TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ( TRKALSYUM FOSFAT)
TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE ( TRKALSYUM FOSFAT)
CAS NUMBER:7758-87-4
SYNONYMS: CALCIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, TRIBASIC; PHOSPHORIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT (2:3) ; TRIBASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE; TRICALCIUM BIS (ORTHOPHOSPHATE);Calcium phosphate, tribasic; precipitated calcium phosphate; INS No.341;Calcium tertiary phosphate;Calcium phosphate (3:2);calcium phosphate;calcium orthophosphate;calcium diphosphate;Calciumphosphate; Synthos; TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE; 7758-87-4; Calcigenol simple; Tricalcium diphosphate; C08136; synthos; bonarka;calcigenolsimple;Calcium phosphate;naturalwhitlockite;FOSFATO TRICALCICO;tri-Calciumphlwphate;calciumphosphate (3:2); tricalciumdiphosphate; Si-HAp; ALPHA-TCP; Einecs 235-330-6;TRI-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE;TERT-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE;CALCIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE;CELLULOSE HYDROXYAPATIT; APATITE FAP, HEXACLINIC; Cellulose hydroxyapatite;BETA-TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE;APATITE TTCP, MONOCLINIC ;bonarka; calcigenolsimple; calciumorthophosphate,tri(tert);calciumphosphate(3:2);calciumphosphate(ca3(po4)2);calciumtertiaryphosphate;naturalwhitlockite;Calcium Phosphate Tribasic; Tricalcium diphosphate; Bone phosphate; Calcium orthophosphate; Calcium Phosphate; Calcium phosphate (3:2); Calcium tertiary phosphate; Phosphoric acid, calcium salt (2:3); Phosphoric acid, calcium(2+) salt (2:3); Tertiary calcium phosphate; Tribasic calcium phosphate; Tricalcium orthophosphate;tricalcium phosphate; tri calcium phosphate; tricalciumphosphate; trikalsiyum fosfat; tri kalsiyum fosfat; trikalsiyumfosfat; TRI CALCIUM PHOSPHATE; TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE, TRICALCIUMPHOSPHATE; TR KALSYUM FOSFAT, TRKALSYUM FOSFAT; TRKALSYUMFOSFAT;
Tricalcium phosphate (sometimes abbreviated TCP) is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2. It is also known as tribasic calcium phosphate and bone phosphate of lime (BPL). It is a white solid of low solubility. Most commercial samples of “tricalcium phosphate” are in fact hydroxyapatite.Tricalcium phosphate has three recognised polymorphs, the rhombohedral β- form (shown above), and two high temperature forms, monoclinic α- and hexagonal α’-. β-tricalcium phosphate has a crystallographic density of 3.066 g cm-3 while the high temperature forms are less dense, α-tricalcium phosphate has a density of 2.866 g cm-3 and α’-tricalcium phosphate has a density of 2.702 g cm-3 All forms have complex structures consisting of tetrahedral phosphate centers linked through oxygen to the calcium ions. The high temperature forms each have two types of columns, one containing only calcium ions and the other both calcium and phosphate.There are differences in chemical and biological properties between the beta and alpha forms, the alpha form is more soluble and biodegradeable. Both forms are available commercially and are present in formulations used in medical and dental applications.Tricalcium phosphate is an ingredient that is heavily used across many industries – toothpaste, antacids, bone grafting material, baby powder, water filtration, nutritional supplements and ceramic coatings – and it is also in our food supply. Tricalcium phosphate (EU) is a mineral found in many foods, for many purposes.Tricalcium phosphate is not as commonly found as other forms of calcium supplements — like calcium citrate and calcium carbonate — but it is easier to absorb, according to registered pharmacist Suzy Cohen, writing for the “Sun Sentinel.” It also contains both calcium and phosphorus — two minerals that make up your bone tissue — while some other calcium supplements offer just calcium. A dosage of one commercial tricalcium phosphate supplement contains 500 milligrams of calcium and 230 milligrams of phosphorus — 50 percent and 23 percent of the daily value, respectively. Some tricalcium phosphate supplements also contain vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium.Some calcium phosphates derive from phosphate rocks, calcium from plant sources, and ammonia. These can be considered vegan. Most of the time, however, calcium phosphates are made from ground animal bones. Calcium phosphate aids in cell functioning and plays a vital role in many different body processes, including bone growth and energy production. Tricalcium phosphate is effective as a nutritional supplement because it is readily absorbed in the body. However, there is little evidence to show it is more effective than other calcium supplements, in particular, those containing citrate and carbonate. Tricalcium carbonate also has many other uses. It is found in many household items, including baby powder, toothpaste, and antacids. A variety of industries use tricalcium carbonate. For example, the biomedical sector uses tricalcium phosphate to make cement or composite to repair bones.
