POLYHEXANIDE
Polyhexanide is a polymer widely used as a disinfectant and antiseptic, with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity effective against bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.
Polyhexanide has a low toxicity factor, chemical stability, and bactericidal effect on most microorganisms, making it suitable for use in medical, industrial, and consumer products.
Polyhexanide is non-oxidising, cationic in solution in water, and remains effective in the presence of UV light and at different pH values, serving as an alternative to other cationic biocidal treatments based on quaternary ammonium or chlorine.
CAS Number: 28757-47-3
EC Number: 923-111-4
Molecular Formula: C8H19N5
Synonyms: Polyhexamethylene biguanide, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine, Baquacil, Cosmocil, Lavasept, Phmb Polymer, Polyhexanide, Polyhexanide Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylene Biguanide), Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hydrochloride, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) Hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylen-biguanide, Polyhexamethylenbiguanid, Polyhexamethylenbiguanide, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide, Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride, Vantocil, Vantocil Ib Of Vantocil
Polyhexanide is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within Polyhexanide renders it of potential interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry.
Polyhexanide is available also as a solid.
The antibacterial and antibacterial effect is stronger than alcohol, and is safer than hypochlorite water and Polyhexanide is stronger than hypochlorous acid water.
The disinfecting power when diluted 5 times longer is the same level as a general alcohol disinfectant.
Polyhexanide is an unusual water-soluble polymer with five nitrogen atoms in each repeating unit, three of them in the polymer’s backbone.
Polyhexanide was first described in late 1960s in British, French, and South African patents to Imperial Chemical Industries (London).
Polyhexanide is mainly used, which is mild and safe, and the sterilization rate is more than 99.9%.
Polyhexanide was first synthesized and characterized by ICI in England in the 1950s in the search for new malaria drugs.
Polyhexanide quickly became apparent that polyhexanide was not very effective against malaria, but had a very good antimicrobial effect against a broad germ spectrum.
Polyhexanide has since been successfully used in extremely different concentrations as a disinfectant in industrial processes and as a preservative in cosmetic and medical products.
Polyhexanide is one of the many antiseptics available in the medicine.
Polyhexanide stands out from the others with Polyhexanide’s numerous advantages.
Polyhexanide has a low toxicity factor, chemical stability, and bactericidal effect on most microorganisms.
Polyhexanide is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Polyhexanide is a chemical product created at the end of the 1950s and used since the 1970s in the formulation of certain biocides.
Polyhexanide is found in particular to kill microbes such as bacteria and viruses or fungi in water in the form of Polyhexanide salt, a pesticide that can be used as a swimming pool disinfectant.
Polyhexanide is a stable and therefore persistent product that remains effective in the presence of UV light and at different pH values.
Polyhexanide is non-oxidising, cationic in solution in water and can be an alternative to other cationic biocidal treatments based on quaternary ammonium or chlorine.
Polyhexanide is a polymer widely used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Polyhexanide has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.
Polyhexanide is commonly found in wound care products, contact lens solutions, and swimming pool disinfectants.
Uses of Polyhexanide:
Polyhexanide is used for analytical purpose only.
Polyhexanide is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Biocide in personal hygiene products, contact lens solutions, industrial disinfectants, textiles, and household products; preservative in cosmetics.
Polyhexanide is used for the treatment, control, prevention, & improvement of the following diseases, conditions and symptoms:
Infection
Infections
Polyhexanide has been used in trials studying the treatment, prevention, and supportive care of Caries, Neoplasm, Skin Diseases, Nail Diseases, and Dental Plaque, among others.
Polyhexanide is an antimicrobial agent active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Polyhexanide is used in antiseptic, disinfectant and cosmetics.
Polyhexanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae).
Polyhexanide a powerful antimicrobial agent that can reduce bioburden.
Rinsing liquid polyhexanide, in closed rinsing system; for decolonization and maintenance of an indwelling catheter.
A sterile, closed rinsing system consisting of a bag, a hose, a universal connector and roller clamp and filled with rinsing fluid containing 0.02% Polyhexanide.
Polyhexanide removes biofilm (coating on the catheter) and prevents the biofilm from forming again quickly.
The universal connector is sterile and has a protective cap.
Polyhexanide is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
Polyhexanide is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.
Polyhexanide hydrochloride salt (solution) is used in the majority of formulations.
Polyhexanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Products containing Polyhexanide are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.
Polyhexanide eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Polyhexanide is sold as a swimming pool and spa disinfectant in place of chlorine or bromine based products under the name Baquacil.
Polyhexanide is mainly used, which is mild and safe, and the sterilization rate is more than 99.9%.
Polyhexanide can effectively kill bacteria and viruses in the air.
Polyhexanide shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.
Wet tissues, contact lens cleaning solution, cosmetics / disinfecting hospitals and kitchens, everyday cleaning in kitchens, and food processing factories.
Control water quality of attractions in pools, hot springs and theme parks.
In Japan, there are many people think that Polyhexanide is highly reliable for alcohol, and even kills viruses with alcohol.
Guess that one factor of Polyhexanide’s authenticity is perhaps because Polyhexanide is used in medical institutions.
Polyhexanide is a highly disinfecting and antibacterial agent that is widely used in Europe and America and is widely used in Europe.
Polyhexanide has been proven to be the most effective in terms of safety and antibacterial strength without chlorine or alcohol.
Polyhexanide is chlorine and alcohol free, the most irritating and hazard relief of common disinfectants.
In orthopedic and trauma surgery, the most frequently used antiseptic is polyhexanide.
Polyhexanide’s favored application is based on prepossessing tissue compatibility in contrast to various antiseptics and a high antimicrobiological effect.
Use of a polyhexanide based multipurpose contact lens solution (MPS) has been linked to low-grade corneal staining.
