Percosolve; Perchlor; Perklone; Tetravec; Tetroguer; Nema; 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethene; Perchloraethylen, per; Perchlorethylene, per; Perclene D; Dow-per; Dilatin PT; Perchloorethyleen, per; Antisol 1; Ethylene, tetrachloro-; Perchloroethene; Antisal 1; Rcra waste number U210; Percosolv; Nema, veterinary; NCI-C04580; Caswell No. 827; ENT 1,860; C2Cl4; Percloroetilene [Italian]; Tetrachlooretheen [Dutch]; Tetrachloraethen [German]; Tetracloroetene [Italian]; Perclene TG; UNII-TJ904HH8SN; Czterochloroetylen [Polish]; Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) (IUPAC); CCRIS 579; UN 1897; HSDB 124; Perchloorethyleen, per [Dutch]; Perchloraethylen, per [German]; Perchlorethylene, per [French]; Ethene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-; NSC 9777; EINECS 204-825-9; UN1897; RCRA waste no. U210; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 078501; BRN 1361721; TJ904HH8SN; AI3-01860; CHEBI:17300; MFCD00000834; Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen), 99%, extra pure; Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen), 99+%, for HPLC; Tetrachloroethene 100 microg/mL in Methanol; Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen), 99+%, spectrophotometric grade; Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) [USP]; Tetrachlorathen; Dowper; Perchlorothylene; perawi n; Tetrochloroethane; tetrachloro-ethene
EN
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) IUPAC Name 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethene
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) InChI 1S/C2Cl4/c3-1(4)2(5)6
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) InChI Key CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Canonical SMILES C(=C(Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Molecular Formula C2Cl4
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) CAS 127-18-4
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) European Community (EC) Number 204-825-9
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) ICSC Number 0076
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) NSC Number 9777
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) RTECS Number KX3850000
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) UN Number 1897
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) UNII TJ904HH8SN
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID2021319
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Physical Description Liquid
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Color/Form Colorless liquid
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Odor Ether-like odor
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Boiling Point 250 F at 760 mm Hg
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Melting Point -2 F
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Flash Point No flash point in conventional closed tester.
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Solubility less than 0.1 mg/mL at 63 F
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Density 1.63 at 68 F
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Vapor Density 5.83
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Vapor Pressure 14 mm Hg at 68 F ; 15.8 mm Hg at 72 F
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) LogP 3.4
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) LogKoa 3.48 (Octanol-Air partition coefficient)
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Henrys Law Constant 0.02 atm-m3/mole
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Atmospheric OH Rate Constant 1.67e-13 cm3/molecule*sec
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Stability/Shelf Life Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Autoignition Temperature Not flammable
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Decomposition Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions – Carbon oxides, hydrogen chloride gas.
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Viscosity Liquid (cP): 0.932 at 15 C; 0.839 at 25 C; 0.657 at 50 C; 0.534 at 75 C. Vapor: 9900 cP at 60 C
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Corrosivity Corrosion of aluminum, iron, and zinc, which is negligible unless water is present, can be inhibited by the addition of stabilizers
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Heat of Combustion 679.9 kJ/mol
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Heat of Vaporization 90.2 BTU/lb = 50.1 cal/g = 2.10X10+5 J/kg
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Surface Tension 31.74 dynes/cm at 20 C in contact with vapor
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Ionization Potential 9.32 eV
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Molecular Weight 165.8 g/mol
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) XLogP3 3.4
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Rotatable Bond Count 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Exact Mass 165.872461 g/mol
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Monoisotopic Mass 163.875411 g/mol
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Topological Polar Surface Area 0 Å
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Heavy Atom Count 6
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Formal Charge 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Complexity 55.6
