TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE
TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL)PHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE
CAS NUMBER: 124-64-1
SYNONYMS: Tetrakis(Hydroxymethyl)Phosphonium Chloride; MFCD00031687; AKXUUJCMWZFYMV-UHFFFAOYSA-M; C4H12ClO4P; tetramethylolphosphonium acetate etramethylolphosphonium chloride; tetramethylolphosphonium hydroxide etramethylolphosphonium nitrate; tetramethylolphosphonium oxalate (2:1)
tetramethylolphosphonium phosphate (3:1); tetramethylolphosphonium sulfate (2:1); THPC; Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride; 124-64-1; THPC
Pyroset TKC; Retardol C; NCI-C55061; TETRAMETHYLOLPHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE; Tetra(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride; UNII-58WB2XCF8I; Proban CC; Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphochloride; CCRIS 317; Phosphonium, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-, chloride; tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanium chloride
HSDB 2923; EINECS 204-707-7; Tetrahydroxymethylphosphonium chloride; SC 30698; AI3-22268; Tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl)fosfoniumchlorid [Czech]; Phosphonium, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-, chloride (1:1); pyrosettkc; TETRAKIS(HYDROXYMETHYL) PHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE; aurora ka-1157; Tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl)fosfoniumchlorid; ACMC-1BPFQ; AC1L1LCW; DSSTox_CID_1330; C1Q1SP2; 58WB2XCF8I; DSSTox_RID_76085; DSSTox_GSID_21330; KSC492Q8N; SCHEMBL196471; Jsp001618; CHEMBL2131547; DTXSID5021330; CTK3J2886; AKXUUJCMWZFYMV-UHFFFAOYSA-M; MolPort-002-043-774; WLN: Q1P1Q1Q1Q & GLS-31; NSC30698; Tox21_302070; 7580-37-2 (unspecified acetate); ANW-43807; MFCD00031687; NSC-30698; AKOS015918384; Tetra(hydroxymethyl)Phosphoniumchloride; NE10887; RTR-003787; NCGC00164162-01; NCGC00255382-01; 2031-17-0 (phosphate[3:1]); 52221-67-7 (oxalate[2:1]); 55566-30-8 (sulfate[2:1]); AK115995; CAS-124-64-1; KB-61541; OR013154; OR243180; SC-80017; DB-007909; tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride; TR-003787; FT-0081358; T-0631726; Phosphonium, chloro-tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-phosphonium,tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-,chloride; ST51055809; EN300-19000; I14-8218; TETRA HYDROXYMETHYL)PHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE 80% SOLN IN H2O; 2245-60-5; CB2166508; tetrakishidroksimetil fosfonyum klorür; tetrakishidroksimetil fosfonyumklor; tetrakishidroksimetil fosfonyum; tetrakishidroksimethyl fosfonyum; tetrakishidroksimethyl fosfonyum kloride; tetrakishidroksimethyl fosfonyum chlorit; tetrakishidroksimethyl fosfonyum klorit
Physical and chemical properties, toxicokinetics, toxicological, epidemiological, and exposure data on tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC), which is one of the tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salts. Although other tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salts have been used as flame retardants, the subcommittee chose to focus its assessment on THPC because it has a large toxicology database and is the most toxic of the phosphate salts. The subcommittee used the toxicity and exposure information on THPC to characterize the health risk from exposure to THPC. The subcommittee also identified data gaps and recommended research relevant for determining the health risk from exposure to THPC.
The physical and chemical properties of THPC are summarized in Table 18-1. THPC is a water-soluble tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salt (IARC 1990) that is a common ingredient in commercial flame-retardant (FR) formulations.
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride reacts vigorously with oxidizers and alkalis. Reacts with cellulose.
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Clear slightly viscous,colorless to yellow liquid (20% H2O solution).
Color: Crystalline; Clear light pink or yellow-green
Solubility: greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68° F (NTP, 1992).
Corrosivity: Corrosive
Melting point:154°C
Boiling point:115°C/760mmHg
Density: 1.341 g/mL at 25 °C
refractive index: n20/D 1.512
form: Solution
Water Solubility >=10 g/100 mL at 20 ºC
Formulations/Preparations
May be used in combination with triethylolamine and urea (Roxel process) or with triethanolamine and tris(1-aziridinyl) phosphate oxide.
