STEARYL AMINE 5 EO

Cas No: 26635-92-7

METATAGS: Stearyl amne 5 eo; stearyl; amne; amine; stearyl amine; stearyl amn; stearyl amin; steryl amn; steryl amin; eo; 5; 5 eo; STEARYL AMINE 5 EO; STEARYL; AMINE; AMNE; STEARYL AMNE; STEARYL AMIN; STEARYL AMN; STERYL AMIN; STERYL AMN; EO; 5; 5 EO; teric 18m10; rokamin s 8; teric 18m2; teric 18m5; tomah e-t 5; teric 18m; teric 18m20; ethomeen 18/25; ry 130t2; tb 12; rokamin s; Octadecyl amine ethoxylate ether (5,10,15,20, 25,60 EO); N,N’-bis-(Polyoxyethylene)stearylamine; Stearyl amine ethoxylate ether (5,10,15,20, 25,60 EO); Stearyl amine ethoxylate ether (5EO); Octadecyl amine ethoxylate ether (5,10,15,20, 25,60 EO); N,N’-bis-(Polyoxyethylene)stearylamine;

Stearyl amine ethoxylate ether (5,10,15,20, 25,60 EO); Stearyl amine ethoxylate ether (5EO); TERC 18M10; ROKAMN S 8; TERC 18M2; TERC 18M5; TOMAH E-T 5; TERC 18M; TERC 18M20; ETHOMEEN 18/25; RY 130T2; TB 12; ROKAMN S; OCTADECYL AMNE ETHOXYLATE ETHER (5,10,15,20, 25,60 EO); N,N’-BS-(POLYOXYETHYLENE)STEARYLAMNE; STEARYL AMNE ETHOXYLATE ETHER (5,10,15,20, 25,60 EO); STEARYL AMNE ETHOXYLATE ETHER (5EO); OCTADECYL AMNE ETHOXYLATE ETHER (5,10,15,20, 25,60 EO); N,N’-BS-(POLYOXYETHYLENE)STEARYLAMNE; STEARYL AMNE ETHOXYLATE ETHER (5,10,15,20, 25,60 EO); STEARYL AMNE ETHOXYLATE ETHER (5EO)

Stearyl amine ethoxylate ether (5,10,15,20, 25,60 EO)

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BGC Id:

521324257966

CAS No.:

26635-92-7

Formula:

C20H43NO

Molecular Weight:

313.56152

Ethoxylation is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide adds to a substrate. It is the most widely practiced alkoxylation, which involves the addition of epoxides to substrates.

In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R(OC2H4)nOH where n ranges from 1 to as high as 10. Such compounds are called alcohol ethoxylates. Alcohol ethoxlates are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. Alcohol ethoxylates and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products.

STEARYL AMINE ETHOXYLATE MOLE-5Enquire Now

Product Characteristics Product Detail

Appearance @ 25 deg C Liquid

pH Alkaline

Amine Value 110-120

HLB 9.01

Moisture 1

Polyethoxylated tallow amine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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General structure

Polyethoxylated tallow amine (also polyoxyethyleneamine, POEA) refers to a range of non-ionic surfactants derived from animal fats (tallow). They are used primarily as emulsifiers and wetting agents for agrochemical formulations, such as pesticides and herbicides (e.g. glyphosate).

Contents

1 Synthesis

2 Composition and use

3 Environmental effects

4 Human toxicity

5 References

Synthesis

Animal fat is hydrolysed to give a mixture of free fatty acids, typically oleic (37-43%), palmitic (24-32%), stearic (20-25%), myristic (3-6%), and linoleic (2-3%). These are then converted to fatty amines via the nitrile process before being ethoxylated with ethylene oxide; this makes them water-soluble and amphiphilic. The length of the fatty tail and degree of exothylation will determine the overall properties of the surfactant. Due to it being synthesized from an impure material POEA is itself a mixture compounds.

Composition and use

The polyethoxylated tallow amine used as a surfactant is referred to in the literature as MON 0139 or polyoxyethyleneamine (POEA). It is contained in the herbicide Roundup. An ethoxylated tallow amine (CAS No. 61791-26-2), is on the United States Environmental Protection Agency List 3 of Inert Ingredients of Pesticides.”[1]:14

Roundup Pro is a formulation of glyphosate that contains a “phosphate ester neutralized polyethoxylated tallow amine” surfactant; as of 1997 there was no published information regarding the chemical differences between the surfactant in Roundup and Roundup Pro.[1]:14

POEA concentrations range from <1% in ready-to-use glyphosate formulations to 21% in concentrates.[2] POEA constitutes 15% of Roundup formulations and the phosphate ester neutralized polyethoxylated tallow amine surfactant constitutes 14.5% of Roundup Pro.[1]:14

Surfactants are added to glyphosate to allow effective uptake of water-soluble glyphosate across plant cuticles, which are hydrophobic, and reduces the amount of glyphosate washed off of plants by rain.[3]:96

Environmental effects

The chemical complexity of POEA makes it difficult to study in the environment.[3]:96