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Isotope Atom Count 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is a colorless, volatile, nonflammable, liquid, chlorinated hydrocarbon with an ether-like odor that may emit toxic fumes of phosgene when exposed to sunlight or flames. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is mainly used as a cleaning solvent in dry cleaning and textile processing and in the manufacture of fluorocarbons. Exposure to this substance irritates the upper respiratory tract and eyes and causes neurological effects as well as kidney and liver damage. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen and may be linked to an increased risk of developing skin, colon, lung, esophageal, and urogenital tract cancer as well as lymphosarcoma and leukemia.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is a manufactured chemical that is widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics and for metal-degreasing. It is also used to make other chemicals and is used in some consumer products.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is stable up to 500 C in the absence of catalysts, moisture, and oxygen.The distinctive odor of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) does not necessarily provide adequate warning. Because Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) quickly desensitizes olfactory responses, persons can suffer exposure to vapor concentrations in excess of TLV limits without smelling it.The odor threshold for Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) has been established as 32 mg/ cu m.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is a colorless, volatile, nonflammable, liquid, chlorinated hydrocarbon with an ether-like odor that may emit toxic fumes of phosgene when exposed to sunlight or flames. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is mainly used as a cleaning solvent in dry cleaning and textile processing and in the manufacture of fluorocarbons. Exposure to this substance irritates the upper respiratory tract and eyes and causes neurological effects as well as kidney and liver damage. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen and may be linked to an increased risk of developing skin, colon, lung, esophageal, and urogenital tract cancer as well as lymphosarcoma and leukemia.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is a volatile, lipophilic small molecule that is rapidly and extensively absorbed after inhalation and oral exposure. It can also be rapidly absorbed through the skin, but dermal absorption appears to be a less important route of exposure. In humans, inhalation exposure to Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) typically results, within a few hours of exposure, in a pseudoequilibrium between inspired air and blood although there can be substantial interindividual differences in absorption behavior. After oral dosing in animals, peak blood Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) concentrations are typically reached within 15-30 min, and systemic bioavailability is typically greater than 80%; once absorbed, Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is rapidly distributed throughout the body, and well-perfused tissues reach a pseudoequilibrium with blood within a few minutes.Because of its lipophilicity, the highest concentrations of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) are found in adipose tissue. In humans, the fat-to-blood concentration ratio has been estimated to be as high as 90:1. Relatively high concentrations are also observed in the liver and brain. On the basis of animal studies and sparse human data, the brain concentration of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is 4-8 times the blood concentration.For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) (32 total), please visit the HSDB record page.The two major products of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) metabolism by the CYP pathway are trichloroacetyl chloride and oxalyl chloride.The beta-lyase pathway: Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is conjugated with glutathione to S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl) glutathione and is later processed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and aminopeptidase to S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (TCVC).The CYP pathway is the predominant route of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) metabolism in rats and humans. Plasma albumin adducted with the trichloro derivative, indicating metabolism by the CYP pathway, was found in rats and humans exposed to Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) at 40 ppm for 6 hours. … Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) excretion by rats was about 23 fold that of humans; or humans excreted about 4.4% of the amount excreted by rats.After ingestion of 12-16 g Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen), a 6 year old boy was admitted to the clinic in coma. … The Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) blood level profile which was determined under hyperventilation therapy could be computer fitted to a two compartment model. Elimination of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) from the blood compartment occurred via a rapid and a slow process with half-lives of 30 min and 35 hours, respectively. These values compared favorably with the half-lives of 160 min and 33 hours under normal respiratory conditions.The elimination of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) in expired air ranged from 50 to 150 ppm (339 to 1,017 mg/cu m) for up to 8 hr. Biological half-life for fat stores was 71.5 hr.The biological half-life of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) metabolites (as measured as total trichloro-compounds) is 144 hours.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is used to clean dirt, grease and minor scratches from the print and the negative films prior to printing.The production of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is possible by high temperature chlorination of chlorinated lower molecular mass hydrocarbons. For industrial purposes, three processes are important: 1. Production from acetylene via trichloroethylene … 2. Production from ethylene or 1,2-dichloroethane through oxychlorination … and 3. Production from C1-C3 hydrocarbons or chlorinated hydrocarbons through high temperature chlorination.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is produced mainly by oxyhydrochlorination, perchlorination, and/or dehydrochlorination of hydrocarbons or chlorinated hydrocarbons such as 1,2 dichloroethane, propylene, propylene dichloride, 1,1,2-tri-chloroethane, and acetylene.