POLYALUMINIUM CHLORIDE YELLOW (POLALMNYUM KLORR SARI)

POLYALUMINIUM CHLORIDE YELLOW (POLALMNYUM KLORR SARI)

POLYALUMINIUM CHLORIDE YELLOW (POLALÜMNYUM KLORÜR SARI)

 

CAS No. : 1327-41-9

EC No. : 215-477-2

 

 

Synonyms:

Light Yellow Poly Aluminium Chloride; PAC; PAC Powder; Potable Water Chemicals; APP 201; Aluminum oxychloride; Aluminum chlorohydra; ALUMINIUMCHLORHYDRATE; aluminiumchlorohydrate; ALUMINUM CHLOROHYDRATE; ALUMINIUM POLYCHLORIDE; Aluminum chloride, basic; Aluminiumhydroxychlorid8; Aluminum hydroxychloride; ACH 325; ACH 331; ACH 7-321; Aloxicoll; Aluminol ACH; Aluminum chlorhydrate; Aluminum chlorhydroxide; Aluminum chloride hydroxide; Aluminum chloride hydroxide oxide, basic; Aluminum chloride oxide; Aluminum chlorohydrol; Aluminum chlorohydroxide; Aluminum hydroxide chloride; Aluminum hydroxychloride; Aluminum sesquichlorohydrate; Aquarhone 18; Astringen; Astringen 10; Banoltan White; Basic aluminum chloride; Basic aluminum chloride, hydrate; Berukotan AC-P; Cartafix LA; Cawood 5025; Chlorhydrol; Chlorhydrol Micro-Dry; Chlorhydrol Micro-Dry SUF; Dialuminium-chlorid-pentahydroxid; E 200; E 200 (coagulant); EC 215-477-2; EINECS 215-477-2; Gelsica; Hessidrex WT; HPB 5025; Hydral; Hydrofugal; Kempac 10; Kempac 20; Kemwater PAX 14; Locron; Locron P; Locron S; Nalco 8676; OCAL; Oulupac 180; PAC; PAC (salt); PAC 250A; PAC 250AD; PACK 300M; Paho 2S; PALC; Sansudor; UNII-UCN889409V; Wickenol cps 325; aloxicoll; aluminium chlorhydroxide; aluminium chloride basic; aluminium chloride hydroxide (2:1:5); aluminium chloride hydroxide oxide basic; aluminium chlorohydrate anhydrous; aluminium chlorohydrate anhydrous USP; aluminium hydroxide chloride; aluminium hydroxychloride; aluminium oxychloride; aluminium sesquichlorohydrate; aluminol ACH; aluminum chlorhydroxide; aluminum chloride basic; aluminum chloride hydroxide (2:1:5); aluminum chloride hydroxide oxide basic; aluminum chlorohydrate anhydrous USP; aluminum hydroxide chloride; aluminum hydroxychloride; aluminum oxychloride; aluminum sesquichlorohydrate; aquarhone 18; astringen; banoltan white; berukotan AC-P; cartafix LA; cawood 5025; chlorhydrol; dialuminium chloride pentahydroxide; dialuminum chloride pentahydroxide; gelsica; hessidrex WT; hydral; hydrofugal; kempac 10; kempac 20; kemwater PAX 14; locron; nalco 8676; oulupac 180; paho 2S; wickenol CPS 325; Aluminum chlorhydroxide; Aluminum chloride basic; Aluminum chloride hydroxide; Aluminum chlorohydrate; Aluminum chlorohydroxide Aluminum hydroxychloride; Basic aluminum chloride; PAC; Polyaluminum hydroxychloride; Polyhydroxoaluminum chloride; Aluminum chloride, basic; Berukotan AC-P; Cartafix LA; Cawood 5025; Chlorhydrol; Chlorhydrol Micro-Dry; Chlorhydrol Micro-Dry SUF; Dialuminium-chlorid-pentahydroxid; E 200; E 200 (coagulant); EC 215-477-2; EINECS 215-477-2; Gelsica; Hessidrex WT; HPB 5025; Hydral; Hydrofugal; Kempac 10; Kempac 20; Kemwater PAX 14; Locron; Locron P; Locron S; Nalco 8676; OCAL; Oulupac 180; PAC; PAC (salt); PAC 250A; PAC 250AD; PACK 300M; Paho 2S; PALC; Sansudor; UNII-UCN889409V; Wickenol cps 325; aloxicoll; aluminium chlorhydroxide; aluminium chloride basic; aluminium chloride hydroxide (2:1:5); aluminium chloride hydroxide oxide basic; aluminium chlorohydrate anhydrous; aluminium chlorohydrate anhydrous USP; aluminium hydroxide chloride; aluminium hydroxychloride; aluminium oxychloride; aluminium sesquichlorohydrate; aluminol ACH; aluminum chlorhydroxide; aluminum chloride basic; aluminum chloride hydroxide (2:1:5); aluminum chloride hydroxide oxide basic; aluminum chlorohydrate anhydrous USP; aluminum hydroxide chloride; aluminum hydroxychloride; aluminum oxychloride; aluminum sesquichlorohydrate; aquarhone 18; astringen; banoltan white; berukotan AC-P; cartafix LA; cawood 5025; chlorhydrol; dialuminium chloride pentahydroxide; dialuminum chloride pentahydroxide; gelsica; hessidrex WT; hydral; hydrofugal; kempac 10; kempac 20; kemwater PAX 14; locron; nalco 8676; oulupac 180; paho 2S; wickenol CPS 325; Aluminum chlorhydroxide; Aluminum chloride basic; Aluminum chloride hydroxide; Light Yellow Poly Aluminium Chloride; PAC; PAC Powder; Potable Water Chemicals; APP 201;Aluminum oxychloride;Aluminum chlorohydra; ALUMINIUMCHLORHYDRATE; aluminiumchlorohydrate; ALUMINUM CHLOROHYDRATE; ALUMINIUM POLYCHLORIDE; Aluminum chloride, basic; Aluminiumhydroxychlorid8; Aluminum hydroxychloride; ACH 325; ACH 331; ACH 7-321; Aloxicoll; Aluminol ACH; Aluminum chlorhydrate; Aluminum chlorhydroxide; Aluminum chloride hydroxide; Aluminum chloride hydroxide oxide, basic; Aluminum chloride oxide; Aluminum chlorohydrol; Aluminum chlorohydroxide; Aluminum hydroxide chloride; Aluminum hydroxychloride; Aluminum sesquichlorohydrate; Aquarhone 18; Astringen; Astringen 10; Banoltan White; Basic aluminum chloride; Basic aluminum chloride, hydrate; Berukotan AC-P; Cartafix LA; Cawood 5025; Chlorhydrol; Chlorhydrol Micro-Dry; Chlorhydrol Micro-Dry SUF; Dialuminium-chlorid-pentahydroxid; E 200; E 200 (coagulant); EC 215-477-2; EINECS 215-477-2; Gelsica; Hessidrex WT; HPB 5025; Hydral; Hydrofugal; Kempac 10; Kempac 20; Kemwater PAX 14; Locron; Locron P; Locron S; Nalco 8676; OCAL; Oulupac 180; PAC; PAC (salt); PAC 250A; PAC 250AD; PACK 300M; Paho 2S; PALC; yellow Polyaluminium Chloride

 

 

Polyaluminium Chloride Yellow

 

 

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is easy to be damp when it is exposed in the air.

Strong electric neutralization of colloidal substance in water.

The solid pac water solution have the good adsorption bridging function for suspended solids in water.

Selective adsorption of soluble substances.

Effectively remove the color matter, SS, COD, BOD and arsenic(As), mercury(Hg) and other heavy metal ions of the drinking & potable water.

Application Method of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

Polyaluminium chloride should be used after solid pac dissolves in water(pac liquid). Dilution ratio generally is: PAC Solid 2%~20% products (in weight percentages)

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) dosing generally is: 1~15 kilograms per ton, the specific dosing on the basis of the user’s lab jar test with their field dosing effect.

Storage of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

Solid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) shelf time is 2 years; should be stored in airy and dry place.

Solid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) still can be used after the poly aluminium chloride is affected by moisture.

Polyaluminium Chloride can not be mixed storage with other chemicals.

Package of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

Be packed in polypropylene woven bag with plastic liner, 25kg/bag

Solid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) package printing content provided as your requirement.

Why the color is different between Polyaluminium Chloride, even between the grades of one company’s product?

Generally speaking, there are three main colors of Polyaluminium Chloride(PAC): white, yellow and brown. The main reason of presenting different colors is the various raw material and producing method.

White polyaluminium Chloride

White polyaluminium chloride is also called high purity non-ferric polyaluminium chloride, or food grade polyaluminium chloride. Compared with other grades, white PAC is the top quality grade. The main raw material is aluminium hydrate powder and HCl. The producing method is spray drying method which is the most advance in China. The white polyaluminium chloride is using for papermaking sizing agent, sugar clarifiant, leather tanning, pharmacy, investment castings and water treatment.

Related words: milky white polyaluminium chloride

Yellow polyaluminium Chloride

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is the grade between white polyaluminium chloride and brown polyaluminium chloride. The raw material is calcium aluminate, HCl and bauxite. Plate and frame filter press method, drum drying method and spray drying method is the producing method and main forms are powder and plate-shaped. The main application is sewage treatment and drinking water treatment. Due to the strict restriction on heavy metal in drinking water treatment, from raw material to producing method, yellow polyaluminium chloride is more advanced than brown polyaluminium chloride.

Related words: light yellow polyaluminium chloride, golden yellow polyaluminium

Brown Polyaluminium Chloride

Brown polyaluminium chloride is the primary grade and it is mainly used in sewage treatment. Its producing method is drum drying method. Calcium aluminate, HCl, bauxite and ferrous powder is the raw material. Adding ferrous powder results its presenting brown color. The more ferrous powder adding in, the deeper color it is. The ferrous powder reaches certain percentage, the product can be called polyaluminium ferric chloride(PAFC).

Product information of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar):

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is high-efficient ,cheap and nontoxic inorganic high molecular compound. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is easily soluble in water. In the hydrolytic process, Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is accompanied with the chemical processes such as electrochemistry, coagulation, absorption and precipitation.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) has the features inculding wide applicable range of PH value ,large granule ,and quick speed in sedimentation. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is widely used in treating the domestic drinking water ,domestic sewage and industrial waste water .

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) (PAC) is a new type high efficiency inorganic polymer coagulant, adopting advanced manufacturing technique and quality raw material, show the features of low impurity, high molecula weight, and superior coagulating effect.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) Properties

1. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)s dosage lower than aluminum sulfate (based on Al2O3) and water treatment cost is lower than other inorganic flocculants.

2. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) can cause quick formation of flocs, big flocs formation and rapid precipitation. Its treatment capacity is 1.3-3.0 times of other inorganic flocculants.

3. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) enjoys wide-range adaptability for different-temperature source water and a good solubility.

4. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is slightly corrosive and easy for operation.

5. The liquid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is suitable for automatic dosing. Furthermore, it will not block pipes over long-time usage.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) Features:

1) Spray dry type, lower water insolubles

2) Used for drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment

3) Appearance: Light yellow powder

4) Al2O3: 30% (min. )

5) Basicity: 50.0% ~ 90.0%

6) Insolubles: 1.0% (max. )

7) pH (1% water solution): 3.5 ~ 5.0

8) SO42-: 3.5% (max. )

Description of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar):

This product is high-effective inorganic polymer coagulant.

Description of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar):

Polyaluminium Choride is light yellow color powder coagulant which is mainly used for WTP drinking water treatment.

Polyaluminium Choride is spray dryer type, high viscostiy of 70-80%, high coagulation in high turbidity water treatment.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) (PAC) is a new type high efficiency inorganic polymer coagulant, adopting advanced manufacturing technique and quality raw material, show the features of low impurity, high molecula weight, and superior coagulating effect.

It is also widely applied in water purification, wastewater treatment, precision cast, paper production, pharmaceutical industry and daily chemicals.

Advantage of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar):

1. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)s purifying effect on low-temperature, low-turbidity and heavily organic-polluted raw water is much better than other organic flocculant, furthermore, the treatment cost is lowered by 20%-80%.

2. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) can lead to quick formation of flocculant (especially at low temperature) with big size and rapid precipitation service life of cellular filter of sedimentation basin.

3. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) can adapt to a wide range of pH value (5-9), and can reduce the pH value and basicity after processing.

4. The dosage is smaller than that of other flocculants. It has wide adaptability to the waters at different temperatures and at different regions.

5. Higher basicity, lower corrosive, easy for operation, and long-term use of non-occlusion.

Properties of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar):

1 Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)s dosage lower than aluminum sulfate (based on Al2O3) and water treatment cost is lower than other inorganic flocculants.

