POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE (POTASYUM PERSLFAT)
POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE (POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT)
CAS No.: 7727-21-1
EC No.: 231-781-8
Synonyms:
POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULFATE; 7727-21-1; Potassium peroxydisulfate; Anthion; Potassium peroxodisulfate; Potassium peroxydisulphate; Dipotassium peroxydisulfate; Dipotassium peroxodisulphate; Dipotassium persulfate; Caswell No. 700; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; UNII-6B86K0MCZC; Peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt; potassium persulphate; HSDB 2638; EINECS 231-781-8; MFCD00011386; UN1492; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 063602; Potassium peroxydisulfate (K2(S2O8)); 6B86K0MCZC; Peroxydisulfuric acid dipotassium salt; Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2) , dipotassium salt; Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), dipotassium salt; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; Potassiumpersulfate; Potassium persulfate, 99+%, ACS reagent; Potassium persulfate, 99+%, for analysis; Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), potassium salt (1:2); Peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), potassium salt (1:2); POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; Virkon S; potasium persulfate; potassium persuifate; ACMC-20ajud; potassium monopersulphate; potassium peroxidisulfate; DSSTox_CID_9690; EC 231-781-8; DSSTox_RID_78809; DSSTox_GSID_29690; KSC377A7J; K2O8S2; CHEMBL3186858; DTXSID4029690; CTK2H7074; KS-00000VPT; dipotassium dioxidan-2-idesulfonate; Tox21_200798; AKOS015950646; Potassium persulfate, ACS Reagent Grade; NCGC00258352-01; BP-13445; S375; SC-74865; CAS-7727-21-1; LS-102479; Potassium persulfate [UN1492] [Oxidizer]; FT-0689072; Potassium persulfate [UN1492] [Oxidizer]; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; dipotassium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide; Potassium persulfate, Trace metals grade 99.99%; Q415226; KPS; anthion; Virkon S; BETZ 2701; PERSULPHATE; NP A SOLUTION; Potassum Suphates; SULPHATE STANDARD; POTASSIUM SULPHATE; POTTASSIUM SULPHATE; BETZ 2701; DI-POTASSIUM PEROXODISULPHATE; DIPOTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE; NP A SOLUTION; PEROXYDISULFURIC ACID; POTASSIUM PEROXODISULFATE; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE; POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULPHATE; POTASSIUM PERSULFATE; POTASSIUM PERSULFATE, PURIFIED; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; POTASSIUM SULFATE; POTASSIUM SULFATE FERTILIZER; POTASSIUM SULFATE TS; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM SULPHATE; SULFATE STANDARD STOCK SOL; SULFURIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT; SULPHATE STANDARD; TNP-201 DECOMPOSITION SOLUTION 1; anthion; dipotassium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide; dipotassium peroxodisulfate; dipotassium peroxodisulphate; dipotassium peroxydisulfate; dipotassium persulfate; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; dipotassium sulfonatooxy sulfate; peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2) , dipotassium salt; peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), potassium salt (1:2); peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), dipotassium salt; peroxydisulfuric acid potassium salt (1:2); peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt; potassium peroxodisulfate; potassium peroxydisulfate; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; potassium peroxydisulfate (K2(S2O8)); potassium peroxydisulphate; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULFATE; 7727-21-1; Potassium peroxydisulfate; Anthion; Potassium peroxodisulfate; Potassium peroxydisulphate; Dipotassium peroxydisulfate; Dipotassium peroxodisulphate; Dipotassium persulfate; Caswell No. 700; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; UNII-6B86K0MCZC; Peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt; potassium persulphate; HSDB 2638; EINECS 231-781-8; MFCD00011386; UN1492; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 063602; Potassium peroxydisulfate (K2(S2O8)); 6B86K0MCZC; Peroxydisulfuric acid dipotassium salt; Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2) , dipotassium salt; Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), dipotassium salt; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; Potassiumpersulfate; Potassium persulfate, 99+%, ACS reagent; Potassium persulfate, 99+%, for analysis; Peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), potassium salt (1:2); Peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), potassium salt (1:2); POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; Virkon S; potasium persulfate; potassium persuifate; ACMC-20ajud; potassium monopersulphate; potassium peroxidisulfate; DSSTox_CID_9690; EC 231-781-8; DSSTox_RID_78809; DSSTox_GSID_29690; KSC377A7J; K2O8S2; CHEMBL3186858; DTXSID4029690; CTK2H7074; KS-00000VPT; dipotassium dioxidan-2-idesulfonate; Tox21_200798; AKOS015950646; Potassium