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is avail in the USA in the following grades: purified, technical, USP, spectrophotometric, and dry-cleaning. The technical and dry-cleaning grades both meet specifications for technical grade and differ only in the amount of stabilizer added to prevent decomposition. Stabilizers … incl amines or mixtures of epoxides and esters. Typical analysis of the commercial grade is … nonvolatile residue, 0.0003%; free chlorine, none; moisture, no cloud at -5 C … USP grade contains not less than 99.0% and no more than 99.5% Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen), the remainder consisting of ethanol.Analyte: Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen); Matrix: Air; Sampler: Solid sorbent tube (coconut shell charcoal, 100 mg/50 mg); Flow rate: 0.01-0.2 l/min; Vol: min: 0.2 @ 100 ppm, max: 40; Stability: not determined.The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) stem from its toxicologic properties. Exposure to this colorless liquid may occur from its use as a solvent and as an intermediate in chemical syntheses. In addition to eye and skin inflammation from contacting liquid Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen), inhalation of its vapor can cause central nervous system depression, liver necrosis, and effects on the lung, heart, and kidney. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen)`s sweet chloroform-like odor may warn of its presence at a sub-TLV level of 4.68 ppm; however,the distinctive odor of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) does not necessarily provide adequate warning. Because Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) quickly desensitizes olfactory responses, persons can suffer exposure to vapor concentrations in excess of TLV limits without smelling it. To assure against exposure, it is recommended that self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing be worn, especially in fire or spill situations. Although considered nonflammable, containers of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) may explode in the heat of a fire and its vapor will decompose in contact with open flames or red-heated materials to yield the poisonous gas, phosgene. For small fires involving Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen), extinguish with dry chemical or CO2, and for large fires, use water spray, fog, or foam. Cool containers with water. If the fire involves a tank car or truck, isolate the area for 1/2 mile in all directions. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location, away from strong oxidizers, potential fire hazards, caustic soda, potash, and chemically active metals such as barium, lithium, and beryllium. For small spills of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen), ventilate the area then take up with vermiculite, dry sand, or earth. Large spills should be diked for later disposal. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residues (including waste sludge), consult environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.Irritation of the eyes, nose, or throat and central nervous system depression were experienced by 17 subjects, exposed to 685 mg of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) per cu m air. Coordination was impaired within 3 hr of exposure.D039; A waste containing Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.The presence of 0.5% of trichloroethylene as impurity in Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) during unheated drying over solid sodium hydroxide caused the generation of dichloroacetylene. After subsequent fractional distillation, the volatile fore-run exploded.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen), also known under the systematic name tetrachloroethene, or perchloroethylene, and many other names (and abbreviations such as “perc” or “PERC”, and “PCE”), is a chlorocarbon with the formula Cl2C=CCl2. It is a colorless liquid widely used for dry cleaning of fabrics, hence it is sometimes called “dry-cleaning fluid”. It has a sweet odor detectable by most people at a concentration of 1 part per million (1 ppm). Worldwide production was about 1 million metric tons (980,000 long tons; 1,100,000 short tons) in 1985.Most Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is produced by high temperature chlorinolysis of light hydrocarbons. The method is related to Faraday`s discovery since hexachloroethane is generated and thermally decomposes.[4] Side products include carbon tetrachloride, hydrogen chloride, and hexachlorobutadiene.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is an excellent solvent for organic materials. Otherwise it is volatile, highly stable, and nonflammable. For these reasons, it is widely used in dry cleaning. It is also used to degrease metal parts in the automotive and other metalworking industries, usually as a mixture with other chlorocarbons. It appears in a few consumer products including paint strippers and spot removers. It is also used in aerosol preparations.It is used in neutrino detectors where a neutrino interacts with a neutron in the chlorine atom and converts it to a proton to form argon.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) was once extensively used as an intermediate in the manufacture of HFC-134a and related refrigerants. In the early 20th century, tetrachloroethene was used for the treatment of hookworm infestation.The acute toxicity of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) “is moderate to low”. “Reports of human injury are uncommon despite its wide usage in dry cleaning and degreasing”.The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) as a Group 2A carcinogen, which means that it is probably carcinogenic to humans.[9] Like many chlorinated hydrocarbons, Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is a central nervous system depressant and can enter the body through respiratory or dermal exposure.