2 Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) can cause quick formation of flocs, big flocs formation and rapid precipitation. Its treatment capacity is 1.3-3.0 times of other inorganic flocculants.

3 Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) enjoys wide-range adaptability for different-temperature source water and a good solubility.

4 Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is slightly corrosive and easy for operation.

5 The liquid product is suitable for automatic dosing. Furthermore, it will not block pipes over long-time Polyaluminium Chloride

6 Low acidity is lower than other inorganic coagulants.

Package and Storage of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar):

1. Be pakced in polypropylene woven bag with plastic liner, 25kg/bag

2. Useful life is 2 years, should be stored in airy and dry place

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is an inorganic high-molecule polymer with some cementitious property. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) can be used as the binder of refractory coating, ultra-pure alumina products and refractory concrete material. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is a multivalent, polyhydroxy electrolyte and can be seen as the intermediate product of the hydrolysis of AlCl3 into Al (OH) 3. The colloidal nucleus contains positive charge with the hydrolysis product being acidic. The composition of these products is the mixed system of various kinds of aqueous complexes in certain ratio under certain conditions. Its expression formula is [Al2 (OH) n • Cl6-n] m, wherein n = 1-5, m≤10. Owing to the difference in the preparation and performance, Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) can also be called as hydroxy aluminum chloride, basic aluminum chloride, and polymeric alumina. The main index of physical and chemical properties includes alkalinity, pH value, Al2O3 content and the relative density. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is rich in raw materials and has low cost without causing decrease of the refractoriness of refractory concrete. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) also has strong activity at high temperatures and can be hardened at room temperature when doped with small quantities of accelerators and thus is promising cement material.

Coagulant

Coagulant is a kind of chemical agent which can promote the coagulation and flocculation effect of the colloidal particles in water and accelerate the formation of coarse particles, thus making it be easier to be subject to fast sedimentation or filtration.

Coagulants include coagulant, flocculants, and coagulant aid agent. These nouns currently have no strict uniform definition and boundaries. Coagulants and flocculants, and coagulant aid agent are often mixed for application.

Commonly used coagulant includes alum, Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar), activated silicic acid, polyacrylamide, magnesium alumina, ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride, etc. The combination between Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) and alum can give the best efficacy.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is a new type of inorganic polymer coagulant with its fundamental difference with the traditional inorganic coagulant being that the traditional inorganic coagulant is crystalline salt with low molecular weight while the structure of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) consists of multi-shaped multivariate carboxyl complex. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) has a rapid flocculation and sedimentation speed, wide applicable range of PH value, and is non-corrosive to plumbing with a very significant water purification effect. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) can effectively remove the water color quality SS, COD, BOD, and arsenic, mercury and other heavy metal ions. This product is widely used in drinking water, industrial water and wastewater treatment, it has the following characteristics:

1. The water purified form Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) has a higher quality than the water purified from inorganic coagulant such as ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate. The cost of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) in purifying water is also relatively low.

2. Both the formation rate of floc unit and the settlement rate are high. It also has a greater processing capability than traditional flocculant such as ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate.

3. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) has a stronger adaption capability on the temperature, turbidity and the alkalinity of the water source than traditional flocculant such as ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate.

4. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) has a wide adaptation pH range for the source of water with being able to exert coagulation effect from the range of PH5.0-9.0 with the best results occurring at PH6.5-7.5.

5. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) has a small corrosion effect and a good operating condition.

6. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) has a better solubility than ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate.

7. After the treatment, the residue of aluminum and salt in water is small which facilitates the handling and preparation of ion exchange.

The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng.

Performance of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

The main physical and chemical properties of the Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) are demonstrated from alkalized degree, pH value, Al2O3 content and density.

Alkalized degree (B) and pH: alkalized degree means the degree of Cl-(in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)) being substituted by OH-; it is generally represented using the ratio of the hydroxyl group percentage over aluminum, namely, B = [OH]/3 [Al] × 100%.

Many features of the Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) are closely related to its alkalized degree including the degree of polymerization, pH, storage stability and the cementing property of being used as a cementing agent. But we should note that the alkalized degree only represents a statistical average value from the mixture containing various kinds of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) with different degrees of polymerization.

The pH value of the liquid Poly aluminium was similar with its alkalized degree. However, these two parameters don’t have exactly the same meaning. The alkalized degree indicates the number of hydroxyl groups bound within the poly aluminium structure while the pH value of the solution indicates the number of the free hydroxyl ions OH. But, anyway, the pH value of the poly aluminium solution generally increases with increased alkalized degree.

Uses of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is one kind of refractory binder. It is a kind of aluminum hydroxide sol made from aluminum-containing material or aluminum metal which subject to several chemical/physical treatment steps such as hydrochloric acid dissolution, hydrolysis, and polymerization. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) can be taken as the intermediate of the hydrolysis process of AlCl3 into Al(OH)3 and therefore the hydrolysis solution is acidic. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is also known as hydroxy aluminum or basic aluminum chloride with the chemical formula being [Al2 (OH) nCl6-n] m, wherein if the n is close to or equal to 6, it can be called as alumina sol. Applying Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) as a binding agent of loose refractory will not affect its refractoriness. The Al2O3 generated during the dehydration and decomposition of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) during the heating process is a kind of active alumina oxide with high-degree of dispersion which can facilitate the sintering, and thus being suitable for being used as the refractory binder.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) can be used for non-firing or fired to generate refractory products, fire-resistant plastic, and the binding agent of ramming and casting. When being used as the binding agent of monolithic refractory, it has certain requirement on both the alkalinity and density with Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) with either too low or too high bond strength not good. In general, Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) with alkalized degree being within 46% to 72% and the density being within 1.17~1.23kg/m3 has a good binding strength. When used as the binding agent of refractory casting, it can be used for synthesizing Magnesium aluminium spinel, electronic melting MgO and as the coagulation accelerator of cement. But when applying the Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) as unshaped refractory binder, because of its acidic solution (pH <5), it will have reaction with iron and iron-containing compounds contained in the refractory to release hydrogen and cause swelling of the material. Therefore, the preparation technology should contain aging step in order to avoid the swelling and further cracking of good molded product or lining.

It can be used for the purification process of drinking water as well as various kinds of industrial waste water.

As flocculants, it is mainly used for purifying drinking water and the treatment of special water such as removal of iron, fluorine, cadmium, radioactive contamination as well as floating oil. It can also be used for the treatment of industrial wastewater such as dyeing wastewater. Moreover, it can also be used for precision casting, pharmaceutical, paper, and leathering.

Chemical Properties of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is colorless or yellow resinous solid. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)s solution is a colorless or yellowish transparent liquid, sometimes exhibits as grayish black mucus due to impurities in it. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is easily soluble in water.

Production method of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

Boiling pyrolysis method: put the crystalline aluminum chloride for boiling and pyrolysis at 170 °C; the generated hydrogen chloride is absorbed by water to prepare 20% hydrochloric acid for recycling. Further add water to have a then added water for aging and polymerization at 60 ℃; Then further go through solidification, dryness, crush to obtain the solid finished product of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar).

Boiling pyrolysis method: put the aluminum ash (mainly composed of alumina and metal aluminum) into the reactor pre-supplied with washing water at a certain ratio, stir and slowly add hydrochloric acid for condensation reaction with curing and polymerization to a pH of 4.2 to 4.5 and the relative density of the solution being 1.2. Conduct sedimentation to obtain a liquid poly aluminum chloride. The liquid product was subject to dilution and filtering, concentration by evaporation, drying to obtain the solid poly aluminum chloride products.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is an acidic solution. Classified as corrosive at higher concentrations, it is typically yellow in colour. Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is miscible with water at all concentrations although dilute solutions hydrolyse to precipitate Aluminium Hydroxide (Al(OH)3). Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is not a single product, but a spectrum of polymers which are characterised by their strength (usually in % Al2O3) and basicity – the latter gives an indication of the polymeric composition of PAC.

Clay-brine process employing activated clay, NaCl, HCl, and HF as raw materials is the primarily advanced technology to synthesize cryolite in the present industrial grade. However, plenty of byproducts of fluorine-containing waste HCl at the concentration of about 10%~12% could not be utilized comprehensively and are even hazardous to the environment. This work proposed a new two-step technology to prepare inorganic polymer flocculants polyaluminium chloride (Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)) from synthetic cryolite mother liquor. Many specific factors such as the variety of aluminide source, reaction temperature and time, reagent ratio, and manner of alkaline addition were taken into consideration and their influences on the performances of produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) were discussed. It was found that synthetic cryolite mother liquor could react with bauxite and calcium aluminate directly to prepare cheap Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar), with plenty amount of water insoluble CaF2 and CaSiF6 produced as well. However, once HCl was introduced into synthetic cryolite mother liquor as well as by utilizing bauxite as aluminide source and sodium aluminate as adjusting basicity agent, the resultant Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) would dissolve out higher amount of aluminum while producing little amount of water insoluble materials. The coagulation behavior of the specially produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) could even match the industrial grade Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) conforming to national standard.

Preparation of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) from Synthetic Cryolite Mother Liquor

Certain amount of synthetic cryolite mother liquor was added into a three-neck flask with a condenser firstly. After the temperature of the flask was heated to 70°C in oil bath, certain amount of bauxite was added into the system step by step. The reaction should continue for 1 h after the temperature increases to 100°C. Then alkaline polymerization adjusting agent (APA, calcium aluminate powder, or sodium aluminate powder) was added into the above reaction system gradually to adjust pH value. The addition speed of APA depended on pH value of the system: when pH value was lower than 2.7, the speed can be fast, but when it was over 2.7, the speed should be slow until it increased to 3.5~3.8 further. At this point, APA should not be added into the system any more. After all these operations, the reaction is kept for another 1.5 h at 100°C. Then the reaction should be suspended immediately via halting both the vigorous stirring and oil bath heating followed by coagulating the system for 12 h using the residual heat of oil bath. Liquid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) was obtained after the filtering of the upper clear liquid of the already stewed reaction suspension. And solid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) was finally obtained after the initial liquid Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) was dried at 105°C.

2.2.2. Basicity of the Produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

OH- is the basic component influencing the morphology of polyaluminium chloride [6-9] whose index in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is measured by basicity (B). According to GB 15892-2003 (water treatment chemical-polyaluminium chloride) [10], basicity can be measured. The mol percentage of OH and Al in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is defined as basicity and this parameter can reflect the degree of polymerization of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) to some extent, which affects the coagulation performances of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar). Basicity can be calculated according to the following during the fabrication process of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar):

Characterization of the Produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

The produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) solution was dehydrated at 105°C and made powder sample for structure analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was measured for the determination of crystalline phases in solid coagulants using D/max-rA X-ray diffractometer with Cu K radiation in the range of 3° to 80° at a scan rate of 8°/min. The solid produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) was analyzed by FT-IR with the Perkin Elmer spectrum 100 FT-IR spectrophotometer and potassium bromide pellet method. The spectra were scanned in the range of 4000 to 500 cm-1.

In order to confirm that Fe in bauxite can be abundantly dissolved out in acid leaching process, SCML and HCl mixed acid was proposed to leach bauxite. XRD results of the crystal obtained from the dried leaching solution indicated that the main components of this crystal contained SiF4, AlCl3·6H2O, and Na2Al22O34 (Figure 4). Thus, it was clear that Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) prepared from SCML was rather different from industrial grade Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar). Instead, it was made up of multiple crystal phases and components and AlCl3, FeCl3, SiF4, and H2SiO3 were especially typical. The plural gel formed by the polymerization of these components might show synergism effect on the coagulation characteristic of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

The existence of small amount of silica sol (also ludox) not only could promote the coagulating process of water as well as improving the structure of precipitation particles, but also could increase their weight, accelerating the formation and precipitation of precipitation particles. Therefore, silica sol could also function as coagulant aid. Unlike the large amount of positive charge of Al13 as key component of flocculation agent of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar), the surface of silica gel particles was filled with negative charge instead. Thus, these two kinds of particles with totally opposite charge would allure each other to get absorbed. Meanwhile, silica gel could also absorb other scattered colloidal particles with positive charge, strengthening the coagulating effect accordingly [15, 17, 21, 22].

From the above discussion, it was found that the produced Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) by SCML (Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML) was rather different from common industrial grade Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) (Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG). Except for the relative strong coagulating character, it was a kind of composite flocculant containing certain amount of Fe and Si, which could be treated as the compound of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar), polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC), and polysilicate (PSi) [18-20, 23]. Besides, FT-IR spectra of this special Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) showed much difference from that of common Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) as indicated in Figure 5.