persulfate, ACS Reagent Grade; NCGC00258352-01; BP-13445; S375; SC-74865; CAS-7727-21-1; LS-102479; Potassium persulfate [UN1492] [Oxidizer]; FT-0689072; Potassium persulfate [UN1492] [Oxidizer]; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; dipotassium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide; Potassium persulfate, Trace metals grade 99.99%; Q415226; KPS; anthion; Virkon S; BETZ 2701; PERSULPHATE; NP A SOLUTION; Potassum Suphates; SULPHATE STANDARD; POTASSIUM SULPHATE; POTTASSIUM SULPHATE; BETZ 2701; DI-POTASSIUM PEROXODISULPHATE; DIPOTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE; NP A SOLUTION; PEROXYDISULFURIC ACID; POTASSIUM PEROXODISULFATE; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE; POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULPHATE; POTASSIUM PERSULFATE; POTASSIUM PERSULFATE, PURIFIED; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; POTASSIUM SULFATE; POTASSIUM SULFATE FERTILIZER; POTASSIUM SULFATE TS; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM SULPHATE; SULFATE STANDARD STOCK SOL; SULFURIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT; SULPHATE STANDARD; TNP-201 DECOMPOSITION SOLUTION 1; anthion; dipotassium [(sulfonatoperoxy)sulfonyl]oxidanide; dipotassium peroxodisulfate; dipotassium peroxodisulphate; dipotassium peroxydisulfate; dipotassium persulfate; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; dipotassium sulfonatooxy sulfate; peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2) , dipotassium salt; peroxydisulfuric acid (((HO)S(O)2)2O2), potassium salt (1:2); peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), dipotassium salt; peroxydisulfuric acid potassium salt (1:2); peroxydisulfuric acid, dipotassium salt; potassium peroxodisulfate; potassium peroxydisulfate; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat; potassium peroxydisulfate (K2(S2O8)); potassium peroxydisulphate; POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE; potassium persulfate; POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT; potasyum persülfat
POTASSIUM PERSULPHATE
Uses
This salt is used to initiate polymerization of various alkenes leading to commercially important polymers such as styrene-butadiene rubber and polytetrafluoroethylene and related materials. In solution, the dianion dissociates to give radicals:[3]
Potassium persulfate
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Not to be confused with Potassium peroxymonosulfate.
Potassium persulfate
Two potassium cations and one peroxydisulfate anion
Ball-and-stick model of the crystal structure
Potassium persulfate as a white powder
Names
Other names
potassium peroxydisulfate
Anthion
potassium perdisulfate
Identifiers
CAS Number
7727-21-1 check
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChemSpider
22821 ☒
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.893 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
231-781-8
E number E922 (glazing agents, …)
PubChem CID
24412
RTECS number
SE0400000
UNII
6B86K0MCZC check
UN number 1492
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID4029690 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI[show]
SMILES[show]
Properties
Chemical formula K2S2O8
Molar mass 270.322 g/mol
Appearance white powder
Odor odorless
Density 2.477 g/cm3[1]
Melting point < 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water 1.75 g/100 mL (0 °C)
4.49 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Solubility insoluble in alcohol
Refractive index (nD) 1.467
Structure
Crystal structure triclinic
Hazards
Safety data sheet ICSC 1133
GHS pictograms GHS03: Oxidizing GHS07: Harmful GHS08: Health hazard
GHS Signal word Danger
GHS hazard statements H272, H302, H315, H317, H319, H334, H335, H371
GHS precautionary statements P220, P261, P280, P305+351+338, P342+311
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
021OX
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose) 802 mg/kg (oral, rat)[2]
Related compounds
Other anions Potassium sulfite
Potassium sulfate
Potassium peroxymonosulfate
Other cations Sodium persulfate
Ammonium persulfate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Potassium persulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O8. Also known as potassium peroxydisulfate or KPS, it is a white solid that is sparingly soluble in cold water, but dissolves better in warm water. This salt is a powerful oxidant, commonly used to initiate polymerizations.
Contents
1 Preparation
2 Uses
3 Precautions
4 References
Preparation
Potassium persulfate can be prepared by electrolysis of a cold solution potassium bisulfate in sulfuric acid at a high current density.[1]
2 KHSO4 → K2S2O8 + H2
It can also be prepared by adding potassium bisulfate (KHSO4) to a solution of the more soluble salt ammonium peroxydisulfate (NH4)2S2O8. In principle it can be prepared by chemical oxidation of potassium sulfate using fluorine.
[O3SO-OSO3]2− ⇌ 2 [SO4]•−
It is used in organic chemistry as an oxidizing agent,[4] for instance in the Elbs persulfate oxidation of phenols and the Boyland–Sims oxidation of anilines.