[10] Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) dissolves fats from the skin, potentially resulting in skin irritation.Animal studies and a study of 99 twins showed there is a “lot of circumstantial evidence” that exposure to Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) increases the risk of developing Parkinson`s disease ninefold. Larger population studies are planned.[11] Also, Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) has been shown to cause liver tumors in mice and kidney tumors in male rats.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) exposure has been linked to pronounced acquired color vision deficiencies after chronic exposure.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is a common soil contaminant. With a specific gravity greater than 1, Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) will be present as a dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) if sufficient quantities are released. Because of its mobility in groundwater, its toxicity at low levels, and its density (which causes it to sink below the water table), cleanup activities are more difficult than for oil spills: oil has a specific gravity less than 1. Recent research on soil and ground water pollution by Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) has focused on in-place remediation. Instead of excavation or extraction for above-ground treatment or disposal, Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) contamination has been successfully remediated by chemical treatment or bioremediation. Bioremediation has been successful under anaerobic conditions by reductive dechlorination by Dehalococcoides sp. and under aerobic conditions by cometabolism by Pseudomonas sp.[23][24] Partial degradation daughter products include trichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride; full degradation converts Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) to ethene and hydrogen chloride dissolved in water.Estimates state that 85% of Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) produced is released into the atmosphere; while models from OECD assumed that 90% is released into the air and 10% to water. Based on these models, its distribution in the environment is estimated to be in the air (76.39% – 99.69%), water (0.23% – 23.2%), soil (0.06-7%), with the remainder in the sediment and biota. Estimates of lifetime in the atmosphere vary, but a 1987 survey estimated the lifetime in the air to be about 2 months in the Southern Hemisphere and 56 months in the Northern Hemisphere. Degradation products observed in a laboratory include phosgene, trichloroacetyl chloride, hydrogen chloride, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) is degraded by hydrolysis, and is persistent under aerobic conditions. It is degraded by reductive dechlorination under anaerobic conditions, with degradation products such as trichloroethylene, dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, ethylene, and ethane.[25]. It has an ozone depletion potential of 0.005, where CFC-11 (CCl3F) is 1.
TR
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) IUPAC Ad 1,1,2,2-tetrakloroeten
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) InChI 1S / C2Cl4 / c3-1 (4) 2 (5) 6
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) InChI Anahtar CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Kanonik SMILES C (= C (Cl) Cl) (Cl) Cl
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Molekler Forml C2Cl4
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) CAS 127-18-4
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Avrupa Topluluu (EC) Numaras 204-825-9
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) ICSC Numaras 0076
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) NSC Numaras 9777
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) RTECS Numaras KX3850000
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) UN Numaras 1897
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) UNII TJ904HH8SN
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) DSSTox Madde Kimlii DTXSID2021319
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Fiziksel Tanmlama Sv
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Renk / Form Renksiz sv
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Koku Eter benzeri koku
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Kaynama Noktas 250 F, 760 mm Hg`de
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Erime Noktas -2 F
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Parlama Noktas Geleneksel kapal test cihaznda parlama noktas yoktur.
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) 63 F`de 0,1 mg / mL`den az znrlk
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Younluk 1.63, 68 F
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Buhar Younluu 5.83
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Buhar Basnc 68 F`de 14 mm Hg; 72 F`de 15,8 mm Hg
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) LogP 3.4
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) LogKoa 3.48 (Oktanol-Hava blme katsays)
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Henrys Yasas Sabiti 0,02 atm-m3 / mol
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Atmosferik OH Hz Sabiti 1,67e-13 cm3 / molekl * sn
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Kararllk / Raf mr nerilen depolama koullarnda kararldr.
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Kendiliinden Tutuma Scakl Yanc deil
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Ayrma Yangn koullar altnda oluan tehlikeli bozunma rnleri – Karbon oksitler, hidrojen klorr gaz.
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Viskozite Svs (cP): 15 C`de 0.932; 25 C`de 0.839; 50 C`de 0.657; 75 C`de 0.534. Buhar: 60 C`de 9900 cP
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Korozivite Su olmad srece ihmal edilebilecek alminyum, demir ve inkonun korozyonu stabilizatrlerin eklenmesiyle nlenebilir.