The possible chemical bonds in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML (Sample C) were investigated by the FT-IR spectra and were compared with Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG (Figure 5). The two samples showed similar FT-IR spectra. Both spectra exhibited a broad absorption peak in the range of 3200-3650 cm-1 (3390 cm-1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML and 3430 cm-1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG), which could be assigned to the stretching vibrations of -OH groups. The peaks in the range of 1600-1700 cm-1 (1628 cm-1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML and 1636 cm-1 Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG) were attributed to the bending vibrations of water absorbed, polymerized, and crystallized in the coagulant. The Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG was not a pure substance, which also contains some iron ions. The peak at 1098 cm-1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML and the peak at 1090 cm-1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG were attributed to the asymmetric stretching vibration of Fe-OH-Fe or Al-OH-Al; furthermore, there were two peaks at 778 cm-1 and 640 cm-1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML and two peaks at 770 cm-1 and 578 cm-1 for Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG, which were attributed to bending vibrations of Fe-OH and Al-OH, respectively [24-28].

As indicated in the flocculation results in Table 3, the coagulation effect of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG was much better than that of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML for simulated diatomite water with low turbidity. However, the coagulation effect of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML had distinguished advantages over that of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG for simulated diatomite water with high turbidity, which might originate from the formation of PAFC and PSi with strengthening coagulation effect in acid leaching process. Moreover, the small amount of water insoluble CaF2 and CaSiF6 in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML could also benefit the coagulating reaction for high turbidity water.

The CODCr removal of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML and Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG both achieved the minimum at 60 mg/L dosage while Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML was relatively superior to Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG for oily sewage from Liaohe Oilfield, and the same law was presented for turbidity removal.

The results suggested that despite the small difference in alumina content between Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML and Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG, Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML was superior to Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG in both the comprehensive coagulating character and manufacturing cost due to the certain amount of Fe and Si in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML.

Conclusions

The preparation of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) coagulant from synthetic cryolite mother liquor from clay-brine process (Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML) with advanced performances compared with conventional industrial grade Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) (Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG) coagulant was achieved. Reaction conditions including the choice of leaching acid and alkaline polymerization adjusting agent, the pH value, and the reaction temperature and reaction time were thoroughly studied to optimize the coagulation performances and minimize the insoluble solid in water of the prepared coagulant. The optimized technique to prepare Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML was that adjusting the concentration of HCl in synthetic cryolite mother liquor to 18% with the industrial grade HCl (the concentration about 32% to 36% in general) firstly, and then adding the needed bauxite. Then the acid leaching reaction was kept for 1~2 h at 80~100°C and sodium aluminate was consequently added to adjust pH value to 3.5~3.8. The whole technology would be completed after a 24 h coagulation process. The coagulation performances tested showed that Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML is better than Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-IG in turbidity removal at high turbidity simulated diatomite water and in CODCr removal at real oily wastewater. Both XRD and FT-IR results confirmed that there existed certain amount of Fe and Si in Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML, which could combine Al to form multiple nuclear inorganic polymer and make the resultant Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)-SCML possess advanced coagulating performances. This technology will become an effective way to treat the large amount of waste acid solution in cryolite fabrication process.

 

 

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is a group of specific aluminum salts having the general formula AlnCl(3n-m)(OH)m. It is used in cosmetics as an antiperspirant and as a coagulant in water purification.

In water purification, this compound is preferred in some cases because of its high charge, which makes it more effective at destabilizing and removing suspended materials than other aluminum salts such as aluminium sulfate, aluminium chloride and various forms of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) (PAC) and polyaluminium chlorisulfate, in which the aluminum structure results in a lower net charge than Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar). Further, the high degree of neutralization of the HCl results in minimal impact on treated water pH when compared to other aluminium and iron salts.

Uses of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is one of the most common active ingredients in commercial antiperspirants.[1] The variation most commonly used in deodorants and antiperspirants is Al2Cl(OH)5.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is also used as a coagulant in water and wastewater treatment processes to remove dissolved organic matter and colloidal particles present in suspension.

Safety of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers the use of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) in antiperspirants to be safe and it is permitted in concentrations up to 25%.[2]

Alzheimer’s disease

Studies have found only a negligible association between exposure to and long-term use of antiperspirants and Alzheimer’s disease.[3] There is no adequate evidence that exposure to aluminium in antiperspirants leads to progressive dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.[4]

Heather M. Snyder, the senior associate director of medical and scientific relations for the Alzheimer’s Association, has stated, “There was a lot of research that looked at the link between Alzheimer’s and aluminum, and there hasn’t been any definitive evidence to suggest there is a link”.[5]

Breast cancer

The International Journal of Fertility and Women’s Medicine found no evidence that certain chemicals used in underarm cosmetics increase the risk of breast cancer.[6] Ted S. Gansler, the director of medical content for the American Cancer Society, stated “There is no convincing evidence that antiperspirant or deodorant use increases cancer risk”.[5]

However, there is continued concern over the use of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) in cosmetics as the risk of toxic build up over time has not been ruled out.[7] The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) is currently designing a study to analyse the build up of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) via dermal penetration to assess the risk of toxic build up.[8]

Structure of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) is best described as an inorganic polymer and as such is difficult to structurally characterize. However, techniques such as gel permeation chromatography, X-ray crystallography and 27Al-NMR have been used in research by various groups including that of Nazar[9] and Laden[10] to show that the material is based on Al13 units with a Keggin ion structure and that this base unit then undergoes complex transformations to form larger poly-aluminum complexes.

Synthesis of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar)

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) can be commercially manufactured by reacting aluminum with hydrochloric acid. A number of aluminum-containing raw materials can be used, including aluminum metal, alumina trihydrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate and combinations of these. The products can contain by-product salts, such as sodium/calcium/magnesium chloride or sulfate.[11]

Because of the explosion hazard related to hydrogen produced by the reaction of aluminum metal with hydrochloric acid, the most common industrial practice is to prepare a solution of Polyaluminium chloride yellow (Polialüminyum klorür sar) (ACH) by reacting aluminum hydroxide with hydrochloric acid. The ACH product is reacted with aluminum ingots at 100 °C using steam in an open mixing tank. The Al to ACH ratio and the time of reaction allowed determines the polymer form of the PAC n to m ratio.

 

 

Polialüminyum Klorür Sar

 

 

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)snn havaya maruz kaldnda nemlenmesi kolaydr.

Sudaki koloidal maddenin güçlü elektriksel nötralizasyonu.

Kat pac su çözeltisi, sudaki askda kat maddeler için iyi adsorpsiyon köprüleme ilevine sahiptir.

Çözünür maddelerin seçici adsorpsiyonu.

çme ve içme suyundaki renk maddesi, SS, KO, BO ve arsenik (As), cva (Hg) ve dier ar metal iyonlarn etkili bir ekilde çkarn.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) Uygulama Yöntemi

Kat pac suda (pac likit) çözüldükten sonra Polialüminyum klorür kullanlmaldr. Seyreltme oran genel olarak öyledir: PAC Kat% 2 ~% 20 ürünler (arlk yüzdesi olarak)

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) dozaj genellikle: ton bana 1 ~ 15 kilogramdr, kullancnn saha dozaj etkisi ile laboratuar kavanoz testine dayal spesifik dozaj.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow saklanmas

Kat Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) raf süresi 2 yldr; havadar ve kuru bir yerde saklanmaldr.

Kat Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, poli alüminyum klorür nemden etkilendikten sonra da kullanlabilir.

Polyaluminium Chloride dier kimyasallarla kartrlamaz.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) paketi

Plastik astarl polipropilen dokuma torbada, 25kg / torba

Kat Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) paket bask içerii gereksiniminiz olarak salanr.

Polyaluminium Chloride’in rengi, bir irketin ürününün snflar arasnda bile neden farkl?

Genel olarak, Polialüminyum Klorürün (PAC) üç ana rengi vardr: beyaz, sar ve kahverengi. Farkl renklerin sunulmasnn temel nedeni, çeitli hammadde ve üretim yöntemidir.

Beyaz Polialüminyum Klorür

Beyaz Polialüminyum klorür ayn zamanda yüksek saflkta demir içermeyen Polialüminyum klorür veya gda snf Polialüminyum klorür olarak da adlandrlr. Dier snflarla karlatrldnda, beyaz PAC en yüksek kalitedir. Ana hammadde alüminyum hidrat tozu ve HCl’dir. Üretim yöntemi, Çin’de en gelimi olan püskürtmeli kurutma yöntemidir. Beyaz Polialüminyum klorür, kat yapmnda hal maddesi, eker artc, deri tabaklama, eczane, yatrm dökümleri ve su artma için kullanlmaktadr.

lgili kelimeler: süt beyaz Polialüminyum klorür

Sar Polialüminyum Klorür

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow), beyaz Polialüminyum klorür ile kahverengi Polialüminyum klorür arasndaki derecedir. Hammadde kalsiyum alüminat, HCl ve boksittir. Plaka ve çerçeve filtre pres yöntemi, tamburlu kurutma yöntemi ve püskürtmeli kurutma yöntemi üretim yöntemidir ve ana formlar toz ve plaka eklindedir. Ana uygulama kanalizasyon artma ve içme suyu artmadr. çme suyu artmnda, hammaddeden üretim yöntemine kadar ar metal üzerindeki kat kstlamalar nedeniyle, sar Polialüminyum klorür, kahverengi Polialüminyum klorürden daha gelimitir.

lgili kelimeler: açk sar Polialüminyum klorür, altn sars Polialüminyum

Kahverengi Polialüminyum Klorür

Kahverengi Polialüminyum klorür birincil snftr ve esas olarak kanalizasyon artmnda kullanlr. Üretim yöntemi tamburlu kurutma yöntemidir. Hammadde kalsiyum alüminat, HCl, boksit ve demir tozudur. Demir tozu eklemek, kahverengi rengini ortaya çkarr. Ne kadar çok demirli toz eklenirse, renk o kadar koyu olur. Demir tozu belirli bir yüzdeye ulatnda, ürün Polialüminyum ferrik klorür (PAFC) olarak adlandrlabilir.

Polyaluminium Chloride Yellow ürün bilgisi:

Polyaluminium Chloride Yellow, yüksek verimli, ucuz ve toksik olmayan inorganik yüksek moleküler bileiktir. Polyaluminium Chloride Yellow, suda kolayca çözünür. Hidrolitik süreçte Polyaluminium Chloride Yellow’a elektrokimya, phtlama, absorpsiyon ve çökelme gibi kimyasal süreçler elik eder.

Polyaluminium Chloride Yellow, geni bir PH deeri aral, geni granül ve sedimantasyonda hzl hz içeren özelliklere sahiptir. Polyaluminium Chloride Yellow, evsel içme suyu, evsel atk su ve endüstriyel atk sularn artlmasnda yaygn olarak kullanlmaktadr.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (PAC), gelimi üretim teknii ve kaliteli hammaddeyi benimseyen, düük safszlk, yüksek molekül arl ve üstün phtlama etkisi gösteren yeni tip yüksek verimli bir inorganik polimer phtlatrcdr.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) Özellikler

1. Polialüminyum klorür, alüminyum sülfattan (Al2O3’e göre) daha düük dozajda sarar ve su artma maliyeti dier inorganik flokülantlardan daha düüktür.

2. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s hzl topak oluumuna, büyük topak oluumuna ve hzl çökelmeye neden olabilir. Artma kapasitesi dier inorganik flokülantlarn 1.3-3.0 katdr.

3. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, farkl scaklktaki kaynak sular için geni kapsaml uyarlanabilirlie ve iyi bir çözünürlüe sahiptir.

4. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s hafif andrcdr ve kullanm kolaydr.

5. Sv Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s otomatik dozlama için uygundur. Ayrca, uzun süreli kullanmda borular tkamayacaktr.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) Özellikler:

1) Sprey kuru tip, daha düük suda çözünmeyenler

2) çme suyu artm ve atk su artm için kullanlr

3) Görünüm: Açk sar toz

4) Al2O3:% 30 (min.)

5) Bazlk:% 50.0 ~% 90.0

6) Çözünmeyenler:% 1.0 (maks.)

7) pH (% 1 su çözeltisi): 3.5 ~ 5.0

8) SO42-:% 3,5 (maks.)

Polyaluminium chloride yellow açklamas:

Bu ürün, yüksek etkili inorganik polimer phtlatrcdr.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow açklamas:

Polyaluminium Choride, arlkl olarak WTP içme suyu artmnda kullanlan açk sar renkli toz phtlatrcdr.