POEA is toxic to aquatic species like fish and amphibians. As other surfactants as well, it can affect membrane transport and can often act as a general narcotic.[3]

In laboratory experiments POEA has a half-life in soils of less than 7 days. Washout from soil is assumed to be minimal, and the estimated half-life in bodies of water would be about 2 weeks. Field experiments have shown that the half-life of POEA in shallow waters is about 13 hours, “further supporting the concept that any potential direct effects of formulated products on organisms in natural waters are likely to occur very shortly post-treatment rather than as a result of chronic or delayed toxicity.”[3]:96

A review of the literature provided to the EPA in 1997 found that POEA was generally more potent in causing toxicity to aquatic organisms than glyphosate, and that POEA becomes more potent in more alkaline environments. (Potency is measured by the median lethal dose (LD50); a low LD50 means that just a little of the substance is lethal; a high LD50 means that it takes a high dose to kill.) Glyphosate has an LD50 ranging from 4.2 times that of POEA for midge larvae at pH 6.5, to 369 times that of POEA for rainbow trout at pH 9.5 (for comparison, at pH 6.5 the LC50 of glyphosate was 70 times that of POEA for rainbow trout).[1]:18 The pH value of most freshwater streams and lakes is between 6.0 and 9.0; fish species are harmed by water having a pH value outside of this range.[4]

Human toxicity

A review published in 2000 (later shown to be ghost-written by Monsanto),[5] evaluated studies that were performed for regulatory purposes as well as published research reports. It found that “no significant toxicity occurred in acute, subchronic, and chronic studies. Direct ocular exposure to the concentrated Roundup formulation can result in transient irritation, while normal spray dilutions cause, at most, only minimal effects. The genotoxicity data for glyphosate and Roundup were assessed using a weight-of-evidence approach and standard evaluation criteria. There was no convincing evidence for direct DNA damage in vitro or in vivo, and it was concluded that Roundup and its components do not pose a risk for the production of heritable/somatic mutations in humans. …Glyphosate, AMPA, and POEA were not teratogenic or developmentally toxic….Likewise there were no adverse effects in reproductive tissues from animals treated with glyphosate, AMPA, or POEA in chronic and/or subchronic studies. Results from standard studies with these materials also failed to show any effects indicative of endocrine modulation. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of Roundup herbicide does not result in adverse effects on development, reproduction, or endocrine systems in humans and other mammals. … It was concluded that, under present and expected conditions of use, Roundup herbicide does not pose a health risk to humans.”

Another review, published in 2004,[2] said that with respect to glyphosate formulations, “experimental studies suggest that the toxicity of the surfactant, polyoxyethyleneamine (POEA), is greater than the toxicity of glyphosate alone and commercial formulations alone. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that glyphosate preparations containing POEA are more toxic than those containing alternative surfactants. Although surfactants probably contribute to the acute toxicity of glyphosate formulations, the weight of evidence is against surfactants potentiating the toxicity of glyphosate.”

References

Gary L. Diamond and Patrick R. Durkin Effects of Surfactants on the Toxicitiy of Glyphosate, with Specific Reference to RODEO Report submitted to Leslie Rubin, COTR, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Biotechnology, Biologics and Environmental Protection, Environmental Analysis and Documentation, United States Department of Agriculture, February 6, 1997

Bradberry SM, Proudfoot AT, Vale JA. Glyphosate poisoning Toxicol Rev. 2004;23(3):159-67. Review. (subscription required)

Dean G. Thompson Ecological Impacts of Major Forest-Use Pesticides Ecological Impacts of Toxic Chemicals, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd, 2011, Chapter 5, 88-110. quote”…owing to the chemical complexity of the POEA surfactant and resultant difficulty in analysing for it in complex environmental matrices, the environmental behaviour of POEA in natural forest ecosystems has not been specifically studied.”

Robertson-Bryan, Inc (1 May 2004). “Technical Memorandum pH Requirements of Freshwater Aquatic Life” (PDF). www.waterboards.ca.gov. p. 15.

Williams GM, Kroes R, Munro IC. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of the herbicide Roundup and its active ingredient, glyphosate, for humans Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2000 Apr;31(2 Pt 1):117-65. Review.

Stearyl alcohol (also known as octadecyl alcohol or 1-octadecanol) is an organic compound classified as a fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH. It takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water. It has a wide range of uses as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes, and cosmetics. It is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments, and is widely used as a hair coating in shampoos and hair conditioners. Stearyl heptanoate, the ester of stearyl alcohol and heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), is found in most cosmetic eyeliners. Stearyl alcohol has also found application as an evaporation suppressing monolayer when applied to the surface of water.[2]

Stearyl alcohol is prepared from stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation. It has low toxicity.[3]

Fatty Amine Ethoxylates

Venus manufactures a wide range of ethoxylates of C12 to C22 Fatty Amines like Coco amine, Oleyl Amine, Tallow Amine, Tallow Diamine, Stearyl Amine etc.

Fatty Amines Ethoxylates have many uses, primarily as nonionic surfactants in various formulations both, industrial & domestic. These are also used as cleaning agents, antistatic agents, dispersants or emulsifiers,in textile formulations, corrosion inhibitors in metal & emulsifiers, adjuvants in agrochemical formulations.