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Yanma Iss 679.9 kJ / mol
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Buharlama Iss 90.2 BTU / lb = 50.1 cal / g = 2.10X10 + 5 J / kg
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Yzey Gerilimi 31.74 din / cm, 20 C`de buharla temas halinde
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) yonizasyon Potansiyeli 9,32 eV
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Molekler Arlk 165,8 g / mol
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) XLogP3 3.4
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Hidrojen Ba Donr Says 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Hidrojen Ba Alcs Says 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Dnebilen Ba Says 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Tam Ktle 165.872461 g / mol
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Monoizotopik Ktle 163.875411 g / mol
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Topolojik Polar Yzey Alan 0 Ų
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Ar Atom Says 6
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Resmi arj 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Karmaklk 55.6
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) zotop Atom Says 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Tanml Atom Stereocenter Says 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Tanmsz Atom Stereocenter Says 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Tanml Ba Stereocenter Says 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Tanmsz Ba Stereocenter Says 0
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Kovalent Bal Birim Says 1
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) Bileii Kanonikalize Edilmitir Evet
Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen), gne na veya alevlere maruz kaldnda toksik fosgen dumanlar yayabilen eter benzeri bir kokuya sahip, renksiz, uucu, yanc olmayan, sv, klorlu bir hidrokarbondur. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) esas olarak kuru temizleme ve tekstil ilemede ve florokarbon retiminde bir temizleme zcs olarak kullanlr. Bu maddeye maruz kalma, st solunum yollarn ve gzleri tahri eder ve nrolojik etkilerin yan sra bbrek ve karacier hasarna neden olur. Perkloroetilenin (Perkloretilen) bir insan kanserojeni olduu tahmin edilmektedir ve deri, kolon, akcier, zofagus ve rogenital sistem kanserinin yan sra lenfosarkom ve lsemi gelitirme riskinin artmasyla balantl olabilir.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) retilmi bir kimyasaldr. kumalarn kuru temizliinde ve metalin yadan arndrlmasnda yaygn olarak kullanlmaktadr. Ayn zamanda dier kimyasallarn yapmnda da kullanlr ve baz tketici rnlerinde kullanlr.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) katalizr, nem ve oksijen yokluunda 500 C`ye kadar stabildir. Perkloroetilenin (Perkloretilen) kendine zg kokusu mutlaka salamaz yeterli uyar. nk Perchloroetilen (Perkloretilen) koku alma tepkilerini hzla duyarszlatrr, kiiler koklamadan TLV snrlarn aan buhar konsantrasyonlarna maruz kalabilirler. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) iin koku eii 32 mg / cu m olarak belirlenmitir.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) renksizdir. , gne na veya aleve maruz kaldnda toksik fosgen dumanlar yayabilen eter benzeri bir kokuya sahip uucu, yanc olmayan, sv, klorlu hidrokarbon. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) esas olarak kuru temizleme ve tekstil ilemede ve florokarbon retiminde bir temizleme zcs olarak kullanlr. Bu maddeye maruz kalma, st solunum yollarn ve gzleri tahri eder ve nrolojik etkilerin yan sra bbrek ve karacier hasarna neden olur. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) makul olarak bir insan kanserojeni olarak tahmin edilmektedir ve deri, kolon, akcier, zofagus ve rogenital sistem kanserinin yan sra lenfosarkom ve lsemi gelitirme riskinin artmasyla balantl olabilir.