As a strong yet stable bleaching agent it also finds use in various hair bleaches and lighteners. Such brief and non-continuous use is normally hazard free, however prolonged contact can cause skin irritation.[5] It has been used as an improving agent for flour with the E number E922, although it is no longer approved for this use within the EU.
Precautions
The salt is a strong oxidant and is incompatible with organic compounds. Prolonged skin contact can result in irritation.[5]
Potassium persulfate Chemical Properties,Uses,Production
Outline
Potassium persulfate (Formula is K2S2O8) is also known as potassium peroxydisulfate, molecular weight is 270.32, decomposition temperature is 50-60℃, it is white, odorless crystal, it is soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, it has strong oxidizing, it is commonly used as bleaching agents, oxidizing agents, it can be used as the polymerization initiator, it almost does not absorb moisture, it has good stability at room temperature, it is easy to be stored, and it has the advantages of convenience and safety, etc. . Applications involves polymerization initiator, circuit board cleaning and etching, copper and aluminum surface activation, modified starch, pulp and textile bleaching and desizing low temperature, circulating water purification treatment systems, oxidative degradation of harmful gases, low formaldehyde adhesive stick together accelerated oxidation of ethanol and aromatic hydrocarbons, disinfectants, hair dye decolorization.
The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Wang Xiaodong.
Half-life
80℃-1.5 hours; 70℃-7.7 hours; 60℃-33 hours; 45℃-292 hours; 35℃-1600 hours.
Recrystallization
Potassium persulfate dissolves in 30℃ water, cools, then the recrystallized product can be obtained, it is filtered and dried under reduced pressure in the presence of calcium chloride.
Solubility in water(g/100ml)
Grams which dissolves in per 100 ml of water: 4.7g/20 ℃.
The main application areas
Potassium persulfate is mainly used as initiator and strong oxidizing agents.
Initiator:
Potassium persulfate is the initiator of latex or solution polymerization of acrylic monomers, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and other product, and it is also the initiator of styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and the like emulsion for copolymerisation.
Strong oxidizing agent:
1. It is used as desizing agent and bleach activator.
2. It is used for oxidative degradation of harmful substances in pool and closed circular loop in water.
3. It can be applied in the production of starch modifier and applied in the production of adhesive and coating agent.
4. It can be applied in the branched-chain oxidation, alcohol and aromatic hydroxy oxidation.
5. It is one of the basic constituent of hair dyes, it plays the role of decolorization.
Toxicity
The amount is not specified (FAO/WHO, 2001).
Potassium persulfate powder has stimulating effect on nasal mucosa, packaging should be ventilated to prevent dust. Labour protection appliance should be dressed at work.
Storage precautions
Potassium persulfate is non-flammable, it is combustion-supporting which due to it can release of oxygen, storage environment must be dry and clean, well-ventilated. Pay attention to moisture and rain, it should not be transported in rain. Keep away from fire, heat and direct sunlight. It should be kept sealed packaging, labels should be intact and clear. It should be stored separately with flammable or combustible materials, organic compounds, as well as rust, small amount of metal, and other reducing substance, it should avoid mix to prevent causing decomposition of potassium persulfate and explosion.
Chemical properties
It is colorless or white triclinic crystalline powder. It is soluble in water, the solubility is 1.75g/100ml water at 0℃, the solubility is 5.3g/100ml water at 20℃. It is insoluble in alcohol. Queous solution is acidic.
Uses
It can be used as gluten agent of wheat flour.
It is mainly used as a disinfectant and fabric bleach. It can be used as industrial oxidant in dyes and inorganic salts. It can be used as emulsion polymerization initiators in synthetic rubber industry. It can be used as polymerization accelerator in synthetic resin. In addition, it can also be used in the steel, photographic industry and medicine.
It can be used as analytical reagents, oxidants and plastic initiator, it can also be used in the film photofinishing.
The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Wang Xiaodong.
Production method
Potassium sulfate method
Ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid formulates to form liquid electrolyte, it is decontaminated by electrolysis, HSO4-can discharge and generate peroxydisulfate acidat in the anode, and then reacts with ammonium sulfate to generate ammonium persulfate, Then replacement reaction can happen when potassium is added . The finished product of potassium persulfate can be obtained after cooling, separation, crystallization, drying.
Anode reaction: 2HSO4-2e → H2S2O8
Cathodic reaction: 2H ++ 2e → H2 ↑
(NH4) 2SO4 + H2S2O8 → (NH4) 2S2O8 + H2SO4
(NH4) 2S2O8 + K2SO4 + H2SO4 → K2S2O8 + 2NH4HSO4
It can be derived by replacement reaction with ammonium persulfate potassium sulfate, then it goes through cooling, separation, crystallization, drying.