Polyaluminium Choride sprey kurutucu tip,% 70-80 yüksek viskoziteli, yüksek bulanklk su artmnda yüksek koagülasyondur.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow (PAC), gelimi üretim teknii ve kaliteli hammaddeyi benimseyen, düük safszlk, yüksek molekül arl ve üstün phtlama etkisi gösteren yeni tip yüksek verimli bir inorganik polimer phtlatrcdr.

Su artma, atk su artma, hassas döküm, kat üretimi, ilaç endüstrisi ve günlük kimyasallarda da yaygn olarak kullanlmaktadr.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn avantaj:

1. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)larnn düük scaklk, düük bulanklk ve ar organik kirlenmi ham su üzerindeki arndrc etkisi dier organik flokülantlardan çok daha iyidir, ayrca artma maliyeti% 20 -% 80 orannda düürülür.

2. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, çökeltme havzasnn hücresel filtresinin büyük boyutu ve hzl çökeltme hizmet ömrü ile hzl flokülant oluumuna (özellikle düük scaklkta) yol açabilir.

3. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, geni bir pH deeri aralna (5-9) uyum salayabilir ve ilemden sonra pH deerini ve bazl düürebilir.

4. Dozaj, dier topaklatrclardan daha küçüktür. Farkl scaklklarda ve farkl bölgelerdeki sulara geni adaptasyon kabiliyetine sahiptir.

5. Daha yüksek baziklik, daha düük andrc, kullanm kolay ve uzun süreli tkanmama kullanm.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn özellikleri:

1 Polialüminyum klorür, alüminyum sülfattan (Al2O3 baznda) daha düük dozaj sarar ve su artma maliyeti dier inorganik flokülantlardan daha düüktür.

2 Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s hzl topak oluumuna, büyük topak oluumuna ve hzl çökelmeye neden olabilir. Artma kapasitesi dier inorganik flokülantlarn 1.3-3.0 katdr.

3 Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, farkl scaklktaki kaynak sular için geni kapsaml uyarlanabilirlie ve iyi bir çözünürlüe sahiptir.

4 Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s hafif andrcdr ve kullanm kolaydr.

5 Sv ürün, otomatik dozajlamaya uygundur. Ayrca, uzun süreli Polyaluminium Chloride borular tkamayacaktr.

6 Düük asitlik dier inorganik phtlatrclardan daha düüktür.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)snn Ambalaj ve Saklanmas:

1. 25 kg / torba plastik astarl polipropilen dokuma torbaya sarlr

2. Kullanm ömrü 2 yldr, havadar ve kuru yerde depolanmaldr.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, baz çimentolu özelliklere sahip inorganik yüksek moleküllü bir polimerdir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, refrakter kaplama, ultra saf alümina ürünleri ve refrakter beton malzemenin balaycs olarak kullanlabilir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, çok deerlikli, polihidroksi bir elektrolittir ve AlCl3’ün Al (OH) 3’e hidrolizinin ara ürünü olarak görülebilir. Koloidal çekirdek, hidroliz ürününün asidik olduu pozitif yük içerir. Bu ürünlerin bileimi, çeitli türlerdeki sulu komplekslerin belirli koullar altnda belirli oranlarda kartrlm sistemidir. fade formülü [Al2 (OH) n • Cl6-n] m’dir, burada n = 1-5, m <10. Hazrlama ve performans farkllndan dolay, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s ayrca hidroksi alüminyum klorür, bazik alüminyum klorür ve polimerik alümina olarak da adlandrlabilir. Fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerin ana indeksi, alkalinite, pH deeri, Al2O3 içerii ve bal younluu içerir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, hammadde bakmndan zengindir ve refrakter betonun refrakterliini azaltmadan maliyeti düüktür. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s ayrca yüksek scaklklarda güçlü bir aktiviteye sahiptir ve küçük miktarlarda hzlandrclarla katklandnda oda scaklnda sertleebilir ve bu nedenle çimento malzemesi umut vaat etmektedir.

Phtlatrc

Phtlatrc, koloidal partiküllerin sudaki phtlama ve flokülasyon etkisini artrabilen ve iri partiküllerin oluumunu hzlandran, böylece hzl sedimantasyona veya filtrasyona maruz kalmay kolaylatran bir tür kimyasal maddedir.

Phtlatrclar arasnda phtlatrc, topaklatrclar ve phtlatrc yardmc madde bulunur. Bu isimlerin u anda kesin bir tekdüze tanm ve snrlar yoktur. Phtlatrclar ve flokülantlar ve phtlatrc yardmc madde genellikle uygulama için kartrlr.

Yaygn olarak kullanlan phtlatrc, alum, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, aktif silisik asit, poliakrilamid, magnezyum alümina, demir sülfat ve demir klorür, vb. çerir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s ve alum arasndaki kombinasyon en iyi etkinlii verebilir.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, geleneksel inorganik phtlatrcdan temel fark, geleneksel inorganik phtlatrcnn düük moleküler arlkl kristalin tuz olmas ve Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn yapsnn çok ekilli çok deikenli karboksil kompleksinden olumas ile yeni bir inorganik polimer phtlatrc türüdür. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, hzl bir flokülasyon ve sedimantasyon hzna, geni bir PH deeri aralna sahiptir ve çok önemli bir su artma etkisiyle su tesisat için andrc deildir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, su rengi kalitesi SS, COD, BOD ve arsenik, cva ve dier ar metal iyonlarn etkili bir ekilde giderebilir. Bu ürün içme suyu, endüstriyel su ve atk su artmnda yaygn olarak kullanlmaktadr, aadaki özelliklere sahiptir:

1. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)sndan saflatrlm su, demir klorür ve alüminyum sülfat gibi inorganik phtlatrcdan saflatrlan sudan daha yüksek kaliteye sahiptir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn artma suyundaki maliyeti de nispeten düüktür.

2. Hem flok biriminin oluum hz hem de oturma oran yüksektir. Ayn zamanda demir klorür ve alüminyum sülfat gibi geleneksel flokülantlardan daha büyük bir ileme kapasitesine sahiptir.

3. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, demir klorür ve alüminyum sülfat gibi geleneksel flokülantlara göre su kaynann scakl, bulankl ve alkalinitesi üzerinde daha güçlü bir adaptasyon özelliine sahiptir.

4. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s su kayna için geni bir adaptasyon pH aralna sahiptir ve PH5.0-9.0 aralnda phtlama etkisi uygulayabilir ve en iyi sonuçlar PH6.5-7.5’te gerçekleir.

5. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s küçük bir korozyon etkisine ve iyi bir çalma durumuna sahiptir.

6. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, demir klorür ve alüminyum sülfattan daha iyi bir çözünürlüe sahiptir.

7. lemden sonra, sudaki alüminyum ve tuz kalnts küçüktür, bu da iyon deiiminin ilenmesini ve hazrlanmasn kolaylatrr.

Yukardaki bilgiler, Dai Xiongfeng’in kimyasal kitab tarafndan düzenlenmitir.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn performans

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn temel fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri alkaliletirilmi derece, pH deeri, Al2O3 içerii ve younluk ile gösterilir.

Alkalize derece (B) ve pH: alkaliletirilmi derece, OH- ile ikame edilen Cl- (Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)snda) derecesi anlamna gelir; genel olarak hidroksil grubu yüzdesinin alüminyuma oran, yani B = [OH] / 3 [Al] x% 100 kullanlarak temsil edilir.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn birçok özellii, polimerizasyon derecesi, pH, depolama stabilitesi ve bir çimentolama maddesi olarak kullanlmasnn çimento özellii dahil olmak üzere alkaliletirilmi derecesi ile yakndan ilgilidir. Ancak, alkaliletirilmi derecenin, farkl polimerizasyon derecelerine sahip çeitli Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s içeren karmdan yalnzca istatistiksel bir ortalama deeri temsil ettiini not etmeliyiz.

Sv Poli alüminyumun pH deeri, alkalileme derecesi ile benzerdi. Bununla birlikte, bu iki parametre tam olarak ayn anlama sahip deildir. Alkaliletirilmi derece, poli alüminyum yaps içinde balanan hidroksil gruplarnn saysn gösterirken, çözeltinin pH deeri, serbest hidroksil iyonlarnn OH saysn gösterir. Ancak yine de, poli alüminyum çözeltisinin pH deeri genellikle artan alkalileme derecesi ile artar.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow Kullanmlar

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, bir tür refrakter balaycdr. Hidroklorik asit çözünmesi, hidroliz ve polimerizasyon gibi çeitli kimyasal / fiziksel ilem aamalarna tabi olan alüminyum içeren materyalden veya alüminyum metalden yaplm bir tür alüminyum hidroksit solüsyonudur. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, AlCl3’ün Al (OH) 3’e hidroliz ileminin ara maddesi olarak alnabilir ve bu nedenle hidroliz çözeltisi asidiktir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, kimyasal formül [Al2 (OH) nCl6-n] m olan hidroksi alüminyum veya bazik alüminyum klorür olarak da bilinir, burada n 6’ya yakn veya eitse, alümina sol olarak adlandrlabilir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn gevek refrakter balayc madde olarak uygulanmas refrakterliini etkilemeyecektir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn stma ilemi srasnda dehidrasyonu ve ayrmas srasnda oluan Al2O3, sinterlemeyi kolaylatrabilen ve dolaysyla refrakter balayc olarak kullanlmaya uygun, yüksek derecede dispersiyonlu bir tür aktif alümina oksittir.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, atee dayankl ürünler, atee dayankl plastik ve tokmaklama ve döküm için balayc madde üretmek için atelenmeden veya atelenerek kullanlabilir. Monolitik refrakterin balayc maddesi olarak kullanldnda, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s ile hem alkalinite hem de younluun çok düük veya çok yüksek balanma mukavemeti iyi olmayan belirli gereksinimleri vardr. Genel olarak, alkaliletirilmi derecesi% 46 ila% 72 arasnda olan Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s ve younluu 1.17 ~ 1.23kg / m3 arasnda iyi bir balanma mukavemetine sahiptir. Refrakter dökümün balayc ajan olarak kullanldnda, Magnezyum alüminyum spinel, elektronik eritme MgO sentezlemek için ve çimentonun phtlama hzlandrcs olarak kullanlabilir. Ancak Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)y ekillendirilmemi refrakter balayc olarak uygularken, asidik çözeltisi (pH <5) nedeniyle, refrakterde bulunan demir ve demir içeren bileiklerle hidrojeni aça çkarmak için reaksiyona girecek ve malzemenin imesine neden olacaktr. Bu nedenle, iyi kalplanm ürün veya astarn imesini ve daha fazla çatlamasn önlemek için hazrlama teknolojisi yalandrma aamasn içermelidir.

çme suyunun artlmasnda olduu gibi çeitli endüstriyel atk sularn artlmasnda da kullanlabilir.

Flokülant olarak, esas olarak içme suyunun artlmasnda ve demir, flor, kadmiyum, radyoaktif kirlilik ve yüzen petrolün giderilmesi gibi özel sularn artlmasnda kullanlr. Atk suyun boyanmas gibi endüstriyel atk sularn artlmasnda da kullanlabilir. Ayrca hassas döküm, ilaç, kat ve deri kaplama için de kullanlabilir.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) kimyasal özellikleri

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s renksiz veya sar reçineli bir katdr. Polyaluminium chloride yellows solüsyonu renksiz veya sarms effaf bir svdr, bazen içindeki safszlklar nedeniyle grimsi siyah mukus olarak sergilenir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s suda kolayca çözünür.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) üretim yöntemi

Kaynatma piroliz yöntemi: kristal alüminyum klorürü kaynatma ve piroliz için 170 ° C’de koyun; oluan hidrojen klorür, geri dönüüm için% 20 hidroklorik asit hazrlamak için su tarafndan emilir. Daha sonra yalanma ve polimerizasyon için 60 ° C’de su eklemek için su ekleyin; Daha sonra, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn kat bitmi ürününü elde etmek için katlatrma, kuruluk ve ezmeden geçin.

Kaynatma piroliz yöntemi: alüminyum külü (esas olarak alümina ve metal alüminyumdan oluur), ykama suyuyla önceden tedarik edilmi reaktöre belirli bir oranda koyun, kartrn ve pH 4,2 ila polimerizasyon ile youma reaksiyonu için yavaça hidroklorik asit ekleyin. 4,5 ve çözeltinin bal younluu 1,2’dir. Sv bir poli alüminyum klorür elde etmek için sedimantasyon gerçekletirin. Sv ürün, kat poli alüminyum klorür ürünleri elde etmek için seyreltme ve filtrelemeye, buharlatrma yoluyla konsantrasyona ve kurutmaya tabi tutuldu.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s asidik bir çözeltidir. Daha yüksek konsantrasyonlarda andrc olarak snflandrlr ve tipik olarak sar renktedir. Seyreltik çözeltiler, Alüminyum Hidroksit (Al (OH) 3) çökeltmek için hidrolize olmasna ramen, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s tüm konsantrasyonlarda su ile karabilir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s tek bir ürün deil, güçleri (genellikle% Al2O3 olarak) ve baziklikleri ile karakterize edilen bir polimer spektrumudur – ikincisi, PAC’nin polimerik bileiminin bir göstergesini verir.