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STEARYL AMINE ETHOXYLATES

Product

Appearance @ 25 deg C

Amine Value

HLB

Moisture

SAM-2

Waxy liquid

Alkaline

152-162

4.96

=1.0

SAM-3

Slightly hazy liquid

Alkaline

135-145

6.58

=1.0

SAM-5

Liquid

Alkaline

110-120

9.01

=1.0

SAM-8

Liquid

Alkaline

85-95

11.34

=1.0

SAM-9

Liquid

Alkaline

79-89

11.94

=1.0

SAM-10

Liquid

Alkaline

75-85

12.42

=1.0

SAM-15

Liquid

Alkaline

55-65

14.2

=1.0

SAM-20

Liquid

Alkaline

44-54

15.31

=1.0

Fatty Amine Ethoxylates

Venus manufactures a wide range of ethoxylates of C12 to C22 Fatty Amines like Coco amine, Oleyl Amine, Tallow Amine, Tallow Diamine, Stearyl Amine etc.

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COCO AMINE ETHOXYLATES

OLEYL AMINE ETHOXYLATES

TALLOW AMINE ETHOXYLATES

TALLOW DIAMINE ETHOXYLATES

STEARYL AMINE ETHOXYLATES

AMINO PROPYL BEHENYL AMINE ETHOXYLATES

The ethoxylates act as the wetting agent, solubilizer, anti-corrosion agent, and adjuvant.

Oxiteno’s product line includes amine ethoxylates based on cocoamine, tallow amine, and other alkyl amines reacted with various moles of ethylene oxide.

ALKOXYLATES

ETHOXYLATES

PROPOXYLATES EO/PO

BLOCK COPOLYMERS

Alkoxylation is a chemical process

wherein ethylene oxide or EO/PO in

desired molar ratios with an alcohol,

acid, amine or vegetable oils to make

surfactants. We manufacture a wide

range of ethoxylates according to our

customer’s specifications on cloud point,

hydroxyl value, saponification value, pH

etc.

Natural Oil Ethoxylates

Aryl Alcohol

Ethoxylates

Castor Oil – 5 – 200 EO Moles

Nonyl Phenol – 4.5-100

EO Moles

Hydrogenerates Castor Oil-10-100 EO

Moles Octyl Phenol – 1-70 EO Moles.

Neem Oil – 10-30 EO Moles

Dodecyl Phenol – 5-20 EO

Moles

Soya Oil – 3-10 EO Moles

Styrenated Phenol – 18-

25 EO Moles

Linseed Oil -3-10 EO Moles

Phenoxyethanol (>99.5%)

Lanolin Oil 75 EO Moles

Fatty Alcohol

Ehoxylates

Fatty Acid Ethoxylates

Oleyl Cetyl Alcohol – 2-60

EO Moles.

Oleic Acid – 2.5-15 EO Moles

Oleyl Alcohol – 5-60 EO

Moles

Stearic Acid -8-70 EO Moles

Tri Decyl Alcohol – 3-100

EO Moles

Coconut fatty acid – 10-12 EO Moles

Decyl Alcohol -4-10 EO

Moles

Rice Barn Fatty acid 5 EO Moles

Ceto Stearyl Alcohol – 2.5-80 EO

Moles.

Fatty Amine Ethoxylates

Lauryl Alcohol – 2.5-25

EO Moles

Stearyl Amine – 10-30 EO Moles

Behnyl Alcohol – 5-40 EO

Moles

Tallow Amine and Tallow Diamine – 3-

20 EO Moles Stearyl Alcohol- 2-15 EO

Moles

Coco Amine – 10-30 EO Moles

2-Ethyl Hexanol – 2.5-4.5

EO Moles

Oleyl Amine – 15-30 EO Moles.

Octyl Decyl (C18/10) Alcohol 2-

10 EO Moles

Amino Propyl Behnyl Amine – 10-90 EO

Moles Capric/Caprylic Alcohol 2-5 EO

Moles

TEA ethoxylates -100 EO Moles

Glycerine – 10-23 EO

Moles.

Polysorbates

Polysorbate 20 (Sorbitan Mono Laurate 20 EO)

Polysorbate 40 (Sorbitan Mono Palmitate 20 EO)

Polysorbate 60 (Sorbitan Mono Stearate 20 EO)

Polysorbate 65 (Sorbitan Tri Stearate 20 EO)

Polysorbate 80 (Sorbitan Mono Oleate 20 EO)

Polysorbate 81 (Sorbitan Mono Oleate 5 EO)

Polysorbate 85 (Sorbitan Tri Oleate 20 EO)

EO-PO Copolymers

EO-PO (30) polymer, 40% EO (L-64)

EO-PO (30) polymer, 10% EO (L-61)

EO-PO (30) polymer, 20% EO (L-62)

EO-PO (39) polymer, 40% EI (P-84)

EO-PO (39) Polymer, 50% EO (P-85)

EO-PO Polymer Mol. Wt. 3150 (25 R2)