Category
oxidant
Toxicity grading
Mid toxicity.
Acute toxicity
Oral-rat LD50: 802 mg/kg.
Explosive hazardous characteristics
It can explode when mixes with reductant, sulfur, phosphorus; It can explode when be heated, impacted, and meets fire.
Flammability hazard characteristic
Thermal decomposition can get oxygen; toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides can generate after combustion.
Storage characteristics
Treasury should have ventilation and be low-temperature drying; loading and unloading should be light; it should be stored separately with organic matter, reducing agents, sulfur, phosphorus combustibles.
Extinguishing agent
Mist of water, sand, foam.
Professional standards
TWA 2 mg/m.
Chemical Properties
colourless odourless crystals or white powder
Chemical Properties
Potassium persulfate is a colorless or white, odorless crystalline material.
Physical properties
Colorless or white crystals; triclinic structure; density 2.477 g/cm3; stable in solid crystalline form; decomposes on heating, evolving oxygen; completely decomposes at about 100°C; sparingly soluble in cold water 1.75 g/100mL at 0°C; moderately soluble at ordinary temperature, 5.29 g/100 mL at 20°C;aqueous solution acidic and unstable, decomposing slowly at room temperature and more rapidly when the solution is warmed; insoluble in alcohol.
Uses
Bleaching fabrics, soaps; in photography under the name Anthion to remove last traces of thiosulfate from plates and paper; in analytical chemistry.
Preparation
Potassium persulfate can be prepared by electrolysis of a mixture of potassium sulfate and potassium hydrogen sulfate at a high current density:
2KHSO4→K2S2O8+ H2
Also, the compound can be prepared by adding potassium hydrogen sulfate,KHSOto an electrolyzed solution of ammonium hydrogen sulfate, NH4HSO4.
General Description
A white crystalline solid. Specific gravity 2.477. Decomposes below 100°C.
Air & Water Reactions
Water soluble. Slowly decomposed by water. The salt rapidly liberates oxygen when heated, and especially so when wet.
Reactivity Profile
Potassium persulfate is an oxidizing agent. Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material. Potassium persulfate plus a little potassium hydroxide and water released sufficient heat and oxygen to ignite a polythene (polyethylene) liner in a container. [MCA Case History 1155. 1955].
Hazard
Strong irritant and oxidizing agent. Fire risk in contact with organic materials.
Health Hazard
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Agricultural Uses
Potassium sulphate, also called sulphate of potash, is a white crystalline material, moderately hygroscopic, available in fine, granular and semi-granular forms. It contains 48 to 54% potassium (as K2O) and supplies 17 to 20 % of sulphate. Chloride-sensitive crops like tobacco, grapes and potato require chloride-free potassium fertilizers. Therefore, these crops are fertilized with potassium sulphate, although this is more expensive than potassium chloride. These three crops, being major crops, account for about 7% of the total potash consumption. For best results, potassium sulphate should contain at least 50 % potash by weight.
Potassium sulphate occurs in nature as ‘langbeinite’ , a double sulphate of potassium and magnesium (K2SO4?2MgSO4) and made from burkeite (Na2CO3?2Na2SO4), kainite (KCl?MgS04?3H2O) or potassium chloride (KCl) as follows:
When applied to soil, potassium ion from the watersoluble potassium sulphate is retained in the soil colloids and not easily leached out. This makes potassium sulphate an excellent fertilizer, useful for all soils and crops while sowing or before sowing. It is also a safe ingredient of powdered, mixed fertilizers.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by ingestion. An irritant and allergen. A powerful oxidtzer. Flammable when exposed to heat or by chemical reaction. Can react with reducing materials. It liberates oxygen above 100′ when dry or @ about 50′ when in solution. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of SOx,, S2O8, and K2O.
Potential Exposure
Potassium persulfate is used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent; it is used in redox polymeri- zation catalysts; in the defiberizing of wet strength paper and in the desizing of textiles. Soluble in water.
Shipping
UN1492 Potassium persulfate, Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer.
Purification Methods
Crystallise the persulfate twice from distilled water (10mL/g) and dry it at 50o in a vacuum desiccator. Its solubility in H2O is 1.6% at 0o, 4.5% at 20o, and 7.2% at 30o. An aqueous solution decomposes on long standing with evolution of O2 and formation of KHSO4. It is a powerful oxidising agent. Store it at ~10o. [Fehér in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 390 1963.]
Incompatibilities
A strong oxidizer. Incompatible with combustible, organic or other readily oxidizable materials; sulfur, metallic dusts, such as aluminum dust; chlorates and perchlorates. Attacks chemically active metals. Keep away from moisture.
Waste Disposal
Use large volumes of reducing agents (bisulfites, e.g.). Neutralize with soda ash and drain into sewer with abundant water.