Hammadde olarak aktif kil, NaCl, HCl ve HF kullanan kil tuzlu su ilemi, mevcut endüstriyel snfta kriyolit sentezlemek için birincil olarak gelimi teknolojidir. Bununla birlikte, yaklak% 10 ~% 12 konsantrasyonda flor içeren atk HCl’nin bol miktarda yan ürünü kapsaml bir ekilde kullanlamaz ve hatta çevre için tehlikelidir. Bu çalma, sentetik kriyolit ana likörden inorganik polimer flokülantlar Polialüminyum klorür (Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)) hazrlamak için yeni bir iki aamal teknoloji önerdi. Alüminid kaynann çeitlilii, reaksiyon scakl ve süresi, reaktif oran ve alkali ekleme ekli gibi birçok spesifik faktör dikkate alnm ve bunlarn üretilen Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn performanslar üzerindeki etkileri tartlmtr. Sentetik kriyolit ana likörünün, bol miktarda suda çözünmeyen CaF2 ve CaSiF6 ile birlikte ucuz Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s hazrlamak için dorudan boksit ve kalsiyum alüminat ile reaksiyona girebilecei bulundu. Bununla birlikte, HCl sentetik kriyolit ana likörüne eklendiinde ve ayrca alüminid kayna olarak boksit ve baziklik ajan olarak sodyum alüminat kullanlarak, elde edilen Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, az miktarda suda çözünmeyen malzeme üretirken daha yüksek miktarda alüminyum çözecektir. Özel olarak üretilen Polyaluminium chloride sarnn phtlama davran, ulusal standartlara uygun endüstriyel snf Polyaluminium chloride yellow ile bile eleebilir.

Sentetik Cryolite Ana Likörden Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn hazrlanmas

Belirli miktarda sentetik kriyolit ana likörü, ilk olarak bir kondansatör ile üç boyunlu bir ieye ilave edildi. ienin scakl ya banyosunda 70 ° C’ye stldktan sonra sisteme adm adm belirli miktarda boksit ilave edildi. Scaklk 100 ° C’ye yükseldikten sonra reaksiyon 1 saat devam etmelidir. Daha sonra alkalin polimerizasyon ayarlama ajan (APA, kalsiyum alüminat tozu veya sodyum alüminat tozu) pH deerini ayarlamak için kademeli olarak yukardaki reaksiyon sistemine ilave edildi. APA’nn ilave hz sistemin pH deerine balyd: pH deeri 2.7’den düük olduunda hz hzl olabilir, ancak 2.7’nin üzerinde olduunda hz 3.5 ~ 3.8’e çkana kadar yava olmaldr. Bu noktada APA artk sisteme eklenmemelidir. Tüm bu ilemlerden sonra reaksiyon, 100 ° C’de 1.5 saat daha tutulur. Daha sonra reaksiyon, hem iddetli kartrma hem de ya banyosu stmas durdurularak derhal askya alnmal, ardndan ya banyosunun artk ss kullanlarak 12 saat boyunca sistem phtlatrlmaldr. Halihazrda halanm reaksiyon süspansiyonunun üst berrak svsnn süzülmesinden sonra sv Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s elde edildi. lk sv Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s 105 ° C’de kurutulduktan sonra kat Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s nihayet elde edildi.

2.2.2. Üretilen Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn baziklii

OH-, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) indeksi baziklik (B) ile ölçülen Polialüminyum klorürün [6-9] morfolojisini etkileyen temel bileendir. GB 15892-2003’e (su artma kimyasal-Polialüminyum klorür) [10] göre bazlk ölçülebilir. Polyaluminium chloride yellow içindeki OH ve Al’in mol yüzdesi baziklik olarak tanmlanr ve bu parametre Polyaluminium chloride yellow’nin phtlama performanslarn etkileyen Polyaluminium chloride yellow’nin polimerizasyon derecesini bir dereceye kadar yanstabilir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn imalat sürecinde bazlk aadakilere göre hesaplanabilir:

Üretilen Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn karakterizasyonu

Üretilen Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) solüsyonu 105 ° C’de susuzlatrld ve yap analizi için toz numunesi yapld. Kat koagülantlarda kristal fazlarn belirlenmesi için, 8 ° / dk tarama hznda 3 ° ila 80 ° aralnda Cu K radyasyonlu D / max-rA X-n difraktometresi kullanlarak X n krnm (XRD) ölçülmütür. . Üretilen kat Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, FT-IR ile Perkin Elmer spektrum 100 FT-IR spektrofotometre ve potasyum bromür pelet yöntemi ile analiz edilmitir. Spektrumlar 4000 ile 500 cm-1 aralnda tarand.

Boksit içindeki Fe’nin asit liç ileminde bol miktarda çözülebileceini dorulamak için, SCML ve HCl kark asitin boksit süzmesi önerildi. Kurutulmu süzdürme çözeltisinden elde edilen kristalin XRD sonuçlar, bu kristalin ana bileenlerinin SiF4, AlCl3 · 6H2O ve Na2Al22O34 içerdiini gösterdi (ekil 4). Bu nedenle, SCML’den hazrlanan Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn endüstriyel snf Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)sndan oldukça farkl olduu açkt. Bunun yerine, çoklu kristal fazlarndan ve bileenlerinden oluuyordu ve AlCl3, FeCl3, SiF4 ve H2SiO3 özellikle tipikti. Bu bileenlerin polimerizasyonu ile oluan çoul jel, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)snn phtlama özellii üzerinde sinerjizm etkisi gösterebilir.

Az miktarda silis solunun (ayrca ludox) varl, yalnzca suyun phtlama sürecini tevik etmekle kalmaz, ayn zamanda çökeltme parçacklarnn yapsn iyiletirebilir, ayn zamanda arlklarn artrabilir, çökelme parçacklarnn oluumunu ve çökelmesini hzlandrabilir. Bu nedenle silika sol, phtlatrc yardmc olarak da ilev görebilir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn topaklatrma maddesinin temel bileeni olarak yüksek miktarda pozitif Al13 yükünün aksine, silika jel parçacklarnn yüzeyi bunun yerine negatif yük ile doldurulmutur. Bu nedenle, tamamen zt yüklü bu iki tür parçack, birbirlerinin emilmelerini çekecektir. Bu arada, silika jel, pozitif yüklü dier dank koloidal parçacklar da emebilir ve buna göre phtlama etkisini güçlendirebilir [15, 17, 21, 22].

Yukardaki tartmadan, SCML (Polyaluminium chloride yellow-SCML) tarafndan üretilen Polyaluminium chloride yellow’nin yaygn endüstriyel snf Polyaluminium chloride yellow’den (Polyaluminium chloride yellow-IG) oldukça farkl olduu bulundu. Nispeten güçlü phtlama özellii dnda, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, Polialüminyum ferrik klorür (PAFC) ve polisilikat (PSi) bileii olarak muamele edilebilecek belirli miktarda Fe ve Si içeren bir tür kompozit flokülantt [18- 20, 23]. Ayrca, bu özel Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn FT-IR spektrumlar, ekil 5’te gösterildii gibi yaygn Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)sndan çok farkl olduunu gösterdi.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow-SCML’deki (Numune C) olas kimyasal balar FT-IR spektrumlar ile incelenmi ve Polyaluminium chloride yellow-IG (ekil 5) ile karlatrlmtr. ki örnek benzer FT-IR spektrumlar gösterdi. Her iki spektra da 3200-3650 cm-1 aralnda (Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML için 3390 cm-1 ve Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG için 3430 cm-1) geni bir absorpsiyon zirvesi sergiledi. -OH gruplar. 1600-1700 cm-1 aralndaki tepe noktalar (Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML için 1628 cm-1 ve 1636 cm-1 Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG), içinde emilen, polimerize edilen ve kristalize edilen suyun bükülme titreimlerine balanmtr. phtlatrc. Polyaluminium chloride yellow-IG, baz demir iyonlar da içeren saf bir madde deildi. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML için 1098 cm-1 tepe ve Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG için 1090 cm-1 tepe, Fe-OH-Fe veya Al-OH-Al’n asimetrik gerilme titreimine atfedilmitir; ayrca, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML için 778 cm-1 ve 640 cm-1’de iki tepe ve Fe’nin bükülme titreimlerine atfedilen Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG için 770 cm-1 ve 578 cm-1’de iki tepe vard. Srasyla -OH ve Al – OH [24-28].

Tablo 3’teki flokülasyon sonuçlarnda belirtildii gibi, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG’nin phtlama etkisi, düük bulankla sahip simüle edilmi diatomit su için Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML’den çok daha iyiydi. Bununla birlikte, Polyaluminium chloride yellow-SCML’nin phtlama etkisi, yüksek bulankla sahip simüle edilmi diatomit su için Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG’ye göre ayrt edici avantajlara sahipti; bu, asit liç ileminde güçlendirici phtlama etkisi ile PAFC ve PSi oluumundan kaynaklanabilir. Ayrca, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML içindeki az miktarda suda çözünmeyen CaF2 ve CaSiF6 da yüksek bulanklk suyu için phtlama reaksiyonuna fayda salayabilir.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow-SCML ve Polyaluminium chloride yellow-IG’nin CODCr çkarlmas, her ikisi de 60 mg / L dozajda minimuma ularken, Polyaluminium chloride yellow-SCML, Liaohe Oilfield’dan yal kanalizasyon için Polyaluminium chloride yellow-IG’den nispeten üstündü ve ayn bulankln giderilmesi için yasa sunuldu.

Sonuçlar, Polyaluminium chloride yellow-SCML ve Polyaluminium chloride yellow-IG arasndaki alümina içeriindeki küçük farka ramen, Polyaluminium chloride yellow-SCML’nin hem kapsaml koagülasyon özellii hem de kesin üretim maliyeti açsndan Polyaluminium chloride yellow-IG’den üstün olduunu göstermitir. Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML’deki Fe ve Si miktar.

Sonuçlar

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) koagülantnn, geleneksel endüstriyel snf Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) (Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG) koagülantna kyasla gelimi performansla kil tuzlu su prosesinden (Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML) sentetik kriyolit ana liköründen hazrlanmas salanmtr. Ayrtrma asidi ve alkali polimerizasyon ayarlama ajan seçimi, pH deeri ve reaksiyon scakl ve reaksiyon süresi dahil reaksiyon koullar, phtlama performanslarn optimize etmek ve hazrlanan phtlatrcnn suda çözünmeyen katsn en aza indirmek için derinlemesine çalld. Polyaluminium chloride yellow-SCML hazrlamak için optimize edilmi teknik, sentetik kriyolit ana likördeki HCl konsantrasyonunun ilk olarak endüstriyel snf HCl (genel olarak yaklak% 32 ila% 36 konsantrasyon) ile% 18’e ayarlanmas ve ardndan gerekli boksitin eklenmesi idi. . Daha sonra asit özütleme reaksiyonu 1 ~ 2 saat 80 ~ 100 ° C’de tutuldu ve sonuç olarak pH deerini 3.5 ~ 3.8’e ayarlamak için sodyum alüminat eklendi. Tüm teknoloji 24 saatlik bir koagülasyon sürecinden sonra tamamlanacaktr. Test edilen phtlama performanslar, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML’nin yüksek bulanklk simüle edilmi diyatomit suda bulankln giderilmesinde ve gerçek yal atk suda CODCr gideriminde Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG’den daha iyi olduunu göstermitir. Hem XRD hem de FT-IR sonuçlar, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML’de, birden fazla nükleer inorganik polimer oluturmak için Al’ birletirebilen ve ortaya çkan Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML’nin gelimi phtlama performanslarna sahip olmasn salayan belirli miktarda Fe ve Si bulunduunu dorulad. Bu teknoloji, kriyolit üretim sürecinde büyük miktardaki atk asit çözeltisini artmann etkili bir yolu olacaktr.

 

 

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, AlnCl (3n-m) (OH) m genel formülüne sahip özel bir alüminyum tuzlar grubudur. Kozmetikte terlemeyi önleyici ve su artmada phtlatrc olarak kullanlr.

Su artmada, bu bileik, yüksek arj nedeniyle baz durumlarda tercih edilir, bu da onu, alüminyum sülfat, alüminyum klorür ve çeitli Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s (PAC) gibi dier alüminyum tuzlarna göre stabilize etme ve uzaklatrmada daha etkili klar. alüminyum yapnn, Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)sndan daha düük bir net yüke neden olduu Polialüminyum klorisülfat. Ayrca, HCl’nin yüksek derecede nötralizasyonu, dier alüminyum ve demir tuzlarna kyasla ilenmi su pH’ üzerinde minimum etkiye neden olur.