EO-PO Polymer Mol. Wt. 2150 (17 R2)

EO-PO (56) Polymer, 80% EO (L-68)

EO-PO 930) Polymer, 80% EO (F-108)

EO-PO Polymer, Mol Wt 3800 (L-101)

EO-PO Polymer, Mol Wt 1100 (L-31)

EO-PO Polymer, Mol Wt 5000 (F-38)

EO-PO Polymer, Mol Wt 2200 (L-44)

EO-PO Polymer, Mol Wt 2750 (L-81)

EO-PO Polymer, Mol Wt 2650 (17R4)

EO-PO Polymer, Mol Wt 3600 (25R4)

EO-PO Polymer, Mol Wt 7700 (F-87)

EO-PO Polymer, Mol Wt 12600 (F-127)

EO-PO Polymer, Mol Wt 4600 (P-94)

EO-PO Polymer, Mol Wt 3600 (25R4)

MPEGs

Methoxy PEG 400-5000 MW

APEGs

Allyl PEG upto 5000 MW

Polythylene Glycols

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs)-200, 400, 600,

800,1500, 4000,6000,8000, 12000,20000 Mol.wt.

EO/PO CO-Polymers (APEO-free products)

Tridecyl Alcohol EO/PO

Lauryl Alcohol EO/PO

Decyl Alcohol EO/PO

Oleyl Cetyl Alcohol EO/PO

Oleyl Alcohol EO/PO

Stearyl Alcohol EO/PO

Glycerol based Polyol (Mol. Wt. 4800)

Butanol EO/PO Copolymer (R) Mol.Wt. 1450

Butanol EO/PO Copolymer (R) Mol Wt. 1650

Butanol EO/PO Copolymer (R) Mol Wt. 4000

Bisphenol A-2 Mole PO

Castor Oil EO/PO

Ethylene Diamine 4PO, 4EO

Polyglycerates

Polyethylene Glycerol Mono Oleate -200-600

Mole EO

Polyethylene Glycerol Di Oleate-200-600

Mole EO

Polyethylene Glycerol Di Stearate- 200-600 Mole

Specialty Ethoxylates

N-2-Hydroxyethyl Morpholine

N,N-Bis(Hydroxyethyl) Aniline

NP Resin ethoxylates X Mole EO

Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (>95% purity,Crude)

Alkanolamide ethoxylates (CMEA-3/5EO)

End-Capped (benzyl) alkoxylates

Methacrylic acid ehtoxylates 4-10 EO Moles

Acrylinic Diol ethoxilates (TMDD-20,40,65,85)

Salt-free alkoxylates (Na/K <10ppm)

Methyl ester ethoxylates

Narrow Range Alkoxylates (Harcros Patented Cat.)

SULFATES & SULFOUCCINATES

Sulfated fatty alcohols have excellent emulsifying, wetting, lime soap dispersing and

foaming properties. They also have high electrolyte tolerance. Alkyl ether sulphated

(ethoxylates) also show improved water solubility and resistance to hardness. These

products are widely used in emulsion polymerization, cosmetic formulations, detergents

and textile industry. We offer a variety of sulphates based on natural and synthetic alcohols

and ethodylates. Our plant has exclusive facility for sulfonation using Oleum and other

sulphating agent. We also offer phenol and naphthalene sulfonates for leather industry.

2-Ethylhexyl Suphate C11 alcohol-7EO Sulphate (APEO-Free)

NonylPhenol-4.5EO Sulphate Tridecyl Alcohol-25 Sulphate (APEO-Free)

Octyl Phenol-25EO Sulphate Allyl alcohol 10EO sulnate (ammonium salt)

EO-PO Copolymer Sulphate Phenol sulfonate (oleum based)

Castor Oil-25EO Sulphate Napthalene sulfonate (oleum based)

Sulfosuccinic mono- and di-esters are used as emulsifiers in polymerization processes. They

are highly effective wetting agents and are used in various industry segments. We can offer

a wide range of sulfosuccinate esters based on different alkyl groups and can customize the

properties as per requirement. Sulfosuccenate products are available in solution with

different solvents such as linear alcohols or PEGs/PPGs.

DiOctyl Sodium Sulfosuccenate CocoMonoethanolamide Sulfosuccenate

Disodium Lareth(3) Sulfosuccinate Disodium Oleic-(5) Sulfosuccinate

DiLauryl Sodium Sulfosuccenate Custom Sulfosuccenates of ethoxylates

DiTriDecyl Sodium Sulfosuccenate

ESTERS

Ester are formed by the reaction of an alcohol and an acid under basic or acid conditions.

Esters have a wide range of applications in every industry segment. We can offers a

comprehensive list of esters as per required specifications.

Glycol Esters

We can offer a comprehensive range of esters based on ethylene glycol/propylene glycol

and fatty acids such as Stearic, lauric, oleic and palmitic. We offer both, mono and di-esters.

Glycol esters are used as pearlizing agents in shampoos, cleansing creams, liquid soaps, bath

gels. Propylene glycol esters also have applications as industrial solvents, emulsifies, in

antifreeze, paints and coatings and lubricants.