Potassium persulfate Preparation Products And Raw materials
POTASYUM PERSÜLFAT
Kullanmlar
Bu tuz, stiren-bütadien kauçuu ve politetrafloroetilen ve ilgili malzemeler gibi ticari açdan önemli polimerlere yol açan çeitli alkenlerin polimerizasyonunu balatmak için kullanlr. Çözümde, dianyon radikaller vermek için ayrr: [3]
Potasyum persülfat
Gezintiye atlaArama yapmak için atla
Potasyum peroksimonosülfat ile kartrlmamaldr.
Potasyum persülfat
ki potasyum katyonu ve bir peroksidisülfat anyonu
Kristal yapnn top ve çubuk modeli
Beyaz bir toz olarak potasyum persülfat
simler
Dier isimler
potasyum peroksidisülfat
Anthion
potasyum perdisülfat
Tanmlayclar
CAS numaras
7727-21-1 çek
3B modeli (JSmol)
Etkileimli görüntü
ChemSpider
22821 ☒
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.893 Bunu Vikiveri’de düzenleyin
EC Numaras
231-781-8
E numaras E922 (cam ajanlar, …)
PubChem Müteri Kimlii
24412
RTECS numaras
SE0400000
UNII
6B86K0MCZC kontrolü
UN numaras 1492
CompTox Kontrol Paneli (EPA)
DTXSID4029690 Bunu Vikiveri’de düzenleyin
InChI [gösteri]
SMILES [gösteri]
Özellikleri
Kimyasal formül K2S2O8
Molar kütle 270.322 g / mol
Görünüm beyaz toz
Koku kokusuz
Younluk 2.477 g / cm3 [1]
Erime noktas <100 ° C (212 ° F; 373 K) (ayrr)
Suda çözünürlük 1.75 g / 100 mL (0 ° C)
4,49 gr / 100 ml (20 ° C)
Alkolde çözünmeyen çözünürlük
Krlma indisi (nD) 1.467
Yaps
Kristal yap triklinik
Tehlikeler
Güvenlik veri sayfas ICSC 1133
GHS piktogramlar GHS03: Oksitleyici GHS07: Zararl GHS08: Salk tehlikesi
GHS Sinyal kelimesi Tehlike
GHS tehlike beyanlar H272, H302, H315, H317, H319, H334, H335, H371
GHS önlem ifadeleri P220, P261, P280, P305 + 351 + 338, P342 + 311
NFPA 704 (ate elmas)
NFPA 704 dört renkli elmas
021OX
Parlama noktas Yanc deil
Ölümcül doz veya konsantrasyon (LD, LC):
LD50 (medyan doz) 802 mg / kg (oral, sçan) [2]
Bantl bileikler
Dier anyonlar Potasyum sülfit
Potasyum sülfat
Potasyum peroksimonosülfat
Dier katyonlar Sodyum persülfat
Amonyum persülfat
Aksi belirtilmedikçe, veriler standart hallerinde (25 ° C [77 ° F], 100 kPa) malzemeler için verilmitir.
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Bilgi kutusu referanslar
Potasyum persülfat, K2S2O8 formülüne sahip inorganik bileiktir. Potasyum peroksidisülfat veya KPS olarak da bilinen bu, souk suda az çözünür, ancak lk suda daha iyi çözünen beyaz bir katdr. Bu tuz, genellikle polimerizasyonlar balatmak için kullanlan güçlü bir oksidandr.
çindekiler
1 Hazrlk
2 Kullanmlar
3 Önlemler
4 Kaynaklar
Hazrlk
Potasyum persülfat, yüksek akm younluunda sülfürik asitte souk solüsyon potasyum bisülfatn elektrolizi ile hazrlanabilir. [1]
2 KHSO4 → K2S2O8 + H2
Daha çözünür tuzlu amonyum peroksidisülfat (NH4) 2S2O8 çözeltisine potasyum bisülfat (KHSO4) ilave edilerek de hazrlanabilir. Prensip olarak, flor kullanlarak potasyum sülfatn kimyasal oksidasyonu ile hazrlanabilir.
[O3SO-OSO3] 2− ⇌ 2 [SO4] • –
Organik kimyada bir oksitleyici madde olarak [4], fenollerin Elbs persülfat oksidasyonunda ve anilinlerin Boyland-Sims oksidasyonunda kullanlr.
Güçlü ancak stabil bir aartma maddesi olarak çeitli saç aartclarnda ve açclarda da kullanm alan bulur. Bu tür ksa ve sürekli olmayan kullanm normalde tehlikesizdir, ancak uzun süreli temas ciltte tahrie neden olabilir. [5] Artk AB içinde bu kullanm için onaylanmasa da E922 numaral un için iyiletirici bir ajan olarak kullanlmtr.