Polyaluminium chloride yellow Kullanmlar

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, ticari terlemeyi önleyici maddelerdeki en yaygn aktif bileenlerden biridir. [1] Deodorantlarda ve antiperspirantlarda en yaygn kullanlan varyasyon Al2Cl (OH) 5’tir.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, süspansiyonda bulunan çözünmü organik maddeleri ve koloidal parçacklar gidermek için su ve atk su artma ilemlerinde bir phtlatrc olarak da kullanlr.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) güvenlii

ABD Gda ve laç Dairesi, terlemeyi önleyici maddelerde Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)nn kullanmnn güvenli olduunu düünmektedir ve% 25’e kadar konsantrasyonlarda izin verilmektedir. [2]

Alzheimer hastal

Çalmalar, antiperspirantlarn uzun süreli kullanm ile Alzheimer hastalna maruz kalma arasnda sadece ihmal edilebilir bir iliki bulmutur. [3] Antiperspirantlarda alüminyuma maruz kalmann ilerleyici demans ve Alzheimer hastalna yol açtna dair yeterli kant yoktur. [4]

Alzheimer Dernei’nin tbbi ve bilimsel ilikilerden sorumlu kdemli müdür yardmcs Heather M. Snyder, “Alzheimer ile alüminyum arasndaki balantya bakan pek çok aratrma vard ve önerecek kesin bir kant yok. bir balant var “. [5]

Meme kanseri

International Journal of Fertility and Women’s Medicine, koltuk alt kozmetiklerinde kullanlan baz kimyasallarn meme kanseri riskini artrdna dair hiçbir kant bulamad. [6] Amerikan Kanser Dernei’nin tbbi içerik direktörü Ted S. Gansler, “Terlemeyi önleyici veya deodorant kullanmnn kanser riskini artrdna dair ikna edici kantlar yok” dedi. [5]

Bununla birlikte, zamanla toksik oluum riski göz ard edilmediinden, Polyaluminium klorür sarnn kozmetikte kullanmna ilikin endieler devam etmektedir. [7] Tüketici Güvenlii Bilimsel Komitesi (SCCS) u anda toksik birikim riskini deerlendirmek için dermal penetrasyon yoluyla Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s oluumunu analiz etmek için bir çalma tasarlamaktadr. [8]

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) yaps

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s en iyi inorganik bir polimer olarak tanmlanr ve bu nedenle yapsal olarak karakterize edilmesi zordur. Bununla birlikte, jel permeasyon kromatografisi, X-n kristalografisi ve 27Al-NMR gibi teknikler, materyalin Keggin ile Al13 birimlerine dayandn göstermek için Nazar [9] ve Laden [10] dahil çeitli gruplar tarafndan aratrmada kullanlmtr. iyon yaps ve bu temel birim daha sonra daha büyük poli-alüminyum kompleksleri oluturmak için karmak dönüümlerden geçer.

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) sentezi

Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s, alüminyumun hidroklorik asit ile reaksiyona sokulmasyla ticari olarak üretilebilir. Alüminyum metal, alümina trihidrat, alüminyum klorür, alüminyum sülfat ve bunlarn kombinasyonlar dahil olmak üzere bir dizi alüminyum içeren hammadde kullanlabilir. Ürünler, sodyum / kalsiyum / magnezyum klorür veya sülfat gibi yan ürün tuzlar içerebilir. [11]

Alüminyum metalin hidroklorik asit ile reaksiyonu sonucu oluan hidrojene bal patlama tehlikesi nedeniyle, en yaygn endüstriyel uygulama, alüminyum hidroksiti hidroklorik asit ile reaksiyona sokarak bir Polialüminyum klorür sar (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)s (ACH) çözeltisi hazrlamaktr. ACH ürünü, açk bir kartrma tanknda buhar kullanlarak 100 ° C’de alüminyum külçelerle reaksiyona sokulur. Al: ACH oran ve izin verilen reaksiyon süresi, PAC n: m orannn polimer formunu belirler.

 

 

Chlorure de Polyaluminium Jaune

 

 

Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est facile à être humide lorsqu’il est exposé à l’air.

Forte neutralisation électrique de la substance colloïdale dans l’eau.

La solution aqueuse de pac solide a la bonne fonction de pontage d’adsorption pour les solides en suspension dans l’eau.

Adsorption sélective de substances solubles.

Élimine efficacement la matière colorante, les MES, la DCO, la DBO et l’arsenic (As), le mercure (Hg) et les autres ions de métaux lourds de l’eau potable et potable.

Méthode d’application du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

Le chlorure de polyaluminium doit être utilisé après la dissolution du pac solide dans l’eau (pac liquide). Le taux de dilution est généralement: PAC Solide 2% ~ 20% de produits (en pourcentages en poids)

Le dosage jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium est généralement: 1 ~ 15 kilogrammes par tonne, le dosage spécifique sur la base du test de pot de laboratoire de l’utilisateur avec leur effet de dosage sur le terrain.

Stockage de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

La durée de conservation jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium solide est de 2 ans; doit être stocké dans un endroit aéré et sec.

Le chlorure de polyaluminium solide jaune peut encore être utilisé une fois que le polychlorure d’aluminium est affecté par l’humidité.

Le chlorure de polyaluminium ne peut pas être stocké en mélange avec d’autres produits chimiques.

Paquet de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

Être emballé dans un sac tissé en polypropylène avec doublure en plastique, 25 kg / sac

Contenu d’impression de paquet jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium solide fourni en tant que votre condition.

Pourquoi la couleur du chlorure de polyaluminium est-elle différente, même entre les qualités du produit d’une entreprise?

D’une manière générale, il existe trois couleurs principales de chlorure de polyaluminium (PAC): blanc, jaune et marron. La principale raison de la présentation de différentes couleurs est la matière première et la méthode de production.

Chlorure de polyaluminium blanc

Le chlorure de polyaluminium blanc est également appelé chlorure de polyaluminium non ferrique de haute pureté ou chlorure de polyaluminium de qualité alimentaire. Comparé à d’autres grades, le PAC blanc est le grade de qualité supérieure. La principale matière première est la poudre d’hydrate d’aluminium et le HCl. La méthode de production est la méthode de séchage par atomisation qui est la plus avancée en Chine. Le chlorure de polyaluminium blanc est utilisé pour l’encollage de la fabrication du papier, le clarifiant du sucre, le tannage du cuir, la pharmacie, les moulages de précision et le traitement de l’eau.

Mots associés: chlorure de polyaluminium blanc laiteux

chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est le grade entre le chlorure de polyaluminium blanc et le chlorure de polyaluminium brun. La matière première est l’aluminate de calcium, le HCl et la bauxite. La méthode de production par filtre-presse à plaque et cadre, la méthode de séchage par tambour et la méthode de séchage par atomisation sont les formes principales en poudre et en plaque. L’application principale est le traitement des eaux usées et le traitement de l’eau potable. En raison de la restriction stricte des métaux lourds dans le traitement de l’eau potable, de la matière première à la méthode de production, le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est plus avancé que le chlorure de polyaluminium brun.

Mots associés: chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) clair, polyaluminium jaune doré

Chlorure de polyaluminium brun

Le chlorure de polyaluminium brun est la qualité primaire et il est principalement utilisé dans le traitement des eaux usées. Sa méthode de production est la méthode de séchage au tambour. L’aluminate de calcium, le HCl, la bauxite et la poudre ferreuse sont la matière première. L’ajout de poudre ferreuse donne sa couleur brune. Plus l’ajout de poudre ferreuse est important, plus la couleur est foncée. La poudre ferreuse atteint un certain pourcentage, le produit peut être appelé chlorure ferrique polyaluminium (PAFC).

Informations sur le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow):

Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est un composé inorganique de haut poids moléculaire très efficace, bon marché et non toxique. Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est facilement soluble dans l’eau. Dans le processus hydrolytique, le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est accompagné de processus chimiques tels que l’électrochimie, la coagulation, l’absorption et la précipitation.

Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) présente les caractéristiques d’une large gamme applicable de valeur de pH, de gros granules et de vitesse rapide de sédimentation. Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est largement utilisé dans le traitement de l’eau potable domestique, des eaux usées domestiques et des eaux usées industrielles.

Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium (PAC) est un nouveau type de coagulant de polymère inorganique à haute efficacité, adoptant une technique de fabrication avancée et une matière première de qualité, présentant les caractéristiques d’une faible impureté, d’un poids moléculaire élevé et d’un effet coagulant supérieur.

Propriétés du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium

1. Le dosage de jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium est inférieur à celui du sulfate d’aluminium (basé sur Al2O3) et le coût du traitement de l’eau est inférieur à celui des autres floculants inorganiques.

2. Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) peut provoquer la formation rapide de flocs, la formation de gros flocs et une précipitation rapide. Sa capacité de traitement est de 1,3 à 3,0 fois celle des autres floculants inorganiques.

3. Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium bénéficie d’une adaptabilité à large plage pour l’eau de source à différentes températures et d’une bonne solubilité.

4. Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est légèrement corrosif et facile à utiliser.

5. Le chlorure de polyaluminium liquide jaune convient au dosage automatique. De plus, il ne bloquera pas les tuyaux pendant une longue période d’utilisation.

chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) Caractéristiques:

1) Type sec par pulvérisation, moins insolubles dans l’eau

2) Utilisé pour le traitement de l’eau potable et le traitement des eaux usées

3) Apparence: poudre jaune clair

4) Al2O3: 30% (min.)

5) Basicité: 50,0% ~ 90,0%

6) Insolubles: 1,0% (max.)

7) pH (solution d’eau à 1%): 3,5 ~ 5,0

8) SO42-: 3,5% (max.)

Description du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow):

Ce produit est un coagulant polymère inorganique hautement efficace.

Description du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow):

Le chlorure de polyaluminium est un coagulant en poudre de couleur jaune clair qui est principalement utilisé pour le traitement de l’eau potable WTP.

Le chlorure de polyaluminium est de type atomiseur, viscosité élevée de 70 à 80%, coagulation élevée dans le traitement de l’eau à turbidité élevée.

Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium (PAC) est un nouveau type de coagulant de polymère inorganique à haute efficacité, adoptant une technique de fabrication avancée et une matière première de qualité, présentant les caractéristiques d’une faible impureté, d’un poids moléculaire élevé et d’un effet coagulant supérieur.

Il est également largement appliqué dans la purification de l’eau, le traitement des eaux usées, le moulage de précision, la production de papier, l’industrie pharmaceutique et les produits chimiques quotidiens.

Avantage du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium:

1. Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaunit l’effet de purification sur l’eau brute à basse température, à faible turbidité et fortement polluée par des matières organiques est bien meilleur que tout autre floculant organique, en outre, le coût du traitement est abaissé de 20% à 80%.

2. Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium peut conduire à la formation rapide de floculant (en particulier à basse température) avec une grande taille et une durée de vie de précipitation rapide du filtre cellulaire du bassin de sédimentation.

3. Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium peut s’adapter à une large gamme de valeurs de pH (5 à 9) et peut réduire la valeur de pH et la basicité après le traitement.

4. La dose est inférieure à celle des autres floculants. Il a une grande adaptabilité aux eaux à différentes températures et à différentes régions.

5. Une basicité plus élevée, moins corrosive, facile à utiliser et une utilisation à long terme de la non-occlusion.

Propriétés du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow):

1 Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaunit un dosage inférieur à celui du sulfate d’aluminium (basé sur Al2O3) et le coût du traitement de l’eau est inférieur à celui des autres floculants inorganiques.

2 Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) peut provoquer la formation rapide de flocs, la formation de gros flocs et une précipitation rapide. Sa capacité de traitement est de 1,3 à 3,0 fois celle des autres floculants inorganiques.

3 Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium bénéficie d’une adaptabilité étendue à une eau de source à différentes températures et d’une bonne solubilité.

4 Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est légèrement corrosif et facile à utiliser.