Ethylene Glycol Mono Stearate Propylene Glycol Mono Strearates

Ethylene Glycol Di Stearate Propylene glycol Di Stearate

Apart from MEG/PPG, we also offer a wide range of polyglycol esters. PEG 200-6000 (MW)

mono and di-esters are fatty acids. Polyglycol esters are widely used in the formulation of

emulsifier blends, thickeners, resin plasticizers, emollients, pacifiers, spreading agents,

wetting and dispersing agents and viscosity builders. Certain speciality polyglycol esters

have applications in metal working, pulp and paper, textile and as defoamers in latex paints.

PEG (MW) ESTER TYPE FATTY ACID

200 Mono/Di Stearic/Lauric/Palmitic/Oleic

400 Mono/Di Stearic/Lauric/Palmitic/Oleic

600 Mono/Di Stearic/Lauric/Palmitic/Oleic

1000 Mono/Di Stearic/Lauric/Palmitic/Oleic

2000 Mono/Di Stearic/Lauric/Palmitic/Oleic

4000 Mono/Di Stearic/Lauric/Palmitic/Oleic

6000 Mono/Di Stearic/Lauric/Palmitic/Oleic

Methoxy PEG Esters

There are fatty acid esters of ethoxylated methanol. We can offer these esters either by

esterification route of by ethoxylation of methyl esters using Harcros patented catalyst.

Methoxy PEG 350 Laurate Methoxy PEG 350 Oleate

Glycerol Esters.

Glycerine can be reacted with various fatty acids to give their corresponding Mono/Di or tri

esters. Glycerol esters are widely used as food additives, preservatives, as thickeners,

emulsifiers, in cosmetics, leather, lubricant and other industries. We offers a wide range of

Glycerol esters.

Glycerol Mono Stearate (40%) NSE Glycerol Mono Oleate

Glycerol Mono Stearate (SE) Glycerol Tri Oleate

Glycerol Tri Stearate Glycerol (PEG-7) Cocoate

Glycerol (PEG-3) Mono Stearate Glycin Dilaurate (alkoxylate)

Glycerol (PEG-10) Mono Stearate PEG-10-Mono/Di Glyceride

Glycerol Mono Laurate

Sorbitan esters and Polysorbates

Sorbitan esters are made from the reaction of sorbitol and various fatty acids. These esters

have wide applications as emulsifies in food products, as dispersing agents, as machining

fluids, in coatings, in lubricants, pharmaceutics. Their corresponding ethoxylated products

have excellent emulsifying and stabilizing property and find applications as emulsifies in

various industry segments.

Sorbitan Mono Laurate (SML) Sorbitan Sesqui Oleate (SSO)

Sorbitan Mono Palmitate (SMP) Polysorbate 20 (SML-20EO)

Sorbitan Mono Stearate (SMS) Polysorbate 40 (SMP-20EO)

Sorbitan Tri Stearate (STS) Polysorbate 60 (SMS-20EO)

Sorbitan Mono Oleate (SMO 40/70) Polysorbate 65 (STS-20EO)

Sorbitan RI Oleate (STO) Polysorbate 80 (SMO-20EO)

*Oleic esters can be offered a sOleic 40% and Oleic 70% min content.

Other Fatty Esters:

We offers a wide range of fatty esters based on variety fatty acids and fatty alcohols. These

esters are often used in textile lubricants, as viscosity builders, in cosmetics as emulsifiers as

rust inhibitors, as synthetic defamers, as pigment carrying agents etc. Fatty esters may be

solid or liquid form. Behenyl Esters are widely used as emulsifies. They also have excellent

emollient properties. They make the skin smoother and prevent moisture loss. They

improve rub-out of formulas and controls viscosity

Butyl Stearate Octyl Oleate Stearyl Stearate C1215 Alkyl Benzoate

Butyl Oleate Cetyl Palmitate Stearyl Palmitate C13 Aklyl benzoate

Octyl Stearate Oleyl Oleate Stearyl Oleate Sodium Stearyl Lactylate

Octyl Palmitate Tridecyl Stearate behnyl Stearate Sodium Oleyl Lactylate

Octyl Laurate Lauryl Oleate Behnyl Laurate

PHOSPHATE ESTERS

Phosphate esters are anionic surfactants which are produced by phosphation

of fatty alcohols and ethoxylated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Compares to

other anionic surfactants, phosphate esters offer specific advantages, including

stability over a broad pH range, good solubility and corrosion inhibiting

properties. Phosphate esters are highly suitable for use as emulsifying agents,

wetting agents, anti-stats, corrosion inhibitors and hydro tropes in cleaning

formulations. We have dedicated manufacturing facilities for production of

mono phosphate esters, di-esters and mixed esters. All our phosphates are

based on p2os.