Önlemler
Tuz, güçlü bir oksidandr ve organik bileiklerle uyumsuzdur. Uzun süreli cilt temas tahrie neden olabilir. [5]
Potasyum persülfat Kimyasal Özellikleri, Kullanm Alanlar, Üretimi
Anahat
Potasyum persülfat (Formül K2S2O8), potasyum peroksidisülfat olarak da bilinir, moleküler arlk 270.32, ayrma scakl 50-60 ℃, beyaz, kokusuz kristal, suda çözünür, alkolde çözünmez, güçlü oksitleyiciye sahiptir, yaygn olarak aartc, oksitleyici ajan olarak kullanlr, polimerizasyon balatc olarak kullanlabilir, neredeyse nemi emmez, oda scaklnda iyi stabiliteye sahiptir, depolanmas kolaydr ve kolaylk ve güvenlik avantajlarna sahiptir. , vb. . Uygulamalar arasnda polimerizasyon balatc, devre kart temizleme ve andrma, bakr ve alüminyum yüzey aktivasyonu, modifiye niasta, hamur ve tekstil aartma ve düük scaklkta hal sökme, sirküle su artma artma sistemleri, zararl gazlarn oksidatif bozunmas, düük formaldehit yaptrc çubuu birlikte hzlandrlm etanol oksidasyonunu içerir ve aromatik hidrokarbonlar, dezenfektanlar, saç boyas renk giderimi.
Yukardaki bilgiler Wang Xiaodong’un kimyasal kitab tarafndan düzenlenmitir.
Yarm hayat
80 ℃ -1,5 saat; 70 ℃ -7.7 saat; 60 ℃ -33 saat; 45 ℃ -292 saat; 35 ℃ -1600 saat.
Yeniden kristalleme
Potasyum persülfat 30 ℃ suda çözünür, sour, daha sonra yeniden kristalize ürün elde edilebilir, süzülür ve kalsiyum klorür varlnda düük basnç altnda kurutulur.
Suda çözünürlük (g / 100ml)
100 ml su içinde çözünen gramlar: 4.7 gr / 20.
Ana uygulama alanlar
Potasyum persülfatesas olarak balatc ve güçlü oksitleyici maddeler olarak kullanlr.
Balatc:
Potasyum persülfat, akrilik monomerler, vinil asetat, vinil klorür ve dier ürünlerin lateks veya çözelti polimerizasyonunun balatcsdr ve ayn zamanda, stiren, akrilonitril, bütadien ve benzeri emülsiyonun kopolimerizasyon için balatcsdr.
Güçlü oksitleyici ajan:
1. Hal sökücü ve aartc aktivatörü olarak kullanlr.
2. Havuzda ve suda kapal dairesel döngüde zararl maddelerin oksidatif bozunmas için kullanlr.
3. Niasta modifiye edici üretiminde, yaptrc ve kaplama maddesi üretiminde uygulanabilir.
4. Dall zincirli oksidasyon, alkol ve aromatik hidroksi oksidasyonunda uygulanabilir.
5. Saç boyalarnn temel bileenlerinden biridir, renk açmada rol oynar.
Toksisite
Miktar belirtilmemitir (FAO / WHO, 2001).
Potasyum persülfat tozunun burun mukozas üzerinde uyarc etkisi vardr, tozu önlemek için ambalaj havalandrlmaldr. çi koruma cihaz i yerinde giydirilmelidir.
Saklama önlemleri
Potasyum persülfat yanc deildir, yanmay destekleyici özelliktedir ve oksijen aça çkard için depolama ortam kuru ve temiz olmal, iyi havalandrlmaldr. Nem ve yamura dikkat edin, yamurda tanmamaldr. Ateten, sdan ve dorudan güne ndan uzak tutun. Kapal ambalajda tutulmal, etiketler bozulmam ve net olmaldr. Yanc veya yanc maddeler, organik bileikler, ayrca pas, az miktarda metal ve dier indirgeyici maddelerle ayr ayr depolanmal, potasyum persülfatn ayrmasna ve patlamaya neden olmasn önlemek için kartrmaktan kaçnmaldr.
Kimyasal özellikler
Renksiz veya beyaz triklinik kristal tozdur. Suda çözünür, çözünürlüü 0 ° C’de 1.75g / 100ml su, çözünürlük 20 ° C’de 5.3g / 100ml sudr. Alkolde çözünmez. Garip çözüm asidiktir.
Kullanmlar
Buday ununun glüten maddesi olarak kullanlabilir.