Since Polyhexanide’s inception, polyhexanide and Polyhexanide’s hydrochloride salt1 have been used for a wide range of sanitizing purposes.
Examples are protecting crops from molds and bacteria in the field and in storage, preserving meat and fish products, and sanitizing swimming pools.
In medicine, Polyhexanide has been used primarily for treating keratitis (corneal infection), but also for dressing wounds.
Polyhexanide can effectively kill bacteria and viruses in the air and purify indoor air
Polyhexanide is used for wound irrigation for acute and chronic skin wounds.
Preservatives in cosmetics.
Medical devices for wound cleansing and MRSA decontamination
Medicament for wound antiseptics
Disinfection solutions for contact lenses
Disinfection of swimming and bathing water
Various industrial applications:
Polyhexanide is used in many areas of medicine, veterinary medicine, gastronomy, and industry.
The application of polyhexanide in the treatment of chronic wounds allows for fast regeneration and reduced time of wound treatment and hospitalization.
According to the Recommendations of the Polish Wound Treatment Society, Polyhexanide is recommended in treatment of critically colonized wounds, wounds at risk infection, burns, and decontamination of acute and chronic wounds, and as second choice in infected wounds.
Polyhexanide hydrochloride salt (solution) is used in the majority of formulations.
Some products containing Polyhexanide are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, scopy, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.
Polyhexanide eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
Polyhexanide is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
Polyhexanide is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.
Products containing Polyhexanide are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.
Polyhexanide is also found in some medicines in the form of polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride.
Acne, disinfection of surgical wounds and/or in veterinary treatments can be treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide salts.
Polyhexanide is also used for cleaning and disinfecting objects, surfaces or premises, including in hospitals.
Polyhexanide is important that health personnel have the best possible basis for choosing an antiseptic.
Other Uses:
Medical:
Wound Care:
Polyhexanide is used in dressings and wound irrigation solutions to prevent and treat infections.
Contact Lens Solutions:
Acts as a disinfectant to prevent microbial contamination.
Surgical Scrubs and Hand Sanitizers:
Polyhexanide is used in formulations to maintain hygiene and prevent infections.
Consumer Products:
Disinfectants:
Polyhexanide is used in surface disinfectants for homes and healthcare facilities.
Personal Care Products:
Found in some cosmetics and skin care products for its preservative properties.
Industrial:
Water Treatment:
Polyhexanide is used in swimming pools and spas to control microbial growth.
Cooling Towers:
Helps prevent microbial contamination in industrial water systems.
Typical Properties of Polyhexanide:
Chemical Structure:
Polyhexanide is a polymer composed of repeating biguanide units linked by hexamethylene chains.
Antimicrobial Action:
Polyhexanide disrupts microbial cell membranes, leading to cell death.
Polyhexanide is effective at low concentrations and has a high safety profile for human cells.
Stability:
Polyhexanide is stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH levels, making it versatile for various applications.
Handling And Storage of Polyhexanide:
Handling:
Wash after handling.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Stability And Reactivity of Polyhexanide:
Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Hazardous Polymerization:
Has not been reported.
First Aid Measures of Polyhexanide:
Eyes:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Skin:
Removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Inhalation:
Move to fresh air.
Fire Fighting Measures of Polyhexanide:
General Information:
Extinguishing Media:
In case of fire, use water, dry chemical, chemical foam, or alcohol-resistant foam.
Accidental Release Measures of Polyhexanide:
Spills/Leaks:
Sweep up, then place into a suitable container for disposal.
Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Polyhexanide:
Personal Protective Equipment:
Eyes:
Wear safety glasses.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to minimize contact with skin.
Identifiers of Polyhexanide:
IUPAC Name: Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride
CAS Number: 32289-58-0
Chemical Formula: (C8H17N5)n.xHCl
Molecular Structure: Repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide, typically shown with brackets to indicate the polymeric nature.
Properties of Polyhexanide:
Molecular Weight: 185.27
Density: 1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 347.7±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 59.2±3.0 kJ/mol
Flash Point: 164.1±23.2 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.550
Molar Refractivity: 51.1±0.5 cm3
#H bond acceptors: 5
#H bond donors: 6
#Freely Rotating Bonds: 6
#Rule of 5 Violations: 1
XLogP3-AA: 0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 185.16404563
Monoisotopic Mass: 185.16404563
Topological Polar Surface Area: 103 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 181
Form: Liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Odorless
pH Value (1% Solution): 4.0 – 6.0
Melting Point, °C: Not determined
Boiling Point, °C: 102 – 105°C
Flash Point: Not applicable
Ignition Temperature, °C: Product is not self-igniting
Flammability, °C:
Lower Explosion Limit: Product is not explosive
Upper Explosion Limit: Product is not explosive
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C: 23 hPa
Density @ 20°C: 1.030 – 1.060
Solubility/Miscibility In Water: Fully miscible
Partition Coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not available
Solids Content, %: 19 – 21
Specifications of Polyhexanide:
ACD/LogP: 1.36
ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -1.17
ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1.00
ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1.00
ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -1.17
ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1.00
ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1.00
Polar Surface Area: 103 Å2
Polarizability: 20.2±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension: 45.7±7.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume: 160.2±7.0 cm3
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow aqueous solution or white powder.
Odor: Odorless or slight characteristic odor.
Solubility: Highly soluble in water.
pH (1% solution): Typically around 6-7.
Density: Approximately 1.0 – 1.1 g/cm³ for solutions.
Viscosity: Low to moderate, depending on concentration and formulation.
Molecular Weight: Variable (average molecular weight around 2,000 – 20,000 Daltons, depending on the degree of polymerization).
Concentration: Common concentrations range from 0.02% to 20% w/v, depending on the application.