5 Le produit liquide convient au dosage automatique. De plus, il ne bloquera pas les tuyaux avec du chlorure de polyaluminium à long terme

6 Une faible acidité est inférieure à celle des autres coagulants inorganiques.

Emballage et stockage de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow):

1. Soyez emballé dans un sac tissé en polypropylène avec doublure en plastique, 25 kg / sac

2. La durée de vie utile est de 2 ans, doit être stockée dans un endroit aéré et sec

Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium est un polymère inorganique à haute molécule avec une certaine propriété cimentaire. Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) peut être utilisé comme liant de revêtement réfractaire, de produits d’alumine ultra-pure et de matériau de béton réfractaire. Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium est un électrolyte polyhydroxy multivalent et peut être considéré comme le produit intermédiaire de l’hydrolyse d’AlCl3 en Al (OH) 3. Le noyau colloïdal contient une charge positive, le produit d’hydrolyse étant acide. La composition de ces produits est le système mixte de divers types de complexes aqueux dans un certain rapport dans certaines conditions. Sa formule d’expression est [Al2 (OH) n • Cl6-n] m, dans laquelle n = 1-5, m≤10. En raison de la différence dans la préparation et les performances, le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium peut également être appelé chlorure d’hydroxy aluminium, chlorure d’aluminium basique et alumine polymère. L’indice principal des propriétés physiques et chimiques comprend l’alcalinité, la valeur du pH, la teneur en Al2O3 et la densité relative. Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est riche en matières premières et a un faible coût sans entraîner de diminution du caractère réfractaire du béton réfractaire. Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) a également une forte activité à des températures élevées et peut être durci à température ambiante lorsqu’il est dopé avec de petites quantités d’accélérateurs et constitue donc un ciment prometteur.

Coagulant

Le coagulant est une sorte d’agent chimique qui peut favoriser l’effet de coagulation et de floculation des particules colloïdales dans l’eau et accélérer la formation de particules grossières, facilitant ainsi la sédimentation ou la filtration rapide.

Les coagulants comprennent le coagulant, les floculants et l’agent d’aide au coagulant. Ces noms n’ont actuellement pas de définition et de limites uniformes strictes. Des coagulants et des floculants, et un agent d’aide coagulant sont souvent mélangés pour l’application.

Le coagulant couramment utilisé comprend l’alun, le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow), l’acide silicique activé, le polyacrylamide, l’alumine de magnésium, le sulfate ferreux et le chlorure ferrique, etc. La combinaison entre le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) et l’alun peut donner la meilleure efficacité.

Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium est un nouveau type de coagulant polymère inorganique avec sa différence fondamentale avec le coagulant inorganique traditionnel étant que le coagulant inorganique traditionnel est un sel cristallin de faible poids moléculaire tandis que la structure du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) se compose d’un complexe carboxyle multivarié multi-formes. Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium a une vitesse de floculation et de sédimentation rapide, une large plage applicable de valeurs de pH et est non corrosif pour la plomberie avec un effet de purification de l’eau très significatif. Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium peut éliminer efficacement les solides solubles, la DCO, la DBO et l’arsenic, le mercure et d’autres ions de métaux lourds. Ce produit est largement utilisé dans le traitement de l’eau potable, des eaux industrielles et des eaux usées, il présente les caractéristiques suivantes:

1. La forme purifiée à l’eau de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) a une qualité supérieure à l’eau purifiée à partir d’un coagulant inorganique tel que le chlorure ferrique et le sulfate d’aluminium. Le coût du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) dans l’eau de purification est également relativement faible.

2. Le taux de formation de l’unité de floc et le taux de règlement sont élevés. Il a également une plus grande capacité de traitement que les floculants traditionnels tels que le chlorure ferrique et le sulfate d’aluminium.

3. Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium a une capacité d’adaptation plus forte sur la température, la turbidité et l’alcalinité de la source d’eau que le floculant traditionnel tel que le chlorure ferrique et le sulfate d’aluminium.

4. Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium a une large plage de pH d’adaptation pour la source d’eau avec la possibilité d’exercer un effet de coagulation dans la plage de PH5.0-9.0 avec les meilleurs résultats se produisant à PH6.5-7.5.

5. Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium a un petit effet de corrosion et une bonne condition de fonctionnement.

6. Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium a une meilleure solubilité que le chlorure ferrique et le sulfate d’aluminium.

7. Après le traitement, le résidu d’aluminium et de sel dans l’eau est petit, ce qui facilite la manipulation et la préparation de l’échange d’ions.

Les informations ci-dessus sont éditées par le Chemicalbook de Dai Xiongfeng.

Performance du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

Les principales propriétés physiques et chimiques du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) sont démontrées par le degré alcalinisé, la valeur du pH, la teneur en Al2O3 et la densité.

Degré alcalinisé (B) et pH: le degré alcalinisé signifie le degré de Cl- (dans le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium) substitué par OH-; il est généralement représenté en utilisant le rapport du pourcentage de groupe hydroxyle sur l’aluminium, à savoir, B = [OH] / 3 [Al] x 100%.

De nombreuses caractéristiques du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium sont étroitement liées à son degré alcalinisé, notamment le degré de polymérisation, le pH, la stabilité au stockage et la propriété de cimentation d’être utilisé comme agent de cimentation. Mais il faut noter que le degré alcalinisé ne représente qu’une valeur moyenne statistique du mélange contenant divers types de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) avec différents degrés de polymérisation.

La valeur de pH du polyaluminium liquide était similaire avec son degré alcalinisé. Cependant, ces deux paramètres n’ont pas exactement la même signification. Le degré alcalinisé indique le nombre de groupes hydroxyle liés dans la structure polyaluminium tandis que la valeur de pH de la solution indique le nombre d’ions hydroxyle libres OH. Mais, de toute façon, la valeur de pH de la solution de polyaluminium augmente généralement avec un degré alcalinisé accru.

Utilisations du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium est un type de liant réfractaire. C’est une sorte de sol d’hydroxyde d’aluminium fabriqué à partir d’un matériau contenant de l’aluminium ou de l’aluminium métallique qui est soumis à plusieurs étapes de traitement chimique / physique telles que la dissolution de l’acide chlorhydrique, l’hydrolyse et la polymérisation. Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) peut être pris comme intermédiaire du processus d’hydrolyse d’AlCl3 en Al (OH) 3 et par conséquent la solution d’hydrolyse est acide. Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium est également connu sous le nom d’hydroxy aluminium ou de chlorure d’aluminium basique avec la formule chimique [Al2 (OH) nCl6-n] m, dans laquelle si le n est proche ou égal à 6, il peut être appelé sol d’alumine. L’application de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) comme liant de réfractaire en vrac n’affectera pas sa réfractarité. L’Al2O3 généré lors de la déshydratation et de la décomposition du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) lors du processus de chauffage est une sorte d’oxyde d’alumine actif à haut degré de dispersion qui peut faciliter le frittage, et donc convenable pour être utilisé comme liant réfractaire.

Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) peut être utilisé pour la non-cuisson ou cuit pour générer des produits réfractaires, du plastique ignifuge et le liant de pilonnage et de coulée. Lorsqu’il est utilisé comme liant de réfractaire monolithique, il a certaines exigences à la fois sur l’alcalinité et la densité avec du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) avec une résistance de liaison trop faible ou trop élevée pas bonne. En général, le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) avec un degré alcalinisé compris entre 46% et 72% et une densité comprise entre 1,17 et 1,23 kg / m3 a une bonne force de liaison. Lorsqu’il est utilisé comme liant de moulage réfractaire, il peut être utilisé pour synthétiser le spinelle de magnésium et d’aluminium, la fusion électronique de MgO et comme accélérateur de coagulation du ciment. Mais lors de l’application du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) comme liant réfractaire non formé, en raison de sa solution acide (pH <5), il réagira avec le fer et les composés contenant du fer contenus dans le réfractaire pour libérer de l’hydrogène et provoquer un gonflement du matériau. Par conséquent, la technologie de préparation doit contenir une étape de vieillissement afin d’éviter le gonflement et la fissuration supplémentaire du bon produit moulé ou du revêtement.

Il peut être utilisé pour le processus de purification de l’eau potable ainsi que pour divers types d’eaux usées industrielles.

En tant que floculant, il est principalement utilisé pour la purification de l’eau potable et le traitement des eaux spéciales telles que l’élimination du fer, du fluor, du cadmium, de la contamination radioactive ainsi que des huiles flottantes. Il peut également être utilisé pour le traitement des eaux usées industrielles telles que la teinture des eaux usées. De plus, il peut également être utilisé pour le moulage de précision, les produits pharmaceutiques, le papier et le cuir.

Propriétés chimiques du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est un solide résineux incolore ou jaune. La solution jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium est un liquide transparent incolore ou jaunâtre, parfois sous forme de mucus noir grisâtre en raison des impuretés qu’il contient. Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est facilement soluble dans l’eau.

Méthode de production de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

Méthode de pyrolyse à ébullition: mettre le chlorure d’aluminium cristallin pour l’ébullition et la pyrolyse à 170 ° C; le chlorure d’hydrogène généré est absorbé par l’eau pour préparer 20% d’acide chlorhydrique pour le recyclage. Ajouter en outre de l’eau pour avoir une eau ensuite ajoutée pour le vieillissement et la polymérisation à 60 ℃; Ensuite, passez par la solidification, la sécheresse, l’écrasement pour obtenir le produit fini solide de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow).

Méthode de pyrolyse à ébullition: mettre les cendres d’aluminium (principalement composées d’alumine et d’aluminium métallique) dans le réacteur pré-alimenté en eau de lavage à un certain rapport, remuer et ajouter lentement de l’acide chlorhydrique pour la réaction de condensation avec durcissement et polymérisation à un pH de 4,2 à 4,5 et la densité relative de la solution étant de 1,2. Effectuer une sédimentation pour obtenir un polychlorure d’aluminium liquide. Le produit liquide a été soumis à une dilution et une filtration, une concentration par évaporation, un séchage pour obtenir les produits solides de polychlorure d’aluminium.

Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est une solution acide. Classé corrosif à des concentrations plus élevées, il est généralement de couleur jaune. Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est miscible à l’eau à toutes les concentrations, bien que les solutions diluées s’hydrolysent pour précipiter l’hydroxyde d’aluminium (Al (OH) 3). Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) n’est pas un produit unique, mais un spectre de polymères qui se caractérisent par leur force (généralement en% Al2O3) et leur basicité – cette dernière donne une indication de la composition polymérique du PAC.

Le procédé argile-saumure utilisant de l’argile activée, du NaCl, du HCl et du HF comme matières premières est la technologie la plus avancée pour synthétiser la cryolite dans la qualité industrielle actuelle. Cependant, de nombreux sous-produits de déchets HCl contenant du fluor à une concentration d’environ 10% à 12% ne pourraient pas être utilisés de manière exhaustive et sont même dangereux pour l’environnement. Ce travail a proposé une nouvelle technologie en deux étapes pour préparer des floculants polymères inorganiques chlorure de polyaluminium (chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)) à partir de liqueur-mère de cryolite synthétique. De nombreux facteurs spécifiques tels que la variété de la source d’aluminure, la température et le temps de réaction, le rapport de réactif et le mode d’addition alcaline ont été pris en considération et leurs influences sur les performances du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium produit ont été discutées. Il a été constaté que la liqueur mère de cryolite synthétique pouvait réagir directement avec la bauxite et l’aluminate de calcium pour préparer du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) bon marché, avec une quantité abondante de CaF2 et de CaSiF6 insolubles dans l’eau. Cependant, une fois que HCl a été introduit dans la liqueur-mère de cryolite synthétique ainsi qu’en utilisant la bauxite comme source d’aluminure et l’aluminate de sodium comme agent d’ajustement de la basicité, le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium résultant dissoudrait une plus grande quantité d’aluminium tout en produisant peu de matières insolubles dans l’eau. Le comportement de coagulation du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium spécialement produit pourrait même correspondre au jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium de qualité industrielle conforme à la norme nationale.

Préparation du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium à partir de la liqueur mère synthétique Cryolite

Une certaine quantité de liqueur mère de cryolite synthétique a été ajoutée dans un ballon à trois cols avec un condenseur tout d’abord. Après avoir chauffé la température du ballon à 70 ° C dans un bain d’huile, une certaine quantité de bauxite a été ajoutée au système étape par étape. La réaction doit se poursuivre pendant 1 h après que la température a augmenté à 100 ° C. Ensuite, un agent d’ajustement de polymérisation alcaline (APA, poudre d’aluminate de calcium ou poudre d’aluminate de sodium) a été ajouté progressivement dans le système réactionnel ci-dessus pour ajuster la valeur du pH. La vitesse d’addition de l’APA dépendait de la valeur du pH du système: lorsque la valeur du pH était inférieure à 2,7, la vitesse peut être rapide, mais lorsqu’elle était supérieure à 2,7, la vitesse devrait être lente jusqu’à ce qu’elle augmente encore à 3,5 ~ 3,8. À ce stade, l’APA ne doit plus être ajouté au système. Après toutes ces opérations, la réaction est maintenue pendant encore 1,5 h à 100 ° C. Ensuite, la réaction doit être immédiatement suspendue en arrêtant à la fois l’agitation vigoureuse et le chauffage du bain d’huile, suivi de la coagulation du système pendant 12 h en utilisant la chaleur résiduelle du bain d’huile. Le chlorure de polyaluminium liquide jaune a été obtenu après la filtration du liquide transparent supérieur de la suspension réactionnelle déjà étuvée. Et le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium solide a finalement été obtenu après que le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium liquide initial ait été séché à 105 ° C.