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) uucu, lipofilik inhalasyon ve oral maruziyetten sonra hzla ve geni lde emilen kk molekl. Deriden hzla emilebilir, ancak deriden emilim, maruz kalmann daha az nemli bir yolu gibi grnmektedir. nsanlarda, perkloroetilene (Perkloretilen) inhalasyon yoluyla maruz kalma, tipik olarak, maruziyetten sonraki birka saat iinde, solunan hava ile kan arasnda sahte bir denge ile sonulanr, ancak emilim davrannda nemli kiiler aras farkllklar olabilir. Hayvanlarda oral dozlamadan sonra, en yksek kan Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) konsantrasyonlarna tipik olarak 15-30 dakika iinde ulalr ve sistemik biyoyararlanm tipik olarak% 80`den fazladr; Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) emildikten sonra hzla vcuda dalr ve iyi perfze olan dokular birka dakika iinde kanla yalanc dengeye ular. Lipofilisitesi nedeniyle en yksek Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) konsantrasyonlar ya dokusunda bulunur. nsanlarda, ya-kan konsantrasyonu orannn 90: 1 kadar yksek olduu tahmin edilmektedir. Karacier ve beyinde de nispeten yksek konsantrasyonlar gzlenir. Hayvan almalar ve seyrek insan verilerine dayanarak, Perkloroetilenin (Perkloretilen) beyin konsantrasyonu kan konsantrasyonunun 4-8 katdr.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) iin daha fazla Emilim, Datm ve Boaltma (Tam) verileri iin (toplam 32), ltfen HSDB kayt sayfasn ziyaret edin. CYP yolu ile perkloretilen (Perkloretilen) metabolizmasnn iki ana rn trikloroasetil klorr ve oksalil klorrdr. beta-liyaz yolu: Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) glutatyon ile S- (1,2,2 -trichlorovinyl) glutatyon ve daha sonra gama-glutamil transpeptidaz ve aminopeptidaz ile S- (1,2,2-triklorovinil) -L-sisteine (TCVC) dntrlr.CYP yolu, sanlarda Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) metabolizmasnn baskn yoludur. ve insanlar. CYP yolu ile metabolizmay gsteren trikloro trevi ile eklenen plazma albmini, 6 saat boyunca 40 ppm`de Perkloroetilen`e (Perkloretilen) maruz kalan sanlarda ve insanlarda bulundu. … Sanlar tarafndan trikloroasetik asit (TCA) atlm, insanlardan yaklak 23 kat daha fazlayd; veya insanlar, sanlar tarafndan atlan miktarn yaklak% 4.4`n att. 12-16 g Perkloretilen (Perkloretilen) almndan sonra, 6 yanda bir erkek ocuk komada klinie yatrld. … Hiperventilasyon tedavisi altnda belirlenen Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) kan seviyesi profili, iki blmeli bir modele bilgisayar taklabilir. Kan blmesinden perkloroetilenin (Perkloretilen) eliminasyonu, srasyla 30 dakika ve 35 saatlik yar mrlerle hzl ve yava bir ilemle gerekleti. Bu deerler, normal solunum koullar altnda 160 dakika ve 33 saatlik yar mrlerle olumlu bir ekilde karlatrld. 8 saate kadar, solunan havada perkloroetilenin (Perkloretilen) eliminasyonu 50 ila 150 ppm (339 ila 1.017 mg / cu m) arasnda deiiyordu. . Ya depolarnn biyolojik yar mr 71,5 saattir. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) metabolitlerinin biyolojik yar mr (toplam trikloro-bileikleri olarak lldnde) 144 saattir. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) kir, gres ve kk izikleri temizlemek iin kullanlr. Bask ncesi bask ve negatif filmler. Perkloretilen (Perkloretilen) retimi, klorlu dk molekler ktleli hidrokarbonlarn yksek scaklkta klorlanmas ile mmkndr. Endstriyel amalar iin ilem nemlidir: 1. Trikloretilen yoluyla asetilenden retim … 2. Oksiklorlama yoluyla etilen veya 1,2-dikloroetandan retim … ve 3. C1-C3 hidrokarbonlardan veya klorlu hidrokarbonlardan yksek scaklkta retim Perkloretilen (Perkloretilen) esas olarak hidrokarbonlarn veya 1,2 dikloroetan, propilen, propilen diklorr, 1,1 gibi klorlu hidrokarbonlarn oksihidroklorinasyonu, perklorinasyonu ve / veya dehidroklorinasyonu ile retilir.2-tri-kloroetan ve asetilen.