Butanol Phosphate (mono/Di-ester) Nonyl Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate

2-Ethylhexyl Phosphate (mono/Di-ester) Styrenated Phenol(ethoxylated) Phospate

Lauryl alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate Phenol (ethoxylated) phosphate

Tridecyl alcohol phosphate Allyl alcohol (ethoxylated) phosphate

Tridecyl alcohol (ethoxlated) Phoshpate Hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate

Cetyl Alcohol Phosphate Methacrylic acid (ethoxylated) phosphate

Oleyl alcohol Phosphate Methacrylic acid (propoxylated) phosphate

MISCELLANEOUS

Amides Octyl betaine

Coco Monoethanol amide (CMEA) Cocoamidopropyl betaine

Coco Diethanol amide (CDEA) Soya amidopropyl betaine

CMEA-3,5EO moles

Oleic Diethanolamide Amine Oxides

Stearic Diethanolamide Lauryl amine oxide

Cocofatty acid Aminoethyl ethanolamide 6EO Octyl amine oxide

Carboxylic Acids & salts

Oleth-5EO Carboxylic acid Monomer Esters

PEG600 Di Carboxylic acid Behnyl alcohol ethoxylated Methacrylate (BEM)

Imidazolines (DETA/AEEA) CSA ethoxylated Methacrylate (CEM)

Oleic Imidazoline Styrenated Phenol ethoxylated Methacrylate (SEM)

Coconut Imidazoline Lauryl alcohol ethoxylated Methacrylate (LEM)

Triazines (H2R Scavengers) Monomer Phosphates

Monoethanol amine Triazine (50-75%) Methacrylic acid ethoxylated phosphate

Mono Methylamine Triazine (40%) Methacrylic acid propoxylated phosphate

Carbamates Other copolymers

Sodium Dimethyl Dithio carbamate (SDMDC)-40% Phenol-formaldehyde resins

Potassium DimethylDithio carbamate (KDMDC)-40% Urea-formaldehyde resins

Ethylene Bis Dithio Carbamate (NABAM)-40% Melamine formaldehyde resins

Dimethyl amine Epichlorihydrin copolymers

Betaines Phosphonates

Coco Betaine Amino tris (methylene phosphonic acid)-50%

ALKOXYLATES

Ethoxylation is a chemical process in which ethylene oxide is reacted (in desired molar ratios) with an alcohol or acid to make surfactants. Ethoxylation may also involve reactions between ethylene oxide an vegetable oils . We manufacture various ethoxylates according to our customer’s specifications on cloud point, hydroxyl value, SAP value, pH etc. Our tentative product list is as below:

Natural Oil Ethoxylates

Castor Oil – 5, 16, 20, 32, 36, 40, 80, 200 EO Moles

Hydrogenated/Hardened Castor Oil -10, 15, 20, 40, 70, 100 EO Moles

Neem Oil – 10, 20, 30 EO Moles

Soya Oil-3,5,10 EO Moles

Linseed Oil-3,5,10 EO Moles

Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylates

Oleyl Cetyl Alcohol – 2, 5, 12, 25, 50, 60 EO Moles

Oleyl Alcohol – 5, 10, 20, 25, 60 EO Moles

Tri Decyl Alcohol – 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 20, 40, 100 E0 Moles

Decyl Alcohol – 4, 6, 10 EO Moles

Ceto Stearyl Alcohol – 2.5, 10, 16, 20, 22, 30, 50, 80 EO Moles

Lauryl Alcohol – 2.5, 6, 8, 10, 20, 25 EO Moles

Behnyl Alcohol – 5, 7.5, 10, 30, 40 EO Moles

Stearyl Alcohol – 2,10, 15 EO Moles

2-Ethyl Hexanol -2.5, 4.5 EO Moles

Octyl Decyl (C18/C10) Alcohol 2,3.5,10 EO Moles

Capric/Caprylic Alcohol 2,5 EO Moles

Glycerine – 10, 23 EO Moles

Aryl Alcohol Ethoxylates

Nonyl Phenol – 4.5, 5, 6, 8, 9.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 100 EO Moles

Octyl Phenol – 5, 10, 25, 40, 60, 70 EO Moles

Dodecyl Phenol – 5.9, 10, 20 EO Moles

Styrenated Phenol – 20 EO Moles

Phenol-4,6 EO Moles

Fatty Acid Ethoxylates

Oleic Acid – 2.5, 6, 10, 15 EO Moles

Stearic Acid-8,10.5,40,70 EO Moles

Coconut fatty acid-10,12 EO Moles

Lauric/Palmitic/Myristic acid ethoxylates X EO moles

Fatty Amine Ethoxylates

Stearyl Amine – 10, 30 EO Moles

Tallow Amine and Tallow Diamine – 3, 10, 20 EO Moles

Coco Amine – 10, 20, 30 EO Moles

Oleyl Amine-15,20,30 EO Moles

Amino Propyl Behnyl Amine – 10, 90 EO Moles

Ethylene Diamine-4 EO Moles

Polyethylene Glycols/Methoxy PEGs

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) – 200,400,600,800,1500,4000,6000,8000,12000, 20000 Mol. Wt.

Methoxy PEGs 300-5000 Mol. Wt.