Esas olarak dezenfektan ve kuma aartc olarak kullanlr. Boyalarda ve inorganik tuzlarda endüstriyel oksidan olarak kullanlabilir. Sentetik kauçuk endüstrisinde emülsiyon polimerizasyon balatc olarak kullanlabilir. Sentetik reçinede polimerizasyon hzlandrc olarak kullanlabilir. Ayrca çelik, fotoraf endüstrisi ve tpta da kullanlabilir.
Analitik reaktifler, oksidanlar ve plastik balatc olarak kullanlabilir, ayn zamanda film foto-son ileminde de kullanlabilir.
Yukardaki bilgiler Wang Xiaodong’un kimyasal kitab tarafndan düzenlenmitir.
Üretim yöntemi
Potasyum sülfat yöntemi
Amonyum sülfat ve sülfürik asit sv elektrolit oluturmak için formüle edilir, elektrolizle dekontamine edilir, HSO4 boaltlabilir ve anotta peroksidisülfat asit oluturabilir ve ardndan amonyum sülfat ile reaksiyona girerek amonyum persülfat oluturur, Daha sonra potasyum eklendiinde deitirme reaksiyonu gerçekleebilir. Bitmi potasyum persülfat ürünü soutma, ayrma, kristalizasyon ve kurutmadan sonra elde edilebilir.
Anot reaksiyonu: 2HSO4-2e → H2S2O8
Katodik reaksiyon: 2H ++ 2e → H2 ↑
(NH4) 2SO4 + H2S2O8 → (NH4) 2S2O8 + H2SO4
(NH4) 2S2O8 + K2SO4 + H2SO4 → K2S2O8 + 2NH4HSO4
Amonyum persülfat potasyum sülfat ile ikame reaksiyonu ile elde edilebilir, daha sonra soutma, ayrma, kristalizasyon, kurutmadan geçer.
Kategori
oksidan
Toksisite derecelendirme
Orta toksisite.
Akut toksisite
Oral sçan LD50: 802 mg / kg.
Patlayc tehlikeli özellikler
ndirgeyici, kükürt, fosfor ile kartrldnda patlayabilir; Istldnda, çarpldnda ve atele karlatnda patlayabilir.
Yanclk tehlikesi özellii
Termal bozunma oksijen alabilir; Yanmadan sonra zehirli nitrojen oksit dumanlar oluabilir.
Depolama özellikleri
Hazine havalandrmal ve düük scaklkta kurutmal; yükleme ve boaltma hafif olmaldr; organik madde, indirgeyici maddeler, kükürt, fosfor yanclar ile ayr depolanmaldr.
Söndürme maddesi
Su sisi, kum, köpük.
Profesyonel standartlar
TWA 2 mg / m.
Kimyasal özellikler
renksiz kokusuz kristaller veya beyaz toz
Kimyasal özellikler
Potasyum persülfat, renksiz veya beyaz, kokusuz kristalli bir malzemedir.
Fiziksel özellikler
Renksiz veya beyaz kristaller; triklinik yap; younluk 2.477 g / cm3; kat kristal formda kararl; snarak ayrr, oksijen üretir; yaklak 100 ° C’de tamamen ayrr; 0 ° C’de souk suda 1.75 g / 100mL az çözünür; normal scaklkta orta derecede çözünür, 20 ° C’de 5,29 g / 100 mL; sulu çözelti asidik ve kararsz, oda scaklnda yavaça ve çözelti stldnda daha hzl ayrr; alkolde çözünmez.
Kullanmlar
Aartc kumalar, sabunlar; tabak ve kattan son tiyosülfat izlerini çkarmak için Anthion ad altnda fotorafçlkta; analitik kimyada.
Hazrlk
Potasyum persülfat, potasyum sülfat ve potasyum hidrojen sülfat karmnn yüksek akm younluunda elektrolizi ile hazrlanabilir:
2KHSO4 → K2S2O8 + H2
Ayrca, bileik potasyum hidrojen sülfat eklenerek hazrlanabilir,KHSO, elektrolize amonyum hidrojen sülfat çözeltisi, NH4HSO4.
Genel açklama
Beyaz kristal bir kat. Özgül arlk 2.477. 100 ° C’nin altnda bozunur.
Hava ve Su Reaksiyonlar
Suda çözünür. Su ile yavaça ayrr. Tuz, stldnda ve özellikle slandnda oksijeni hzla serbest brakr.
Reaktivite Profili
Potasyum persülfat oksitleyici bir ajandr. Yanmaz ancak yanc malzemenin yanmasn hzlandrr. Potasyum persülfat art biraz potasyum hidroksit ve su, bir kapta bir polietilen (polietilen) astar tututurmak için yeterli s ve oksijen sald. [MCA Vaka Geçmii 1155. 1955].