Biomedical
It is also used as a nutritional supplement and occurs naturally in cow milk[citation needed], although the most common and economical forms for supplementation are calcium carbonate (which should be taken with food) and calcium citrate (which can be taken without food). There is some debate about the different bioavailabilities of the different calcium salts.It can be used as a tissue replacement for repairing bony defects when autogenous bone graft is not feasible or possible. It may be used alone or in combination with a biodegradable, resorbable polymer such as polyglycolic acid. It may also be combined with autologous materials for a bone graft.Porous beta-Tricalcium phosphate scaffolds are employed as drug carrier systems for local drug delivery in bone.
Preparation
Tricalcium phosphate is produced commercially by treating hydroxyapatite with phosphoric acid and slaked lime.It cannot be precipitated directly from aqueous solution. Typically double decomposition reactions are employed, involving a soluble phosphate and calcium salts, e.g. (NH4)2HPO4 + Ca(NO3)2.[3] is performed under carefully controlled pH conditions. The precipitate will either be “amorphous tricalcium phosphate”, ATCP, or calcium deficient hydroxyapatite, CDHA, Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH), (note CDHA is sometimes termed apatitic calcium triphosphate). Crystalline tricalcium phosphate can beobtained by calcining the precipitate. β-Ca3(PO4)2 is generally formed, higher temperatures are required to produce α-Ca3 (PO4)2. An alternative to the wet procedure entails heating a mixture of a calcium pyrophosphate and calcium carbonate:
CaCO3 + Ca2P2O7 → Ca3(PO4)2 + CO2
Trikalsiyum fosfat (bazen ksaltlm TCP), Ca3 (PO4) 2 kimyasal formülü ile bir fosforik asit kalsiyum tuzudur. Ayrca tribazik kalsiyum fosfat ve kireç kemik fosfat (BPL) olarak bilinir. Düük çözünürlükte beyaz bir katdr. “Trikalsiyum fosfat” n çou ticari örnei aslnda hidroksiapatittir.Trikalsiyum fosfatn üç tannm polimorfu vardr, rhombohedral β form (yukarda gösterilmektedir) ve iki yüksek scaklk formu, monoklinik a- ve altgen a’-. β-trikalsiyum fosfat, 3.066 g cm-3 kristallografik younlua sahipken, yüksek scaklk formlar daha az youn, a-trikalsiyum fosfatn younluu 2.866 g cm-3 ve a’-trikalsiyum fosfatn younluu 2.702 g cm-‘dir. 3 Bütün formlar, kalsiyum iyonlarna oksijenden balanan tetrahedral fosfat merkezlerinden oluan karmak yaplara sahiptir. Yüksek scaklk formlarnn her biri, sadece kalsiyum iyonlar ve dier hem de kalsiyum ve fosfat içeren iki tip sütuna sahiptir. Beta ve alfa formlar arasndaki kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikler bakmndan farklar vardr, alfa formu daha çözünür ve biyolojik olarak ayrtrlabilir. Her iki form ticari olarak temin edilebilir ve tbbi ve dental uygulamalarda kullanlan formülasyonlarda bulunurlar. Trikalsiyum fosfat, birçok endüstride – di macunu, antasitler, kemik alama malzemesi, bebek tozu, su filtrasyonu, besin takviyeleri ve seramik kaplamalar – arlkl olarak kullanlan bir maddedir – ve