Polysorbates

Polysorbate 20 (Sorbitan Mono Laurate 20 Mole EO)

Polysorbate 40 (Sorbitan Mono Palmitate 20 Mole EO)

Polysorbate 60 (Sorbitan Mono Stearate 20 Mole EO)

Polysorbate 65 (Sorbitan Tri Stearate 20 Mole EO)

Polysorbate 80 (Sorbitan Mono Oleate 20 Mole EO)

Polysorbate 85 (Sorbitan Tri Oleate 20 Mole EO)

Polyglycerates

Polyethylene Glycerol Mono Oleate-200,300,600 M.W.

Polyethylne Glycerol Di Oleate-200,300,600 M.W.

Polyethylene Glycerol Mono Stearate-200,300, 600 M.W.

Polyethylene Glycerol Di Stearate-200,300,600 M.W.

Specialty Ethoxylates

Lanolin – 10, 70, 80 EO Moles

Triethanol Amine 85% and 98%

N-2-Hydroxyethyl Morpholine

N-2-Hydroxyethyl Piperidine

N-2-Dihydroxyethyl Piperazine

N-2-Hydroxyethyl Pyrazole

N-2-Hydroxyethyl Pyrrolidone

N,N-Bis(DiHydroxyethyl) Aniline

NP Resin ethoxylates X Mole EO

Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylates

Methoxy PEGs (400-5000)

Allyl PEGs (200-5000)

Methallyl PEGs (200-5000)

CategoryMain Product

Molecular FormulaC26H55NO4Molecular Weight0

This article is about the industrial scale process. For the attachment of polyethylene glycol to pharmaceuticals, see PEGylation.

Ethoxylation is a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide adds to a substrate. It is the most widely practiced alkoxylation, which involves the addition of epoxides to substrates.

In the usual application, alcohols and phenols are converted into R(OC2H4)nOH where n ranges from 1 to 10. Such compounds are called alcohol ethoxylates. Alcohol ethoxylates are often converted to related species called ethoxysulfates. Alcohol ethoxylates and ethoxysulfates are surfactants, used widely in cosmetic and other commercial products.[1] The process is of great industrial significance with more than 2,000,000 metric tons of various ethoxylates produced worldwide in 1994.[2]

Contents

1 Production

1.1 Alcohol ethoxylates

1.1.1 Ethoxylation/propoxylation

1.1.2 Ethoxysulfates

1.2 Other materials

2 Applications of ethoxylated products

2.1 Alcohol ethoxylates

2.2 Alcohol ethoxysulfates

3 Environmental and safety

3.1 Alcohol ethoxylates (AEs)

3.1.1 Human health

3.1.2 Aquatic and environmental aspects

3.2 Alcohol ethoxysulfates (AESs)

3.2.1 Biodegradation

3.2.2 In water

3.2.3 Human safety

4 References

Production

The process was developed at the Ludwigshafen laboratories of IG Farben by Conrad Schöller and Max Wittwer during the 1930s.[3][4]

Alcohol ethoxylates

Industrial ethoxylation is primarily performed upon fatty alcohols in order to generate fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAE’s), which are a common form of nonionic surfactant (e.g. octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether). Such alcohols may be obtained by the hydrogenation of fatty acids from seed oils,[5] or by hydroformylation in the Shell higher olefin process.[6] The reaction proceeds by blowing ethylene oxide through the alcohol at 180 °C and under 1-2 bar of pressure, with potassium hydroxide (KOH) serving as a catalyst.[7] The process is highly exothermic (ΔH -92 kJ/mol of ethylene oxide reacted) and requires careful control to avoid a potentially disastrous thermal runaway.[7]

ROH + n C2H4O → R(OC2H4)nOH

The starting materials are usually primary alcohols as they react ~10-30x faster than do secondary alcohols.[8] Typically 5-10 units of ethylene oxide are added to each alcohol,[6] however ethoxylated alcohols can be more prone to ethoxylation than the starting alcohol, making the reaction difficult to control and leading to the formation of a product with varying repeat unit length (the value of n in the equation above). Better control can be afforded by the use of more sophisticated catalysts,[9] which can be used to generate narrow-range ethoxylates. Ethoxylated alcohols are considered to be a high production volume (HPV) chemical by the US EPA.[10]

Ethoxylation/propoxylation

Ethoxylation is sometimes combined with propoxylation, the analogous reaction using propylene oxide as the monomer. Both reactions are normally performed in the same reactor and may be run simultaneously to give a random polymer, or in alternation to obtain block copolymers such as poloxamers.[7] Propylene oxide is more hydrophobic than ethylene oxide and its inclusion at low levels can significantly affect the properties of the surfactant. In particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols which have been ‘capped’ with ~1 propylene oxide unit are extensively marketed as low-foaming surfactants.