2.2.2. Basicité du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium produit

OH- est le composant de base influençant la morphologie du polychlorure d’aluminium [6-9] dont l’indice en chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est mesuré par basicité (B). Selon le document GB 15892-2003 (traitement chimique de l’eau – chlorure de polyaluminium) [10], la basicité peut être mesurée. Le pourcentage molaire d’OH et d’Al dans le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium est défini comme la basicité et ce paramètre peut refléter le degré de polymérisation du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium dans une certaine mesure, ce qui affecte les performances de coagulation du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium. La basicité peut être calculée comme suit pendant le processus de fabrication du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow):

Caractérisation du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium produit

La solution jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium produite a été déshydratée à 105 ° C et a fait un échantillon de poudre pour l’analyse de structure. La diffraction des rayons X (XRD) a été mesurée pour la détermination des phases cristallines dans des coagulants solides en utilisant un diffractomètre à rayons X D / max-rA avec un rayonnement Cu K dans la gamme de 3 ° à 80 ° à une vitesse de balayage de 8 ° / min . Le solide jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium produit a été analysé par FT-IR avec le spectrophotomètre Perkin Elmer Spectre 100 FT-IR et la méthode des pastilles de bromure de potassium. Les spectres ont été scannés dans la plage de 4000 à 500 cm-1.

Afin de confirmer que le Fe dans la bauxite peut être abondamment dissous dans le processus de lixiviation acide, un acide mixte SCML et HCl a été proposé pour lessiver la bauxite. Les résultats XRD du cristal obtenu à partir de la solution de lixiviation séchée ont indiqué que les composants principaux de ce cristal contenaient SiF4, AlCl3-6H2O et Na2Al22O34 (figure 4). Ainsi, il était clair que le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium préparé à partir de SCML était assez différent du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium de qualité industrielle. Au lieu de cela, il était composé de plusieurs phases et composants cristallins et AlCl3, FeCl3, SiF4 et H2SiO3 étaient particulièrement typiques. Le gel pluriel formé par la polymérisation de ces composants pourrait montrer un effet de synergie sur la caractéristique de coagulation du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

L’existence d’une petite quantité de sol de silice (également ludox) pourrait non seulement favoriser le processus de coagulation de l’eau et améliorer la structure des particules de précipitation, mais pourrait également augmenter leur poids, accélérant la formation et la précipitation des particules de précipitation. Par conséquent, le sol de silice pourrait également fonctionner comme adjuvant de coagulation. Contrairement à la grande quantité de charge positive d’Al13 en tant que composant clé de l’agent de floculation du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow), la surface des particules de gel de silice était remplie de charge négative à la place. Ainsi, ces deux types de particules de charge totalement opposée se séduiraient mutuellement pour être absorbées. Pendant ce temps, le gel de silice pourrait également absorber d’autres particules colloïdales dispersées avec une charge positive, renforçant ainsi l’effet coagulant [15, 17, 21, 22].

A partir de la discussion ci-dessus, il a été trouvé que le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium produit par SCML (chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML) était plutôt différent du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium de qualité industrielle commune (chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG). À l’exception du caractère coagulant relativement fort, il s’agissait d’une sorte de floculant composite contenant une certaine quantité de Fe et de Si, qui pouvait être traité comme le composé de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow), de chlorure de polyaluminium ferrique (PAFC) et de polysilicate (PSi) [18- 20, 23]. En outre, les spectres FT-IR de ce jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium spécial ont montré une grande différence par rapport à celui du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium commun, comme indiqué sur la figure 5.

Les liaisons chimiques possibles dans le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML (échantillon C) ont été étudiées par les spectres FT-IR et ont été comparées au chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG (figure 5). Les deux échantillons ont montré des spectres FT-IR similaires. Les deux spectres présentaient un large pic d’absorption dans la gamme de 3200-3650 cm – 1 (3390 cm – 1 pour le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML et 3430 cm – 1 pour le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG), qui pourrait être attribué aux vibrations d’étirement de -OH groupes. Les pics dans la gamme de 1600-1700 cm – 1 (1628 cm – 1 pour le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML et 1636 cm – 1 chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG) ont été attribués aux vibrations de flexion de l’eau absorbée, polymérisée et cristallisée dans le coagulant. Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG n’était pas une substance pure, qui contient également des ions de fer. Le pic à 1098 cm – 1 pour le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML et le pic à 1090 cm – 1 pour le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG ont été attribués à la vibration d’étirement asymétrique de Fe – OH – Fe ou Al – OH – Al; de plus, il y avait deux pics à 778 cm-1 et 640 cm-1 pour le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML et deux pics à 770 cm-1 et 578 cm-1 pour le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG, qui ont été attribués aux vibrations de flexion du Fe -OH et Al – OH, respectivement [24-28].

Comme indiqué dans les résultats de floculation dans le tableau 3, l’effet de coagulation du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG était bien meilleur que celui du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML pour l’eau de diatomite simulée à faible turbidité. Cependant, l’effet de coagulation du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML avait des avantages distincts par rapport à celui du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG pour l’eau de diatomite simulée avec une turbidité élevée, qui pourrait provenir de la formation de PAFC et de PSi avec un effet de coagulation renforçant dans le processus de lixiviation acide. De plus, la petite quantité de CaF2 et CaSiF6 insolubles dans l’eau dans le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML pourrait également bénéficier de la réaction de coagulation pour l’eau à turbidité élevée.

L’élimination du CODCr du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML et du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG a atteint le minimum à 60 mg / L de dosage tandis que le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML était relativement supérieur au chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG pour les eaux usées huileuses du champ pétrolifère de Liaohe une loi a été présentée pour l’élimination de la turbidité.

Les résultats suggèrent que malgré la petite différence de teneur en alumine entre le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML et le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG, le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML était supérieur au chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG à la fois en ce qui concerne le caractère coagulant complet et le coût de fabrication en raison de certains quantité de Fe et Si dans le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML.

Conclusions

La préparation du coagulant jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium à partir de la liqueur mère synthétique de cryolite issue du procédé argile-saumure (chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML) avec des performances avancées par rapport au coagulant de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) de qualité industrielle conventionnel (chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG) a été obtenue. Les conditions de réaction, y compris le choix de l’acide de lixiviation et de l’agent d’ajustement de la polymérisation alcaline, la valeur du pH, la température de réaction et le temps de réaction ont été soigneusement étudiées pour optimiser les performances de coagulation et minimiser le solide insoluble dans l’eau du coagulant préparé. La technique optimisée pour préparer le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML était d’ajuster la concentration de HCl dans la liqueur-mère de cryolite synthétique à 18% avec du HCl de qualité industrielle (la concentration d’environ 32% à 36% en général) d’abord, puis d’ajouter la bauxite nécessaire. . Ensuite, la réaction de lixiviation acide a été maintenue pendant 1 ~ 2 h à 80 ~ 100 ° C et de l’aluminate de sodium a par conséquent été ajouté pour ajuster la valeur du pH à 3,5 ~ 3,8. L’ensemble de la technologie serait achevé après un processus de coagulation de 24 h. Les performances de coagulation testées ont montré que le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML est meilleur que le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-IG en élimination de la turbidité à haute turbidité simulée dans l’eau de diatomite et en élimination des CODCr dans les eaux usées huileuses réelles. Les résultats XRD et FT-IR ont confirmé qu’il existait une certaine quantité de Fe et de Si dans le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML, qui pourrait combiner Al pour former de multiples polymères nucléaires inorganiques et conférer au chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)-SCML des performances de coagulation avancées. Cette technologie deviendra un moyen efficace de traiter la grande quantité de solution d’acide résiduaire dans le processus de fabrication de cryolite.

 

 

chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium est un groupe de sels d’aluminium spécifiques de formule générale AlnCl (3n-m) (OH) m. Il est utilisé en cosmétique comme anti-transpirant et comme coagulant dans la purification de l’eau.

Dans la purification de l’eau, ce composé est préféré dans certains cas en raison de sa charge élevée, ce qui le rend plus efficace pour déstabiliser et éliminer les matières en suspension que d’autres sels d’aluminium tels que le sulfate d’aluminium, le chlorure d’aluminium et diverses formes de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) (PAC) et chlorisulfate de polyaluminium, dans lequel la structure en aluminium entraîne une charge nette inférieure à celle du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow). En outre, le degré élevé de neutralisation du HCl entraîne un impact minimal sur le pH de l’eau traitée par rapport à d’autres sels d’aluminium et de fer.

Utilisations du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium est l’un des ingrédients actifs les plus courants dans les antisudorifiques commerciaux. [1] La variante la plus couramment utilisée dans les déodorants et les antisudorifiques est Al2Cl (OH) 5.

Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) est également utilisé comme coagulant dans les procédés de traitement de l’eau et des eaux usées pour éliminer la matière organique dissoute et les particules colloïdales présentes en suspension.

Sécurité du chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

La Food and Drug Administration des États-Unis considère que l’utilisation du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium dans les antisudorifiques est sûre et autorisée à des concentrations allant jusqu’à 25%. [2]

La maladie d’Alzheimer

Des études n’ont trouvé qu’une association négligeable entre l’exposition et l’utilisation à long terme d’antitranspirants et la maladie d’Alzheimer. [3] Il n’y a aucune preuve suffisante que l’exposition à l’aluminium dans les antisudorifiques conduit à une démence progressive et à la maladie d’Alzheimer. [4]

Heather M. Snyder, directrice associée principale des relations médicales et scientifiques de l’Association Alzheimer, a déclaré: «De nombreuses recherches ont examiné le lien entre la maladie d’Alzheimer et l’aluminium, et il n’y a pas eu de preuves définitives suggérant il y a un lien “. [5]

Cancer du sein

L’International Journal of Fertility and Women’s Medicine n’a trouvé aucune preuve que certains produits chimiques utilisés dans les cosmétiques pour les aisselles augmentent le risque de cancer du sein. [6] Ted S. Gansler, directeur du contenu médical de l’American Cancer Society, a déclaré: “Il n’y a aucune preuve convaincante que l’utilisation d’antisudorifiques ou de déodorants augmente le risque de cancer”. [5]

Cependant, l’utilisation du jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium dans les cosmétiques est toujours préoccupante, car le risque d’accumulation de substances toxiques au fil du temps n’a pas été exclu. [7] Le Comité scientifique pour la sécurité des consommateurs (CSSC) élabore actuellement une étude pour analyser l’accumulation de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) par pénétration cutanée afin d’évaluer le risque d’accumulation de substances toxiques. [8]

Structure de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

Le jaune de chlorure de polyaluminium est mieux décrit comme un polymère inorganique et en tant que tel, il est difficile à caractériser structurellement. Cependant, des techniques telles que la chromatographie par perméation de gel, la cristallographie aux rayons X et la 27Al-RMN ont été utilisées dans la recherche par divers groupes dont celui de Nazar [9] et Laden [10] pour montrer que le matériau est basé sur des unités Al13 avec un Keggin structure ionique et que cette unité de base subit ensuite des transformations complexes pour former des complexes de poly-aluminium plus grands.

Synthèse de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow)

Le chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) peut être fabriqué dans le commerce en faisant réagir de l’aluminium avec de l’acide chlorhydrique. Un certain nombre de matières premières contenant de l’aluminium peuvent être utilisées, notamment de l’aluminium métallique, du trihydrate d’alumine, du chlorure d’aluminium, du sulfate d’aluminium et des combinaisons de ceux-ci. Les produits peuvent contenir des sels de sous-produits, tels que le chlorure ou le sulfate de sodium / calcium / magnésium. [11]

En raison du risque d’explosion lié à l’hydrogène produit par la réaction de l’aluminium métal avec l’acide chlorhydrique, la pratique industrielle la plus courante consiste à préparer une solution de chlorure de polyaluminium jaune (Polyaluminium chloride yellow) (ACH) en faisant réagir de l’hydroxyde d’aluminium avec de l’acide chlorhydrique. Le produit ACH est mis à réagir avec des lingots d’aluminium à 100 ° C en utilisant de la vapeur dans un réservoir de mélange ouvert. Le rapport Al sur ACH et le temps de réaction autorisé déterminent la forme polymère du rapport PAC n sur m.