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) ABD`de u snflarda mevcuttur: saflatrlm, teknik, USP, spektrofotometrik ve kuru temizleme. Teknik ve kuru temizleme snflar hem teknik snf spesifikasyonlarn karlar hem de yalnzca bozunmay nlemek iin eklenen stabilizr miktarnda farkllk gsterir. Stabilizatrler … aminler veya epoksitler ve esterlerin karmlar dahil. Ticari snfn tipik analizi … uucu olmayan kalnt,% 0.0003; serbest klor, yok; nem, -5 C`de bulut yok … USP snf en az% 99,0 ve en fazla% 99,5 Perkloretilen (Perkloretilen) ierir, geri kalan etanolden oluur. Analit: Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen); Matris: Hava; rnekleyici: Kat sorbent tp (hindistan cevizi kabuu kmr, 100 mg / 50 mg); Ak hz: 0.01-0.2 l / dak; Hacim: min: 0.2 @ 100 ppm, maks: 40; Kararllk: belirlenmedi. Perkloroetilenin (Perkloretilen) kullanmnda ve tanmasnda karlalan en byk tehlikeler, toksikolojik zelliklerinden kaynaklanmaktadr. Bu renksiz svya maruz kalma, bir zc olarak ve kimyasal sentezlerde bir ara rn olarak kullanmndan kaynaklanabilir. Sv perkloretilen (Perkloretilen) ile temastan kaynaklanan gz ve deri iltihabna ek olarak, buharnn solunmas merkezi sinir sistemi depresyonuna, karacier nekrozuna ve akcier, kalp ve bbrek zerinde etkilere neden olabilir. Perkloroetilenin (Perkloretilen) tatl kloroform benzeri kokusu, 4.68 ppm alt TLV seviyesinde varln uyarabilir; ancak Perkloretilen`in (Perkloretilen) kendine zg kokusu mutlaka yeterli uyar salamaz. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) koku alma tepkilerini hzla duyarszlatrd iin, kiiler onu koklamadan TLV snrlarn aan buhar konsantrasyonlarna maruz kalabilirler. Maruz kalmay nlemek iin, zellikle yangn veya dklme durumlarnda bamsz solunum cihaz ve tam koruyucu giysi giyilmesi nerilir. Yanc olmad dnlmesine ramen, Perkloretilen (Perkloretilen) kaplar bir yangnn ssnda patlayabilir ve buhar ak alevler veya krmz stlm malzemelerle temas ettiinde ayrarak zehirli gaz, fosgen verir. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) ieren kk yangnlar iin kuru kimyasal veya CO2 ile sndrn ve byk yangnlar iin su spreyi, sis veya kpk kullann. Kaplar suyla soutun. Yangnda bir tank arabas veya kamyon varsa, alan her ynden 1/2 mil kadar izole edin. Perkloretilen (Perkloretilen), gl oksitleyicilerden, potansiyel yangn tehlikelerinden, kostik soda, potas ve baryum, lityum ve berilyum gibi kimyasal olarak aktif metallerden uzakta, serin, kuru, iyi havalandrlan bir yerde saklanmaldr. Kk Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) dklmeleri iin, alan havalandrn ve ardndan vermiklit, kuru kum veya toprakla aln. Byk dkntler daha sonra imha edilmek zere dikilmelidir. Atk kalntlarnn (atk amur dahil) arazide bertaraf edilmesini uygulamadan nce, rehberlik iin evresel dzenleyici kurumlara dann. 17 denekte gzlerde, burunda veya boazda tahri ve merkezi sinir sistemi depresyonu, 685 mg Perkloroetilene (Perkloretilen) maruz brakld. cu m hava bana. Koordinasyon, maruziyetten sonraki 3 saat iinde bozuldu.D039; Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) ieren bir atk, Kaynak Koruma ve Geri Kazanm Yasas (RCRA) ynetmeliklerinde ngrld zere Toksisite Karakteristik Li Prosedr tarafndan test edildikten sonra tehlikeli bir atk olarak tanmlanabilir veya tanmlanmayabilir. Perkloroetilende safszlk olarak% 0,5 trikloroetilen varl (Perkloretilen) kat sodyum hidroksit zerinde stlmadan kurutma srasnda dikloroasetilen oluumuna neden olmutur. Sonraki fraksiyonel damtmadan sonra, uucu n alma patlad. Sistematik adyla da bilinen Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) veya perkloroetilen ve dier birok ad (ve “perc” veya “PERC” ve “PCE” gibi ksaltmalar) Cl2C = CCl2 formlne sahip bir klorokarbondur. Kumalarn kuru temizliinde yaygn olarak kullanlan renksiz bir svdr, bu nedenle bazen “kuru temizleme svs” olarak adlandrlr. ou insan tarafndan milyonda 1 para (1 ppm) konsantrasyonda alglanabilen tatl bir kokuya sahiptir. 1985 ylnda dnya apnda retim yaklak 1 milyon metrik ton (980.000 uzun ton; 1.100.000 ksa ton) idi. ou Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) hafif hidrokarbonlarn yksek scaklkta kloroliziyle retilir. Yntem, heksakloroetan retildii ve termal olarak ayrt iin Faraday`n kefi ile ilgilidir. [4] Yan rnler arasnda karbon tetraklorr, hidrojen klorr ve heksaklorobtadien bulunur.