Decomposition
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /phosphorous oxides & hydrogen chloride/.
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride can be absorbed through the skin.
THPC is produced by the reaction of formaldehyde, phosphine, and hydrochloric acid. THPC and its sulfur salt THPS are the predominant FR chemicals used for cotton apparel, especially children’s sleepwear. THPC was the most widely used FR for cotton fabrics in the 1950s. About 1,000-5,000 tons of THPC was used in the United States in 1987.
No studies were identified that investigated the dermal absorption of THPC or other tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salts by humans. Dermal application of THPC to rats resulted in body weight loss and death (Aoyama 1975), indicating that THPC is absorbed by this route. Ulsamer et al., citing a 1953 report by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, stated that THPC can be absorbed through the skin in large amounts (1.5 gm/kg). It is not clear whether this is a derived amount or one based on animal data. The subcommittee could not locate a copy of the 1953 report.
Results indicate that if all of the THPC is released from the fabric into the air, THPC could be a toxic risk to persons entering the room. In reality, any FR that evaporated so rapidly would be useless in preventing upholstery flammability. Either THPC is much more strongly bound to the fabric than assumed in this scenario (so that the parameter γ in the analysis above is substantially less than unity), or the chemical is transformed during the application process. In either case, the emission rate would likely be controlled by some process other than diffusion through a boundary layer of air, as assumed here. The subcommittee believes that this exposure scenario provides no useful information about the potential toxicity of THPC vapors to humans associated with the emission of THPC vapors from treated furniture upholstery. Therefore, further investigation should be carried out to determine if exposure to THPC by this route poses a toxic risk to humans. These results suggest that the vapor inhalation scenario is unrealistic for THPC-treated furniture in a residential setting because evaporative loss of all THPC over 16 hr could not occur under normal conditions.
Since THPC is chemically cross-linked within the treated upholstery, the vapor pressure of THPC is assumed to be the vapor pressure for the polymerized form. In the absence of any published data, it is assumed that the polymerized form of THPC will have a vapor pressure approaching zero. Thus, the vapor inhalation noncancer risk from THPC-treated fabric may be assumed to be minimal if not zero.
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride may be corrosive. When heated to decomposition, it may emit very toxic fumes of POx, hydrogen chloride and bis(chloromethyl)ether. Decomposition of Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride in an aqueous environment may produce phosphine, formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride.
Fire Hazard
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride is probably combustible.
Tetrakis (hidroksimetil) fosfonyum tuzlarndan biri olan tetrakis (hidroksimetil) fosfonyum klorid (THPC) üzerindeki fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikler, toksikokinetik, toksikolojik, epidemiyolojik ve maruz kalma verileri. Alev geciktiriciler olarak dier tetrakis (hidroksimetil) fosfonyum tuzlar kullanlm olsa da, alt komite, THPC’ye ilikin deerlendirmesine odaklanmay tercih etmitir, çünkü büyük bir toksikoloji veritabanna sahiptir ve fosfat tuzlarnn en toksiktir. Alt komite, THPC’ye maruz kalmadan salk riskini karakterize etmek için THPC üzerindeki toksisite ve maruz kalma bilgilerini kulland. Alt komite ayn zamanda veri boluklarn tespit etti ve THPC’ye maruz kalndnda salk riskini belirlemek için gerekli aratrma önerdi.
THPC’nin fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri Tablo 18-1’de özetlenmitir. THPC, ticari alev geciktirici (FR) formülasyonlarda ortak bir bileen olan suda çözünür bir tetrakis (hidroksimetil) fosfonyum tuzudur (IARC, 1990).
Tetrakis (hidroksimetil) fosfonyum klorür, oksitleyiciler ve alkaliler ile kuvvetli tepki verir. Selüloz ile reaksiyona girer.
FZKSEL TANIM
Hafifçe viskoz, renksiz ila sar svya temizleyin (% 20 H20 çözeltisi).
Renk: Kristalin; Açk pembe veya sar-yeil berrak
Çözünürlük: 68 ° F’da 100 mg / mL’den büyük veya eit (NTP, 1992).