Tehlike
Güçlü tahri edici ve oksitleyici ajan. Organik malzemelerle temas halinde yangn riski.
Salk tehlikesi
Buharlar veya maddeler ile solunmas, yutulmas veya temas (cilt, gözler) ciddi yaralanmalara, yanklara veya ölüme neden olabilir. Yangn tahri edici, andrc ve / veya toksik gazlar üretebilir. Yangn kontrolünden veya seyreltme suyundan akmas kirlilie neden olabilir.
Yangn tehlikesi
Bu maddeler yangna kartklarnda yanmay hzlandracaktr. Bazlar stldnda veya bir yangna kartnda patlayarak ayrabilir. Is veya kirlilikten patlayabilir. Bazlar patlayc olarak hidrokarbonlarla (yaktlar) reaksiyona girecek. Yanc maddeleri (tahta, kat, ya, giysi vb.) Tututurabilir. Kaplar stldnda patlayabilir. Yüzey ak yangn veya patlama tehlikesi yaratabilir.
Tarmsal Kullanmlar
Potasyum sülfat, ayn zamanda potas sülfat olarak da adlandrlr, beyaz kristalli bir malzemedir, orta derecede higroskopiktir, ince, granül ve yar granüler formlarda bulunur. % 48 – 54 potasyum (K2O olarak) içerir ve% 17 – 20 sülfat salar. Tütün, üzüm ve patates gibi klorüre duyarl ürünler klorür içermeyen potasyum gübreler gerektirir. Bu nedenle, bu mahsuller, potasyum klorürden daha pahal olmasna ramen, potasyum sülfat ile döllenir. Balca ürünler olan bu üç mahsul, toplam potas tüketiminin yaklak% 7’sini oluturmaktadr. En iyi sonuçlar için potasyum sülfat arlkça en az% 50 potas içermelidir.
Potasyum sülfat, doada ‘langbeinit’, potasyum ve magnezyumun bir çift sülfat (K2SO4? 2MgSO4) olarak bulunur ve burkeit (Na2CO3? 2Na2SO4), kainit (KCl? MgS04? 3H2O) veya potasyum klorür (KCl) ‘den oluur:
Topraa uygulandnda, suda çözünür potasyum sülfattan potasyum iyonu, toprak kolloidlerinde tutulur ve kolayca szmaz. Bu, potasyum sülfat ekim srasnda veya ekimden önce tüm topraklar ve mahsuller için faydal olan mükemmel bir gübre haline getirir. Ayn zamanda toz haline getirilmi, karma gübrelerin güvenli bir bileenidir.
Güvenlik profili
Yutulduunda orta derecede toksiktir. Tahri edici ve alerjendir. Güçlü bir oksitleyici. Isya maruz kaldnda veya kimyasal reaksiyonla yancdr. ndirgeyici malzemelerle reaksiyona girebilir. Kuru haldeyken 100 ‘üzerinde oksijeni veya çözelti içindeyken @ yaklak 50’ serbest brakr. Ayrmaya kadar stldnda, oldukça toksik SOx, S2O8 ve K2O dumanlar yayar.
Potansiyel maruziyet
Potasyum persülfat bir aartma ve oksitleme maddesi olarak kullanlr; redoks polimerizasyon katalizörlerinde kullanlr; slak mukavemetli kadn liflerinin alnmasnda ve tekstillerin hal sökülmesinde. Suda çözünebilir.
Nakliye
UN1492 Potasyum persülfat, Tehlike Snf: 5.1; Etiketler: 5.1-Oksitleyici.
Saflatrma Yöntemleri
Persülfat damtlm sudan (10 mL / g) iki kez kristalize edin ve vakumlu kurutucuda 50 ° C’de kurutun. H2O’da çözünürlüü 0o’de% 1.6, 20o’de% 4.5 ve 30o’de% 7.2’dir. Sulu bir çözelti, uzun süre O2 oluumu ve KHSO4 oluumu ile ayrr. Güçlü bir oksitleyici ajandr. ~ 10o’de saklayn. [Fehér in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Cilt I s. 390 1963.]
Uyumsuzluklar
Güçlü bir oksitleyici. Yanc, organik veya dier kolayca oksitlenebilir malzemelerle uyumsuz; alüminyum tozu gibi kükürt, metalik tozlar; kloratlar ve perkloratlar. Kimyasal olarak aktif metallere tesir eder. Nemden uzak tutun.
Atk Bertaraf
Büyük miktarlarda indirgeyici maddeler kullann (bisülfitler, örn.). Soda külü ile nötralize edin ve bol suyla kanalizasyona boaltn.
Potasyum persülfat Hazrlama Ürünleri ve Hammaddeler