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) organik malzemeler iin mkemmel bir zcdr. Aksi takdirde uucu, olduka kararl ve yanc deildir. Bu nedenlerden dolay kuru temizlemede yaygn olarak kullanlmaktadr. Ayrca otomotiv ve dier metal ileme endstrilerinde, genellikle dier klorokarbonlarla karm halinde metal paralarn yadan arndrlmas iin kullanlr. Boya karclar ve leke karclar dahil birka tketici rnnde grlr. bent ayn zamanda aerosol preparatlarnda da kullanlr. bir ntrino`nun klor atomundaki bir ntron ile etkileime girdii ve onu argon oluturmak iin protona dntrd ntrino dedektrlerinde kullanlr.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) bir zamanlar yaygn olarak bir ara rn olarak kullanlmtr. HFC-134a ve ilgili soutucular. 20. yzyln balarnda, kancal kurt istilasnn tedavisi iin tetrakloroeten kullanlmtr. Perkloroetilenin (Perkloretilen) akut toksisitesi “orta ila dktr”. “Kuru temizleme ve ya gidermede yaygn kullanmna ramen insan yaralanmas raporlar nadirdir.” Uluslararas Kanser Aratrma Ajans, Perkloroetileni (Perkloretilen) Grup 2A kanserojen olarak snflandrmtr, bu da muhtemelen insanlar iin kanserojen olduu anlamna gelir. [9] Pek ok klorlu hidrokarbon gibi, Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) bir merkezi sinir sistemi depresandr ve solunum veya deri yoluyla maruziyet yoluyla vcuda girebilir. [10] Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) ciltteki yalar eriterek potansiyel olarak cilt tahriine neden olur. Hayvan almalar ve 99 ikiz zerinde yaplan bir alma, Perkloroetilene (Perkloretilen) maruz kalmann Parkinson hastalna yakalanma riskini dokuz kat artrdna dair “birok koullu kant” olduunu gsterdi. Daha byk poplasyon almalar planlanmaktadr. [11] Ayrca, Perkloroetilen`in (Perkloretilen) farelerde karacier tmrlerine ve erkek sanlarda bbrek tmrlerine neden olduu gsterilmitir.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) maruziyeti, kronik maruziyetten sonra belirgin kazanlm renk grme eksiklikleri ile ilikilendirilmitir.Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) yaygn bir toprak kirleticidir. 1`den daha byk bir zgl arlk ile, Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen), yeterli miktarlar salnrsa youn susuz faz svs (DNAPL) olarak mevcut olacaktr. Yeralt suyundaki hareketlilii, dk seviyelerdeki toksisitesi ve younluu (su tablasnn altna dmesine neden olan) nedeniyle, temizleme faaliyetleri petrol szntlarna gre daha zordur: petroln zgl arl 1`den azdr. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) kaynakl toprak ve yer alt suyu kirlilii yerinde iyiletirmeye odaklanmtr. Yer st muamelesi veya bertaraf iin kaz veya ekstraksiyon yerine, Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) kontaminasyonu, kimyasal ilem veya biyoremediasyon yoluyla baarl bir ekilde giderildi. Biyoremediasyon, Dehalococcoides sp. Tarafndan indirgeyici klorsuzlatrma yoluyla anaerobik koullar altnda baarl olmutur. ve aerobik koullar altnda Pseudomonas sp. [23] [24] tarafndan kometabolizma yoluyla Ksmi bozunma yavru rnleri arasnda trikloroetilen, cis-1,2-dikloroeten ve vinil klorr; tam bozunma Perkloretileni (Perkloretilen) etene ve suda znm hidrojen klorre dntrr Tahminler, retilen Perkloroetilenin (Perkloretilen)% 85`inin atmosfere salndn belirtir; OECD`den modeller% 90`nn havaya ve% 10`unun suya salndn varsayd. Bu modellere gre, ortamdaki dalmnn havada (% 76,39 -% 99,69), suda (% 0,23 -% 23,2), toprakta (% 0,06-7), geri kalan tortu ve biyotada olduu tahmin edilmektedir. . Atmosferdeki yaam sresi tahminleri deiiklik gsteriyor, ancak 1987`de yaplan bir anket havadaki mrnn Gney Yarmkre`de yaklak 2 ay ve Kuzey Yarmkre`de 5-6 ay olduunu tahmin ediyor. Bir laboratuvarda gzlemlenen bozunma rnleri arasnda fosgen, trikloroasetil klorr, hidrojen klorr, karbon dioksit ve karbon monoksit bulunur. Perchloroethylene (Perkloroetilen) hidrolizle bozulur ve aerobik koullar altnda kalcdr. Anaerobik koullar altnda, trikloroetilen, dikloroetilen, vinil klorr, etilen ve etan gibi bozunma rnleri ile indirgeyici klorsuzlatrma ile bozulur [25]. CFC-11 (CCl3F) 1 olduunda 0,005 ozon tketme potansiyeline sahiptir.