Ethoxysulfates

Ethoxylated fatty alcohols are often converted to the corresponding organosulfates, which can be easily deprotonated to give anionic surfactants such as sodium laureth sulfate. Being salts, ethoxysulfates exhibit good water solubility (high HLB value). The conversion is achieved by treating ethoxylated alcohols with sulfur trioxide.[11] Laboratory scale synthesis may be performed using chlorosulfuric acid:

R(OC2H4)nOH + SO3 → R(OC2H4)nOSO3H

R(OC2H4)nOH + HSO3Cl → R(OC2H4)nOSO3H + HCl

The resulting sulfate esters are neutralized to give the salt:

R(OC2H4)nOSO3H + NaOH → R(OC2H4)nOSO3Na + H2O

Small volumes are neutralized with alkanolamines such as triethanolamine (TEA).[12][page needed] In 2006, 382,500 metric tons of alcohol ethoxysulfates (AES) were consumed in North America.[13](subscription required)[page needed][better source needed]

Other materials

Although alcohols are by far the major substrate for ethoxylation, many nucleophiles are reactive toward ethylene oxide. Primary amines will react to give di-chain materials such as polyethoxylated tallow amine. The reaction of ammonia produces important bulk chemicals such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine.

Applications of ethoxylated products

Alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alcohol ethoxysulfates (AES) are surfactants found in products such as laundry detergents, surface cleaners, cosmetics, agricultural products, textiles, and paint.[14][non-primary source needed]

Alcohol ethoxylates

As alcohol ethoxylate based surfactants are non-ionic they typically require longer ethoxylate chains than their sulfonated analogues in order to be water-soluble.[15] Examples synthesized on an industrial scale include octyl phenol ethoxylate, polysorbate 80 and poloxamers. Ethoxylation is commonly practiced, albeit on a much smaller scale, in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries to increase water solubility and, in the case of pharmaceuticals, circulatory half-life of non-polar organic compounds. In this application, ethoxylation is known as “PEGylation” (polyethylene oxide is synonymous with polyethylene glycol, abbreviated as PEG). Carbon chain length is 8-18 while the ethoxylated chain is usually 3 to 12 ethylene oxides long in home products.[16][page needed] They feature both lipophilic tails, indicated by the alkyl group abbreviation, R, and relatively polar headgroups, represented by the formula (OC2H4)nOH.

Alcohol ethoxysulfates

AES found in consumer products generally are linear alcohols, which could be mixtures of entirely linear alkyl chains or of both linear and mono-branched alkyl chains.[17][page needed] A high-volume example of these is sodium laureth sulfate a foaming agent in shampoos and liquid soaps, as well as industrial detergents.[citation needed]

Environmental and safety

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Alcohol ethoxylates (AEs)

Human health

Alcohol ethoxylates are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects.[18] One byproduct of ethoxylation is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen.[19] Undiluted AEs can cause dermal or eye irritation. In aqueous solution, the level of irritation is dependent on the concentration. AEs are considered to have low to moderate toxicity for acute oral exposure, low acute dermal toxicity, and have mild irritation potential for skin and eyes at concentrations found in consumer products.[16]

Aquatic and environmental aspects

AEs are usually released down the drain, where they may be adsorbed into solids and biodegrade through anaerobic processes, with ~28-58% degraded in the sewer.[20][non-primary source needed] The remaining AEs are treated at waste water treatment plants and biodegraded via aerobic processes with less than 0.8% of AEs released in effluent.[20] If released into surface waters, sediment or soil, AEs will degrade through aerobic and anaerobic processes or be taken up by plants and animals.

Toxicity to certain invertebrates has a range of EC50 values for linear AE from 0.1 mg/l to greater than 100 mg/l. For branched alcohol exthoxylates, toxicity ranges from 0.5 mg/l to 50 mg/l.[16] The EC50 toxicity for algae from linear and branched AEs was 0.05 mg/l to 50 mg/l. Acute toxicity to fish ranges from LC50 values for linear AE of 0.4 mg/l to 100 mg/l, and branched is 0.25 mg/l to 40 mg/l. For invertebrates, algae and fish the essentially linear and branched AEs are considered to not have greater toxicity than Linear AE.[16]

Alcohol ethoxysulfates (AESs)

Biodegradation

The degradation of AES proceeds by ω- or β-oxidation of the alkyl chain, enzymatic hydrolysis of the sulfate ester, and by cleavage of an ether bond in the AES producing alcohol or alcohol ethoxylate and an ethylene glycol sulfate. Studies of aerobic processes also found AES to be readily biodegradable.[12] The half-life of both AE and AES in surface water is estimated to be less than 12 hours.[21][non-primary source needed] The removal of AES due to degradation via anaerobic processes is estimated to be between 75 and 87%.

In water

Flow-through laboratory tests in a terminal pool of AES with mollusks found the NOEC of a snail, Goniobasis and the Asian clam, Corbicula to be greater than 730 ug/L. Corbicula growth was measured to be affected at a concentration of 75 ug/L.[22][non-primary source needed] The mayfly, genus Tricorythodes has a normalized density NOEC value of 190 ug/L.[23][non-primary source needed]

Human safety

AES has not been found to be genotoxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic.[17]

Amine ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants formed from the reaction of alkyl amine with ethylene oxide. These ethoxylates play an important role in oil & gas and agrochemicals, as well as, in textile processing. The ethoxylates act as the wetting agent, solubilizer, anti-corrosion agent, and adjuvant.

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