ayn zamanda gda tedarikimizde. Trikalsiyum fosfat (AB) birçok gdada bulunan birçok üründür. Mineral kalsiyum fosfat, kalsiyum sitrat ve kalsiyum karbonat gibi kalsiyum takviyelerinin dier formlar kadar yaygn deildir. eczac Suzy Cohen, “Sun Sentinel” için yazyor. Ayn zamanda hem kalsiyum hem de fosfor içerir – kemik kalbnz oluturan iki mineral – dier baz kalsiyum takviyeleri sadece kalsiyum salar. Bir ticari trikalsiyum fosfat takviyesinin bir dozaj, srasyla 500 miligram kalsiyum ve 230 miligram fosfor içerir -% 50 ve günlük deerin% 23’ü. Baz trikalsiyum fosfat takviyeleri de vücudunuzun kalsiyum emmesine yardmc olan D vitamini içerir. Baz kalsiyum fosfatlar fosfat kayaçlarndan, bitki kaynaklarndan kalsiyum ve amonyaktan kaynaklanr. Bunlar vegan kabul edilebilir. Ancak çou zaman, kalsiyum fosfatlar, yer hayvan kemikleri ile yaplr. Kalsiyum fosfat, hücre ileyiine yardmc olur ve kemik büyümesi ve enerji üretimi de dahil olmak üzere birçok farkl vücut ileminde hayati bir rol oynar. Trikalsiyum fosfat, besin takviyesi olarak etkilidir çünkü vücutta kolayca emilir. Bununla birlikte, dier kalsiyum takviyelerinden, özellikle sitrat ve karbonat içerenlerden daha etkili olduunu gösteren çok az kant vardr. Trikalsiyum karbonat ayrca birçok baka kullanma sahiptir. Bebek tozu, di macunu ve antasitler gibi birçok ev eyalarnda bulunur. Çeitli endüstriler trikalsiyum karbonat kullanr. Örnein, biyomedikal sektör, kemikleri onarmak için çimento veya kompozit yapmak üzere trikalsiyum fosfat kullanr.
Biyomedikal
Ayrca besin takviyesi olarak kullanlr ve inek sütü ile doal olarak ortaya çkar (eklenmesi gerekir), ancak takviye için en yaygn ve ekonomik biçimler kalsiyum karbonattr (gda ile alnmaldr) ve kalsiyum sitrat (gdasz alnabilir) . Farkl kalsiyum tuzlarnn farkl biyoyararllklar hakknda baz tartmalar vardr. Otojen kemik grefti mümkün veya mümkün olmad zaman kemik defektlerinin onarm için doku replasman olarak kullanlabilir. Tek bana veya poliglikolik asit gibi biyolojik olarak parçalanabilir, emilebilir bir polimer ile kombinasyon halinde kullanlabilir. Ayn zamanda, bir kemik grefti için otolog malzemelerle birletirilebilir. Kemikte lokal ilaç verilmesi için ilaç tayc sistemler olarak Antik beta-Trikalsiyum fosfat iskeleleri kullanlr.
Hazrlk
Trikalsiyum fosfat, hidroksiapatitin fosforik asit ve sönmü kireç ile ilenmesi suretiyle ticari olarak üretilir. Dorudan sulu çözeltiden çökeltilemez. Tipik olarak, çözünür bir fosfat ve kalsiyum tuzlar, örn. (NH4) 2HPO4 + Ca (NO3) 2. [3] dikkatle kontrol edilen pH koullar altnda gerçekletirilir. Çökelti ya “amorf trikalsiyum fosfat”, ATCP ya da kalsiyum eksiklii olan hidroksiapatit, CDHA, Ca9 (HP04) (PO4) 5 (OH) olacaktr, (not CDHA bazen apatitik kalsiyum trifosfat olarak adlandrlr). Kristalin trikalsiyum fosfat, çökeltinin kalsine edilmesiyle elde edilebilir. β-Ca3 (PO4) 2 genellikle oluur, a-Ca3 (PO4) 2 üretmek için daha yüksek scaklklar gereklidir. Islak prosedürün bir alternatifi, bir kalsiyum pirofosfat ve kalsiyum karbonatn bir karmn stmay gerektirir:
CaCO3 + Ca2P2O7 → Ca3(PO4)2 + CO2