Koroziflik: Korozif
Erime noktas: 154 ° C
Kaynama noktas: 115 ° C / 760mmHg
Younluk: 25 ° C’de 1.341 g / mL
krma indisi: n20 / D 1.512
form: Çözüm
Suda Çözünürlük> = 10 g / 100 mL, 20 ºC’de
Formülasyonlar / Hazrlklar
Trietilolamin ve üre (Roksel proses) veya trietanolamin ve tris (1-aziridinil) fosfat oksit ile kombinasyon halinde kullanlabilir.
ayrma
Parçalanmaya kadar stldnda, fosfor oksitler ve hidrojen klorid / toksik dumanlar yayar.
Emilim, Dalm ve Boaltma
Tetrakis (hidroksimetil) fosfonyum klorür deriden absorbe edilebilir.
THPC, formaldehit, fosfin ve hidroklorik asit reaksiyonuyla üretilir. THPC ve sülfür tuzu THPS pamuklu giysiler, özellikle çocuk pijama için kullanlan baskn FR kimyasallardr. THPC 1950’lerde pamuklu kumalar için en yaygn olarak kullanlan FR idi. 1987’de Birleik Devletlerde yaklak 1.000-5.000 ton THPC kullanld.
nsanlar tarafndan THPC veya dier tetrakis (hidroksimetil) fosfonyum tuzlarnn dermal emilimini aratran hiçbir çalma tespit edilmemitir. THPC’nin sçanlara uygulanmas, vücut arl kayb ve ölüm ile sonuçlanmtr (Aoyama 1975). THPK’nin bu yol tarafndan absorbe edildiini gösterir. Ulsamer ve arkadalar, Wisconsin Mezun Aratrmalar Vakf tarafndan 1953 ylnda hazrlanan bir rapora dayanarak, THPC’nin ciltten büyük miktarlarda (1.5 gm / kg) emilebileceini belirtti. Bunun türetilmi bir miktar olup olmad veya hayvan verilerine dayal bir miktar olup olmad açk deildir. Alt komite 1953 raporunun bir kopyasn bulamad.
Sonuçlar, THPC’nin tamamnn kumatan havaya braklmas halinde THPC’nin odaya giren kiilere toksik bir risk oluturabileceini göstermektedir. Gerçekte, bu kadar çabuk buharlaan herhangi bir FR, döemenin yancln önlemede yararsz olacaktr. THPC, bu senaryoda varsayld kadar kumaa çok daha fazla baldr (yukardaki analizde γ parametresi esasen birlikten daha düüktür) veya kimyasal uygulama ilemi srasnda dönütürülür. Her iki durumda da, emisyon oran muhtemelen burada varsayld gibi hava snr tabakas üzerinden difüzyon dnda bir süreç tarafndan kontrol edilir. Alt komite, bu maruz kalma senaryosunun THPC buharnn ilenmi mobilya döemesinden THPC buhar emisyonuyla ilikili THPC buharlarnn potansiyel toksisitesi hakknda yararl bir bilgi saladna inanyor. Bu nedenle, bu yol tarafndan THPC’ye maruz kalmann insanlar için toksik bir risk oluturup oluturmadn belirlemek için daha fazla aratrma yaplmaldr. Bu sonuçlar, buhar inhalasyon senaryosunun konut ortamnda THPC ile ilem gören mobilyalar için gerçekçi olmadn göstermektedir, çünkü normal koullar altnda tüm THPC’nin buharlaan kayb 16 saatte oluamamtr.
THPC, muamele edilmi döeme içinde kimyasal olarak çapraz balandndan, THPC’nin buhar basnc, polimerize form için buhar basnc olarak kabul edilir. Herhangi bir yaynlanm veri yokluunda, THPC’nin polimerize formunun buhar basncnn sfra yaklaaca varsaylmaktadr. Dolaysyla, THPC ile ilemden geçirilmi kumatan alnan buhar teneffüs etme d kanser riski, sfr olmasa da minimal kabul edilebilir.
AKUT / KRONK TEHLKELER
Tetrakis (hidroksimetil) fosfonyum klorür andrc olabilir. Parçalanmaya kadar stldnda, POx, hidrojen klorür ve bis (klorometil) eter gibi çok toksik dumanlar yayabilir. Tetrakis (hidroksimetil) fosfonyum kloridin sulu bir ortamda ayrlmas fosfin, formaldehit ve hidrojen klorür üretebilir.
Yangn tehlikesi
Tetrakis (hidroksimetil) fosfonyum klorür muhtemelen yancdr.